#Auraicept na n-Éces #### Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition ### Background details and bibliographic information Auraicept na n-Éces =================== Author: [unknown] ----------------- ### File Description George Caldercompiled and proof corrections by Beatrix Färber Funded by University College, Cork and The HEA via the LDT Project and The HEA via PRTLI 4 2. Second draft.Extent of text: 73125 words#### Publication CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a Project of University College, Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt (2011) Distributed by CELT online at University College, Cork, Ireland. Text ID Number: G502003Availability [RESTRICTED] Available with prior consent of the CELT programme for purposes of academic research and teaching only. The printed edition is now in the free domain. #### Sources **Manuscript sources**2. Dublin, Trinity College Library, 1432 olim E. 3. 3, ff. 3–16; 15th to early 16th century; scribe Diarmaid Ó Dubhagáin; patron Uilliam Ó Loingsigh. 3. Dublin, RIA, 1225 olim D ii 1 alias Book of Uí Mhaine, ff. 139–143; 14th century. (much of it was written c. 1393–4); 157 folios; scribes Ádhamh Cuisin and Faolán Mac an Ghabhann na Scéal (ob. 1423) and eight others; patron Muircheartach Ó Ceallaigh (ob. 1407), bishop of Clonfert (r. 1378–94) and subsequently archbishop of Tuam (r. 1394–1407). Known as Leabhar Uí Dhubhagáin in the seventeenth century. 4. Dublin, RIA, 536 olim 23 P 12 alias Book of Ballymote; 14th century (AD 1383x–1397). 251 folios; scribes Solamh Ó Droma, Robertus Mac Síthigh, and Maghnus Ó Duibhgeannáin (ob. 1452); patron Tomaltach Mac Donnchaidh (ob. 1397), lord of Tír Oilealla, in whose family it remained until 1522, when it was sold to Aodh Óg Ó Domhnaill, lord of Tír Chonaill. Owned by archbishop James Ussher in the seventeeth century. Later in the Library of Trinity College Dublin from which it was borrowed in 1719, never to be returned. Presented to the Royal Irish Academy in 1785. *Digital images of the manuscript can be viewed on the ISOS Project of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (http://www.isos.dias.ie/).* 5. Edinburgh, NLS, Advocates, 72.2.1 olim Gaelic I, ff. 19–29; (c. 1425). 6. Dublin, RIA, 535 olim 23 P 2 alias Book of Lecan, ff. 151–161; 14th to 15th century. (1397–1418 or a little later); 311 folios; scribes Giolla Íosa Mac Fir Bhisigh and his students, Ádhamh Ó Cuirnín and Murchadh Riabhach Ó Cuindlis; and Tomás Cam Mac Fir Bhisigh (only son of Giolla Íosa). In 1612 the MS was in the possession of Henry Perse, secretary to the lord deputy, Sir Arthur Chichester. It then passed to archbishop James Ussher and was in his library in England when he died there in 1656. It was returned to Ireland by Oliver Cromwell with Ussher's other books and some time before 1665 it was deposited in the Library of Trinity College Dublin, where it remained until the Jacobite War. Reported missing in 1702, it was certainly in France by 1703. It passed to the Irish College Paris and in 1787, at the instance of Colonel Charles Vallancey, it was presented to the Royal Irish Academy. 7. London, British Library, Egerton 88, ff. 63–76; 16th century; (ad 1564–70); scribes Domhnall (mac Aodha) Ó Duibh Dhá Bhoireann (working for himself), Maghnus Ó Duibh Dhá Bhoireann and others. 8. Dublin, Trinity College Library, 1363 olim H. 4. 22, pp. 167–98; 15th to 16th century. 9. Dublin, Trinity College Library, 1318 olim H. 2. 16 alias Yellow Book of Lecan, 504–49; 1397–1418 or a little later. **Digital images of the text**2. The book is available in pdf. format on http://www.archive.org. The copy available there was used to check the scanned text. It originates from the library of D. A. Binchy. **Literature**2. James Henthorn Todd (ed. & trans.) Can a mbunadas na nGaedel, in: idem (ed.) Leabhar breathnach annso sis: the Irish version of the Historia Britonum by Nennius (Dublin 1848) 220–287. 3. Eugene O'Curry, Lectures on the manuscript materials of ancient Irish history (New York 1861). 4. Richard Rolt Brash, The ogam inscribed monuments of the Gaedhil in the British Islands (London 1879). 5. Rudolf Thurneysen, 'Du langage secret dit ogham', Revue Celtique 7 (1886), 369–74; repr. in idem, Gesammelte Schriften, i–iii, ed. Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel & Rolf Ködderitzsch (Tübingen 1991), ii 100–5. 6. Samuel Ferguson, Ogham inscriptions in Ireland, Wales, and Scotland, Rhind Lectures on Archaeology [...] 1884, ed. Mary C. Ferguson (Edinburgh 1887). 7. Iohannes Huemer (ed), Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (Leipzig 1886). 8. Kuno Meyer, Songs of summer and winter (London 1903). 9. R. A. S. Macalister, Studies in Irish epigraphy, 3 vols. (London 1897–1907). 10. Patrick Weston Joyce, A Social History of Ancient Ireland, 2 vols (New York, London, and Bombay: Longmans, Green, & Company, 1903). 11. John [=Eoin] MacNeill, 'Notes on the distribution, history, grammar and import of the Irish ogham inscriptions', Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (C), 27 (1908–9), 329–70. 12. Heinrich Zimmer, in: Sitzungsberichte der Königl.-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Klasse, December 1910, p. 1049. 13. John [=Eoin] MacNeill, 'Early Irish population groups: their nomenclature, classification and chronology', PProceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (C), 29 (1911–2), 59–114. 14. Wallace Martin Lindsay (ed), Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum Libri, xx. (Oxford, 1911). [Available online as PDF on www.archive.org.] 15. Kuno Meyer, Über die älteste irische Dichtung, Sitzungsberichte der königl-preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1913. 16. Holger Pedersen, Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen, 2 volumes, (Göttingen 1909–1913). 17. Kuno Meyer, 'Über die Anordnung des Ogamalphabets', Sitzungsberichte der Königl.-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Klasse, 1917, 376–78. 18. Eoin MacNeill, A pioneer of nations, Studies (Dublin) 11 (1922) 13–28, 435–46. 19. Charles Plummer, 'On the meaning of ogam stones', Revue Celtique 40 (1923), 387–390. 20. Joseph Vendryes, 'Sur les noms des lettres de l'alphabet irlandais', Revue Celtique 44 (1927) 317–19. 21. Rudolf Thurneysen, Auraicept na n-Éces, Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie 17 (1928) 277–303. 22. F. C. Diack, 'The origins of the ogam alphabet', Scottish Gaelic Studies 3 (1929–31), 86–91. 23. Eoin MacNeill, 'Archaisms in the ogham inscriptions', Proc Roy Ir Acad (C) 39 (1931) 33–53. 24. Osborn J. Bergin, 'On the Kilbonane ogams', Ériu 11 (1932) 107–11. 25. Rudolf Thurneysen, Allerlei Nachträge, Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie 19 (1933) 125–33: 128–9. 26. H. Arntz, 'Das Ogom', Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache & Literatur 59 (1935) 321–413. 27. Rudolf Thurneysen, 'Zum Ogom', Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache & Literatur 61 (1937) 188–208; repr. in idem, Gesammelte Schriften, i–iii, ed. Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel & Rolf Ködderitzsch (Tübingen 1991) ii 292–312. 28. W. Keller, 'Die Entstehung des Ogom', Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache & Literatur 62 (1938) 121–32. 29. Osborn J. Bergin, The native Irish grammarian, Proc Br Acad 24 (1939), 205–35 [Rh[ycirc ]s Lecture]. 30. J. Vendryes, 'L'écriture ogamique et ses origines', Études Celtiques, 4/1 (1941) 83–116; repr. in idem, Choix d'études linguistiques et celtiques (Paris 1952) 247–76. 31. L. J. D. Richardson, 'The word ogham', Hermathena, 62 (1943) 96–105. 32. A. G. van Hamel, Primitieve Ierse taalstudie, Medeelingen d. k. Nederlandsche Akad Wetenschappen, aft letterkunde, n.r., dl. 9, nr 9 (1946), 295–339. 33. Proinsias Mac Cana, The three languages and the three laws, Studia Celtica, 5 (1970), 62–78. 34. Jack Fellman, The first mediaeval grammar of a European vernacular, Linguistics, 206 (1978), 55–6. 35. Edgar M. Slotkin, Medieval Irish scribes and fixed texts, Éigse, 7 (1978–9), 437–50. 36. Anders Ahlqvist, Les débuts de l'étude du langage en Irlande?, in: Konrad Koerner (ed.), Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science, iii, Studies in the History of Linguistics, 20 (Amsterdam 1980), 35–43. 37. Louis Holtz, Donat et la tradition de l'enseignment grammatical: études sur l'Ars Donati et sa diffusion (IVe–IXe siècle) et édition critique (Paris 1981). 38. Anders Ahlqvist, Det medeltida Irlands spr[aring ]kvetenskap, in Even Hovdhaugen (ed.), The Nordic languages and modern linguistics: proceedings of the fourth international conference of Nordic and general linguistics in Oslo 1980 (Oslo, 1981) 202–11. 39. Liam Breatnach, The caldron of poesy, Ériu 32 (1981) 45–93. 40. Anders Ahlqvist, The Early Irish Linguist (Helsinki 1983). 41. Liam Breatnach, Addenda and corrigenda to the 'Caldron of poesy' (Ériu xxxii 45–93), Ériu 35 (1984) 189–91. 42. Anders Ahlqvist, Téarmaíocht ghramadaí na Gaeilge, Studia Hibernica 24 (1984–88), 89–96. 43. Anders Ahlqvist, The study of language in early Ireland, Neuphilol Mitt 85 (1985) 246–57. 44. Diego Poli, La metafora di Babele e le partitiones nella teoria grammaticale irlandese dell' Auricept na n-Éces, in Diego Poli (ed.), Episteme: in ricordo di Giorgio Raimondo Cardona, Quaderni Linguistici e Filologici, 4 (Macerata 1986–9) 179–97. 45. Anders Ahlqvist, An Irish text on the letters of the alphabet, in A. M. Simon-Vandenbergen (ed.), Studies in honour of René Derolez (Ghent 1987), 3–16. 46. Anders Ahlqvist, Latin grammar and native learning, in: Donnchadh Ó Corráin, Liam Breatnach & Kim McCone (eds.), Sages, saints and storytellers: Celtic Studies in honour of Professor James Carney (Maynooth 1989) 1–6. 47. Damian MacManus, A Guide to Ogam (Maynooth 1991). 48. Andrew Garrett, 'On the prosodic phonology of ogam Irish', Ériu 50 (1991), 139–160. 49. V. P. Kalyguine, Quelques aspects mythologiques de la tradition grammaticale vieil-irlandaise, Études Celtiques 29 (1992) 241–8. 50. Erich Poppe, Natural and artificial gender in Auraicept na n-Éces, Studia Hibernica 29 (1995–7), 195–203. 51. Erich Poppe, Die mittelalterliche irische Abhandlung Auraicept na nÉces und ihr geistesgeschichtlicher Standort, in K. D. Dutz & H.-J. Niederehe (eds.), Theorie und Rekonstruktion (Münster 1996), 55–74. 52. Erich Poppe, 'Latinate Terminology in Auraicept na nÉces', in: History of Linguistics 1996, vol. 1: Traditions in Linguistics Worldwide. Eds. David Cram, Andrew Linn, Elke Nowak. (Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 1999, 191–201). 53. Rijcklof Hofmann, 'The Irish tradition of Priscian', in: Mario de Nonno, Paolo de Paolis & Louis Holtz (eds.), Manuscripts and tradition of grammatical texts from antiquity to the renaissance, 2 vols, (Cassino 2000), i 257–83: 278–85. 54. Erich Poppe, 'The Latin quotations in Auraicept na nÉces: microtexts and their transmission', in: Próinséas Ní Chatháin & Michael Richter (eds.), Ireland and Europe in the early middle ages: texts and transmission (Dublin 2002), 296–312. 55. Pierre-Yves Lambert, 'Les Differentiae dans la littérature irlandaise ancienne', in: Pierre Lardet (ed.), La tradition vive: mélanges d'histoire des textes en l'honneur de Louis Holtz, Bibliologia: Elementa ad librorum studia pertinentia, 20 (Paris & Turnhout 2003) 107–18: 116–8. 56. Johan Corthals, 'Stimme, Atem und Dichtung: aus einem altirischen Lehrbuch für Dichterschüler (Uraicept na mac sésa)', in Helmut Birkhan (ed.), Kelteneinfälle an der Donau: Akten des vierten Symposiums deutschsprachiger Keltologinnen und Keltologen, Linz-Donau, 17–21. Juli 2005 (Vienna 2007) 124–47. 57. Roisin McLaughlin, 'Fénius Farsaid and the Alphabets', Ériu 59 (2009) 1–24. 58. Richard M. A. Marshall, Studies on the 'Ars Grammatici Sergi{li}i' Journal of Medieval Latin 20 (2010) 167–231 [with an edition, a discussion of writing, and references to the 'Auraicept']. 59. Deborah Hayden, 'Poetic Law and the Medieval Irish Linguist: Contextualizing the Vices and Virtues of Verse Composition in Auraicept na nÉces', Language and History 54:1 (May 2011) 1–34. **The edition used in the digital edition**2. Auraicept na n-éces: the scholars' primer: being the texts of the Ogham tract from the Book of Ballymote and the Yellow book of Lecan, and the text of the Trefhocul from the Book of Leinster, ed. from eight manuscripts, with introduction, translation of the Ballymote text, notes, and indices by George Calder. George Calder (ed), First edition [lvi + 374 pp. Preface, Contents xi, MSS Transcribed or Collated xiii, Authorities Referred to or Quoted xv, Introduction xix–lvi, 1. Text with [facing] Translation 2–169; Text Untranslated 171–257; Trefhocul with Examples 258–269; De Duilib Feda 270–271; Ogam. Prologue and Examples, with [facing] Translation 272–299; Photographs of Ogham Alphabets, with Transcript of the Interlinear Explanations and Translation thereof 300–313; Glossarial Index 315–361; Index of Places, Tribes, and Nations 362–367; Index of Persons 368–374.] John Grant Edinburgh, 31 George IV Bridge (1917) ### Encoding #### Project Description CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts #### Sampling Declaration The present text represents the editor's introduction (xix–liii), the text on even pages 2–168; pages 172–257 in sequence; and even pages 272–298 of the volume. Pages 258 to 271 with Trefhocul and Duilib Feda have not been captured. [The Trefhocul is reproduced in the Book of Leinster, vol. 1, file G800011A on CELT.] All translation, footnoted variants, notes, indexes, line-drawings representing Ogam characters and images have been omitted in this edition. (Please see PDF version for these.) It is hoped to include the inline Ogam characters in the near future. Missing text supplied by the editor is tagged *sup*. Expansions to the text are marked *ex*. Bold face appearing in Calder's edition has not been been reproduced; readers wishing to view it are asked to refer to the PDF version. #### Editorial Declaration ##### Correction Text has been checked and proofread twice at CELT. All corrections and supplied text are tagged. Text in Latin is marked as such. ##### Normalization The electronic text represents the edited text. Poems have been encoded as embedded texts. Numbered line-breaks occur every 5 lines. In the printed edition these appear to the right of the text, i. e. they refer to the preceding line. The foliation of the various manuscripts is encoded using mls. The Greek letters alpha/beta used within folio pagination have been rendered as a/b. ##### Hyphenation Soft hyphens are silently removed. When a hyphenated word (hard or soft) crosses a page-break, a line-break, or a milestone, this break is marked after the completion of the hyphenated word. 'Orphaned' line-breaks may ocasionally arise from this practice. ##### Segmentation div0=the primer; div1=the section; stanzas are marked lg. ##### Interpretation Names of persons (given names), and places are not tagged. Terms for cultural and social roles are not tagged. #### Canonical References This text uses the DIV1 element to represent the section. ### Profile Description Created: Created by Irish monks in monastic scriptoria. Date range: 900–1200.#### Use of language ##### Language: [GA] The text is in Middle Irish. ##### Language: [EN] The front matter and introduction are in English. ##### Language: [DE] Quotations in German occur in the introduction. ##### Language: [CY] Some words in the introduction are in Welsh. ##### Language: [LA] Some formulaic words are in Latin. ##### Language: [IW] Some letters and words are in Hebrew. ##### Language: [GR] Some words are in Ancient Greek. ### Revision History * (2011-12-06) Beatrix Färber (ed.) * Minor text corrections and encoding revisions in line with English companion file; encoding for bold typeface added. File uploaded * (2011-11-08) Beatrix Färber (ed.) * Introduction (xxxiv to liii) proofed (2); more structural and content encoding applied. * (2011-09-23) Sara Sponholz (ed.) * Introduction proofed (1) and encoded (xxxv-liii) for structure and content. * (2011-07) Beatrix Färber (ed.) * More bibliographic details added, introduction captured, proofed (1) and encoded (xix-xxxiv) for structure and content. * (2011-06-01) Beatrix Färber (ed.) * Proofing finished; file reparsed; header modified, provisional SGML and HTML versions created. * (2011-02-21) Beatrix Färber (ed.) * File proofing (1) begun; added to existing markup in line with CELT practice: supplied text and variants (in body of text) encoded; page-breaks added; Latin text marked up; divisions added; paragraph encoding edited; poetry encoded; more structural and content markup applied. * (2011-02-16) Beatrix Färber (ed.) * DTD details modified; page-breaks and manuscript milestones added; file parsed. * (2010-02-07) Beatrix Färber (ed.) * Header created; file parsed. * (2007) Donnchadh Ó Corráin (ed.) * Bibliographical details contributed. * (2005-09) Data capture company (data capture/ed.) * File captured, basic XML markup applied. --- #### Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition: G502003 ### Auraicept na n-Éces: Author: [unknown] ### List of witnesses * **BB**: Dublin, RIA, 536 olim 23 P 12 alias Book of Ballymote. * **E**: Edinburgh, NLS, Advocates, 72.2.1 olim Gaelic I. * **L**: Dublin, RIA, 535 olim 23 P 2 alias Book of Lecan, ff. 151–161. * **Eg**: London, British Library, Egerton 88, ff. 63–76; --- p.xix ### Introduction The Handbook of the Learned, here edited for the first time, is a work that opens up many questions. **Éces** is often equivalent to **fili**. **Filidecht** covered the whole field of poetry, romance, history, biography, geography, grammar, antiquities, and law. The poet-jurist, who, seated, gave judgments in verse, is probably referred to at lines 407,8. The Auraicept treats chiefly of the Ogham alphabet and grammar, but if the Trefhocul be included, it treats also of poetry in the strict sense. The poets,**filid**, were a guild, making their own special laws,and exercising discipline upon their own members (2193). They claimed and used the right to quarter themselves and their retinue upon society (2221), and they exacted a fixed sum for their poetic compositions. In general this was cheerfully paid; the means for enforcing unwilling payment was satire. The exercise of this potent weapon was moderated by rule (1935), certain forms of satire, such as **tamall n-aire** (1932), being forbidden in the Trefhocul; and though the poets have been abolished by law for over a century, even at this day in certain districts the phrase, **dheanamh aoir air**, to satirise one, is not without its terrors. The poets were a secret society with a language peculiar and intelligible to themselves only. According to their literary tradition **Fenius**, at their request, devised this language for them (195), and its obscurity was essential (21). --- p.xx The people often rose up against the poets and attempted to repudiate their claims. One such rising was that at Drumketta, A.D. 590 (1472). About that time they numbered 15,000. Owing to the advocacy of St Columba, himself a **fili**, they were suffered to continue, but under restrictions. The **filid** were a strictly professional class, undergoing a rigorous training to fit them for their position. The bards, on the other hand, were unprofessional, and more or less untrained, but they practised a large number of metres in which the **filid** also were required to become proficient. The following tables (cf. the later scheme in Joyce's Social Hist., i. 430), will show what place the Auraicept occupied in their studies. The Fili, his Rank, Name, and Compositions, with the Rewards therefor, and his Retinue (2219–2254). | Rank | Name | Metre | Reward | Retinue at feasts | Ret. on circuit | Ret. ordinarily | Ret. at poetic feasts/contests | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | I. | **ollam** | **anamain** | a chariot (=one bondmaid) | 24 | 8 | 12 | 10 | | II. | **anrad** | **nath** | five cows | 12 | 6 | 5 | 8 | | III. | **clí** | **anair** | four cows | 8 | 5 | 4 | 6 | | IV. | **cano** | **emain** | one horse (=two cows) | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | | V. | **doss** | **láid** | one milch cow | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | VI. | **macfuirmid** | **setrad** | one cow-in-calf | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | VII. | **foclóc** | **dían** | one three-year-old heifer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1(?) | --- p.xxi The Yearly Studies of the **Fili**. Each year included the studies of all preceding years. | Year | Name | *Studies covered* | | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **foclóc** | l. oghum, besides regular oghum; the Auraicept with its prologue and with its flexions; l. drécht, vi. dían. | | 2 | **macfuirmid** | l. oghum, besides usual oghum; vi. detailed lessons of filidecht; xxx. drécht; x. setrada, senamain, and snaithe senamna. | | 3 | **doss** | l. oghum, besides ebadach nIlmain; vi. other detailed lessons of filidecht; xl. drécht; xvi. láid. | | 4 | **cano** | l. drécht; l. bretha nemid; xx. emain. | | 5 | **clí** | lx. drécht; xxx. anair; xxx. iarmberla. | | 6 | **anrad** | lxx. drécht; lxxx. nath mór; lxxx. nath becc & berla na filed. | | 7 | **ollam** | brosnacha suad, i.e. the bard metres which the poet ought to know, for that is the poet's lesson of the seventh year; e.g. l. divisions of brosnacha, i.e. dechnad mór, and two species of nedchnad mór are there reckoned, viz. sned and trebrad. | | 8 | ... | fiscomarca filed .i. dúili berla & clethchor choem & reicne roscadach & láide .i. tenmláida & immas forosnai & dichetal do chennaib na tuaithe & dinshenchus, and all the principal tales of Ireland in order to relate them to the kings, lords, and gentlemen. For the **fili** is not yet perfect. | | 9, 10 | ... | xl. sennath .i. ; xv. luasca & vii. ena; eochraid of lx. words with metres and xiv. srotha and vi. dúili feda. | | 11 | ... | l. anamain mór l. anamain becc. | | 12 | ... | cxx. rochetal; iiii. cerda, i. e. cerd of Ladchend mic Bairchida, & cerd hi Chota & cerd hui Bicni, & cerd Béci. | --- p.xxii A brief study of the Auraicept is sufficient to convince one that the leading extraneous source is the Latin Grammarians. Some of them are cited by name, Priscian (A.D. 450), Donatus (A.D. 350), Pompeius, and Consentius. If it be urged that the quotations from these authors are a late addition to the Auraicept by way of learned illustration, it is answered that in any case the general setting of the matter follows closely the didactic style of the grammarians, as the following examples, occurring passim, will show:— Quaestio est, Gr. Lat. v. 537, 16, 29; 541, 20, 32. cest, Aur. 9, 57. Ouaesitum est, v. 228, 18, Quaeritur, v. 165, 27; 210, 38, De qua quaeritur, Origg, xvi. 10, 2 conagar, Aur. 1019, 1375. ut sciam, v. 195, 19. ut scias, v. 121, 15, 18; 173, 18: co fesear, Aur. 1577. ut sciamus, v. 10, 16. sciendum est, v. 180, 32: is soigti Aur. 3508, is fisid 3523. scire debemus, v. 277, 30. scire debes, v. 142, 15. The matter itself of the Auraicept is largely identical with that treated of by the Latin Grammarians in their early chapters—the alphabet, classification of letters, sounds and syllables, consonant and vowel changes, gender and declension of nouns, comparison of adjectives, prepositions governing dative and accusative cases, the accent, artificial and natural, genus and species, and a few other incidental points. The omissions are almost equally significant. There is no classification of declensions, no declension of adjectives which are tacitly included with the substantives, no treatment of pronouns except as tokens of gender (aurlonn, 585), or as emphasised by féin = met (726), and --- p.xxiii the whole accidence of the verb is wanting. The similarity between Latin and Gaelic failed at this point. The paradigm of the verb is tentative and native (304, 653). An endeavour is made to show that, while there is a correspondence in meaning between the two languages, Gaelic is the more comprehensive (1081). The language is Middle Irish, but the basis, which has been much worked over, all belongs to the Old Irish period. The composition consists of Text and Commentary, the latter forming the great bulk of the work. The text is the oldest portion; the commentary, in parts as old as the text, was in a process of continuous growth. The text, written in a large hand in most MSS., is printed in leaded type. BB, here followed, curtails the text. The Book of Lecan and T. make a much larger delineation of text. The question as to what is text and what is commentary will require further study for a satisfactory solution, but it may be here remarked that much of the primary material is embodied in the tract in the ordinary hand of the commentary so as to be indistinguishable from the commentary at sight, and that the commentary itself occasionally points to the text by the use of such expressions as Cid ara tuc-somh (97), Cid ara n-ebairt (378, 484, 512, 385), intan roraidh (421), ata acht lem (2973), amal asbert i curp in libuir (173, 241) where corp in libuir always means the text of the book under comment. Another but a rather uncertain criterion is this. A passage which does not occur by way of commentary on any previous quotation, but which is itself made the subject of commentary, is in a sense primary material, though not necessarily so old as the principal text on which the commentary is written. The use of conagar is generally to introduce commentary even though the passage so introduced is itself subjected to --- p.xxiv comment. In a word, there is a primary commentary used to explain the original text, and a secondary commentary developing the content of the primary commentary (e.g., 1072 on 1068, 1637 on 1515). The etymological glosswork belongs to this last stage, and is incorporated without any regard to the context. The language even of the commentary is based on Old Irish usage. It explicitly recognises three genders in substantives and pronouns. In it **airdíbdad** (1264) means the silencing of the consonants, *f* and *s.* In later usage this term becomes **airdibad, urdubad** (**uirdhiughadh**, O'Molloy, Grammatica Latino-Hibernica 61), and denotes eclipsis, **obnubilatio**. The tract before us takes no account of eclipsis. At the time the tract was written the combinations *mb, nd,* had evidently not yet become assimilated (but cf. Nembroth, Nemruad). For, if such assimilations had taken place, an account would have been given of the phenomenon under such questions as ‘What two consonants have the force of one consonant?’ (1375). As regards *ng* initial, the evidence is not so clear. The nasal infection may have produced *(ng+g)* and not *ng* simply (255). On the other hand the combination is an Ogham letter (442)—but even vowels of diphthongs were pronounced separately (1430)—and is, considered along with the example, uingi (4926), curiously suggestive of: NT. *N Latinum adiuncto Gamma Graeco significat semiunciam.’’* Origg. xvi. 27, 4. The scheme of declension, also, distinguishes clearly between dative and accusative after prepositions (1651, 1770), a distinction not uniformly or often observed in Middle Irish, though a much later tract draws a distinction between acc. after a preposition importing motion, siubhal, and dat. after a preposition importing rest, comhnaidhe --- p.xxv ( Ériu, 8. 17, [sect ] 72, 73). This last, however, may be merely a grammatical recrudescence, or an imitation of Latin. A few sporadic examples of Old Irish are here added:— 1. The article. *nominative plural* m. in muite 447, in taebomna tuissecha 918, in tri focail 2018, but ainm n., has art. *nominative plural* m. ind anmanda 4828. *nominative plural* f. inna iiii. aipgitri-sea 1132. For article developed from projected n., v. condelc, etargoire n-inchoisc 647, in incoisc 641. 2. NOUN Stems. A. o-stems: *nominative plural* n. araile crand 1149. B. io-stems: *nominative singular* n. a mberla sain 1044. *dative singular* oc nach ailiu 1044; *accusative singular* fria araill 3106, ar araill 5613; gan araill 3105. *nominative singular* & araill 3410; 'nas i n-aill 1272. quam i n-aill 4593, 4579 no da fhir-inaill 338. C. n-stem: gach reim n-olc 2177. 3. NUMERALS: teora, ceitheora 4708, 3747, cf. 872. 4. THE Verb: ailsius 5319, adrodamas 135; copula verb, arnid 693, nadat 4588. As to the native elements, we are told that **Cenn Faelad**—in English Kinealy—wrote the Prologue (80). As this preface is not likely to have been omitted by the compilers of the extant tract, one concludes that this must be the actual introduction (1–62). This view is confirmed by the displacement in version ii. of the section (63–78) which is the work of a ommentator of **Cenn Faelad**; also by the particle tra in the first sentence quoted from **Cenn Faelad**, which follows the introduction in both versions. --- p.xxvi There are four authors of the Auraicept proper, **Cenn Faelad**, **Ferchertne**, **Amergen**, and **Fenius**. The excerpts from the Book of Cenn Faelad deal with: The origin of Gaelic (100). Divisions of the Latin alphabet (312), and of the Irish alphabet (392), Latin and Irish treatment of semivowels contrasted (445). Genders in Irish (520). Degrees of comparison in Latin, and qualitative and quantitative distinctions in Irish (639). The excerpts from the Book of Ferchertne deal with: The seven elements of speech in Irish (739), and The formation and powers of Ogham letters (943). There is a long excerpt from the Book of Amergen dealing with: the origin of Goedelg (1034). This passage is of earher date and language than the general run of the tract. In substance it is an alternative prologue. The excerpts from the Book of Fenius (1102) deal with: The alphabets of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin (1129), hence probably the ascription to **Fenius** who was learned in those languages (160), and contemporary with the Exodus (1104). Verse feet or syllabic content of Irish words (1213). Consonant changes (1264). The five kinds of Irish (1302). The twenty-five inflections (1515). What is alt? (1577). The end of the text of the Auraicept is noted (1636). Besides those four ancient books cited, the Book of Cenn Faelad, the Book of Ferchertne (735), the Book of Amergen (1028), the Book of Fenius, Iair mac Nema, and Gaedel mac Ethiuir (1102), two others are mentioned, the Dúile Feda (5416), of which the Ogham tract is perhaps an expansion, --- p.xxvii and the Cin Ollaman (1204, 4385) possibly an early form of the tract on Metrics. The quotations from the first four books are set forth as usual in large hand; but possibly other passages from them are embodied in the commentary in the normal hand. For wherever a passage in the commentary is afterwards explained in detail with the usual artificial etymologies, this is an indication that the passage probably belonged originally to the ancient text. While the ascription of the Book of Cenn Faelad is probably genuine, the same cannot be said of the Books of **Ferchertne**, **Amergen**, and **Fenius**. The quotations may be from writings approximately of the time of **Cenn Faelad**, but of unknown authorship. A commentator (1019–1027) takes the view that the work of these authors were successive steps leading up to the grand consummation, the Trefhocul. By the statement also of a commentator that ‘what is first according to book order was invented last, to wit, the Book of Cenn Faelad’ (66) may be meant that this author co-ordinated all the ancient material, and presented it as it now stands. This view is upheld by another commentator who says that **Ferchertne** composed the Auraicept but **Cenn Faelad** rewrote it, or copied it, along with the greater part of Scripture (2638). There seems no reason to question the ascription of the Book of Cenn Faelad to the author of that name. He is a well authenticated person. He died A.D. 679. His pedigree is found in the genealogy of the **Cenél n-Eogain**. His poems, dealing to a large extent with the wars of his kinsfolk, the Northern Uí Néill, are quoted largely in the annals. The curious tradition about his ‘brain of forgetfulness’ (77) had no doubt a foundation in fact. Possibly he got a good education in youth, but developed a ‘brain of forgetfulness’ by turning from learning to soldiering. He certainly fought in the battle of Moira A.D. 637, where he was wounded. --- p.xxviii Returning again to civil life and his early pursuits, ‘poetry, words, and reading’ (78), he laid the foundation of that reputation which as ‘**Cenn Faelad**, the Learned’ he still enjoys (**O'Curry**, Lectures). His period as an author therefore extends over the forty-two years between the battle of Moira and his death, and quotations from him must take rank among the oldest dated specimens of the language. But he refers to still older Irish writers, augdair na n-Gaideal (79), who wrote on the subject of Irish grammar, or of Irish origins. He may refer to such works as the Irish Chronicon Eusebii ( Ériu 7, 62) which came down to A.D. 609, and of which the lost portion at the beginning may well have contained the story of **Fenius**. Writing in 603, S. Columbanus refers to ‘antiqui philosophi Hiberniae’ as experts in chronography. Thus that earlier than the seventh century a state of learning existed which was held in esteem by the writers of that century is proved, though the direct products of that earlier learning are no longer extant. If we assume **Cenn Faelad** to be really the author, and therefore that the Auraicept was begun about the middle of the seventh century, how did it happen that while the other Western nations were sunk in ignorance, the Irish enjoyed the light of learning? **Zimmer** ( Sitzungsberichte der Königl.-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Dec. 1910, p. 1049) quoting the passage in Aur. 1859–1876 puts the question with great force: ‘Das sind die ‘Elemente der Kasus- und Numeruslehre,’, wie man sie als Teil des über viele lahre sich erstreckenden Studiums der irischen **fili** (Grammatiker, Metriker, Antiquare und professionsmässiger Dichter) in den nationalen Schulen Irlands traktierte, als Klemens der Ire an der Hofschule Karls des Grossen jungen Franken das abc beibrachte, als Dicuil in St Denis, Dungal in Pavia, Sedulius in Lüttich und Metz, Moengal in St Gallen, Johannes Scottus an der Hofschule Karls des Kahlen tätig waren; durch diesen --- p.xxix Unterricht ist Cormac mac Cuilennáin gegangen (gest. 908), der nebenbei ganz austándige Kenntnis im Latein, Griechisch, Hebráisch, Altnordisch, Angelsächsisch und Kymrisch besass.’ The high tide of learning at a very early period in ancient Ireland was beyond a doubt caused by the influx of learned men from the Continent. In his researches **Zimmer** came upon this passage: ‘Huni, qui ex nephario concubitu progeniti sunt, scilicet demonum, postquam praeheunte caterva viam invenerunt per Meotides paludes, invaserunt Cothos quos nimium terruerunt ex improviso monstro quod in illis erat. Et ab his depopulatio totius imperii exordium sumpsit, quae ab Unis et Guandelis, Gotis et Alanis peracta est, sub quorum vastatione omnes sapientes cismarini fugam ceperunt, et in transmarinis, videlicet in Hibernia, et quocunque se receperunt maximum profectum sapientiae incolis iliarum regionum adhibuerunt.’ The first part of this statement relating to the Huns is taken from **Jordanis**, who wrote about A.D. 550, and fixes approximately the date of the depopulation of the empire and the rush of learned men into Ireland. We may assume that the migration had already continued for a time before this account was written. The intercourse between Ireland and the continent was certainly kept up. Three centuries later we have this testimony respecting the ‘Natio Scottorum quibus consuetudo peregrinandi jam paene in naturam conversa est. Quid Hiberniam memorem, contempto pelagi discrimine, paene totam cum grege philosophorum ad littora nostra migrantem!’—( Sitzungsberichte der Königl.-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1910, p. 1080). **Zimmer** with great learning, breadth of view, and --- p.xxx mastery of detail builds upon these facts a history at once picturesque and surprising. Stated briefly his hypotheses amount to this. The exodus from Gaul to Ireland (A.D. 419–507) was caused by the Homoousian persecution. Aquitania and the modern Baskish territory suffered like other parts, and Ireland was then the only haven of orthodoxy. Among the refugees from that region was the ‘fatuus homunculus’ who was so called by his fellow-countryman the deacon Ennodius (A.D. 473–521) but who called himself **Virgilius Maro, Grammaticus**. He found an asylum with a native prince as was the fashion for learned men in those days, settled, and taught grammar, nay more, gained for himself fame, recognition, and a place among the native poets, being in fact none other than **Ferchertne fili**. The Auraicept bears abundant evidence of the influence of two Latin authors, **Isidore** and **Maro**. The latter **Zimmer** laboured to identify with **Ferchertne fili**. It can be shown that the Auraicept lends no support to this proposed identification. This **Ferchertne fili** ( *ZCP* 3, 13) is described in the tract as a contemporary of Conchobar mac Nessa (736), who, whatever reckoning be adopted, lived somewhere about the second century (cf. AU 484). According to this chronology, therefore, the identification of **Ferchertne fili** and **Maro** would place the latter at least a couple of centuries before his known **floruit**. Again the matter treated of by **Ferchertne fili**—the seven elements of speech in Irish, and the formation and powers of Ogham letters—does not correspond to anything in **Maro**'s pages. If it be proved also that, while **Isidore**'s influence is felt chiefly in the earlier part of the Auraicept, **Maro**'s influence is confined entirely to the later, **Zimmer**'s main contention that **Maro** was **Ferchertne fili** cannot succeed. Several centuries lay between the inception of the Auraicept and its close. --- p.xxxi **Maro**'s tract had a profound influence on the Auraicept, but none on its early stages. According to internal evidence **Cenn Faelad** wrote the part ascribed to him about the middle or second half of the seventh century. That is the superior limit. The inferior limit lies in the eleventh century, or perhaps the tenth, and is determined generally by two facts—(i) that the Auraicept is found in two families of MSS., the variations in which postulate many generations of scribes, and (2) the immense development which has taken place in the tract itself as it has advanced from crude statements to a prosody which is exceedingly complicated and difficult. But the argument does not rest entirely on general considerations. The second text (3382) quotes native grammarians by name, **Ua Bruic**, **Ua Coindi**, **Ua Coirill** and **Ua Finn** (3391). They are named by their surnames (each being the acknowledged head of his family), a usage that is not found earlier than the tenth century, one of the earliest instances being that of Ua Ruairc, AU 953. **Ua Coirill** mentioned above may have been the professor of law and history, who died AU1083. Hence the Auraicept was not completed before the middle of the tenth century, perhaps not till towards the end of the eleventh, when **Maro**'s influence is still in evidence. Let us now look at some excerpts from the works of the two Latin authors, **Isidore** and **Maro**. I. **Isidore of Seville**, who died A.D. 636. His Etymologiae or Origines in twenty books contain a vast amount of information of such a sort that one finds it impossible to resist the conclusion that the compilers of the Auraicept had this document before them. At least that **Cenn Faelad** and **Isidore** drew matter from a common --- p.xxxii source is a certainty, for the facts (or alleged facts) and the phraseology are the same. If we keep in mind that **Isidore** died the year before the battle of Moira, and that after that event **Cenn Faelad** began and pursued his studies with such success that he was popularly supposed to forget nothing (so one may interpret the words), and if we remember further that there was a constant coming and going of learned men, and a steady exchange of books between the continent and Ireland, there is no inherent improbability in the supposition that **Cenn Faelad** assimilated some of his material from the Origines published perhaps some twenty years before. True, the name of **Isidore** does not occur in the Auraicept, but no more does that of **Eusebius** from whom he probably made extracts, nor that of **Luccreth Mocu **Chiara**** ( Älteste irische Dichtung, p. 51), from whose poem the passage about the seventy-two races ( Aur. 215–227) was certainly taken. There being no difficulty as to date or the omission of a name, full weight may be allowed to any other considerations tending to connect the two authors. The following quotations from many books of the Origines show how much the Auraicept was indebted to that source both in general structure and in detail. Some references demonstrate that the Irish and Ireland were not unfamiliar to **Isidore**, at least as an author: *Horrent et male tecti cum latratoribus linguis Scotti.’’* Origg. xix. 23, 6. *Scotia idem et Hibernia proximae *Brittaniae* insula, spatio terrarum angustior, sed situ fecundior. Haec ab Africo in Boream porrigitur. Cujus partes priores Hiberiam et Cantabricum Oceanum intendunt, unde et Hibernia dicta: Scotia autem, quod ab Scotorum gentibus colitur, appellata.’’* Origg. xiv. 6, 6. --- p.xxxiii Time, place, person, and cause of writing ( Aur. 63, 735, 1029), define the general plan and treatment of a subject, and are usually found in the íntroduction to any serious work in Irish. *Iam vero in elocutionibus illud uti oportebit, ut res, locus, tempus, persona audientis efflagitat.’’* Origg. ii. 16, 1. The cradle of letters was in Achaia, or by projection of *d* from art., Dacia, or by early French pronunciation, Asia. *Ubi fuit Athenae civitas.’’* Origg. xiv. 4, 10. *Apud Eotenam (uel Athena) civitatem.’’* Aur.. 214. *Fuit autem Isis regina Aegyptiorum, Inachis regis filia, quae de Graecia veniens Aegyptios litteras docuit.’’* Origg. viii. 11, 84. These sentences show that, unless the Biblical Accad was introduced from some other source, Achaia (251) was probably the original reading; but the possibility that Achaia lay in Maeotidis Paludibus ( *ZCP* 10 126) must not be overlooked. *Namque omnium ferocissumi ad hoc tempus Achaei atque Tauri sunt, quod, quantum conjicio, locorum egestate rapto vivere coacti.’’* Glossae Juvenalis (Sall. Fragmenta). Authority, written authority, ugdaracht (131), perhaps includes the following authors of whom, however, only two, Moses and Hieronymus (q.v.), are mentioned by name: Moyses, Dares Phrygius, Herodotus, Pherecydes. *Vnde Sallustius ex historia, Livius, Eusebius et Hieronymus ex annalibus et historia constant.’’* Origg. i. 42; 44, 4. What are the names of the seventy-two races from which the many languages were learnt? (215, 263): *Gentes autem a quibus divisa est terra, quindecim sunt de Japhet, triginta et una de Cham, viginti et --- p.xxxiv septem de Sem, quae fiunt septuaginta tres, vel potius, ut ratio declarat, septuaginta duae; totidemque linguae, quae per terras esse coeperunt, quaeque crescendo provincias et insulas impleverunt.’’* Origg. ix. 2, 2. In definition a bias existed towards the heptad or the octave, Aur. 639, 739. *De septem liberalibus disciplinis. Grammatica dialectica, etc.,’’* Aur.. 51.—Origg. i. 2, 1. Occasionally individual words are closely defined: *Materia inde dicitur omne lignum quod ex ea aliquid efficiatur.’’* Origg. xix. 19, 4. Fid, Aur. 943, cf. later the use of adbar. The importance of Hebrew is insisted on: *Illa lingua quae ante diluvium omnium una fuit, quae Hebraea nuncupatur.’’* Origg. xii. 1, 2. The Hebrew language was in the world first and it will remain after doomsday (190). *Item quaeritur qua lingua in futurum homines loquantur.’’* Origg. ix. 1, 13. The following passage explains why Gaelic was deemed a worldly speech (46), not being one of the three sacred tongues in which was written the superscription on the cross (165). *Linguarum diversitas exorta est in aedificatione turris post diluvium. Nam priusquam superbia turris illius in diversos signorum sonos humanam divideret societatem, una omnium nationum lingua fuit, quae Hebraea vocatur. Initio autem quot gentes, tot linguae fuerunt, deinde plures gentes. Tres sunt autem linguae sacrae: Hebraea, Graeca, Latina quae toto orbe maxime excellunt. His enim tribus linguis super crucem Domini a Pilato fuit causa eius scripta.’’* Origg. ix. 1–3. --- p.xxxv The early Irish rhythmical alliterative poetry, e.g.— arnin arding [d]éd, forsail for fot fedair, dinin disail for gair gabhaidh (1546), extending up to and running into the eighth century, might almost be defined by the words: *Huic adhaeret rythmus, qui non est certo fine moderatus, sed tamen rationabiliter ordinatis pedibus currit; qui Latine nihil aliud quam numerus dicitur.’’* Origg. i. 39, 3. A verse of dithyramb or metrical rhythm is to be measured by a breath of the poet, five words to each breath (930). *Periodos autem longior esse non debet quam ut uno spiritu proferatur.’’* Origg. ii. 18, 2. Grammatical questions as to gender and comparison of adjectives find a like expression in Latin and Gaelic: *Neutrum dictum quia nec hoc nec illud, id est nec masculinum nec femininum.’’* Origg. i. 7, 28; Aur.. 614. *Octo autem modis conparatio analogiae colligitur: id est qualitate, conparatione, genere, numero, figura, casu, extremitatibus similium syllabarum, et similitudine temporum.’’* Origg. i. 28, i; Aur.. 639. *Non est maius nisi ad minus referatur. Sic et parvum opponitur magno ita ut ipsud parvum ad magnum, cui opponitur, sit parvum.’’* Origg. ii. 31, 4, 5; Aur.. 676. *Inde Ponticus sinus amplissimus a tergo Maeotidis paludibus; quod mare ex multitudine fluminum dulcius quam cetera.’’* Sallust, quoted by Priscian, Macrobius, Servius, and Origg. xiii. 16, 4. *in dulci aqua’’* xii. 6, 56; *sive salsae sint sive dulces.’’* xiii. 14, 1; Aur.. 730. --- p.xxxvi Artificial etymologies carry their influence into the Gaelic text; vir is derived from víres, mulier from mollities, fémina from fémur: *Vir nuncupatus, quia maior in eo vis est quam in feminis.’’* Origg. xi. 2, 17; Aur.. 605. *Mulier vero a mollitie, tanquam mollier, detracta littera vel mutata, appellata est mulier.’’Origg. xi. 2, 18;* cf. *femina de flescda no maithchnechas,’’ Aur.. 610.* *Femora dicta sunt, quod ea parte a femina sexus viri discrepet. Sunt autem ab inguinibus usque ad genua. Femina autem per derivationem femorum partes sunt, quibus in equitando tergis equorum adhaeremus.’’* Origg. xi, 1, 106. *Femina vero a partibus femorum dicta ubi sexus species a viro distinguitur.’’* Origg. xi. 2, 24; Aur.. 608. Consonants, semi-vowels, and mutes are treated similarly in the Gaelic and the Latin texts: *Et vocatae consonantes quia per se non sonant sed iunctis vocalibus consonant. Haec in duabus partibus dividuntur: in semivocalibus et in mutis. Semivocales dictas eo, quod quiddam semis de vocalibus habeant.’’* *Mutae autem dictae quia nisi subiectis sibi vocalibus nequaquam erumpunt.’’Origg. i. 4, 3, 4; cf. Aur.. 358 et seq.; 367 et seq.; 468 et seq.* *Vnde et legitimae nominantur illa ratione, scilicet vel quod ab E vocali incipiunt et in mutum sonum desinunt, ut sunt consonantes, vel quod a suo sono incipiunt et in vocalem E desinunt ut sunt mutae.’’Origg. i. 4, 10; Aur.. 488.* The active and the passive of verbs: Etargaire persainni i ngnim (651); i cessadh (653). *In persona verbi agentis et patientis significatio est.’’* Origg. i. 9, 1. --- p.xxxvii The Origines contain well-known quotations (and the above may be of this sort): *Litterae autem dictae quasi legiterae, quod iter legentibus praestent, vel quod in legendo iterentur.’’* Origg. i. 3, 3; Aur.. 360. Some quotations are hard to find elsewhere: *Nam unum semen numeri esse, non numerum.’’* Origg. iii. 3, 1; Aur.. 688. It is not time that is divided but our actions (93). *Nam tempus per se non intellegitur, nisi per actus humanos.’’* Origg. v. 31, 9. These references I have not found.— Aur. 464, 517, 728. The foregoing quotations are found in the portion of the Auraicept attributed to **Cenn Faelad**. They occur not only in commentary but often in the structure of the composition. Hence the conclusion that **Cenn Faelad** had before him the Origines or a document based thereon, and closely resembling it, is amply justified. The use of the Origines is continued in the Gaelic text, after the portion attributed to **Cenn Faelad** ends. In the latter part of the book occur also some few suggestions of Ogham. What is known as nihilus, Aur. 970, 8, is thus explained: *V quoque littera proinde interdum nihil est, quia alicubi nec vocalis nec consonans est, ut *QVIS.* Vocalis enim non est quia I sequitur; consonans non est quia Q praecedit. Ideoque quando nec vocalis, nec consonans est, sine dubio nihil est.’’* Origg. i. 4, 8. A quotation common in the grammarians is: *Nisi enim nomen scieris, cognitio rerum perit.’’* Origg. i. 7, 1; Aur.. 1099. --- p.xxxviii A quotation not seen by me elsewhere: *Lapis autem dictus quod laedat pedem.’’* Origg. xvi. 3, 1; Aur.. 3396. OccasionaIly the Latin helps to decide the reading of the Gaelic text: *Incorporalia, quia carent corpus; unde nec videri nec tangi possunt, ut veritas, iusticia.’’* Origg. i. 7, 4; cf. Aur.. 3238. Occasionally the Gaelic is a running commentary on the Latin: ‘Perspicuae voces sunt quae longius protrahuntur ita ut omnem inpleant continuo locum, sicut clangor tubarum’ (stocaireacht no cornaireacht, Aur. 1477). ‘Subtiles voces’ (cronan no certan bec, 1474) ‘sunt, quibus non est spiritus, qualis est infantium vel mulierum vel aegrotantium, sicut in nervis’ (intan is cruit, 1484). ‘Quae enim subtilissimae cordae sunt, subtiles ac tenues sonos emittunt’ (intan as bindi is tuiu & is isliu ata na a n-aill, 1484). ‘Pingues sunt voces, quando spiritus multus simul egreditur, sicut virorum’ (mod .i. mo od .i. od ceol intan is mascul 1470). ‘Acuta vox tenuis, alta, sicut in cordis videmus’ (traethait na ciulu isli na ciuil arda 1477). ‘Dura vox est, quae violenter emittit sonos sicut tonitruum, sicut incudis sonos, quotiens in durum malleus percuititur ferum’ (intan is torand no is crand 1479, tourand no caint 4575). ‘Caeca vox est, quae, mox emissa fuerit, conticescit, atque suffocata nequaquam longius producitur, sicut est in fictilibus’ (tae a ed intan is fod 1479, fouta 4578). *’’* Origg. iii. 20, 10–13. Occasionally the Latin determines the interpretation of the Gaelic, the latter being an almost literal translation of the former: *Superflui sunt, quorum partes simul ductae plenitudinem excedunt, ut puta duodenarius. Habet enim partes --- p.xxxix quinque: duodecimam, quod est unum; sextam, quod duo; quartam, quod tria; tertiam, quod quattuor; dimidiam, quod sex. Vnum enim et duo, et tria, et quattuor, et sex simul ducta xvi faciunt et longe a duodenario excedunt. [*...*] Perfectus numerus est, qui suis partibus adinpletur, ut senarius; habet enim tres partes, sextam, tertiam, dimidiam: sexta eius unum est, tertia duo, dimidia tres. Haec partes in summam ductae, id est unum et duo et tria simul eundem consummant perficiuntque senarium.’’* Origg. iii. 5, 9—11; Aur. 1443—1453. Occasionally the Gaelic gives merely the gist of the Latin: *Primum enim diem a Sole appellaverunt, qui princeps est omnium siderum, sicut et idem dies caput est cunctorum dierum. Secundum a Luna, quae Soli et splendore et magnitudine proxima est, et ex eo mutuat lumen. Tertium ab stella Martis quae Vesper vocatur. Quartum ab stella Mercurii, quam quidam candidum circulum dicunt. Quintum ab stella Iovis, quam Phaethontem aiunt. Sextum a Veneris stella, quam Luciferum asserunt, quae inter omnia sidera plus lucis habet. Septimus ab stella Saturni, quae sexto caelo locata triginta annis fertur explere cursum suum.’’* Origg. v. 30, 5–7; Aur. 3531–9. Titles of chapters or sections in the Origines appear as names of Ogham: De homine xi. 1. *. . .* daenogam 5709. De avibus xii. 7. *. . .* enogam 5692. Oppida nobilia xv. 1, 6. *. . .* dinnogam 5687. De aedificiis sacris xv. 4. *. . .* ceallogam 5702. De navibus xix. 1,1. *. . .* ogam n-eathrach 6132. De instrumentis rusticis xx. 14. *. . .* ogam tírda 5724. De coloribus xix. 17 *. . .* dathogam 5697. --- p.xl Bible names suffer change in passing into the Gaelic text through the Latin transliteration: *Nebuchadnezzar, Nabuchodonosar,’’* Origg. v, 39, 18; Nabgodon, Aur, 127. *Nimrod, Nembroth,’’Origg. vii. 6, 22; Neamruad, Aur. 112.* *Noah, Noe,’’Origg. vii. 6, 15; Nóe, Aur. 107.* Secrecy—the avowed purpose of Ogham—is outlined in a simple code similar to that which finds expression in Aur. 6011. *Caesar quoque Augustus ad filium, ‘quoniam,’ inquit, ‘innumerabilia accidunt assidue quae scribi alterutro oporteat et esse secreta, habeamus inter nos notas si vis tales ut, cum aliquid notis scribendum erit, pro unaquaque littera scribamus sequentem hoc modo pro *a b,* pro *b c,* et deinceps eadem ratione ceteras; pro *s* autem redeundum erit ad duplex *a a.*’ Quidam etiam versis verbis scribunt.’’* Origg. i. 25, 2. This reference I have not found: Aur. 3244–8, but cf. **Maro** 24, 10–24. II. **Virgilius Maro, Grammaticus** The editor, **Huemer**, in his *Praefatio*, p. xi., after giving a list of blunders common to all the MSS. of **Maro**, concludes: Atque archetypum illud litteris scotticis scriptum fuerit necesse est, cum a et u, c et t, r et s, s et f, p et f, saepe permutatae videntur. The conclusion is irresistible. Whether the scribe was himself perpetrating these blunders, or, as his editor thinks, merely copying them from others, the sources of **Maro**, as we know him, are Irish. **Meyer**, in two lists ( Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. July, December 1912), gives, --- p.xli from **Maro**'s tract, a selection of forty-two names, which he considers to be of Celtic origin. They are as follows: Aemerius p. (22). Andrianus (173). Arca rex (15). Asp-orius (5). Assianus (173). Bi-entius (137). Breg-andus (162). Don (15, 30). Fassica f. (123). Gabr-itius (126). Galb-arius (163). Galb-ungus (10, 122, 133). Gal-irius (146). Gall-ienus (129). Gelb-idius (36). Gerg-esus (15). Glengus (122, 133). Gurg-ilius (173). Iuu-anus (54). Lap-idus (19). Lassius (107). Lato-mius (123). Lugenicus (162). Mart-ulis (92). Mitterius (114). Ninus (119). Oss-ius (163). Perrichius (163). Plastus (151). Prass-ius (61). Regulus (?) (133). Rigas f. Rigadis (122). Rithea Nini regis uxor (119). Sagillius Germanus (17). Samm-inius, Virgil's uncle (28). Sarbon (122). Sarr-icius (123). Saur-inus (28). Sedulus (138, 139). Senenus (138). Sulpita (24). Ursinus (90). Further examination may shorten the list without seriously disturbing the contention that if **Maro** had no connection with Ireland, his circle of Irish friends was unaccountably large. Sua apte (116, 11; 81, 4) has been recognised as an Irish-Latin hybrid, *su-apte*, which later came into common use in Irish Latin. There is a sprinkling of the loci communes of Latin Grammar, e.g.— **Maro** denies that Latinitas is derived from Latinus, preferring latitudo, p. 5, 6: Aur. 355. *litera ab ipsis etiam cerae caracteribus usque ad quassorum compossitionem hosce ordines directat,’’* p. 7, 10; Aur. 1756. *syllabae monades senas literas transcendere non debent ut *scrobs*,’’Maro, p. 11, 7; Aur. 1229.* --- p.xlii *Grama est litteraturae peruidatio, quae quasi quaedam totius lectionis semitula est unde et a peritis litera interpretatur legitera quod est legendi itinerarium.’’Maro, p. 19, 11; Aur. 1758.* A certain resemblance is discernible between Maro, 24, 10–23, and Aur. 3244, and between *Nec aperte masculinum nec absolute dicitur esse feminum.’’* Maro, 31, 13; Aur. 614. *verbum est omne quod lingua profertur et voce.’’Maro, 88, 6, and Aur. 1924.* The device scinderatio fonorum, **Maro** declares (p. 76, 7), was resorted to in order to sharpen the wits, to adorn expression, and: *tertia (causa) ne mystica quaeque, et quae solis gnaris pandi debent, passim ab infimis ac stultis facile repperiantur.’’* Maro, (p. 76, 7) The same reason, here called tertia, is alleged for the invention of Ogham:— *Co mbeth in bescna-sa ic lucht in eolais fo leth, sech lucht na tirdachta & na buicnechta,’’Aur. 5472.* One device consisted in breaking up a sentence into groups of letters, e.g.— *RRR. SS. PP. MM. NT. EE. OO. A.V.I., i.e., spes Romanorum perit.’’* Maro, 77, 12; cf. Aur. 3501–3. Also, words may be broken up into syllables, and these again may be strewn about in the jingle of a so-called sentence, e.g.— *sicut Lucanus edidit; ge. ves. ro. trum. quando. tum. a. fec. om. ni. libet aeuo, [which is thus explained, quandolibet vestrum gero omni aeuo affectum.]’’* Maro, 77, 6. Or in single words, e.g. nodo for dono, nesi for sine, germen --- p.xliii for regnum.—Maro 78, 28. This process appears in Irish as delidin sillabacda, Aur. 5312. Amans may be transformed into manas (Maro, 79, 4), heri into hrei, is into si (78, 31); atat into tata (79, 10), a process which is called delitin litterda, metathesis of letters, Aur. 5308. A meaningless syllable or disyllable may be introduced into a word, e.g. naviga-be-re for navigare, b-u-onum for bonum (Maro, 78, 17); forti-osi-ter for fortiter, compt-os-e for compte (Maro, p. 70, 6). A meaningless disyllable so introduced into Gaelic is called condall, Aur. 5317. The unstressed syllable following an accented syllable is sometimes dropped, e.g. rogassem, rogasse for rogauissem, rogauisse; rogarunt, rogarit for rogauerunt, rogauerit (Maro, 78, 10). In Gaelic poetry this is called cotut, Aur. 5287. Still more does the influence of **Maro** emerge in the Trefhocul. The name Trefhocul bears a resemblance to the heading of the chapter De trimodo dicendi genere, Orig. ii. 17 which may have suggested it. Similarly the twelve items composing the Trefhocul might have been originally suggested by the duodecim latinitates of **Maro**, p. 88, 22, e.g. 1. lumbrosa, hoc est perlonga, cum pro uno usitato totus uersus scribitur, with perlonga, cf. (can) rofota, Aur. 5060; and for the matter, cf. Aur. 5943 where each letter besides being written is spelt. 2. sincolla, hoc est perbreuis, uersa uice cum totus uersus usitatus in uno continetur fono. With perbreuis, cf. (can) rogair, Aur. 5059, and for the matter, cf. Aur. 1326. 3. belsauia, hoc est peruersa, cum casus nominum modusque uerborum transmutat. With peruersa, cf. (can) chlóen. — Aur. 5057, 5086. 4. spela, hoc est humillima, quae semper res terrenas loquitur, with humillima, cf. a irisel, used of an appended syllable, a. — Aur. 5079, 5346. --- p.xliv 7. polema, hoc est superna quae de superioribus tractat. With superna, cf. a irard, an appended syllable, aib.— Aur. 5078, 5341. 8. Assena, hoc est notaria, quae una tantum littera pro toto sono contenta est, cf. Q for ceirt, Aur. 5816, and R for Ruis 5820. These coincidences are too numerous to be accidental. Omitting other lesser similarities, to lay stress on which might be regarded as fanciful, we come to the solid ground of quotation, (Hereon **Zimmer**, not having the whole tract before him, could find no footing.) 1. metrofia, hoc est intellectualis, ut dictantabat, id est principium; sade, id est iustitia; gno utilitas; bora, hoc est fortitudo; ter hoc est dualitas coniugalis; rfoph, hoc est ueneratio; brops, hoc est pietas; rihph, hoc est hilaritas; gal, hoc est regnum; fkal, hoc est religio; clitps, hoc est nobilitas; mymos, dignitas; fann, hoc est recognitio; ulio, hoc est honor; gabpal, hoc est obsequium; blaqth, hoc est lux solis; merc hoc est pluuia; pal, dies et nox; gatrb, hoc est pax; biun, hoc est aqua et ignis; spax, longeuitas. With the exception of *y* and *z,* which may have been added from another source, the explanation following *hoc est, id est,* is in each case identical with that given in Aur. 4211–4223. Perhaps more important than all is the following: De h autem hoc dicendum est, quod semper inspirat, nunc ad fortitudinem, nunc ad motationem tantum. Nam cum semiuocalem praecesserit *f,* solum sonum pariter motabunt ut hfascon et faciunt *f* pro *hf,* si uero mutam *c* uel *t* uel *p*, suum sonum non amittit ut *hcorda, htronus, hpalanx,* Maro, p. 10, 9–14. This passage throws light on Aur. 432, 1264–1279. Bogad there means aspiration (and apparently on finals) ut cloch, --- p.xlv *both.* It has also another meaning, fortitudo, influenced by Ogham usage, where B + H = P, thus supplying the P which is non-existent in pure Gaelic. Semigud, again, means lenition and apparently on initials, but on this point the examples are inconclusive (cf. beith mo hsuidhe CZ 10. 266). Here the aspirating H precedes the consonant it aspirates, and thus Maro and the Auraicept are at one. The warrantable conclusions to be drawn from the facts are few but very important. Bigerro sermone clefabo (Maro 8, 13) ‘in the speech of Bigorre,’ which **Zimmer** presses to show that **Maro** was a native of that district, though in the tenth century he is called Tolosanus, proves merely that **Maro** was more or less conversant with Baskish. He was acquainted with viro athensi, a man belonging to the town of Ate south of **Limoges** (Maro 141, 28). He mentions a Sibylla Carginiensis, belonging to the town of Carca, in the Department of the Iberian Bastitani (p. 48, 25), and he knew a great number of Irishmen. Except perhaps in the passage last quoted in which *h* *ad fortitudinem* may be compared with *b* *cum aspiratione pro p ponitur* (432, 2879), no connection is traceable between him and **Ferchertne fili**, whose work belongs to a much earlier period than the Trefhocul. The influence of **Maro**'s book on Irish grammar is confined to the Trefhocul, the last stage of the growth of prosody. The Auraicept proper, of which **Ferchertne fili** was one of the authors, or one under whose name ancient material was incorporated, shows no trace of **Maro**'s influence. Interesting questions arise in the text itself, some of which need only be mentioned, e.g.:— The so-called mutes *l, n, r,* pronounced *el, en, er* in Latin, *le, ne,* in Gaelic (490, 511, 2981). The frequent absence of aspiration, or aspiration by omission, of *f* and *s,* ni aimser fota 1576, ae aiges (408,9). --- p.xlvi The confusion owing to the distance of the gloss from its text; e.g., 1515 is glossed at 1637, 1533–5 at 1675, 1577 at 1686, 1579 at 1687, 1591 at 1692, 1609–14 at 1695. The tendency of words and phrases like alt co fesear (827, 1686), and fogni (1336, 1871) to become technical terms. The French pronunciation of Latin, sirqundimus (4125), sircuim (4132), sircumplex (4784), siicuitas (2531), resulting in important changes in Gaelic, isinn Asia (2571) for isind Achaidh (251). The rhymes, some apparently without sense (806), some without metre (1546), and some in metre but obscured by glosses (253, 4360, 5932). The etymological reconstructions:— co-fid for cubaid (1512), ciallabair for ceileabar (1594), fegait for fichit (4735), for fégait, sedhait (4737), segait (4739), co, hógfégad for cóic (1637), ré huamma for réim (1638), so-fis for seis (479), ae gnithi for aicned (501), suad for uad (495), conod miait (508) for conid muiti (495), dorrae for trá (573), smitai, smit ai (= aue) for smita (4649). The constant modernising of the text:— ceithri gne (872), ceitheora gnee (3747), moosom for moam (658), lugusom for lugam (659), cinntechsom, cinntichu son (1258) for cinntechem (4368). Syllable, the ultimate element of everything in Gaelic except gender (1457). Number, case, person, degree, tense, mood, are indicated by syllables, whereas there is no --- p.xlvii distinction of gender indicated in spelling; and mod, tod, traeth, secundum, quosdam is aurlond (1496) or leading word that indicates gender. The ascription of the same poem to Colum Cille (938), and to Cormac (1596, 3867, 5351). The repetition of the same passages 1487, 1502; cf. 2616, 2622, shows that the present text is made up from at least two versions which sometimes contained the same material in different order. Hence no doubt comes the disjointed character of many passages. The following terms, however, are of importance in order to understand the text:— The word inrocomraircnigsiomairne gives the key to the plan of inflection called filltigthi, prepositional cases (1515). These eight syllables are held to form one word. According to our present grammatical methods the basis or unity is the compound word of five syllables comroircnigsemmar. It is preceded by a relative pronoun an- and by an enclitic or pre-verb -ro-, and it is followed by an emphasising pronominal suffix -ni. But the native Irish grammarians regarded all these syllables as parts of one word, and the scribes wrote the whole as one word. In their opinion proclitics were not separate words, but rather filltigthi, inflections, of the accented word. Accordingly, they wrote frissinfer as one word, an inflected form of fer, and gave it a distinct technical name. This also explains how is fer (1529) comes into the scheme. Is was an unstressed proclitic, and as such was treated as part of the word following. They did not observe that is fer, a thúarascbáil, had already been dealt with under the head of fer, a ainmniugud; nor did they recognise identity of case and inflection in the words which they wrote lafer, frissinfer; fofiur, iarfiur (1525). --- p.xlviii Classification of prepositions, or any explanation of infixed pronouns (653) was thus rendered unnecessary. Another flexion is réim, which later means oblique case (786). Of this flexion there are three kinds outward, inward, and both combined: outward ut est, fer. There is no flexion in the word as it stands in the nom., but there may be flexion in the context, e.g., in the accus., lasin (bf)fer; fir is an inward flexion of fer; and in fer is capable of both, e.g., dond fiur. Taebreim prosta -i- fadéin (795) is the side-flexion, i.e., the external flexion of mé, tú, etc. Tréfhocul rhymes with glé-accur (2179), and hence has é and f *(f dot)*. It means ‘three words’ (2018), ‘and the knowledge of its secret,’ i.e., probably how it came to be so named, ‘is very hard,’ considering that ‘already thirty-six words have been found comprised under its species in Irish’ (2021). Tréfhocul came to mean a collection of precepts for the correction of incorrect versification. For each of the twelve technical faults (anocht), there were two correctives, each having its technical name, one belonging to the class called sciath, the other to that called gnúis. Thus the whole system of correct versification would have been comprised under a set of mnemonics, each mnemonic consisting of three heads, the name of the fault and the name of its two correctives—in short, it was a three-word scheme, and accurately named Tréfhocul. The original scheme of two correctives for each error is commended (2010–3), and still adhered to in rudrach (2047), and in uathad fri hilar (2057). But later refinements led to overlapping in the application of the correctives. Hence we find in the poem that a particular fault may be corrected or avoided by having recourse to more than one device of each class, sciath or gnúis. We read that the 24 helps are increased to 47 (2126). The first list (2035–2071) totals 48, not 47; the second list --- p.xlix (2083–2118) totals 51; the third list (2131–2176) totals 48. The discrepancies may be purely scribal, and due to a misreading of the Roman numerals, e.g., iii. read as iv., ii. as v., a constant source of error. What is the difference between the two kinds of corrective? It will be found that all those called scéith, except lugugud, the addition of a diminutive suffix, are purely artificial distortions of the words; whereas those called gnúisi, except cennfochrus túis, airichill, dechned, and dichned, are in accordance with strict grammatical usage e.g., the use metri causa of sofer instead of fer (sóerugud); dofer instead of fer (dóerugud); the addition of two proclitic syllables (lorga fuach), or of one syllable (dialt n-etarléme); the use of issé, issi, issed (urlonn insce), where they might be omitted, e.g.— issí ind ala gnúis dég dil, urlonn insci ria hairim, (where issí completes the number of syllables required but might be dispensed with, if the number were complete without it); the use of singular for plural (óen), e.g.— creid uaim féin, is fíor mo rann, ‘my quatrain,’ meaning (all the quatrains of) ‘my poem’; the use of plural for singular (lán), e.g.— meni fhuilet (2198) = meni fuil. There must be some distinction of ideas in the two terms. The gnúisi are or were originally the natural devices, and the scéith the artificial devices for avoiding metrical faults, and perhaps the words were adopted on that principle, gnúis being the natural part of the man on the outlook to ward off an enemy, sciath the artificial implement for the same purpose. A similar touch of imagination emerges in regarding --- p.l head and heart as being supports of man, the male being (1808, 4994), and the further refinements of lánomna and their gene, mated pairs and their progeny. In the original notion doubtless the distinction was based on gender, but that fact was forgotten, and among the examples are lánomna deime (4999), mated couples (mas. and fem. in grammar), belonging to dem (a thing which is neuter in nature). This usage is even extended to quantity, which is still more remote from the original idea of gender. The same tendency to personification appears in the suggested distinction among forcomét, frecomét, and degcomét (1818); forcomét, defensive armour, as kneecap on knee; frecomét, armament of offence, as knuckles; and degcomét, that which protects by supplying life and vigour. Ogham. Ogham alphabet was not of Irish origin (388, 2771). *‘Vielleicht,’ says **Zimmer**, ‘schon dem 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr. ist der Verkehr des keltisch-römischen Westgalliens mit seiner alten Kolonie, dem keltischen Irland, die Einführung des Ogamalphabets in Irland und die Sitte, dem Dahingeschiedenen aufrechtstehende Steinpfeiler zu errichten, zuzuschreiben’’’* (SPA., 8th Dec. 1910, p. 1096) . According to **MacNeill** (p. 335) the origin of the Ogham alphabet must be placed after the Roman conquest of Gaul, because prior thereto the Western Celts of the continent used the Greek alphabet, and Ogham is based on the Latin alphabet. In our knowledge of written Gaelic, Ogham inscription bounds the horizon, and the identity in value of the Ogham symbols with later MS. tradition is clear, with a few exceptions. B Group. Oghamists are agreed that F, the third letter of the group, must be read as V in inscriptions. --- p.li H Group. In the Kilkenny Arch. Journal, July 1874, p. 231, Mr G. M. Atkinson suggested that this group is named after the first five Gaelic numerals, haon, do, tri, ceathar, cuig. This suggestion, without touching on the origin of H, is open to the objection that óen in O.I. is used only in composition with a substantive; but in the meantime it furnishes a useful mnemonic, and, as it stands, it indicates a possible connection between this group and numerosa, No. IV. of the duodecim latinitates of **Maro**, p. 89,9. The difficulty is with regard to H, the first letter of the group. According to **Maro** H has two powers, ad motationem and ad fortitudinem, distinctions which correspond to the values in the text: (1) H non est litera sed nota aspirationis (767), and (2) B cum aspiratione pro p ponitur (433). There is no demonstrated instance of H occurring in any of the Ogham inscriptions, and the sign may have originally been devised to represent a consonant value which became rare or obsolete before the time of the extant inscriptions; and the first value of H was attracted to, and became identified with, the symbol when the letter became familiar through Latin sources. An endeavour is here made to establish the second or Ogham value of H from the following considerations. A stop sibilant existed in Gaelic (cf. **Pedersen**, Gr. [sect ]51), corresponding to Gaulish [ETH ], which is sometimes written S, e.g., Lat. i-uuenc-us, Ir. ó-ac, Cym. ieu-anc; also without c, Ir. óa, Cym. ieu. The sibilant representing i appears also in Ir. as s-ó, s-óu, s-ó-om. That this sound is represented by Ogham H is rendered probable by the occurrence of the form ihuinnéis, Lat. juvenes, Ériu, viii. 5. But this sibilant sound is also written d, e.g., Tadg = Tasg-os, and probably r, e.g., do-bidc = -dibirc (cf. Brér --- p.lii Garad for Brég Garad g .s. of Brí Garad). This value following B would give the Ogham B + H = P. Again the three Ogham accents are represented in the text by the letters d, s, n, (4800). At lines 430, 2877, however, are found the three supplementa written h, s, n, except that at line 2878 for s = forsail is written the Latin sign of length (T has a sign that may be meant for s), and a particular sign is substituted for n. This leaves a probability that here H has the same value as D. Teora fuillti ind Uraicepto (430, 2877) seem to be the three supplementa (cf. Origg. i. 3, 6), not of the Ogham but of the Auraicept, that is, they are additions made to the Ogham orthographic system by the grammarians of the MS. tradition. If this limitation be correct, examples of supplementa need hardly be looked for in the ancient Oghams. No opinion on this point is obtainable from modern Oghamists; for the word forbaid is hardly known, and Oghamists have hitherto ignored it. The word, however, occurs with definitions and examples in the Book of **Ferchertne** (810, 3633) one of the oldest parts of the text, and some of its provisions are exemplified, e.g., n (of cenn) is not doubled in Ogham (439) e.g. QENVENDANI, Penno-ouindos (**Pedersen**, Gr. [sect ]357). On the other hand a large number of inscriptions contain double letters. While some of these, dd and s, may perhaps be accents as indicated in the Auraicept, others like cc (1358, 1825) and ll (4788) obviously are not. Rhys Pedersen (Gr. [sect ] 4), and others incline to think them signs of lenition. M Group. The fact that the third symbol has the effect of two letters ng proves nothing as to that combination (4925). In Ogham inscriptions the letters, if they belong to different syllables, are written separately, Studies in Irish Epigraphy i. 49. --- p.liii The fourth symbol is said to represent *sr* or *str,* and the examples Stru 247, 2562, Streulae 5690, Strannan 5795, seem sufficient to establish that sound. The other examples point to a rare or obsolete sound like English z, e.g., stmólach 5695, sréghuindeacht 5801, súst 5727, srorca 5700. No authenticated instance of this symbol has been found in inscriptions. A Group. The simple vowels have the same order and value as in Latin. In epigraphy no distinction of long and short vowels has hitherto been observed. Ea or Diphthong Group The first and the last symbols *ea* and *ae* are interchanged. The doubling of each letter in the explanatory script (1143) shows that the symbols stand for long vowels as well as diphthongs. Examples are given of é and ó (2873), of é and e (1285). The symbol for í (1369) is also used for p ( Irish Epigraphy ii. 83; cf. **MacNeill**, p. 335, 6) and for medial y. The symbol for ae (1365,70) is also used for x, which is regarded as a double c. Prof. MacAlister ( Irish Epigraphy ii. 144–8) has called attention to an excellent example—perhaps two—of Nathair im Ceann (5821). Owing to his axiom that the Oghams were not Cryptograms ( Irish Epigraphy i. 66), he is unwilling to allow that the B and H groups were consciously interchanged (ii. 26, 140). But this interchange is contemplated ( Aur. p. 306, 42), and since the study of the Oghams was elementary work prescribed for junior students, the wonder is perhaps that so many of the epigraphs are in regular Ogham.[1](javascript:footNote('G502003/note001.html')) --- p.1 Auraicept na n-Éces ------------------- --- p.2 {BB folio 314a16}{E folio 19b14} Incipit Auraicept na nEges .i. eraicept, ar er gach toiseach. #### 1 Cid dianad toisseach seo? Ni *ansa*. Don tebi rotebed isin Gaedilg, uair is ed toisseach arricht la Fenius iar tiachtain din scoil gusna berlaib ammuich: gach son forrdorcha robae in gach bescno & in gach berlu, is ed 5] doradadh isin Gaedilg, conad airi as foirleithiu quam gach berla. Ar gach toisseach di*diu*, uair is *ed* ba toisseach laisna filedaib gach son fordorcha do riachtain i tossuch .i. beithi-luis ind ogaim arbithin dorchadad. Cest, cia tugaid ara n-eb*ar*ar berla tobaide din Gaedilg? Ni *ansa*. Uair 10] rotebedh as gach berla; & gach son fordorcha gach berla, fo*fh*rith ined doib isin Gaedelg ara forleithi seach gach mbescna. Cest di*diu*, ina raibi Gaedelg resiu rotobaidhe? Robae emh, ar ni fagbait*er* na da berla sechtmogat ar cheana. Cest, cia tir i rrugad Gaedeal? Ni *ansa*. 15] I nEgipt. Ocus cia airm sonnrud? Ni *ansa*. I mmaigh Ucca i rraind iartharaig descertaig Egipti. Cia di*n* scoil dus-cuaid gu suidhe? Ni *ansa*. Gaedel mac Etheoir mic Toe mic Barachaim do Grecaib Scitie (no Scithie) {BB folio 314b1}. Cest, cia met don-uc di? Ni ansa. 20] A huiledeto genmotha inni rothormachtatar filid tria fordorchadh iar torrachtain gu Fenius. Cest, cia berla --- p.4 {BB folio 314b18} {E folio 19b33} duna di berlaibh sechtmogat rotaisealbad do Fenius i tossuch? Ni ansa. Berla Feni . . .ar is e ba tochu lais dia scoil & is e rodn-alt asa oetid & is e ba soom din scoil & 25] ar a forleithi seach gach mbeascna & is e berla toisseach rugad on tur. Et robae Eabra & Greic & Laitin la Fenius riasu tiss*ad* on Scithia & ni rainig a leas a ndeimniughudh icon tur, conidh aire sin toisseach rotaissealbad. Cest, nach raibi isna berlaib ilib ni bad uaisli du riachtain 30] i tossuch quam (.i. inas) in Gaedelg? Ni *ansa* em. Ar a cuibdi, ar a edruma, ar a mine & a forleithiu. Cid ar nad lethiu quam (.i. inas) gach mbescna? Ni *ansa*. Uair is e cetna bescno rugad on tur, ba mede co mbad leithiu quam gach mbescna, conid aen dia taisealbad 35] i tossach. Caide loc & aimsear & perso & tugait din Gaedelg? Ni *ansa*. Loc di in tor Neamrua*i*d, ar is aga arricht i tossuch. Aimsear di aimser chumtaigh in tuir la claind Adaimh. Persu di Sachab mac Rochemhurcos & Gaedel mac Etheoir mic Thoe mic 40] Barachaim do Grecaib Scithia. Caidhe tugaid? Ni ansa. Tor Nemrua*i*dh di cumtuch. Asberait araile conid tugait Gaedel {BB folio 315a} du dul isin tir i rrugad, conidh he toissech roscrib i taiblibh & i llegaibh isin lug sondrud dianad ainm Calcanensis. Is and roscrib Gaedel in 45] Gaedealg. Cid ar a n-abar bescna domunda din Gaedhilg & nach di ata briathar lasna hegnadu eolcha? Ni ansa. Arinni aisnedes du ceastaib & du chaingnib domundaibh eter tuaith & eglais. Cid ara n-ep*er* comad borb fiadh Dia inti legas in Gaedhelg? Ni di ata briathar and et*er* 50] --- p.6 {BB folio 315a8} {E folio 20a6} acht do uilideataid na feallsamnachta eter gramadaigh & dileachtaigh & rim, amal atbert in fil*i*: > 1. Foglaim, feallsamnacht is fas, > > Legeand, gramadach, *is* gluas > > Litirdheacht leir *ocus* rim > > 55] Is beg a mbrig for nimh thuas. > Cest, nach fellsamnacht in Gaedhealg? Ni ansa em, acht na ndenaid mi*n*-ughdair fri dereadh in domain ar thucait a nderscnaighthi seach na n-ughd*aru* toisseacha, no is *ed* as bescna domunda and & is fhellsamnacht dimhain: ind 60] eire*te*acht & ind aibres dorigni neach i n-aigidh na firin*d*i diadha & daen*d*a & is *ed* sin is borb fiad Dia and. Caidi log & aimser & perso & tugait scribind in Uraicepta? Ni oenlog tra lasna cethri libro, amal atbert in fil*i*: a n-as tuiseach, is *ed* is deghenach, a n-as dedhenach, is 65] ed as toisseach .i. a n-as toisseach iar n-urd lebhurda, is *ed* as dedhenacho arricht .i. lebor Cindfaeladh mic Oilella. Log & aimser & perso & tucait scribind in libhuir sin Cindfaeladh, log do Daire Luran, aimser do aimser Domnaill mic Æda mic Ainmireach. Perso do Cendfaeladh 70] mac Oilella, tugait a scribind a hi*n*chind dermait du beim a cind Chindfaelad i cath Muighi Rath. Ceithri buadha in catha sin: Maidm for Conghal ina gaei re nDomnall ina firindi; et Suibni i ngealtacht, acht is ar a mhed du laidib duroni; in fear d'Albanachaib do breith in Erennaich 75] 'na chois dar muir gen airiugudh .i. Dubhdiadh a ainm; *et* a inchind dermaid du bhem a cind Cindfaeladh ar a mhed do fhilideacht & do bhriathraibh & do legeand rothaisigh. *Asberat tra augdair na nGaideal*: Cid ara n-ebairt-seom, asberat na hughtair robadar remi? uair is e Cendfaelad 80] --- p.8 {BB folio 315a39} {E folio 20a29} arainig in lebar-sa .i. brollach in*d* Auraicepta. Ocus na ugdair na nGaedheal, roba he sein Fenius Farsaigh & Iar na n-ilberla m*a*c Nema. Ni ansa. Ar uaisli na haimsiri asrubairt .i. aimsiri frecnairci uair gebidh in aimsir frecnairc arna huilib aimseraib, ut dicitur: *Praesens* tempus pro omnibus 85] temporibus ponitur .i. sam(l)aigther in aimsir frecnairc forna huilib aimseraib. Cinnas on & se ig a rádh int aen-fhocul i mbit in da shill*ab* nach cantar i n-aenaimsir ut dicitur lego .i. leghaim, quando dicis (col. b) le-, futurum est -go [quando dicis -go] preteritum est le- .i. intan raide 90] int shill*aib* toisich todachaiche chugut int shill*ab* dedenach & seachmadhato seachat int shillab thoisenach. Defir on amal asbert in Laidneoir: Tempus non diuiditur sed opera nostra diuiditur .i. nochon i in aimsear fhogailter and acht ar ngnimradh-ne. Ni hi *dno* is frecra dona 95] haugdaraib robadar i n-aenaimsir ris fen tuc Ceannfaelad intan roraidh, asberait auctair na nGaedeal. Cidh ara tuc-somh *a* ar tus sun*d*a? .i. uair is i i*s* sruithiu i fedaibh & is uaisli i nguth*aigib*. *Co mbad si tugait in berla Feni* (.i. berla Feniusa) 100] *gnim n-ingnad n-indligtheach* .i. is gnim n-ingnadh .i. ingnath ara ainmenci, indlightheach ara uaibrigi .i. triall for neam ina corpaib collaidib gan comairlechudh fri Dia. *Forcaemnacair and .i. cumtach in tuir Neamruaidh.* In Neamruadh sin tra trenfhear sil Adaimh 105] uile in*a* aimsir e, Neamruadh mic Cuis mic Caimh mic Noe. Ni bai iaramh aenrigh for in doman gu haimsir Nin mic Bel acht mad comhairlidhe & toisig nama badar and go sin anall. Da comhairlidh sechtmogat iaramh robadar isin domun isin aimsir i 110] --- p.10 {BB folio 315b22} {E folio 20b1} ndernad in tor. Ba he *dno* in dara comairlib sechtmogat Neamruad. Trenfear sidhe *dno* & fer an i selg .i. for aigibh & fiadhuch .i. for mila muige & arrcheasaib .i. for mucaib alltaib & fornelaib .i. for enaib, co mbidis sochaidi do dhainibh ica leanmain samlaidh co mba lia .i. hi sloghaib 115] & co mba nertmairi oldas co*mhairlid* samhlaidh. Conid he dorimtas (.i. rotimairg) na da comairlib sechtmogat sin i n-aencomairli do dhenum in tuir la hua brathar a athar .i. la hiarmo der*b*brathar a shenathar .i. la Fallec mac Ragua mic Arfaxat mic Sem mic Noe; & ba he sen in 120] dara comairlib sechtmogat cena go sin. Et asberatsomh iarum co mad aencomairlib & inann tuismidh doib uile in Faillec. Is imchomarc sun*d* anman*da* na da fhear sechtmogat lais a ndernad in tor, acht chena ni airmed scribenda acht anmanda na seacht fear ndeg ba haireg*d*u 125] dib .i. Faillec, Neamruad, Eber, Latinus, Riab*ad* Scot, Nabgodon, Assur, Ibath, Longbardus, Bodbus, Brittus, Germanus, Garath, Scithius, Gotius, Bardanius, Sardain. Acht chena is e in cetri iar ndilind iar n-aicniud .i. Neamruadh. Is e sin in cetri iar n-eladhain in Fallec remraite. 130] Is e do*no* iar n-ugdaracht .i. Nin mac Bel mic Ploisc mic Pluliris mic Agomolis mic Fronosis mic Gitlis mic Tiris mic Assuir mic Semh mic Noe. Atcotaidhi-seom *dno* anni sin. Et asberat Neamruadh co mbad a ainm-seomh f*or*beith in gnima sin. Adrodamas (.i. rodaimed) *dno* dosom 135] anni sin. Tredhe di*diu* ar a ndernad la claind nAdaim cumdach in tuir sin .i. ar imuamhan na dileand duridhisi --- p.12 {BB folio 315b49} {E folio 20b23} & do dul for neamh doib 'na corpaib don talmain & d'urdairciugud a n-anmandh dia n-eis, conid de sin asbert righ nimhi fri muintir nimi {BB folio 316}: Uenite ut uideamus & 140] confundamus lingas eorum .i. tait co rofegam & gu romelachtnaighem berla innani sin. Ba mor tra cumachta sil Adaimh & a nneart isin aimsir sin ic denum in tuir co festais iaramh *in* robhae cumachta righ nimhi uaso, conruammesc-sen .i. conremesc impu. In tan asberad neach 145] dib fri aroili 'tuc damh cloch' ba crand doberead .i. na lecca forsa suaitea in chre & na f*orc*hai dia suaitea, is iat sin croin*d* & clocha no-imluaighdis eturru. Dolodar tra fil*id* asin Scithia riab cianaib iarsna gnimaib-sea du cuingidh fogluma na n-ilberla icon tur, air dorum*en*adar 150] (.i. rotoi*m*tnigedar .i. dodochusaigeder) magen asa fordailte & i *n-*arnechta na hilberla do shil Adhaimh, romeartis and iarna comlani. Dolodar iaramh gu mag Seannair dochum in tuir .i. mag n-Ucna no mag nDoraimh i n-iartharthuascert maigi Sennair ainm son*d*rudach na 155] rrindi forsata in tor. Coigiur ar sechtmoga*i*t a lin na filed .i. fear gach berla & na tri saidhi .i. sai gach primhberla dona tri primberlaibh .i. Eabra & Greic & Laidean. Ceit*hri* berla sechtmogat as gach berla dib-sen, is ed rofadlad and. Fenius Farrsaid, is *ed* ba hainm a t*uis*igh & ba sai 160] sen isna primberlaibh (cid siu na-tis*ad* a tuaid asin Scithia). Is e fath ara cuirt*her* primhdhacht i lleith na tri mberla sin ara med do eladhnaibh dorighnedh estib --- p.14 {BB folio 316a23} {E folio 20b44} & arin cumasc rocumaiscit tri gach mberla, no *dno* is arin titul roscribad estib 'na triur i clar na croiche. 165] O na fuair Fenius comhlainius na mberladh icon tur forfodhail a scoil & a desciplu fo chaithrecha & fo cennadcha in talman ar gach leath du fhoghlaim na mberla & rosn-othrastar Fenius etir biathadh & etghudh i cen badar oca fhoghlaim .i. secht mberla & anais Fenius icon 170] tur & adrotreb co torracht a scol ina dochum di cach aird & bai ic forcedul hilchenel in domain icon tur inn ead sin. Conad de sin asbert i curp libair: is and roan Fenius fadesin icon tur & is and adrothreabh. Asberat aroili auctair ni raibi neach 175] di cloind Ionan mic Iafeth mic Noe dia roghenedar G*rei*c & dia rochin Fenius ic cumtuch in tuir. Debthir on, ar ni raibi cland etir ic Ion*an* no ni raibi fen in mac sin oc Iafeth ut Hi*e*r*onymus* dixit. Cest, caite genelach Feniusa? Ni ansa. Farrsaidh di*diu* mac 180] Baath mic Magogh mic Iafeth mic Noe. No Fenius Farsaidh mac *Eogain mic* Glunfind mic Laimfind mic Etheoir mic Agno*ma*in mic Toe mic Boinb mic Semh mic Mair mic Ethecht mic Aurtecht mic Abodh mic Aoi mic Ar*a* mic Iar*a* mic Sru mic Esru mic Boath mic 185] Riafath mic Gom*er* mic Iafeth mic Noe & rl. Et *dno* i*s* Sgithegdha Fenius & cuga berthar Scithi & Gothi iarna ngenel*chaib*. Et robadar sil Nae ar ceana. Berla nEbraidi 'na tengtha robai isin domun ri araile cumhdach in tuir *.i. Gorthigernd* & is *ed* *dno* bhias iar 190] --- p.16 {BB folio 316a49} {E folio 21a12} mbrath & asberat araile co mbad eadh nobeth la muintir nimhe. Iar tiachtain tra dona desciplaib co Fenius o foglaim & iar taispenad a cuarta (.i. a n-imdeachta) & a {BB folio 316b1} n-gresa (.i. a foghluma) is andsin conaitchitar gusin saidh .i. gu Fenius berla na beth oc neach eliu do 195] thebiu doibh asna hilberlaib acht comad acco a n-aenur nobeth, conad airi sin conairneacht doib in berla tobaidhi cona fortormaigib .i. berla Feni & iarmberla & a mberla n-edarscartha et*er* na fedhaib airegdhaibh amal duiruirmi isin Duil Feadha Mair & berla na filed asa n-acaill*it* cach 200] dib aroile & a ngnathberla fogni do cach o ilcenela. Goedeal mac Etheoir mic Toe mic Baracaimh di Grecaib in dara sai robai i coemtect Feniusa, conad uadh rohainmnigead Gaedealg .i. ealg airdirc in sin .i. Gaedheal ros-irdarcaistar. Gaedeal *dno* glas mac Agno*in* no Aingi*n* 205] mac senbrathar athar do Fenius & ba sai sen *dno* cid he. Is esside dorothlaigestar a mberla-sa gu Gaedheal mac nEitheoir conid Gaedealg o Gaedel mac Etheoir. Et Gaedil o Gaedhel mac Agnon no Aingin. Berla Feni tra arricht sund & iarmberla & berla n-edarscartha etir na feadhaib & 210] berla na filed a ceathramad & an gnathberla fogni do chach a coiced. Fenius Farsaidh tra mac Eogein & Iar mac Nema & Gaedel mac Etheoir na tri saidh doreipsead na berlu-sa & apud Eotenam (uel Athena) civitatem arrictha. Cest, caidhead a n-anman*dh* na da chenel sechtmogat 215] o rofoghlaimet na hilberlae? Ni ansa. Beithin, Scithi, Scuit, Germain, Meid (no Moid), Sicil, Hircain, Guit, --- p.18 {BB folio 316b25} {E folio 21a33} Point, Morain, Lugoil, Circir, Gailli, Paimpil, Luidi, Oigii, Ciclaid, Creit, Corsic, Sardain, Sicil, Reit, Reicil, Roid, Romain, Inair, Massail, Mair, Maigidon, Morcain, Nairn, 220] Narmais, Narboin, Norith, Nobith, Barais, Bethain, Bretain, Boid, Maguich, Armoin, Amuis, Goircc, Galaid, Achid, Athain,Taeasail, Ardair, Alain, Albain, Hircain, Itail, Esbain, Goith, Guith, Gruind, Sarain, Frainc, Freisin, Longbaird, Lacdemoin, Lodain, Essill, Tracdai, Troiannai, 225] Dordain, Dalmait, Dacia, Ethioip, Egept, Bramain, Innecdai. It e sin tra anmanda na da cenel sechtmogat lasa mbadar na da berla sechtmogat. Fer gach berla tra dona berlaibh-sea, ba he lin na scoile & tri suidh & rofaided gach fear dib fria berla & ni cach comceniuil dochuaidh and 230] dochum a comcrichi dun fhoghlaim sin acht is cach comberlaidh amal rogab Cai Cainbrethach dalta Feniusa in dara descipul sechtmogat na scoli. Ba do Ebraib a bunadhus & ba co hEgeftagda rofaidhedh fobith is and robatar a tusdidhe & ba hand rodn-alt & tuargabat fodesin 235] as *a* aetidh, conid desin asb*eir*-som i curp libair . i. Is cach comberlaib dochuaid and & ni cach comcheneoil dochum a chriche. Seacht mbliadna tra robatar na descipuil forsin cuairt & teora bliadna doib ic taispenad a ngresa i fus iar tiachtain comdar a deich samlaidh, conid desin asb*eir*-som 240] this i curp libhair: A cind {BB folio 317} deich mblia*dan* iar scailiud doib on tur for gach leath durebeadh doib am berla-sa. Bai tra cuigiur ar xx ba huaisliu dib. It e a --- p.20 {BB folio 317a3} {E folio 21a36} n-anman*da* foratait feadha & taebomna in ogaim. It e andseo a n-anmand .i. Babel, Loth, Foraind, Saliath, Nabgadon, 245] Hiruad, Dabhid,Talamon, Cae, Kaliap, Muiriath, Gotli, Gomers, Stru, Ruben, Achab, Oise, Urith, Essu, Iachim, Ethrocius, Uimelicus, Iudonius, Affrim, Ordines. Iss iat sin anmand in choigir ar xx ba huaisliu bai i scoil Feniusa. Asberait araili *dno* is i sin in aipgitir 250] arricht isind Achaidh & ic Tochur Inbir Moir arranig Amairgin mac Miled in mbeithi-luis in oghaim. ‘Cia litir, cia nin, cia son In nach forbaider focol?’ (.i. dini*n* disoil no fern). "‘Is cia son ger fogabar O nach fuach tren tin*d*scanar?’ (.i. ernin getal). Na coic feadha aireghdai 255] immorro inn oghaim, ba hon choiciur ba huaisliamh dib rohainmnighthea {illu20.1}. Asberat araile *dn>o* it vii feadha aireghdha filet and & is on morshesiur ba huaisleam and rohainmnigthea & it e in dana fidh duformaighet frisna cuic feda ugut {illu20.2}. 260] Cest, caidet *airme* cinnteacha tuir Nemruaidh? Ni ansa. A viii .i. da comairlibh sechtmogat, da descipul sechtmogat, da chenel sechtmogat na ndaene, da berla sechtmogat du berlaibh ina scoil, da thuaith sechtmogat lasa m*b*atar na berla sin & na cenela, da saer sechtmogat 265] fria gnim, da aic*dh*i sechtmogat eter ael & bitumain & talmain & tathluib ina comhegur, da cheim for sechtmoga*i*t i*n*na leitheat amal asbert:— > 1. Airimh in tuir togaidhi > > Nemruaidh, ba din do dhainib, > > 270] Ceithri cemeand sechtmogat, > > Coic cemend ar choic milib. > 2. Da chomairlib sechtmogat > > Tugsat saithiu for sluaighedh; > > Da berla for sechtmoga*i*t > > 275] Rothidhnaic Dio fria mbuaidhred. > > > --- > > p.22 > > > {BB folio 317a34}{E folio 21b8} > 6. Da cenel saer sechtmogat > > Dona dainib, ba dodhraing; > > Da descip*ul* sechtmogat > > Faete Fenius fri foghlaim. > > 280] > 9. Da thuaith saera sechtmogat > > Forofoglaid, fir talma*n*; > > Da primshaer ar sechtmogait > > Fri heladhain na n-adhbar. > 10. Da aicde for sechtmoga*i*t, > > 285] In*na* cumhat, roghnathaigh, > > E*ter* ael *is* bitumain > > Ocus talmhain is tathluibh. > 11. Seacht cumat deg demnighthi > > Ag nim suas im gaeth ngairigh, > > 290] Is da cheim ar sechtmoga*i*t > > Inna leitheat fria airim.Airim in tuir. > Asberat araili immorro is noi n-adhbair nama badar isin tur .i. cre & uisgi, oland & fuil, ros & ael & sechim & lin & bitumain. de quibus dicitur:— 295] > 1. Cre, uisgi, oland is fuil, > > Ross is ael is lin lanchuir, > > Sechim, bitumain go mbuaidh > > Nai n-adhbair in tuir Nemruaidh. > .i. ainm & pronom*en* & briathar & doibriathar & ranngabthach 300] & comfhocul & reimshuidhiughudh & int*er*iacht a n-anmanda-seo: Nomen, pronomen, uerbum, aduerbium, participium, coniunctio, prepositio, interiectio .i. 1. cetpearsu uathaid. . . . sum .i. ataim 2. persa tanaisti huathaid . . . es .i. ata tu 305] 5. treas persa uath*aid* . . . est .i. ata se 6. cetfear {BB folio 317b1}) illda. . . . sumus .i. atamait 7. persa tanaisti . . . estis .i. ata sibsi 8. tres persa . . . sunt .i. atait. Sum, es, est, a uath*ad*. 310] Sumus, estis, sunt, a illda. --- p.24 #### 1 {BB folio 317b4} {E folio 21b18} *Attaat da earnail forsin n-aibgiteir Laitindai .i. guttai & consain.* Atait .i. sunt a frithindleadach Latinda .i. a bunadh forleathan: totus a bunadh ruidleasa .i. dearbadh in sein .i. freagra du thoit na haibgitrech 315] dobeir sund. Coich raind indsce in foc*u*l is sunt? ar itat viii randa insci and .i. nomen, pronomen, uerbum, aduerbium, participium, coniunctio, prepositio, interiectio. It e a n-anmand lasin Laitneoir, ainm, & briathar, & pronom*en* & doibriathar, randghab*thach*, & remshuidhiugud, 320] comhfhoc*u*l & interiacht ocon Gaed*el*. Is demin eimh conidh briathar in focul is sunt & ma seadh cia ball in brethir? air itait amh a tri i n-uath*ad* .i. sum, es, est; & a tri i n-ill*da* .i. sumus, estis, sunt .i. cetperso in uathaid sum; perso thanaisti in uathaid, es; tres perso 325] in huathaid, est. Cetperso in ill*da*, sumus; perso thanaisti, estis; tres perso in ill*da*, sunt. *Attaat* .i. ata *ae* i n-ait .i. ata ae dlig*idh* i n-ait in oll*aman* a inne: no attaat .i. atai ae uait, ar in descipul frisin maigistir. 330] A inne beos attaat a tuitead doaitneat doaigbead dotiagat. A airbert .i. atat i n-aigniudh na guttaighi & na consaini. Dotuitead i litrib .i. tinntuit asinn aic*niud* sin i llitrib. Doaitnead .i. taitnit asna litrib sin i foc*laib*. Doaidhbead .i. du-aispenait do eolchaib eistib .i. a cialla 335] & a caireachtaire .i. fuatha na lit*er*. Dotiaghat asna foc*laib* sin i comighib & i sreathaibh roscaigh & fasaigh & airchetail. --- p.26 {BB folio 317b31}{E folio 21b40} #### 1 *Da ernail .i.* da fhirin*n*ell, no da fhir-inaill, no da fhir-dhual, no da erdhul, no da erdhail, no da erdhual, no da orru-dhul, no da orru-dhedhail, no da orru-dhail. 340] Iss ias sin a tri *or*, & a tri *er*, & a tri *fir* nUraiceapta. Cadiad da dual & tri duail & cethri duail & coic duail i*n* Auraiceapta? Ni ansa. Lanfogur & defogur da dual na nguta: leathgutta ocus mudi & tinfeadhaigh-the tri dual na conso*n* .i. intan is a ceathair immorro 345] .i. da dual na nguta & da dual na conso*n* .i. leathguta e & muiti, air is muit *h*. Intan is a *coic* *dno* .i. da dual na nguta & tri dual na consan. *Forsin n-aibgitir* .i. forsind epe audair no forsind epe ic duar .i. ic focl*aib* no forsin epi ic tur: no ondi as apigitorium 350] .i. in tin*n*scedul: no is *ed* aibgiges a mbescna do chach: no aipgitir .i. abcor: no is *ed* aip*giges* a Gaedhelg, incipit a Lait*in*, apix a Greic, *a be ce de dybum* a Ebra. *Latindai* .i. luaidit inni .i. inna foc*lu*: no a Laidinta .i. on Latindacht .i. *a latitudine* .i. on leithet in bescna: no 355] o Latin mac Puin. *Edun* .i. ed a oen erniud no ed a oen an eolaig. *Gutta* .i. guth fotha .i. fotha in ghota in sein no guth fuiti iarsani fuidhit gotha treothu: {BB folio 318} no guth seta iarsinni as seta gotha, ut Priscianus dixit: Litera quassi 360] legittima eo quod iter legendi prebeat .i. in litir am*al* intech legend iarsinni fuires set in legind: no guth aite .i. doghniat --- p.28 {BB folio 318a4} {E folio 21b59} guth i n-aitt: no guthetait .i. iarsinni doetait guth treothu a n-aenur, ut Donatus dixit: Uocales sunt quequidem profertur et per se sillabam faciunt .i. atat na guthacha it iat- 365] side dourgbad treothu fein & dogniat sill*aib* a n-aenur. *Consain* .i. cainsuin .i. suin taitn*em*cha, no consain onni is consonantes comhfhog*ra*ightheacha .i. fograigit malle fri guthacha: no consai*n* .i. com a sain .i. t*er*cfograightheacha ar bec a fogair a n-aenar. Cid ara n-eibert-sium 370] guta & consain, uair guta uath*aid* & consain il*da*? Ni ansa. Guttai & consain is maith and. Cidh ara n-ebairt guta guth fotha no guta guth fuidhit, ar ni fotha in guth do fein, & ni fuigheand guth trit fein. Cid ara nd-ebairt-sium consain comfograighthid, uair ni comhfhogur in 375] consain fria fein no fria guth? Cest, caite in condelg in etechtu in cheternail ind Auraicept*a*? Ni ansa. *Fors* is fer*r* a fis is edechta sain, ar ni maith anfhis. Cid ara n-eabairt guta .i. guth shet, ar ni set is i fen. Caide ruidhles & dileas & coitchind & indles in foc*ail* is 380] guta? Ni ansa. Ruidhles di guth shet, uair etaidh guth a haenur. Diles di guth fuiit, uair nos-foidend fein. Coitchind di .i. guth fotha, uair is fotha hi isna focl*aib*. Indles di immorro guth fotha, uair ni fota hi inti fein. Cid ara n-ebairt aibgitir epe ic tur, ar ni tindscaintea 385] na h-aibgit*ri* amal asbert Fenius ba sai isna tri berlaibh cid siu tis*ad* a tuaid & ni saithi cen aipgitri. --- p.30 {BB folio 318a28} {E folio 22a17} I ndAchia immorro arrichta aibgit*ri* in domu*i*n. Cet-doichnedh & cet-dichnedh ind Auraicept*a* sund .i. A cet-doichnedh for .i. ar in focul: A chet-dichneadh *dno* .i. epe 390] augdair .i. tepe in focul fadesin. *Atat dano di ernail forsin beithi-luis-nin in oghaim .i. feadha & taebomnai. Dano* i da n-ui in sein uea caingen .i. in caingean forsin beithi-luis-nin in ogaim .i. in*n* oguamma no forsin bitheolus litterdha in*n* oghaim. *Fedha:* fidh 395] immorro, dorimter da gne for suidiu .i. fidh saerdha & fidh aicenta. Fid saerda .i. fid in*n* oghaim & fid aicenta fid na caille. Fid saerda immorro feghthair da gne do bunad oca. Fidh di*diu* ondi as *funo* fwnew, fograigim: no ondi is fundamentum .i. fotha & is coitchend do fhid saerda & do 400] fidh aicenta in bunad sin .i. fundamentum. Fid do*no* fo edh a inde et*er* saerda & aicenta. Fotha *dno* a airbert et*er* saerda & aicenta. Ingnad cidh fodera na da bunadh icon fid saerda & aenbunadh icon fid aicenta .i. *funo* & fundamentum? Ni ansa. *Funo* a dualus foghair & fundamentum a dualus 405] fotha & caitchend do fidh saerda & do fidh aicenta .i. fotha. Fidh .i. fedh ae uair itat coic ae and .i. ae ailes & ae chanas & ae aiges & ae mides & ae suides. Æ ailes *dno* .i. i cein mbis f*or* me*n*mai*n*, & ae chanas ica gabail & aei aighes ic --- p.32 {BB folio 318a48} {E folio 22a35} cuinchidh a lloige & ae midheas ima meit no imma 410] laighedh & ae suidheas iar n-icc a loigi. *Taebomnai* .i. taebuaim n-ai; no do thaebhaib na n-omnadh bit .i. do thaebaib na fidh n-aireghdha biit; no taebomnai {BB folio 318b1} .i. toba damna .i. iarsinni teipiter damna na focul eistib. Cid dia n-ebairt taebuaim n-ui .i. taebuaim 415] n-airchedail, air ni fil int airchetul inna n-ecmais na taeb*omna*. Cid ara n-ebarthar do taebhaib na n-omnadh .i. na feadha, ar ni do taebhaib bit acht rempu no 'na ndhiaidh isna focl*aib* bit na taebomna. Toba ndamna immorro, is e a ruidhles in foc*ail* sin. Freagra du breithir tug isin 420] aibgitir Latindai intan roraidh .i. *Itat da ernail forsin aibgitir Latinda.* Fregra du aicniud immorro tuc intan roraidh: *Atait da ernail forsin beithi-luis in ogaim.* Cuin is aen*d*a in beithi? Ni ansa. *A* huile. Cuin as deda .i. feda & taebomna. Cuin 425] as treda .i. fedha & forfedha & taebomna. Cuin as ceathair .i. tri aiccmi na taeb*omna* & na x feadha airegdha. Cuin as choicdi .i. fedha & forfedha & tri aicmi na taebomna. Cuin a*s* sedha .i. na tri foilcheasta in*n* ogaim .i. {illu32.1} Cuin a*s* seachta *.i.* teora fuilti ind Auraicepta .i. huath 430] & forsail & arni*n*. Huath cetumus: is *ed* fhuilleas *b* co ngeib greim *p* amal asbert in Laitneoir: *b* cum aspiratione pro *p* ponitur .i. samhaighthir *b* cu tinfiudh ar *p* conid fuill*eas* *h*, ar is *p* --- p.34 {BB folio 318b20} {E folio 22a55} tinfedh in Gaedhil. Forsail *is e* in fuill*ed* eile. Dob*eir* 435] cumang fedha forin son dia fot amal ata srón, slóg & rl. Arn*in*, is e in tres fuilled. In baile a rreagar a leas da thaebomna geibidh greim indala n-ai arni*n*, ut est ceand & rl., ar ni bhi eamhnad in n-ogam. Tri foilcheasta in*n* oghaim .i. ceirt & gedal & straiph. In baile i mbi *c* ria 440] n-*u* is queirt is scribhtha and, ut est cuileand & rl. In baili i mbi *n* ria *g* is gedul i*s* scribtha and, ut est uingi & cuing & cingit & rl. In baile i mbia *s* ria *d* *is* straiph as scribtha and amal ata *st* an stial, & rl. *Da earnail forsna consainib laisin Laitneoir .i. lethgutai 445] & mutti. Inna lethgutai ceatamus, a tuistidi rempu. In muite immorro, a tuistidi ina ndiaid do suidib.* *Da ernail* *dno* .i. da firdedail di*diu* forsna consai*n*ib cumaidhi lasin Laitneoir .i. lasin litertreoraidh no lasin legtreoraid no lasin leat*h*anthoirnidh .i. *lethguttai* & 450] *muitti*; lethgutai .i. leth gotha focertad dia fograigud; no luithguith; no lethguthait no lethguth*sh*et no lethguth fotha: & ni hiarsan*n*i co mbad leath gotha co cert nobeith intibh acht nad roichet lanfoghur; unde Priscianus dixit: Quicquid in duas partes diuiduntur altera pars dicitur 455] semis .i. secip ni fodhlaidir i ndibh randaib, raiter in dara rand gu rub leath, ut Priscianus dixit: Non qui demediam partem habent deorum uel uiuorum sed qui pleni dii uel uiri non sunt .i. cia raidhiter iarum lethfir & lethtii ni arsinni bhatis *dii* leithfir no batis lethfir dii 460] acht na*ch* at comlana. Is amlaid sin na leathghuta nida*t* comfhoc*ail*, ut Donatus dixit: Semiuocales sunt que per se --- p.36 {BB folio 318b49} {E folio 22b17} quidem proferuntur et per se sillabam non faciunt .i. atat na leathghutai nahi dourgabtar treothu fen. Qui*c*quid asperum dicitur auditus expellit .i. i*n*narbaid int eisteacht 465] {BB folio 319} secib ni raiter co hagarb. *Muiti* .i. mifothai no maitha no maidthi .i. bec caithte a foghur; no mette, no moite na gotha a mbeith marae*n* friu; no onni as *mutus* .i. amlabar & ni airsinni batis amlab*ar* di raith, air itat a fhoghuir intib cidh diat becca, ut Priscianus 470] dixit: Informis mulier dicitur non quia caret forma sed male formata est .i. atberar in bannscal dodheilb & ni iar-sinni seachmallas o dheilbh acht midhealb fuirri nama. Is amlaidh sin iarum na muiti nidat nemfog*ra*igh acht is terc fogur intibh tantum. Unde mute .i. mifhot*h*a dicuntur ut 475] Donatus dixit: Mute sunt que per se nec proferuntur et per se sillabam non faciunt .i. atat na muiti & it e na denat in sillaib treothu fen & noco turcbait*er* treothu & rl. *Na* *leathgutai chetamus* .i. in cetna ae for seis .i. iar fofis no in cetna fis no in cetna amus forsin n-asneis. *A tustidi 480] remibh* *.i. in lucht ota a tusmiud .i. na feada*. *Na muiti immorro a tustidi ina ndiaidh i suidhibh* .i. isna feadhaibh dlightheachaib. A tustighthidi .i. in lucht ota a teasargain no a ti*n*nscital .i. a nguthaidhe. Cid ara n-ebairt *a tustidhe 'na ndiaidh* maso thustidhi ti*n*nscital, uair 485] ni gnath in tindscedul fo dheoidh. Ni hedh eimh as ail dosum sund ar ma*d* tustidi in ti*n*nscedul etir, acht mad ae roscichestar i*n*na menmain .i. dlig*ed* gotha fil i tosuch na leathguta do airisim leis fo dheoidh & in dlig*ed* consonata fil intib fo deoidh do chur uad 490] prius. --- p.38 {BB folio 319a24}{E folio 22b41} #### 1 *Nir bu immaircidi son lasin nGaedel, ar mbad aicnead doib dib linaib a nguth remib & ina ndiaid air is ed rob imaircidi la suidi co mbadh an toseach doairesedar lais & an dedhinach du chur uadh conid muiti uili 495] beithi-luis-nin in oghaim acht feadha nama .i. nir bo im(airgidi seon)* .i. nir bu em ae aireic *son*; no nir bo eim aireachtain suad son; no nir bo imuca urasa soon; no nir bo uca immorro soon *lasin nGaedel*; no nochor bo reim im gothaidhi .i. lasin ngaeth dul .i. lasin fear iga raibi in 500] dul gaeth; ar mad aicneadh, no ar mad ae gnithi doibh diblinaib .i. duna lethg*uthaibh* & dona muitibh a ngotha remibh & ina ndiaid .i. remib & ina ndhiaid .i. remib dona lethguth*aib* & ina ndiaidh dona muitib: acht ata acht leam and cheana & is *ed* robo em airechtain suad la sen co mbad 505] in*d* ae rosechastar ina menmam .i. in guth fil isin leath*guthaibh* no-airis*ed* lais fo dheoidh, & a ndeidenach fuach do chor ae int shuadh .i. in taebomnai do chor ar tus conod mi-ait labartha in bitheolais litterda in ogaim: *acht feadha nama* per i*n*istrofen a ainm sin .i. traide den impsoud .i. 510] amal ata *l* co mbadh *le* nobeith and, & *n* co mbad *ne* nobeth and. Cid ar mad fearr leis-sium a mbith comtis muiti huili quam (.i. inas) a mbeith leathg*uta* & muiti amal robatar icon Laitneoir? Ni ansa. Ar sechem G*re*c, ar ni filet lethg*utai* la suidibh & roba do Grecaib do Feinius; no *dno* is ar uaisli uird na nGrec ut 515] dicitur: Omne uile priuspomitur, omne bonum postponitur --- p.40 {BB folio 319a51} {E folio 23a1} .i. samaigthir gach ndereoil {BB folio 319b1} ar tus & gach sainemail co forbu. *Innsci tra cis lir innsci dochuisin la Feni (.i. ifi*n* che).* 520] *Ni ansa. A tri .i. ferinnsci & baninnsci & demhinsce lasin nGaidel .i. mascul & femen & neodar lasin Laitneoir. Cest, caide deochair eturru? Ni ansa. Nosdeochratar a tri urluimi indsce .i. hic hec hoc .i. ise isi ised .i. ise in fear, isi in bhean, ised in neam.* 525] *Cest, cuin immairigh eter in innsci & in duil dia n-innisin? Ni ansa. Intan feadair a hinsci choir fuirri iar n-aicniudh. Ni imaircidi immorro eturru intan feadair innsci for a n-aill .i. ferinsci for baninnsci no baninsci for ferinsci no deiminsci for neachtar n-aei. Feadair em* 530] *ferinsce for baninnsce intan asberar ise in banmhac-sa*, ut dixit poeta: > 1. Dia mbadh missi in banmacan, > > Nocechrainn cach faelmacan; > > Fer nad fintar gu gcluinnter, > > 535] Slancheill chein duib, a muindter. > *Fedair *dno* baninnsci for fearinnsci intan asberar isi in gabur*: > 1. Isi in gabuir uair is each, > > Ise in gabur cid meighleach, > > 540] Isi in chorr cid reil nos-rel, > > Ise in mintan cid banen. > *Fedair *dno* deiminnsci for ferinnsci no baninsci intan asberar is ed a cheann sechis ceann fir on no mna*, ut dicitur: 545] > 1. Ceand mna romannair mo mod, > > Dos-far*r*aidh don, ni deilm ndil, > > Is ed ceand is grannium sain > > Do neoch fil for muin fo nim. > --- p.42 #### 1 {BB folio 319b27} {E folio 23a23} *Fedair *dno* baninnsce for deiminnsce intan asberar 550] is i in chloch*, ut dicitur: > 1. Is he in lia, lith rolas, > > Iar srethaib suadh in senchas; > > Is ed onn iar n-aicneadh ail, > > Is i in cloch iar saerdataid. > > 555] > 4. Is e in daigh d*er*g dighdi dath > > Frisna geibthi cath na cith; > > Is ed ceand is chaemu cruth; > > Fail gu mbruth forsmbroeniu bith. > 5. Samail a dealba ca*n* chleith > > 560] Ealbha ingine Idhaidh; > > Fri goir ngreni glaine ar gurt, > > Is fris samlaim a caemtucht. > *Mad iar n-urd choir na ndula, immorro, ni ainm ferinnsci no baninsci acht du neoch dufuisium & o tuisimar; & ba deme chena aicneadh na huile. Duepenar *dno* deminnsci a ferinnsci no a baninnsci. Doepenar *dno* ferinnsci & baninnsci a deiminnsci, amal ata isna rannaibh[2](javascript:footNote('G502003/note002.html')), & it he sin na deime tebede & na lanamna deme & a ngeni-se.* Insci .i. scientia (.i. ecna) a bunadh Laitne. Scothegna a airbert. Innische a in*n*e .i. innisiu iar caei iar conair: conar .i. ceangar: tra .i. dorrae cucunn no durae uaini .i. inn asneis; no tra .i. a tri .i. na tri hinnsci .i. ferinsci & baninsci & deiminsci. *Ferinnsci* immorro forinnsci 575] no firinnsci no fo*f*herinsce no firenninnsci no ferdha innsci no ferr inda innsci na mmna *bis indsci in fir* no ferinsci nama bis. *Baninnsci* *dno* .i. baninnsci .i. ba fir no buan innsci no bonen*n*innsci no bona scientia --- p.44 {BB folio 319a51} {E folio 23a42} .i. dagfis no {BB folio 320} fo innsci in fir bis innsci na mna. 580] *Demindsci* *dno* .i. deim insci, no deme insci, no deiminsci fuirri no in dem is onni as *dem*o** .i. dighbaim ita: no dibeo insci .i. insce dimbeoaighthi .i. ni hinnsce sluinnes du biu. Cuin is erlun*n*? Is erlon*n* em intan dosb*er*e fri a 585] n-aill, ut est, is e in fear & rl. Is etargaire *dno* et*er* fhem*em* & masc*u*l insin: no is etargaire intan deifriche fri neach n-aili co n-anmai*rm* a athar senrud. Innsci intan asberar is e nama gen eraill maille fris, ut Priscianus dixit: Oratio est or*di*natio congrua*m* dictionum perfectam 590] *que* sententiam demostrans .i. ata i*n* innsci ordugud comimaircide na n-epers faillsiges in ceil*l* foirbthi. Erlonn inund eter da erlonn nach it inund .i. fri se no fri sed, air ni erlond is sed, is remshuidiugud. Ferinnsci aicnid, is e in fer: ferinnsci saerda, is e an 595] neam. Baninnsci aicnid, is i in bean: baninnsci saerda, is i in chloch. Deminnsci aicnid, is ed an neam: deminnsci saerda, is ed in ceand. Aicneadh caem and & aicned etigh. Aicned caemh cetumus: is i a sron no a suil na mna. Aicned n-eitigh immorro, is i a fhiacail 600] no a bhel na mna & is cail gotha fodera sin .i. ni ni acht neamgnathugudh amal atat na focail berlai na athgen*n*mar .i. nit binde lenn uair nis-gnathaigem. Mascol & fem*en* & neod*ur* lasin Laitneoir .i. *mas* fear & cul comet: no comfhiscol .i. moo a fis & a col quam col na mna; no is onni 605] is masculinus .i. masculini. Femen *dno* .i. femder .i. feme --- p.46 {BB folio 320a26} {E folio 23a63} Graece, uirgo Latine: ander gach slan. Femdeir didiu .i. ogh-ingen; no fem*en quasi femer* .i. a femore .i. femur .i. sliasat, air is and is ben-si intan fognaithir dia sliasait; no fem*en* .i. flesc no maitnechas unde femina de flescda no 610] maithchnechas dicitur; no is onni as feminina, femina .i. banda no banecoscda no bangnethach no bangnimach. Neudur .i. ni fetur cia cenel, uair nach si no se; no neutur onni as neutrum neimhneachtardha .i. nec hoc nec illud .i. nec masculinum nec femininum. Cest, onni a*s* sciscor, 615] com*a*ircim. Caite deochair eturru? Ni ansa. Nas-defrigidar a tri urlundinnsci .i. a iii remslonnudh .i. slointi rempu .i. riasna hinscibh .i. ise isi ised: acht ata urlaind sin a tindscedul a nd-edargnu remsluind dona foclaib ina ndiaidh; & insce fem*en* & masc*u*l & neutur tuicthear trethu. 620] Etardheilighther *dno* eter na tri cenelaibh. Cest, cuin imaric (.i. cuin as aenairectain suad) eter in insci & in duil dia n-innisen? Ni ansa. Intan fogabhar a hinnsci choir fuirri. Acht do neoch dofuisim & o tuisimar atat da thuismiudh and, tuismiudh aicenta & tuismiudh saerda. 625] Tusmiudh aicenta gei*ne* .i. mac sceo ingean o mnai: tusmiud saerda .i. fer o thal*main*, amal asbeir Uraicept: mor easba in talman me*n*i tusmedh clanda. Cetheora fodhla saerdhatadh .i. deifir rainde & tugait bindi*usa* & illugud labartha & cuimri raid. Deifir rainni, ut est, is e in 630] banmac-sa .i. din raind oigi fil and isin ingin is --- p.48 {BB folio 320b1} {E folio 23b18} ai*n*m: Tucait hindiusa, ut est, is i in ghabair & d'eoch ban is ainm .i. goar .i. solus isin Fenic*h*us (no isin Breatnais) co tuc in file *be* fris ar ttucait mbinniusa: Hilugud labartha, ut est, is ed a cend & is liate in da urlabra: 635] Cuimri raid, ut est, rusc immi & criathar arba; uair ropad emilt rusc im imim & criathar im arbor do rad. Air is e da modh labartha fil and .i. modh n-aicenta & modh saerdatadh. *Secht n-eatargaire tra dochuisneat .i. a ngrad condeilg lasin Laitneoir is eatargoiri a n-ainm lasin filid. Etargoiri 640] in incoisc i persainn, etargaire n-inchoisc persainni, etargoire persainni i gnim, etargoire persainne i cessadh. Etargaire derscaigti i nderscugud .i. possit & comparait & superlait lasin Laitneoir .i. fothugudh & forran & formoladh lasin filid: maith & fearr & fearrson 645] lasin nGaedeal; etargoire meite i mmetughudh, etargoire lughaghthe i lugugud. Etargoire n-inchoisc hi persaind cetumus: unnse (.i. in fer) unnsi (.i. in ben) onnar (.i. i*n* nem): etargoire in inchoisc persainni, me faden, tu faden, he faden, sinni fadesin, sibsi fadesin, 650] siat-som fadesin. Etargaire persainni i ngnim: darignius , darignis, darigne, darignisam, darignesaib, darigensad. Etargaire persainni i cessadh: rom-char-sa, rot-char-su, rocharsom, roinchar-ne, rom-charabair-si, roscarsad. Etargaire derscaigthi i nderscugud .i. maith 655] & ferr & ferrsom* (.i. lasin nGaedel coitchend a n-ecmais in filed, fothugad immorro la sidhe). *Etargaire mete i mmetugud: mor & moo & moosom. Etargaire lughaighthi i llugh*ug*udh: bec & lugum & lugusomh.* --- p.50 {BB folio 320b28} {E folio 23b43} *Secht n-etargoire* .i. i*s* soighthi dia mbe inna eolus; 660] no is saighthi dia mbe i n-aineolus. Etargoire .i. isinn etechtu ata .i. isin sechtmad ernail in sechta ita in condelg uile ut est: Pars pro tota & tota pro parte .i. in rand dar eis na toiti & in toiti dar eis na rainni. Etargoire .i. etardheilighthi i treidhib & etargairi .i. gair guth .i. 665] etarghnugh*ud* in ghotha andsin; no etargleodh .i. iar ngleodh a fheassa etarru. *In chondealg lasin Laitneoir is etargoiri lasin filid*: filidh .i. fialsaighi no fialshuighi: no fi ani aerais, & li ani molais: no fili onni is philosophus .i. fellsamh ar dliged in 670] filed guru fellsumh. Cidh ar nach treidhi lasin Laitneoir in condelg amal as treidhi lasin nGaedel in*n* edarghoiri .i. meid & inni & inchosc? Dedhe immorro lasin Laitneoir .i. meid & inni na*m*ma .i. bonus et malus is i in indi: magnus et minus is i in meid. Is ed a inni lasin nGaedel .i. maith & 675] olc im*malle*. Is i a meid .i. mor & beg: & is mor lais-*s*ium*h* a mbeg i coneilg in neich is lughu. Inchosc im*morro* agon fhilid, ni condelg es*id*e etir lasin Laisneoir, acht pronomen et uerbum. Cidh fodera dosumh a radh *a ngradh conde*i*g lasin* 680] Laitneoir is edargoiri a ainm laisin filid & ni fuil acht tri graidh condeilg lasin Laitneoir, & atat secht n-etargoire icon filid? Ni dia chutrumugud eim dosum *dno*, acht ita etargoire lasin filid is condelg lasin {BB folio 321} Laitneoir .i. etargoire derscaigthi i nderscugud. Ni cach etargoire is 685] condeilg & is cach condealg is etargoire. Cidh ar madh condelg las-*s*ium posit? Ni ansa. Ar is i as fotha, & ata --- p.52 {BB folio 321a4} {E folio 23b63} derscughudh di, ut dicitur, airim fri unair, ut est: Unus non est numerus sed fundamentum numeri .i. nochon fhil int aen co mbad airim, acht ata conidh fotha airim, & amal ita alt 690] icon Gaedhel, & ni dech fadesin, cidh la deochu adrimt*her*, & tria saerdataid insin .i. int alt aicenta im*morro* de posit. Cid arnid ainm comparaiti doberat-somh forin condelg uili? Ni ansa. Poisit cetumus: Ni derscaigh do ni: S*upe*rlait *dno*, ni derscaigt*her* di. Comparait immorro 695] derscaighidh di neoch, derscaigther di, conid airisin is ainm fo*r*iata in condelg. Caite condelg ceilli cen son, & condelg suin cen cheill, & condelg suin & ceilli molle? Condelg ceilli cen son, ut est: bonus, melior, optimus. Condelg suin cen ceill, ut est: 700] bonus, bonior, bonimus; nobhiadh iar sun sain & ni fil iar ceill. Condelg suin & ceilli malle, ut est: magnus, maior, maximus is i in sin in condelg techta. Bid *dno* maith, & ni bi derrscugud de, ut est Deus. Caite deochair eter se & uinse? Uindse cetumus: sluind 705] persainni *sain*raidchi insin, ut dicitur: unse uait in fer-sa saindriud cona anmaim, ut dixit poeta: > 1. Unse chugut in gillgugan, > > M*ac* r*e*arrgugan; > > Bid cach maith lat ar cingugan, > > 710] A ceallgugan. > Sluind ceniuil immorro amal ata is e in fear, & ni fes cia sainriudh, acht is fer tantum. Cidh fodera ind --- p.54 {BB folio 321a26} {E folio 24a14} irlond conidh in*n*sci & conidh etargoire .i. intan is innsci is ac sluind innsci b*is*, acht isa oen; & atberat is e 715] in fer uair is erlond i suidhiu. Is ann is etargoire intan asberar unse. Sluind ceneoil amal ata in etargairi inchoisc i persaind .i. isin persaind fein ita a hinchosc co n-aichniter trit ic sluind cetpersainde & persainde tanaisti & tret persainde atat na hetargaire uili. 720] Cidh ar nar ba leor leis-*s*ium a rad me i n-etargaire inchoisc persainne? Ni ansa. Etargaire deifrighudh na persainde tria hinchosc di fadein .i. in chetpersu uathaid, conar bo leor a radh me co n-abair me fadein, air is demniti & is deligidi fri ca*ch* persaind a radh me fadein, ut 725] dicitur: imponendo egomet *ipse enim ego feci & non alius cum dicitur egomet* uair is me fein & ni neach eli intan asberar egomet. Quicquid iteratur ut firmus fiat .i. biaid corob demnite gach ni athairrigthir. Fogabar *dno* in comparait cen phosit, ut est: Dulcius est mare Ponti*c*um quam cetera 730] maria .i. i*s* somillsi muir Point andat na muiri ar chena, & condelc in etechta in sin. Condelc in etechta da*no* in cetna ernail in Auraicepta .i. fors .i. ferr a fhis. Is etecta insin; ar ni maith int anfis. Finit primus liber. Incipit do lebur Ferc*her*tne. #### 2 Loc don libur-sa Emain 735] Mhacha. I n-aimsir Conchobair mic Neassa. Persu do Ferchertne fil*i*. Tucait a denma du breith aesa faind & boirb for seis {BB folio 321b1}. Seachta frisa toimsiter Gaedhelg .i. fid & deach, reim & forba*i*dh, alt & indsci & etargoiri. 740] --- p.56 {BB folio 321b4} {E folio 24a36} *Seachta* .i. septim a bunadh lasin Laitneoir. Seacht n-ae a hinni .i. seachta da aeib doimiter and. A airbert .i. a airimh .i. vii primeillge na filideachta; no brosnacha bairdne; no vii n*d*eich na filidheachta i n-ecmais dialta, ar ni fil in seachta annside: is aire rofacbadh. Coitcheand & diles & 745] ruidhles conadar don foc*ul* is seachta: Coitchend do cach airimh seachta*.* Diles do a seacht diuidib. Ruidhles do in cetairimh sechta fris a nd-ebradh .i. fri seacht laithib na seachtmaine. Innleas a tabairt íor airimh n-aili acht for a seacht. Tomus .i. mensura a bunad lasin Laitneoir. 750] Toimes a hinni. Toimhes a airbert .i. to tenga & meas airi fen .i. meas doghnither o theangaidh. In gne no in cenel tom*hus*? Is cenel eimh. Cest, caitet a gnee? Ni ansa. Tomus filideachta & tomus bairdni & tomus prosta. Cadé ruidhleas & dileas & coitchend 755] & indles hi tomus? Ni ansa. Ruidhleas do filideacht .i. a breith ria seacht. Diles do bairdni .i. a tomus fri cluais & fri coir n-anala. Coitchend immorro de prois o dhialt immach. Indles do se*n* immorro, air ni fil alt and. Seachta fo 760] vii for sechta inso sis. *Fidh* .i. fundamentum a bunad Lait*ne*: Fo edh a hinni: fotha, no fidh ae a airbert. Ruidhles & diles & coit*chend* indil*es* do fedhaib .i. ruidhles do fhedhaib aireghdhaibh, diles do f*orfh*edhaib. Coitchend immorro do thaebomnaib 765] acht huath. Indles do sen immorro, air ni taebom*na* etir, ut est: *h* non est litera sed nota aspirationis .i. nocho n*fh*uil *h* co mbad litir acht ata conidh noit tinfidh. Tinfedh .i. --- p.58 {BB folio 321b30} {E folio 24 a 55} tiniudh feadh .i. nemnigudh feadha do radh friu sin uili. Is ed is ruidhles & is diles & is choit*chend* doib. 770] *Deach* *dno* troich (no ar frithindlidhach) a bunadh Laitne. Degfuach no defuach da*no* a hinni: dibh uaighthir immorro *a* airbert intan i*s* sreath. Caite ruidhles & diles & coitchend indles isna deac*h*aibh? Ruidhles doib a n-anmand fein do rad friu amal ata dialt. Diles doib dialt do radh fri 775] cach n-ai dibh, air is dialt duf*or*maidh gach n-ae dib for araili. Coitchend doib deich do radh fri cach dib. Indleas do dhialt im*morro* deach duna seacht ndeachaib ele do radh fris, air ni fil alt and. *Reim* da*no* .i. re hua*m*ma ai a hinni intan is filideacht, 780] re huam intan is bairdni .i. ni huaim tomais dlig*thig*. Reim da*no* .i. raid uaim intan is phrois. Reim da*no* a airbert, diall no t*uis*eal a bunadh: no reim onni as *robamus* .i. comhshuidhiughud a bunadh. Ruidles do reim do fid for fid i filideacht: diles do taebreim ceatharcubaid 785] filideachta & bairdne. Coit*chend* immorro do reim suin cen cheill & do reim suin & cheilli immaille: diles do prois: indles immorro do reim suin namma, uair ni fillt*ir*. Cid dosum nar bo lor lais a radh me na*m*ma co nn-earbairt me fadein, ut supra? 790] Ceithri gnei immorro for prois o {BB folio 322a1} reim .i. reim suin, amal ata fer. Is as remnigther. Reim ceilli, amal ata P*at*r*aic*. Ni airicar a reim suin, air is aendealb --- p.60 {BB folio 322a3} {E folio 24b9} fora ainmnid & fora g*e*n*itil*: reim suin & ceilli amal ata Fland Flaind. Taebreim prosta .i. me fadein, ar is 795] taebreim cach ni nach lanreim. Treda ara togarar reim .i. reim as, ut est, fer, air is as remnigther. Reim ind, ut est, fir, air is ind reimnigther. Reim as & ind malle, ut est, in fer .i. a ainmniugud & a inchosc ann malle. Reim da*n*o ceim a airbert: 800] > 1. Bellat mathair Niu*i*l neimnigh > > Do chloind Laitin langeimligh > > Fuair bas i llo grene glain, > > Cele Feniusa Farsaidh. > .i. reim do fidh for fidh ut est: 805] > 1. Sian sleibi s*ir*lata serind > > Senshaili senim snechta snac > > Slisiu slice samad saball > > Snaithe snithe saland sacc. > *Forbaid* *dno* .i. aiccentus lasin Laitneoir, a bunad onni 810] is firmarius .i. ilghnuiseach: forbid (.i. forin focul) no for fust no for cumair. Forbaid no forbeoidh no forbaid a inne. Forbeoidh intan is forsail .i. sail fair; no forsail .i. is for fuilliudh, iarsanni fothaighes in focul for fut. Forbaidh *dno* forbaidh intan is dinin dishail .i. sech nin ni sail acht duir; 815] no dinin dishail .i. disein di-fuilliud .i. nemhfhuilliudh. Forbaidh *dno* .i. fair bidh intan is ernin .i. ernid nin, no fairnin. Forbaidh *dno* .i. gor *fh*idhbait a airbert: ruidhleas do forsail: diles do ernin a beith for fut no for gair. Coitchend do dinin disail, no dona huile forbaidibh 820] forbaid do radh friu. Indles immorro do forbaid dib dul i llocc araili .i. do da forbaid na nguth*aige* --- p.62 {BB folio 322a26} {E folio 24b22} & d'aenforbaid na taebomn*a* .i. forbaidh uath*aid* & forbaidh ilair no ilair f*or* uath*ad*, no f*or*b*aid* fuit for cumair: no indles gan a fuath do sgribeand. 825] *Alt* onni as altus .i. uasal a bunad lasin Laitneoir: alt da*no* onni alteir ina menmain a imne. Alt co feser i*mmorro* a airbert .i. co feser cia halt aircetail b*er*a fri sechta .i. i*n* nath, inn anair, inn anamain, in laidh, in setrad, in sainemain. Alt in anma prosta in re n-aimsire bis eter in da s*h*ill*aib* a 835] inni: *alt* co feser a airbert. Caite ruidhles & diles & coitchend, indles alta? Ni ansa. Ruidhles .i. do aiste do alt filideachta: diles immorro do alt bairdne .i. do aiste. Coitchend indles do fhoclaibh na proise .i. coitchend do cach focul i mbiat alta; indles immorro do dialt, ar ni bi alt and. 835] *Indsce* da*no* .i. s*c*ientia a bunad Laitne: in deschae a inne: scothecna a airbert: no insci, co feser in aisti urdalta .i. co feser in si no in se in aisti b*er*a fri sechta amal roghabh is e in nath, is i in laid. In*d*sci in anma prosta .i. ferin*d*sci & banin*d*sci & deminsci. Cate ruidles & diles & coitchend, 840] indles, na hinsce? Ruidles don insci aicenta caemh: diles don insci aicenta ecaem: coitchend indles don insci saerda .i. coitchend ara gnathugud, indles immorro ara aindilsi. *Etargaire* *dno* onni is etarg*ra*dimus .i. foruaslaigeach: --- p.64 {BB folio 322a45} {E folio E 24b34} etargnaghudh gotha a inne: etardeliugud a airbert. Cate 845] ruidles & diles & coitchend & indles etargaire? Ruidles do etargaire derscighthigi i nderscughud, air is i frecras in condelc. Diles immorro do etarg*aire* inchoisc i persaind, uair i*s* sloinniudh persainni saindredaigi. Coitchend indles immorro dona etarg*airib* ar chena .i. coitchend 850] in uird comairme: indles immorro do neoch dib na frecair condelg. Cest, in gne {BB folio 322} no in cenel in fidh? Is cenel emh: & masa chenel, cadet a gnee? Ni ansa. Fid saerda & fid aicenta .i. fid saerda fid inn ogaim; fid aicenta immorro 855] fid na cailli. Et fid inn ogaim, in gne no in cenel? Is cenel ecin, ar techtaid gne .i. fid aireagda, & forfidh, & taebomna. Is e insin in cenel cenelach gneach .i. fid. Cest, in gne no in cenel in deach? Is cenel emh, ar techtaidh gne .i. secht ndeich na filideachta. Is e sin in 860] cenel gneach baghabhat ocht n-ernaili c*e*a*ch*tar ngne na filideachta. Cest, in gne no in cenel in rem? Is cenel .i. techtaid da gne .i. filideacht & bairdne .i. reim do fidh for fidh & taebreim do fidh for fidh, ut est: 865] > 1. Coluim caid cumachtach & rl. > Taebreim immorro ut est: > 1. A *Fh*laind at luam in gaiscidh grinn > > Co Maistin maill. > > At glan, at gaeth, is garg do rind, > > 870] At laech, a *Fh*laind. > --- p.66 #### 2 {BB folio 322b12} {E folio 24b52} Ceithri gne for prois o reim .i. reim suin cen cheill, & reim suin & ceilli, & taebreim prosta, & reim suin namma. Reim suin cen cheill cetumus .i. fer fir: reim suin & cheilli .i. Fland Flaind: reim suin t*antum* P*at*r*aic* Pat*raic*: & 875] taebreim prosta .i. fadein. Tri gne ara togarar reim .i. reim ind, & reim ass, & reim ind & ass malle: reim ass ut est fer; reim ind ut est fir isin reimniugud: reim ind & ass .i. *in* *fear* .i. *ind* teit & ass teit a lanreim ind i ndual*us* fogur huathaid & ina dualgus foghar ilair. Reim ind & ass 880] maille .i. ind a dualgus foghur uathaid & ilair immalle inna dualus ceilli: no reim ind .i. Pat*raic*, ar ni fil ind iar ceill: reim ind & ass malle .i. Fland Flaind, ar ita ind iar ceill & ita ass iar suin. Is e sin in cenel cenelach gneach cenel*a*ch rochumadh sund forsna secht remendaib & rl. Cest, in gne no in cenel ind forbaidh? Is cenel, ar techtaidh tri gnee. Is e sin in cenel for a tarrasa tri gnee na Gaedelge. Cest, in gne no in cenel int alt? Is cenel ecin, ar isas tri gnee fai .i. als saerda & alt aicenta & alt co feser. Int alt co feser 890] techtaid coic ngne & coic cenela. Cest, in gne no in cenel indsci? Is derb conid cenel & techtid na tri indsce. Is saincenel deochraides in doman. Cest, in cenel no in gne in etargoiri? Is cenel eim, uair dianairmidi a gnei. Iss e in cenel etardefriges na huili & rl. 895] Cest, caide e*ss*e in sechtu frisa tomsigt*her* in Goe*de*lg? --- p.68 {BB folio 322b35} {E folio 25a7} Ni ansa. E*ss*e feda cetamus .i. i*n* blog aoir tebide gebhes in fid i n-elluch focail, *unde poeta dixit*: > 1. E*ss*e feda is fretede > > Ferr duib a aicne occaib > > In blog aeoir thepide > > 900] Techtas i n-elluch focail. > Caite e*ss*e deich? Ni ansa. In li*n* no inn uaite son n-oe*n*congbalach airimther o dialt co bricht cona n-atghabail diblinaib. Caide e*ss*e remme? Ni ansa. In bruudh fillti 905] fogurda forbriste foil otha in ainmiudh n-uathaid co foxlaid n-ilair. Caite e*ss*e fuirbhthe? Ni ansa. In tormach no in digb*ail* n-aimsire airighes aic*ned* i comhshiniudh fri fog*ur*. Cate e*ss*e alta? Ni ansa. In toe tengadh fil don filid a*c* ceimniughud don litir for araill mad alt saerda, no 910] don sillaib for araili mad alt aicenta. Cate e*ss*e insce? Ni ansa. In foludh firen f*oir*bthe fegthair isna tri cenelaibh. Cate e*ss*e etargairi? Ni ansa. Int athfegadh mete no laiget no inde no incho*i*sc no edardeifrighi no etardelighthi no edarderscaigthe rodealbh Dia eter 915] duilib. Cate tomhus fri sechta? Ni ansa. In fid tuisseach bis isin rand {BB folio 323} & in taebomna tuissecha do thabairt ar aird, & co festar na feda bes isin taebchubaidh in raind, & gu robe in fidh cetna bes isind imrecru na tarmthortcheand, 920] & gu rub inund a lin do thaebomnaib bes impu, & co festar cia deach dona ocht ndeachaib daroigh i n-aisti, & co festar in taebreim no in reim do fid for fidh, & co festar --- p.70 {BB folio 323a6} {E folio 25a28} cia forbaidh bes for son ce*neoil* ind imfrecrai, & co festar cia halt dona seacht n-altaibh ind aircetail .i. na filideachta. 925] Insce .i. co feasar in se fo in si in*n* aisti. Etargaire .i. co feser cia gne in aircetail do gne do thomus fri sechta. Et intan ba roscadh na tomaiste and, cindas nothomhsidhe? ar ni bidh lancubaidh no taebchubhaid and. Ni ansa. Do foc*u*l forba anaile no-taispenta don choiceadh 930] foc*u*l, uair is coic foc*ai*l romesadh i n-anail in filed. Cate sechta in ochta ind Auraicepta? Ni ansa. Insan is ocht ndialta i mbricht is and is secht n-alta. Cate in focul oenchongbhalach dechongbalach treconngbalach? Ai*n*mnigther o trian: & ni ruidhilsi do in trian o n-ainmnigther 935] nadat na da trian o n-ainmnighther iarcomarc. Caitiat na da taebomna gabhait greim guth*aige*? .i. *c* & *r* ar essi *a*, ut est: Coluim Cille cecinit: > 1. Im ba sessach im ba seng, > > Im ba tresach, tuirme glonn, > > 940] A C*h*r*íst*! in congebha lind > > O thi co te*acht* ar lind long? > *Caite tomus fri fid! Ni ansa. Co feisear a llín & a n-uaite, a met & a laiget, a cumung & a n-ecumung, a neart & a n-aimneart. Is ed a lin: coic aicmi ogaim 945] .i. coicfear cacha aicmi, & oen co a coic cach ae, condadeligitar a n-airdi. It e a n-airdi: deasdruim, tuathdruim, --- p.72 {BB folio 323a27} {E folio 25a43} leasdrum, tredruim, imdruim. Is amlaid imdreangair crand .i. saltrad fora freim in croind ar tus & do lam dess reut & du lam cle fo deoid. Is iarsin is 950] leis & is fris & as trit & as immi. It e a ndeiligte feada & forfheda* ut est: a*s* sedha .i. na tri foilcheasta in*n* ogaim .i. {illu72.1} *Cest, cid ara n-ebertar feda fri suidiu? Ni ansa, fobith domiter friu & co n-uaigiter[3](javascript:footNote('G502003/note003.html')) condaib,* ut dicitur *luis ailme, beithi ailme. Cindas domiter frisna taebomna 955] amal fidu? Ni ansa. Cach da thaebomna ar fid hi cubaid, cach da cobfid i cubaid: is ed is cubaid iarum co robe an fid cetna beas isna fociaib in imfreccrai, & co rob inund a lin du taebomna beas intib, ut est, bas & las: & bras & gras: ceand & leand: dorn & 960] corn: dond & cond.* Caite tomus fri fid? .i. co fesser a lin & a n-uaiti .i. a lin a coic aicmib & a n-uaiti i n-aenaicmi; a met & a llaiget .i. a met hi coic flescaib & a llaiget i n-aenflescaib. Caite deochair eter a cumang & a neart? 965] A cumang cetamus: Intan gabaid guth a n-aenur .i. *a* no *o* no *u*. *A* nert immorro intan dos-bere primshuidhiugud i sillaib, amal ata bais & lais. C'aite deochair eter a n-egumang & a n-ai*m*nert? Ni ansa. Ecumang intan bithi {BB folio 323b1} fo nihilus ina guth*aige* amal 970] rogab find. Fir em, air ni thuicter na feda dedhencha filet isna deghfoghraibh sin triana cansain fochetoir: aimnert --- p.74 {BB folio 323b3} {E folio 25b4} immorro intan bit i comsuidigthib cutrumaib na defogair & isna forfedaib amal ata fer & b*en*. Coic feadha ca*ch* aicmi: & is oen co a coic cach ae .i. 975] aenfleisc co coic flescaib, ut est, beithi a aenur, nin a coicur: no *dno* gne ele? Ni ansa. Ecumang cetamus: intan bite fo nialus ut quoniam quidem lasin Laitneoir, no intan bite tri guth*aighe* a n-aenshillaib lasin nGaedhel, ut Briain, gliaidh, feoil, beoir, lasin nGaedel. Aimnert immorro intan 980] bite fo consonacht, ut seruus, uulgus lasin Laitneoir, ut iarum cian & ceir & uull & aball lasin nGaedhel & rl. Lanchumang dano intib etir fedha & taebhomna co nd-urba uath Conda-delighetar tria n-airde (.i. tria n-ecosc) .i. is caindeifriges a n-aradu. It e a n-airde: 985] Deasdruim .i. bethi do deas in droma, is ed aicmi beithi: Tuaithdruim .i. don leith atuaidh din druim b*is* aic*me* uatha: Lesdruim .i. leas uait *& fris* cucut, no leatarsna darin druim b*is* aicmi muine: Tredruim, is ed aicmi ailmi: Imdruim .i. andiu & anall aic*mi* na forfidh. Is amlaid 990] imdrengar .i. is amhlaidh eimh ceimnighthir isinn og*am* amal cemnigther isin crand .i. do lamh dess reut .i. aicmi beithi: & do lamh chle foi diudh .i. aicmi *h*. & iarsin is leis & is fris aicmi *m* .i. les uait & fris cucut: trit im*morro* aicmi *a*: tairis im*morro* & immi aic*m i* na forfidh. Is 995] amhlaid sin imdheilighter na fedha & na forfeda & na taebomna. Cid ara n-eparar fedha fri saidhiu? Ni ansa. Fobith domiter na taebomna friu & cainuaighter na foc*ail* --- p.76 {BB folio 323b25} {E folio 25b20} dibh, ut est luis ailme, beithe ailme .i. *la, ba*. Is e sin in sealbhadh saerdha cen reim acht *reim* remraite. Ni ansa. 1000] Am*al* iarait*her* fidh aire*gh*dha nama ica breith fri sechtu sic iarait*her* in taebhomna bhis and, cach da taebomna ar fidh, ut dicitur: > 1. Marcach atchonnac anne, > > Etach uaime co ndath cro, > > 1005] A dath is gilithear geis, > > Uan tuinni dath a da o. > Deda airegar and: aentugud co ndeliugud amal ata bas & las & is iar comardadh n-airchetail *asa*, air is inand fidh aireg hdha il intib, & is inand taebomna 1010] degheanach. Sain im*m orro* in taebomna taeseach .i. *el*. Cindas toimsiter na taebomna imna fedaibh? Ni ansa. Cach da taebomna dib imon fidh. Is e in comfhot coir (.i. lancubaid insin), ut est, bas & las. Is e sin int aentughud co n-inannus, & int aentugud cen inannus: & is iar comhardugud 1015] n-airchetail ata, uair is inund fidh aireghdha fil intibh, & is comlin do thaebomnaib; & is *ed* a choir n-airchetail. Conagar *dno* isin aip*g*itir bunad o aen, & airic o deda, & a cor a tredhe, & a comhuaim fri ceathardu, & a comdhluthadh 1020] fri cuict*h*i, a moradh a seda, a fogail a sechta, a riagail fri ochta, a incosc a naede, a asdadh a ndeich*the*. Is e int aen thuas .i. Fenius Farrsaidh; in dedha .i. mac Etheoir fris; in tres mac Ai*n*gen; in ceathramadh Cae; in coiced Amairgen mac Naende mic Nenuail; in sesedh Ferchertne; 1025] --- p.78 {BB folio 323b47} {E folio 25b27} in sechtmad a dalta; int ochtmad Ceandfaelad; in nomad a dhalta; in dechmad a asdadh i n-aen .i. in trefocal. Is e seo a thosach i*n* Uraiceapta *i*ar n**Amairgein nGlungeal**. Locc don libur-sa **Tochur Inbhir Moir** i crich **h-Ua nEnechglais Cualand**: Et aimser do aimsear 1030] m*a*c Miled {BB folio 324}. Perso do **Amairgein Glung*eal* mac Miled**. Tucaid a denma m*i*c Miled dia toth*lugud* fair amal ata 'nar ndiaidh. Cia arranic a mberla-sa & cia airm i n-arneacht & cissi aimser i n-arnecht? Ni ansa. Arranic **Fenius Farrsaidh** 1035] oc sur Nemrua*i*d i cind dech mblia*dan* iar scailiudh on tur for cach leath, & is cach comberlaid dochuaidh and dochum a crichi & ni cach comcheniu*i*l amal rogab **Cai Cainbreathach**, dalta **Feniusa Farr*s*aidh**, in dara descipul *sechtmogat* na scoili. Ba do Ebraibh a bhunadhus & co 1040] Eigipt rofuidhedh. Ocus is and roan **Fenius** fodhesin ocon tur, & is and roaitreabh, conid andsin conaitchetar chuice in scol berla tobaidi do theipu doib asna hilberlaibh tucsat leo d i muich conna beith oc na*ch* *a*iliu a mberla sain acht occaib-seomh a n-aenur, no ic neoch no-foglaindfedh leithiu 1045] dorisi. Is andsain dorepedh a mbelra asna hilberlaibh, & rotaiselbad do aenfir dib, conid a ainm-se*n* f*or*ta a mbelra-sa. Ba he in fer hisin .i. Goedel mac Angein, conid Gaed*il* de-side o Gaedel mac Angin mic Glunfind mic Laimfhindh mic Agnumain do Gregaibh. Inan*d* tra 1050] Gaedel mac Aimergin & Gaedel mac Etheoir .i. da ainm --- p.80 {BB folio 323 a 20} {E folio 25b43} robadar fora athair .i. Aingin & Etheoir. Is and iaramh doriaghladh i*n* mberla-sa. I mba fearr iarum do cach berla & a nba leithiu & a mba caemu, is ed darepedh isinn Goed*ilc*; & cach son do na airnecht cairechtaire isna 1055] aipgitribh ailibh ol chena arrichta carech*taire* leosumh doibh isin beisti-luis-nin in ogaim, ut est: {illu80.1}. Rolatha iarumh a fedha for leith & a taebomna *dno* for leith, co fil cach ae dibh fo leth o 'rlaile (sic). Ni fail leathg*utai* amal na fail la Grego acht na muite namma. 1060] Cach duil do na rabha ainmniugud isna berlaib ailib airichta ainmnighthi doibh (isin Gaed*ilg*), ut est grus & cloch & linn. > 1. Atconnac in lis > > 1065] Seach a teged glas, > > Inarb imda a grus > > Gen gurb imda as. > A nba ferr & a nba leithiu & a nba caimiu cach berla, is ed dora*ta*d aco isinn Gaedelg .i. i nba socair caimiu fri radh .i. socarcaine leosum gutta & muiti oca and inat leathgutta 1070] & muiti & guttai amal atat icon Lait*neoir*. Ferr i ceill leosum .i. a v fri fat & a v fri gair, & a v fri buga & a v fri cruas, & a v fri lanfogur & a v fri deghfogur, anda a haen-choic fothibh uili amal ata icon Laitneoir & is ed asb*eir* in Laitneoir: Gabaidh a chuic guth*aige*-sium an greim sin 1075] uili, ut est Latine he omnes uocales produci & corripi pos*s*unt .i. itat na huili guth*aige* Laitinda .i. co caemnachtar co regdar & co timaircet*er*. Leithiu i llitrib .i. ar ni fil a fhregra sin --- p.82 {BB folio 324a42} {E folio 25by} lasin Laitneoir: leithiu a ciallaibh & foclaib & litrib .i. lethe a litribh {illu82.1}. Ni fil a frecra lasin Laitneoir: leithi 1080] i focl*aib* .i. grus & cloch & lind, ni fil a fregra sin lasin Laitneoir: grus .i. tanach: galmula lasin Laitneoir, gruth lasin nGoedel: dia frecra galmarium lasin Laitneoir faiscre lasin nGaedel: galmalam lasin Laitneoir, gruthra*ch* lasin nGaedel: grus lasin nGaedel, ni fil a fregarthach-side lasin 1085] Laitneoir: lapis lasin Laitneoir, cloch lasin nGaedel: petra, lasin Laitneoir, ail lasin nGaedel: sropula lasin Laitneoir, carrach lasin nGaedel. Cloch (no ael) & onn & ailcne immorro {BB folio 324b1}, is ias sin cenela cloch do na fuilet freacarthaich icon Laitneoir: aqua lasin Laitneoir, usce 1090] lasin nGaedel; amnis lasin Laitneoir, aband lasin nGaedel; piscina lasin Laitneoir, iachlinn lasin nGaedel; linn, immorro, lasin nGaedel, ni fhil a frecra lasin Laitneoir. Leithiu di*diu* in Gaedel i foclaibh & i llitribh desin anda in Laitneoir. Is ed asb*eir* in Laitneoir cid leithiu i foclaib 1095] & i llitrib in Gaed*elc*, ni leithe i ciallaibh; ar cia bet ilanmann icon Gaedel ic sluin*n* na raet, tic in chiall relait asin uathadh foc*ul* fil icon Laitneoir. Ni fir on, amal asbert in Laitneoir fein: Nisi sciris nomen, cognitio rerum periit .i. atbail int aichnius inna raet meni aichnigther 1100] int ainm. Is e seo a thossach in lib*h*air-sea iar Fenius & iar nIair mac Nema & iar nGaedel mac Ethiuir. Is iat sin a persainn; & is i a aimser .i. aimser tancatar m*ic* Israel uili a hEigipht. I nDacia arricht ci asberatar alii 1105] co mbad i mmaigh Sennair. Tucait a scribind .i. a --- p.84 {BB folio 324b15} {E folio 26a17} thotlug*ud* do scoil mhoir co Fenius & co Iar & go Goe*del* mac nEitheoir a thepe doibh inna nUraicept iarna idnacul do Maissi & iar foglaim do Chae Cainbreathach occa; conad iarsin arriachta n*a* aip*g*itri a n-aentabaill, 1110] amal asb*eir*: Cat iat aib*g*itri & rl. Aur cach toisseach: aicceacht dano icht aicce (.i. gnim), air iss i n-aicci b*is* in descip*u*l icon aidi: no aiccept .i. acceptus .i. airite*n* .i. chucut neach na*ch* fil agut: na nd-egeas .i. na ndaei cen cheass .i. na fileadh. 1115] Se primthaisigh lasi ndernad in tor .i. Eper mac Saile & Gregus mac Gomer otait Greic, & Laitin mac Puin otait Laitinda, Riabad Scot mac Gomer, & Nemruadh mac Cuis, & Fenius Farrsaidh. Da bliadain *coecat* o scailed in tuir co flaithius Nin mic Bel, a do *coecat* *a* righi: *ceithir* 1120] bliadhna *deac* ar tri *fichtib* ar secht cetaib o fhlaithius Nin mic Bel co deredh flaithiusa Tutaines righ in domain. Is re linn rotoghladh in Trae fo dheoidh: secht mbliadna ingen Laitin mic Puin: conad tri bliadna *cethorchat* ar *noi* cetaibh o scaileadh in tuir co tuc Æneas Lauina & 1125] Laitin fen dor*oin*e a caingen fris. Is follus as sin co nach certtiaghait lucht in Uraicepta-sa co mbad e Laidin in sechtmadh primthuiseach in tuir. *Cest, caiteat Aipgitre na tri primberla eter ainmniugud & charechtair? Ni ansa, em. Aipgitir 1130] Ebraidi cetamus.* --- p.86 --- p.88 {BB folio 324b37}{E folio 26a24} #### 2 Is e in fer cetna tra Fenius Farsaidh arainig inna *ceithri* aipgitri-sea .i. aipgitir Ebraidi & Grecda & Laitinda & in beithi-luis-nin in ogaim & is airi is certiu in dedenach .i. in beith*e* air is fo deoidh arricht. Bai coiciur ar fichit 1135] isin scoil ba huaisl*iu* dib & is e a n-anmand forta {BB folio 325} in beithi-luis-nin eter fedha & taebomna {illu88.1} & bai morshesser ba huaisliu do suidhibh o ranainmnighthea na seacht fedha aireghdha inn ogaim, 1140] conadh oiri rolaithi for leith {illu88.2}. Aaberat araili it *deich* feda airegda filet ann & it e indso a n-anmand: {illu88.3} & it e a tri doformagat sen frisna secht thuas {illu88.4}. conid aire sin rolatha a fedha & a taebomna for leith 1145] & it e a n-anmand soin fordotait iarumh. Asberat immorro araile co nach o dhainibh it*ir* ainmnighter fedha inn n-ogaim isin Gaedhelg acht o chrandaibh gen gu haichinter anniu araile c*ra*nd dibh. Air atat *ceithri* hernaile for crandaib .i. airigh fedha & 1150] athaig fedha & lossa fedha & fodhla fedha; & is uaithibh sin a ceathrur ainmnighter fedha in oghaim. Airigh fedha quidem .i. dur, coll, cuileand, abhull, uindsiu, ibur, gius. Athaig fedha .i. fern, sail, bethi, lemh, sce, crithach, caerthand. Fodla fedha andso .i. draighen, trom, feorus, 1155] --- p.90 {BB folio 325a18} crand fir, fedlend, fidhat, fi*n*ncholl. Lossa fedha .i. aitean, fraech, gilcach, raid, lecla .i. luachair & rl. Beithe *dno* on beithe rohainmnigheadh ar cosmaillius fri cois in bheithe ut dicitur: Feocos foltchain in beithi, 1160] & is airi sin is i mbeithi roscribadh in cetainm ogaim tucadh a nErind .i. secht mbeithi tugad do Lugh mac Ethl*enn*.. berthair do bean uait nisi eam custodi*e*ris (.i. mine derna tu a coimét)[4](javascript:footNote('G502003/note004.html')). Is aire sin beos scribthar beithi a tosach aip*gitre* in ogaim. Luis *dno*, is o chrand 1165] rohainmniged .i. o cairtheand .i. uair luis ainm caerthaind isint shenGaedelg ut dicitur: Li sula luis .i. caertheand ar ailleacht a caer. Fernd dono, o chrand rohainmniged ut dicitur: Airenach Fian*n* .i. fernd, air is di na sgeith. Sail dano, is o chrand rohainmniged ut dicitur: Li ambi 1170] .i. nemli lais .i. ar cosmaillius a datha fri marb. Nin *dno*, is o chrand rohainmniged .i. o uindsind ut dicitur: cosdad sida nin .i. ui*n*nius, ar is di doniter craind gae triasa coscairther in sidh: no cosdudh sidha uindis. Nin .i. ginol garmna dognither do uindsind .i. isin aimsir 1175] sidha togaibt*er* garmna. Huath dono, is o chrand rohainmniged .i. sce *ut dicitur: comdal cuan huath .i. sce*[5](javascript:footNote('G502003/note005.html')): no ar is uathmar hi ara deilghibh. Duir dono, is o chrand rohainmniged, ut dicitur airde dossaib duir. Tinne dono, is o chrand rohainmniged .i. 1180] cuileann *trian roith tindi* .i. ar is cuileand in tres --- p.92 {BB folio 325a39} {E folio 26a43} fidh roith in carbait. Coll dono, is o chrand rohainmniged ut dicitur cainfidh .i. coll .i. cach ac ithi a chno, Queirt dano, is o chrand rohainmnighead .i. abhull ut dicitur: clithar boaiscille .i. elit gelt quert .i. aball. 1185] Muin dono .i. finemhain, ut dicitur, airdi masi muin .i. iarsinni fhasas a n-airde .i. finemhain. Gors dono .i. edeand Glaisiu geltaibh gort .i. edind. Ngetal dono .i. gilcach no raish ut dicitur: 1190] luth lega getal .i. cilcach no raith. Straiph dono .i. draighen, ut dicitur: aire srabha sraibh .i. draighin. Ruis dono .i. trom, ut dicitur, ruamna ruice ruis .i. trom. Ailm dono .i. crand giuis .i. ochtach. Onn .i. aiten. Ur .i. fraech. Edhadh .i. ed uath .i. crand fir no crithach. 1195] Idho .i. ibhar. Ebhadh .i. crithach {BB folio 325b1}. Oir .i. feorus no edind. Uilleand .i. edleand. Iphin .i. spinan no ispin & rl. Anmand fidh tra sin uile amal fogabar isna Duilibh Fedha inn ogaim & ni ho dainib ut alii dicunt. 1200] Cest, cis lir a cumang? Ni ansa. Lanchumang intibh uilibh eter fedha & taebomna co nd-aurba huath .i. conas-firbade uath .i. amal bes a n-aic*ned*cidh mor gidh beg e. Is amhlaidh innister isin Cin Ollaman .i. cethirs*h*licht feghthair for fedhaibh .i. cumang & egumang, lanchumang & 1205] lenchumang. Lanchumang i fedaib, cumang a forfedaibh, egumang a mut*ibh*, lethchumang a leathgutaibh. Atberat araile is treshlicht as choir and .i. lanchumang a fedaibh, & cumang a forfedaibh, & ecumang a muitibh; ar ni --- p.94 {BB folio 325b13} {E folio 26a45} fil leathguta la Gaedel. Cest, cate fos i fedhaibh & i forfedhaibh 1210] & gair hi taebomnaib .i. gair suidigud, air is leathaimser for taebom*naib* do gres a corus f*orf*ed. Cest, cis lir dech docussin? Ni ansa. A ocht: dialt & recomrac & iarcomrac, felis & cloenre & luibenchosach & claideamnas & bricht. Oenfidh airegda i ndialt, a da i 1215] recomrac, a tri i n-iarcomrac, a *ceithri* i fil*is*, a coic hi claenre, a se i luibenchosach, a secht i claidemnas, a ocht i mbricht, cenmota taebomna. Cest, cia roig dialt i mmeit & i llaig*et* .i. dialt co ceill coic litri and a n-as mode: rosaigh i llaiget co oenlitir & is focal son, ut 1220] est *a, o, i*, amal ata *á* (.i. ard) slebhi. Amal isa Ard (*Á*) Cuis, & Ard (*Á*) Cartaind, a **Slebh Luachra** .i. anmand slebhe saindriudh ut dixit **Mac Da Cerd*a***:— > 1. Damh conngair eter da a, > > Fon-gluaisi gaeth gulbanda, > > 1225] Is uallach int arganda > > Re trichait sed lurganda > & *o* (.i. cluas) for cind & *i* inis Col*uim* Cill*e*. Rosaigh di*diu* i mmeit co a coic littri, ut est, bracht tract druct scalp. Scriu*thair* & ni hairimther uath isna foclaib dedenachaib 1230] arna litrib, *acht* nod tinfid. Cach ndialt iarum na tormaig fri araili co*m*cumung cach ae foc*ail*. Deich co a ocht a mbricht & is e met & laigett cacha Gaeidelgi o dealt --- p.96 {BB folio 325b33} {E folio 26ay} co bric*h*t cona n-athgabail dlblinaib .i. co cumangar du gach dialt iarna tinol deach. Is bricht a mbith ocht sill*aba*. 1235] Is *ed* bunad cacha Gaedel*ge* dialt acht mod & to*th* & traeth. Domiditer alta uad fri alta duine amal domiditer fri cach n-indsci. Cest, cindus domiditer fri cach n-indsci? Ni ansa. Corop cach dialt friscara di araili, ut est, tis tuas tair tiar tes tuaid; gu rub recomarc friscara di araili, ar 1240] is cubaid a comfid & a comdeich. Coig airmi cintecha in tuir .i. da tuaith sechtmogat & da comairlig sechtmogat acco & da berla sechtmogat for fodailt doib & da deiscip*ul* sechtmogat tancadar la **Feinius** do fogl*aim* ba mberla sin & da ceimend sechtmogat in 1245] airdi in tuir. Cest, caidi deifir eter indeall & tindell? Ni ansa. Innell int imcomurc & tinnell int eir*n*iud. Seacht primtoisigh lasi ndernad in tor .i. Eb*er* mac Saili, Grecus mac Gomer a quo Greci, Lait*i*n mac Puin 1250] a quo Laitini, Riabath Scot a quo Scoiti, N*em*r*uadh* mac Cuis mic Caim mic *Noi*, & Faillech mac Ragau mic Arafaxat mic Seim. Cest, cate deochraigt*er* erer cinniud & cintech*u* & cinntichu son? Ni ansa. Cinniud in aipgitir Grecda, ar is 1255] ceirtiu quam ind aipgitir {BB folio 326a1} Aspin Ebra*ide*. Cinntichu im*morro* in aipgitir La*i*ti*anda na* in aipgitir Grecda. Cinntichu son .i. beithi-luis-nin in ogaim *na* in aipgitir Laitianta uair is fo deoidh arricht. Cia haenfoc*u*l gebes forna ceit*h*ri ernaili ind Auraicepta 1260] cen deifir tomuis *no* tarmf*ort*cind *no* feda *no* focail --- p.98 {BB folio 326 a 5} {E folio 26b19} na forgnuisi? Ni ansa. In focul is aipgitir, ar gebid ar aipgitir Ebraide & Grecda & Laitianda. Treidi doghni uath .i. bogad & semigudh & airdibdad. Bocad cetumus: for taeb*omnaib* & is 'na ndiaidh doeagmaing 1265] doib .i. do *p* & do *c* *&* do *t* ut cloch, both. Iarsin Laitneoir bidh tinfid iar cach taeb*omna* isin Gaed*ilc*. Semigudh immorro forna taeb*omnaib* chena & is rempo doec*maing* doib .i. for coic taeb*omnaib* .i. for *b, c, d, t, g*. Bogad beithi cetamus .i. sop & lop .i. amal ata B*h*atraig. Uath 1270] bogas in beithi fil and, ar ni bi *p* isin Gaed*ilc*. Semigud amal ata a Batraig, uath and i*s* semiu 'nas i n-aill. Bocad cuill .i. clach & ach; bocad *d* .i. sodh & odh. Bocad for tinni .i. tath & ath. Bocad for gort .i. magh & agh. Seimigud *b* immorro .i. a bhen, a bhan, a bhe binn. 1275] Seimiugud *c* dono .i. o chiun, do chein, o chianaibh, o chetoir. Semigud *d* .i. d*h*amsa, d*h*uitsiu. Semigud *t* .i. a thir, a thuaigh. Semiugud *g* .i. a ghradh & a ogha. Airdibdad immorro forta *dá* taebomna .i. for sailig & 1280] for ferna (.i. taebomna amal fedaib) .i. orro dibdudh .i. a mbricht ass di raith amal ata ardibdad sail*ech* .i. a s*h*al, a s*h*uil. Airdibdad ferna .i. a fhind, a f*h*ir, ind f*h*eda. Is sain so frisna cub*aid* {illu98.1} .i. euad & edadh in dorusa uerbi (.i. tabair esemplair) gur uinge & 1285] cingit & cuing is ecen di litt*ir* Lat*ianda* ica scribin*d* na consani .i. *n* & *g*. Ni hecen acht {illu98.2} a oenur ar son --- p.100 {BB folio 326a25} {E folio 26b34} in da litt*re* sin isin Gaedilc, ut est, {illu100.1} .i. uinge, {illu100.2} .i. cuing, {illu100.3} cingit. Ni 1290] dat inunna *dno* suin fris nad cub*aid* cach ae dib-seo {illu100.4}., ut est, seeit in teinid, tria {illu100.5} a scribind. 1295] Seit (.i.) conar tria {illu100.6} a scribind. Neim nathrach .i. {illu100.7} a scribind: min (.i. beic) iphi and; min arba .i. {illu100.8} and. Nemh im tal*main*, neamh im usce {illu100.9} andsen. Air i*t* trega ar a tugad forfeda eter isin aib*g*itir in ogaim .i. do fregra do defoghur amal adb*erar* isna breathaibh nemedh .i. genmota forfeda a fail defoghur na nguta & dono do sainigedh fogh*ur* forsna fedhaibh, air is buga fogair bis isna forfedhaibh, ut est, neamh {illu100.10} 1300] and: naemh {illu100.11} and: nem {illu100.12} and. It e coic gne in berla tob*aidi* .i. berla Fene & fasaige na filed & berla etarsgarta & berla f*or*ttide na file*d* triasa n-agaill*it* cach dib a chele & iarmberla amal rogab: Cuic .i. ruin. Et ballorb .i. ball do forbau na fil*ideacht*a 1305] aicce; no is do cha*n*aid is ainm. Et muirne .i. miru*i*n no miruine. Gne n-aill do iarmberla .i. iarum & *dno* & atat & tra & immorro & edon & iar & ar & cest & cair & cisne & caidat & ni ansa & rl. Gne n-aill *dno* .i. forsna (.i. feraib) & fona & esna & tresna, sec*h*na. It e na lorga fuach in sin 1310] lasin filid. Gne n-aill dano .i. he es em co tre tair do o fo --- p.102 {BB folio 326a44} {E folio 26b44} fair. Dialt n-etarlemmi in sin lasin filid. Iarmberla tra cosin annuas. Is aire raiter iarmberla de .i. ara se*c*dacht amal iaruinn, da fedtar a thaithmeach: no iarmberla .i. berla ranig Iar mac Nema fo dheoidh & ni fetar a thaithmeach. 1315] Ocus berla a-edarsgarta eter na fedaibh aireghdaibh .i. berla tresa fuil deliugud na fid n-aire*gh*da isin aenfhocul triana n-inde taithmeach, ut est, amal rogabh ros .i. roi oiss quando (.i. intan) as rois caelli & rass iar lind intan 1320] as ros usce .i. rofhos mad for marbusce ino {BB folio 326b1} roidh ass mad for sruth & ro as intan as ros lin .i. ar a luas & ar a thigi asas. Ocus *a mberla* f*or*teidi .i. fordorcha no ruamanta inna filid*eachta*, amal asrubairt in file hi scuil Feniusa: Etaill aro ni anfem de .i. *i* inis; etall .i. uasal 1325] & aro .i. imramh .i. ni a*n*fem de imram co risam in innsi n-uasail .i. Eiri no Espain, no is Espain eicin amal rogab i n- Imagallaim na Da Thuar: Brimon smetrac*h*. Berla na filed so .i. in gne deidinach i*s* sund .i. bri .i. briathar, mon .i. cleas, & smit .i. cluas, & forrach .i. rigi: no bri .i. 1330] briathar, & mon .i. cleas, & smetrach .i. smit forrach .i. co forrgidis neach. Cleas brath*ar*da sin donidis na filid oc ecnuch .i. smit a cluaisi do gabail ina laimh .i. amal nac*h* fil cnaim sund ni raib eneach iconti egnaigeas in fili. 1335] Iss e in coic(ed) gne in gnat*h*berla fogni do cac*h*, --- p.104 {BB folio 326b15} {E folio 26bx} (ar) asberad araili comad e in berla Feini fasaigi na filed, & conach berla fo leith *etir*. Cest, caide fot & gair intib & rl.? Ni ansa. Amal ata neam, forfid fil and. Nem immorro in fid aire*gh*da fil 1340] and & is cruaidiu in fid airegh*d*a fil and & is buigi in forfhid .i. neam; no di*diu* is gair n-aic*nid* & fot suidig*thi* a fedaib & gair suidig*th*i i forfedaib & fot n-aic*nid*; no dono na feda fileat sund it inunda & na guth*aigi*. Na forfeda immorro it inunda & na deofhoghair. In defhoghur 1345] fil intib iarum, amal ata bean, bein dogenta de meni beith deofhoghur. Is amlaid na forfeda. Cindus on & ebad a forfidh ind anma intan asberar fer? Ni codarsna anni sin arin defoghur. Is cumair sin & ni bi fair acht aimsear co leith tantum (.i. nama) a n-as modhe. Da aimsir immorro 1350] forsin nguth*aige* fota. Cia bad gairit iarum in defoghur remunn inrathaigte. Ceinmota di*diu* in fid conicc comardugud fuit & gair indib, amal asbert in Laitneoir: *circumplex* forsna silla*baib* fotta amal ata *do, si*; & am*al* adberat acuit forsna silla*baib* cuimri ut est pax .i. 1355] bacc. Is fon indus *s*in dobeir in Gaedel forshail for fot amal rogab sron & slog & rl. et ernin arding dead amal rogab leacc & ceand & rl. Cid timarta iarum ebad isinni is *fer* ni la Greco as defoghur in sain. Cid fotera in codarsna sin & na coic fedha & n(a secht) fedha & na 1360] deich fedha iar fuilliuc*h*t aili? Ni ansa. Na coic fedha cetamus: ic frecra duna coic guthaigub tug na secht fedha --- p.106 {BB folio 326b39} {E folio 27a15} immorro. Na deich fedha immorro .i. iphin ar defoghur ata: emoncoll ar a n-emnaidi ata intan sin condat a deich samlaid. Pin immorro ar *p* ata & amancoll ar *x* ata conid 1365] a seacht samlaid. Iar n- Auraiccept Mum*an* in so. Gne aili asberait araili ebad & oir is ar fedaib *fod*a itat. Uilleann immorro is ar *y* ata, & is ar *u* intan bis fo medontaig. Iphin is ar h-*i* fo meodontacht, no is iphin is coir and ar *p*. Emuncoll di*diu* is ar *x* ata .i. for foimdin 1370] na focul nGrecda no Laitinda do thabairt isinn Gaidelg, & is aire raiter eamancoll ris, ar is coll indarna taeb*omna* fil ind *x*, & is airi is coll adberar d' emnad and, & ni sail; ar is taisechu coll i*n* *x* ina sail. Conadar di*diu* is*in* bethi-luis-nin: Caidi *in fid gabus* 1375] greim taebomna & in fid gabus greim da taebomna & in fid gabus greim focail {BB folio 327a1} & in fid na geibh greim taebomna na feda na focail? Is e in fidh gabus greim taebomna quidem .i. fid a ndiaid araile & fidh bis for primfhid a focail no araen re defhoghur a n-aensillaib, ut est, 1380] beoir feoil Briain & rl., no fidh teit a consanacht .i. *u*. Fid gabus greim dá taebomna .i. aenfidh fregras in tomus do dhib taebomnaibh, ut dicitur: cach da taebomna ar fidh. Fid gabus greim focail .i. fidh labhras a aenur. Fidh na ghabhand greim taebomna na fedha na focail .i. *u* n*ihe*l*sa* ut 1385] dicitur: nec uocales nec consonantes habentur (.i. nach gutai & nach consoini iat) no fidh bhis a ndiaid araile ut diximus (mar adubramar). Conadar dono isin beithi-luis-nin taebomna gabus --- p.108 {BB folio 327a10} {E folio 27a18} greim fedha, & taebomna gabus greim taebomna & 1390] feda. Et taebomna gabus greim da fid no da taebomna. Et da taebomna gabus greim fedha. Et taebhomna gabus greim coic fidh & *se* taebomna. Et taebomna gabus greim tri fidh & ceithri taebomna. Et taebomna gabus greim focail. Et taebomna na gebhend greim 1395] taebomna no feda no focail. In taebomna ghabhus greim da fid no da taebomna *ng*. Is i in taebomna gabhus greim feda .i. queirt. Is i gabhus greim taebomna & feda .i. *c* & *u* (n*ihe*l*sa*). Et taebomna gabus greim fedha .i. gach da taebomna ar fid i tomus. 1400] Taebomna gabus greim coic fed & se taebomna .i. duir i n-inad dine disoil. Ni machtad intan ghabhus greim na coic fidh & na se taebomna ge gabhaidh greim da fidh & da taebomna. Taebomna gabus greim tri fidh & ceithri taebomna .i. sail a n-inad forsail. Taebomna gabus greim 1405] focail .i. taebomna congeb greim forbaidhe. Taebomna na geb greim taebomna na feda na focail .i. taebomna dia togaib uath ceand doraith.[6](javascript:footNote('G502003/note006.html')) Cest, cislir deich dochuisin? Ni ansa. In traigh lasin Laitneoir, in dech lasin filid, ut Donatus dixit: pes est 1410] sillabarum et temporum certa dinumeratio .i. ata in traigh conid *ar*midetu demin i*n*na sillab & i*n*na n-aimser. Ata dono airmidetu derb sillab & traighed & aimser ocon Gaidhiul o dhialt co bricht: sillab f*oir*b*the* ca*ch* deach dibh di arailiu isin Gaed*ilc* conid a hocht samlaidh 1415] --- p.110 {BB folio 327a30} {E folio 27a22} i mbricht conid airmidetu dearb sain o oensillaib co a ocht. Dialt .i. di fo dhiultadh co nach fil alt and. Recomhrac .i. re i comhraiget na di shill*aib* immon alt. Iarcomrac .i. iarum comraigit .i. iar cach ndedenach .i. comrac na tri sillab forsna da sill*abaib* 1420] tuiseacha. Feleas .i. fi les na lama no fo lais cibeadh dib b*er*as .i. lesin filid, uair is cudruma. Claenre, uair ar a re (.i. claen a rind) is a dho ar indara leith & a tri forin leth n-aili. Luibenchossach .i. in choss cona luibnibh .i. na coic meoir & in traigh in sessed. Claidemnas .i. claidebh 1425] manus .i. manus lamh & claidebh na laimi in slindean: & is e in sechtmad dialt. Bricht .i. bri ocht .i. ocht mbriathra and, no bricht iarsinni brigtair ocht sillaba and. Cest, cate deochair eter dialt & a dheach? Ni ansa. In trath is forfhidh in dialt alt eter defhogur and. Intan immorro is 1430] taebomna & primfidh alt et*er* in taebomna & in fid and. Intan immorro is aenguth*aige* amal ata *a*, *o*, alt eter da aimsir and. Ænfid i ndialt, a do i recom*arc* & rl .i. primfid no forfid. Is airi sin ni talla in trefoghur i n-aendialt. Ocht sillaba isan focul is mo isan Gaed*ilc*, ut est, fiannamailcecheterdarai 1435] & anrocomrai*rc*nicsiumairne, & rl. Tri sillaba deg immorro isin focul is mo isin Laitin ut est tinerificabilitudinetaitibus. --- p.112 #### 2 {BB folio 327b1} {E folio 27a39} Iss e int ainm airmi .i. a tri no *a* ceithir. It eat {BB folio 327b1} na hanmanda uird airmi immorro primus et sequndus et 1440] tercius .i. anmand a n-airmi iar prois & a n-anmand uird airmi immorro iar n-aicned. Is i sin an deochair, airim anforbthe amal ata a iii no a v, ar nocho nfuillt*er* (fogailter) o choitibh. Airim forbthe, ut est, a se, a aen fo se, a do fo thri, a tri fo do. 1445] Airim forbthi in sin, uair airiss*id* o choitibh co coir. Airim ollforbthe ut est a do dec .i. a haen a haile dec, a do a sessed, a tri a ceathramthu, a cethri a trian, a se a ceirtleath samlaidh, amal rogabh a do dec .i. a aen & a do & a tri a se sin; & a ceithri iarsin conid a deich sin; 1450] & a se iarsin conid a se dec samhlaid. Conid airimh in sain is fuilliu anda coit tria taithmet a lethe. Is cach coitidi is randaidhi, & ni cach randaigi is choitide, & rl. Cest, cia roaig dialt i mmeit & i llaiget? Ni ansa. Dialt co ceill .i. coic litri and a n-as mode: aenlitir 1455] immorro a n-as lughude .i. ic sluin*n* cheilli comlaine amal ata *o* *no* *i*. Dialt di*diu* bunad cacha Gaedelge acht mod & tod & troth. Cid fodera na*ch* bunadh doibh-sein? Ni ansa. Ar is dialt cach ai dhibh, & ni bunad in raet do fen, no dono is bunadh cach Gaed*elge* dialt acht mod & 1460] tod & troth. Acht is momo lem and chena ni dat bunad Gaed*elge* acht is bunad ceilli. Caite in cenel dianad bunadh? Ni ansa .i. mod cach ferda .i. gach ball ferda & cach comna ferda; & todh cach mbanda .i. cach ball banda & cach comna banda; & troth cach neoturda .i. 1465] --- p.114 {BB folio 327b23} {E folio 27a54} nach neachtardae .i. cach co*m*na nemeguscda: no dano nidat diadta etir & nidat bunad Gaed*elge* iarum mod & dod & traet acht ad bunada ceniuil ut dicitur acht atat arae sin araile Gaed*elge* dianad bunad amal roghabh mod .i. mo a ed i n-airde; no mod .i. mo od .i. od ceol 1470] intan is masc*al* .i. moo in ceol. Is moo quam in ceol is lughu amal roghabh ind aidbsi i n-**Druim Ceata** .i. tood no to od, tae a ed intan as fem*en*: no tod .i. to od .i. tod in ceol .i. in ceol bec .i. cronan no certan bec i n-aith*fh*egad in moir (.i. in ceol is mo). Traeth .i. treith 1475] a ed no a odh fri fedhadh mascail & fem*in*: no traeth iarsinni traethait na ciulu isli na ciuil arda .i. stocairecht no cornairecht. Gne n-aile no mod .i. mo a ed i n-airdi intan is torand no is c*ran*d. Todh .i. tae a ed intan is fod, . . . son aile is taitiu innas in aill. Traeth .i. traethait, 1480] a thraethas intan is fet; fo bith is caeli & is cruaidhi inas inni eli is traet. Asperaid araili comdis anmand aidmi ciuil. Caidi a ndemnigud? Ni ansa. Mo a od intan is cruit. Tod .i. tai a od: intan as bindi is tuiu & is isliu ata na a n-aill. Traeth .i. traethaid in dis eili 1485] intan i*s* stocc, fo bith is airdi a *fh*aidh. Is airi is traeth doib. No dono mod & tod & traeth .i. anmunda ball ferda & band*a* & neudarda sin amal asbert in Laitneoir: nomen membri uiri vel nomen membri muileiris vel nomen membri neutri; & it focail Grecda sin 1490] --- p.116 {BB folio 327b46} {E folio 27a61} ciasu *Laitine* ata deismireacht dib & nac*h* dad dialta, ar nis-filet o neoch & ni fuilter uaitib acht mine derntar mod for mod & tod for tod & traeth for traeth. Secundum quosdam cumad etarscarad indsci: Isse, issi, issed, iar **Macaib Miled**: uindius, uindsi, ondor, iar **Feraib Bolg**: 1495] mod, tod, traeth, iar **Tuathaib De Danand**. Iss e so tra a cumair {BB folio 328} .i. is e bunad gach Gaed*elge* .i. dialt .i. o recomrac co bricht; & ni bunad he d' aensillaib amal (rogab) mod & tod & traeth; & iar cach dialt tucad-side sund, & is aire rotathmetaid-side sech gach dialt, ar dochuaidh 1500] menma friu comtis recomraig: air fogab*ar* a condaill .i. a caindeligud, ut diximus. No *dno* mod & tod & traeth a n-anmand na mball ferda & banda & neoturda amal asbert in Laitneoir: Nomen membri uirilis et nomen membri muliebris & nomen membri neutri, & it focail Grecda sin cidh i 1505] Laitin ata desmireacht dibh: & is airi nach at dialta, ar ni fil*et* o neoch & ni filter uaidibh acht meni derntar mod for mod & tod fri tod & traeth fri traeth. Domiditer alta uad .i. toimsiter aisti inn aircetail fri haltaibh na ndae*n*i amal toims*i*ter fri cach indsce. 1510] Cindas toimsit*er* fri cach insci? .i. corop cach dialt frecras-*s*a di araili amal ata tis tuas, air is ed a chubhaidh intan is cobfhidh, & is cobfhid in focal ind imfrecra & is comdeach in tarmfortcend. --- p.118 #### 2 {BB folio 328a16} {E folio 27b6} Coic filltigthi fichet hi remim amal ros-gabh andso sis:— > > *Fer* a ainmniugud.     *Fir* a sealbad. > > > *I fiur* a aitreib.     *Ar fear* a airicheall. > > > *Co fer* a ascnam.     *In fer* a inchosc. > > > *A fir* a togairm.     *Hi fer* a innothacht. > > 1520] > *Sech fer* a sechmall.     *Oc fir* a furmiud. > > > *O fhir* a foxaul.     *For fer* a fortud. > > > *Fri fer* a freslige.     *In fir* a tustidhi. > > > *Fo fiur* a fothud.     *Do fiur* a dhanad. > > > *De fhiur* a digbhail.     *Iar fiur* a thiarmoracht. > > 1525] > *La fer* a thaebtu.     *Im fer* a imthimcheall. > > > *Ar fiur* a fresgabhail.     *Dar fer* a thairsce. > > > *Frisin fer* a thormach.     *Tre fer* a thregdhadh. > > > *Is fer* a thuarasgbhail.     *Ri fiur* a remiudh. > > > Fedar *dno* a n-ill*ar* .i. *fir* *a* ainmnigud, *na fir* a tuarascbhail, 1530] *ac feraib* a inchosc (sic), *na fer* a shealbad, *dona feraib* a danadh, sic in sequentibus. Fear di*diu* ebadh a fhidh in anma asberar *fer*; *e* a guta; dialt a diach .i. son oencongbalach cen alt etir. Dichongbail and *io* no iphin a fidh ina remim no ina 1535] shealbhadh intan asberar *fir* .i. ar bit in dis ina reim *io* and amal ata *fir* iphin and amal ata *do fir io* amal ata *a fir*; iphin amal ata *o fhir*. Is aire nach airimh ebhadh ina reim ce beith i n-araileib and amal ata *co fer*, & rl., air ni fil acht reim ceilli namma in gach baile i mmairend in fhidh 1540] bis is in ain*mnid*. Isna filltib as *io* no iphin bhis intib --- p.120 {BB folio 328a38} {E folio 27b21} in gach baile nach mairend conid aire sin adb*erar* *io* no iphin a fhidh ina reim no 'na shealbhad & rl. Dinin disail a forbaidh .i. a aicnid lasin Laitneoir; air it e teora fuirbhthe dochuisnet .i. arnin & dinin dishail & 1545] forsail .i. arnin arding *d*ed, forsail for fot fedair, dinin disail for gair gabhaidh: Arnin, ut est glonn & donn & crann & glenn: forsail, ut est, sron & slog & mor: dinin disoil, ut est, fer & cor & ler & tor & cach timarta ar chena. Intan 1550] scribthar int ainm ogai*m* is and scribtar na forbaide-sea uasu fri realadh fuid & gair no fri tennad, ar ni tuigfidhea cheana: uair amal dobeir in Laitneoir acuit forsna sill*abaib* cuimre, ut est, pax & rl., & forsna sill*abaib* cuimre, ut est, pax & rl., & circumplex forsna sill*abaib* fota, ut, res, sic dobeir in Gaedel di*n*e dishoil 1555] arna cuimribh, ut est, fer; & for*sh*ail forna fodaib amal rogab {BB folio 328b1} lamh; & amal bis g*ra*ib in gach aenebert ilfoclaig la acuit no la circumplex, sech is arnin araen re di*n*e disail no araen ri forsail i n-aenfocul ut ceann & sron. Airnin iarum ernid nin: no airnin .i. fair nin, air is nin 1560] scribthar ag fuacra na forbaidi sin .i. nin ain*m* coitcheand do gach litir eter feadaib & taebomnaib. Forsail dano sail fair air i*s* sail scribt*h*ar ig i*n*cosc na forbaide sin ar is for fut bis forsail, & i*s* si*n*iud na haimsire do forin sail: no forsail .i. foruillid in focul *con*ad foda: no forsail 1565] .i. furail seach in cumair. Dini*n* disail .i. di fo diultad and co nach nin & co nach sail acht is duir scribthar ac inchosc na forbaidi sin .i. ar is digbail na haimsire toirnes duir amal as tormach tormaiges sail: no dine disail de sin dofuill*iud* .i. nemfuill*iud*. Asberait araile is aire 1570] scrib*thar* duir ar dine disoil, air is duir fil ar d*t*us an dine --- p.122 {BB folio 328a14} {E folio 27b28} disoil, & is aire scrib*thar* nin air nin ar is nin fil fo deoidh and, & is aire scrib*thar* sail ar forsail ar is sail fil a medon inte; no ut alii dicunt ail .i. aims*er* furail seach in cumair. Dine .i. dinin .i. ni nin .i. ni fid acht is forbaid. Di*sh*ail 1575] .i. ni aimsir fota no di*sh*ail .i. nemhfhuil*led* no nemfurail. Alt co fesear cia halt huad dona secht n-altaib .i. anamain, nath, anair, eamain, laid, setrud, soinemain, dia*n* cona nduan*aib*. O sein inund is o dheachaib sluintir alta na*n* huad ar na rob indsci cumascda. Nath .i. 1580] noaid anair. Anamain .i. an somain. Laed .i. laitir no luaitir: no leoaid intan is air: no is onni as laus .i. moladh. Sedradh .i. sed raid; no raith air set. Sainemain .i. sain a maine risin aisti reamaind. Dian .i. di air: no dian .i. adbol an no ni ain. O sin anund .i. ota na 1585] seacht primaisti amach is o deacaib is ni de na deachaibh foricfa & is uaidibh ainmniugud doib a forba gacha rainde a nduain, & recomrac a forduain, & iarcomarc bairdne, ar na rop indsce cumaisci ar na ro*b* prois amal aisti na ndaerbard. 1590] Lorga fuach .i. lorg ua foc*ul* .i. amal bite lorga i llamaib duine for portaibh sesga og immtheacht o purt do phurt ar na torchrad inna lighi, imtha is amlaidh it he in so na lorga biti a ciatlabair no i ngenaib na filed ic fosugud o focul co focul. Lorca fuach iarum .i. remsuigeadad 1595] --- p.124 {BB folio 328b36} {E folio 27b35} da sillaeibh eter in da comuaim, ut Cormac bard cecinit: > 1. Im ba seasach, im ba seang & rl. > .i. in ba in lorga fuach. A dialt n-etarleme .i. aensillab eter in da comuaim, 1600] ut est:— > 1. Cia leth gu b*ra*t*h* iar cuairt cros > > Cosluidfea mo coblach creas? > > In ba sair ba siar ri suail, > > In ba tuaid no in bodes? > > 1605] > Cia eter lond & leath in dialt n-etarleme; & ata lorga fuach & dialt n-etarleme isin rand ar medon .i. in ba & is ba. Fertot a thelgud noe .i. a telgud duine, ar is nae duine, ut est dia nda*m*a nae for tir .i. duleice in duine 1610] cessad fair, teit iarum dia fothrugud din uisciu, dolece don bruch sis isin usce, tot ol in tond fae .i. fa tot *dno* a ainm in foghair sin doghni in tond: tott; tott dano a ainm forcmachta (no forcumascda) di su*n*, ut est, bu bo go ged: no in guth trom dogni i*n* dae oca lecon forsin 1615] usce. O fodhar na genemna rohainmnigthea go go i fogur, no bu bo .i. tot: no dano arfoem in duine a etach immi o nac*h* ailiu. Is ed asb*er*-sum i suidi fertom (.i. f*er*do dam .i.) feartot ar du chele frit, briathar chesta sin .i. feartot ar a chele {BB folio 329a1} fris, briathar gni*ma* so. 1620] Aurlond *dno* ainm d'oreill gaei .i. ind adarc dub bis mon gai, is di arsisidar in gai, imtha is amlaid arsisidar in indsce don trediu-sa .i. ise isi ised: no dona deich n-urlandaib-sea .i. se da tri cethre .i. urlanda ferinsci sin .i. --- p.126 {BB folio 329a5} {E folio 27b45} ise .i. in fear, da .i. da fear, tri .i. tri fir, ceithri .i. cethri fir: 1625] no urlonn indsci slondud reimmi .i. ferinsci & baninsci & deiminsci. Inunda immorro urlann ferinsce & baninsce o sin amach. Is aire nach indister seach a ceathair. Si di teora cetheora urlanna baninsce andsin. Is i .i. in bean, di .i. di mnai, teora .i. teora mna, ceitheora .i. 1630] ceitheora mna. It e & at iat immorro urlanna coitcheanda eter banindsci & ferindsci. Is ed immorro urlann demindsci ut dicitur is ed a cheann. Fri hurlainn ferindsci do*no* aentaigis demindsci a n-urlandaib ilair .i. da nem ut dicitur da fear & rl. No urland indsce .i. ferindsce & banindsce & 1635] demindsce. Conige seo corp ind Auraicepta. Coic fill*tigthi* fichet i reim .i. a coic gu hogfegad na filed i ffilliud re ua*m*ma na hai & fiche gne saerda olchena. Et in fiche gne saerda catead a n-araide foraib? Im berat cach ae dibh dochum a ndilis fen? Berait ecin, 1640] uair *it* dealba filltech*a*. Is ed a lin a tri i n-uathad & a tri i n-ilar conad a se amlaid. In fichi gne saerda p*ros*t*a* is deimin is e so a n-araide, a do dec dibh i forgnuis ainmneda & ainsida, a oen dibh i forgnuis gen*idli* & togartada, a secht i forgnuis tob*a*rtada & foxlan: no aon dec dibh a ndelb ainmnedha 1645] & ainsida & a tri a ndelbh genid*l*i & togar*tada* & a tri a ndelb tobartacha & foxlacha .i. tri fil*l*ti a n-uathad .i. *fer*, *fir*, *ic fir*; a tri a n-l*ar* *na fer, na fir, na firu*. In --- p.128 {BB folio 329a27} {E folio 27b54} da filliud deg dibh tiaghait i forgnuis ainmneda & ainseda it e andseo a n-anmand .i. 1650] *Ar *fh*er* *a* airceall; *co fer* *a* ascnamh; *i fer* a inotacht; *seach fher* a sechmall; *for fer* a fortudh; *fri fer* a freislige; *la fer* a thaebtu; *im fer* a imthimcheall; *dar fer* a thairrsci; *frisin fer* a thorma*ch*; *tre fer* a tregdad; *is fer* a thuarascbail, ut dixit poeta: 1655] > 1. Is iat sain da filltech deg, > > Anndar leam nocho lanbhrec, > > Tiaghait i forgnuis feda > > Ainmneda ocus ainseda. > Na secht filltigh immorro tiaghait i forgnuis tobartadha & 1660] foxlada, *i fiur* aitreibh; *oc fiur* a furmidh; *fo fiur* a fothudh; *do fiur* a digbail; *iar fiur* a thiarmoracht; *ar fiur* a fresgabhail; *ria fiur* a remid, ut dixit poeta: > 1. Is iad so na seacht fillti, > > Nit ernaili admillti, > > 1665] Tiagait i ngnuisibh glana > > Tobarta ocus foxlada. > Oenfilltech immorro teit i forgnuis togarthada & gen*itli*, ut dixit poeta: > 1. In fhir a thustidhi thiar thair > > 1670] > > Do sealbhadh do thogartaidh > > Ocus doibh ar aen ni ric > > Acht mad int aen don fichit. > Is iad sin in fiche gne saerda cona n-aradnaibh & rl. --- p.130 {BB folio 329a44} {E folio 28a5} Fer di*diu*, ebadh a fid, *io* no iphin ina reimim no 'na 1675] shealbad & rl .i. is idad inna selbad & ina thoghairm. Is iphin immorro ina thobartaid & ina foxlaid. Euad immorro ina n-ainmnidh & 'na ainsid. Cate diles fedha i fedhaibh, & dilis feda i fidh, & dilis fidh i fedhaibh? Diles fedha i fedhaibh cetamus .i. a 1680] riasna ceithri guth*aigib*, ar is i cetlabrad cach bi & iachtad gach mairb. Dilis fed i fidh *dno* .i. is dilis in forfidh og*aim* secepe fid i scribthar. Dilis fidh i fedhaibh .i. {BB folio 329b1} amal ata in forfidh as defogur .i. is *ed* as diles and in foghur tuisech, ar ni airimhtear in fogur dedhenach. 1685] Alt co fesear .i. co festar in n-aisti dona seacht primellgibh na fili*deachta* do ghne do thomhus. O sein inunn is du deachaibh sluinter alta iad ar na badh insce chumascda .i. o sin inunn isna degfhuachaib .i. is do dadfocl*aib* sluinter aisti airchetail ar na rabi in indsci cumascda amal dogniat 1690] na daerb*aird*. Lorga fuach .i. lairce lorchaine .i. remshuidigthi desillae*baig* biith riasna foclaib ica saerad ar da n-ernail .i. rogair & claenre (no claen celle). Ferthot a thelgud noe. Et bu bo & go ged .i. anmand 1695] sin tria ela*dai*n rancadar na filid do reir a fogair .i. fertot .i. fer rothoit and; & bo a uerbo boo no buo .i. fog*ra*igim .i. on geimim nobeth & ged go mbadh on geig gotha dob*er* --- p.132 {BB folio 329b14} {E folio 28a24} ass nobeth, amal asbert in Laitneoir: No*me*n de sono factum est .i. forcaemnacair int ainm don fogur ut est 1700] connall *stip* is ed a fogur ica loscudh. Is de sin ranic stipula do anmaim do icon Laitneoir. Aur*lond* no insce *dno* d' oreill in gai is ainm. Caidi int erlonn saerda fogabar conad aicniud? Ni ansa. Erlonn in gae. Cate int aurlonn indsci do nach asand insci acht 1705] insce bais .i. graini in gae. Cate int aurlonn is iarlonn & int iarlonn is urlonn & int urlonn is remlonn .i. urlonn .i. in gai .i. urlonn fadesin iarlonn dotess, ar is iar cach ndedenach; conid he sin int urlonn is iarlonn & is urlonn int urlonn is remlonn .i. intan rosaig lar ind airiall. Cate urlonn 1710] urlainn urlainni i n-urlonn .i. urlonn ferurlonn banurlonn nemurlonn: urlainni b*en* in fir: urlunna a ndis i n-urlaind .i. i nem no i n-if*ern*. Aurlunna ilair masc*ul* & femen in so sis: se, da, thri, cet*h*ri: si, di, teora, cetheora. Inunna insci airme 1715] o sin imach. Is andsain fogabar comrorco ilair neodair .i. cena urlanna ilair oca acht i n-uathad tantum. Cate insce saerda fogabar co n-aicned? Ni ansa. Is ed in ceand air is saerda a radh & se for in duine. Is aicenta immorro a radh fris iarna buai*n* de. 1720] Cia haenfocul recomhracach isna remendaib gebes ingrecus .i. greim na ceithre n-ernaili du remendaib .i. in focul as treghdad ar geibit arin foc*ul* is tregdad & as aitreib --- p.134 {BB folio 329b37} {E folio 28a45} & is innuttacht & as ascnam; ar ni bia in tregdad cen (i*nd*) aitreib, ni bia inn atreib cen in innot*acht*, ni bia int inutacht 1725] cen inn ascnam, conid tregdad o thuind co tuind teachtas. Cia bricht i mbit ocht feda ocon filid co ngeb int aenguta greim a leithi ut est sli*ach*ta & is ogleith in sin ni certleath .i. a haenar a n-agaid na secht lit*ir*. Cia baili inn Auraiccepta ata in sealbadh saerda cen reim acht reim 1730] remraiti, ut est, {illu134.1} alme {illu134.2} alme .i. in selbhad ata do [plus ] forin {illu134.3} & for {illu134.4}. Cia baili i fogabar comtoth consan cen tinfed treothu? Ni ansa. In baili i mbi *n* ria *g* cen gutaigi eturu, ut est uinge. Cia baili i fagabar in fidh forthormaigh iar forbu 1735] na n-ocht sillab isin focul is bricht? Ni ansa. In baili i mbia defogur isin ochtmad dialt is fidh forthormaigh indara fogur. Ocht sill*aba* *dno* isin focul is mo isin Gaed*ilg*, ut est, fiannamailechardaai{BB folio 330a1}: tre sillaba dec immorro in 1740] focul is mó isin Laitin, ut est, tenerificabilitudinitatibus. Cia taebomna gebes greim feda & focail & taebomna? Ni ansa. Queirt. Cia taebomna na geib greim feda no focail & taebomna? Ni ansa. Uath. Cate bunad ruidles*t*a in foc*ail* is aipgitir? Ni ansa. 1745] *A b e c e d i b o n* .i. copulatio literarum per se .i. ata isin aipgitir comhthinol na litir cona fialus. Ocus littir fodesein, cia bunad o fil? Ni ansa. Onni --- p.136 {BB folio 330a8} {E 28a62} as ligit*er*a .i. ainm tighi araili anmand aitrebas i traigh mara dianadh ainm Molosus & gibeadh neach atchi teghdhais 1750] in anma sin foillsigter do fis cen eledain. Am*al*i*s* s*et* iarum faillsighthi eolais & fessa do neoch aiscin in tighi sin, is amlaidh sin as sét faillsighthi eolais do fis & faiscin littri, conid airesain tugadh int ainm is littera o ainm tighi in anma remraiti for litt*ir* in gach baili ita. No 1755] littera a litura .i. on foillgiud .i. on chomailt doberdis na harsata forsna claro ciartha, ar intib nacetscribtha leo: no litera .i. inteach legend .i. set legind. Do bhunadhaibh na remend andseo sis. In tiasca[7](javascript:footNote('G502003/note007.html')) di fedaibh & deachaibh & remendaibh & 1760] furbhthi & altaibh & inscibh & etargairib amal rosuidigthi la filedu ina scuili cetna robhadar & la **Fenius Farsaidh** iar tebiu na Gaedelge asna di berlaibh sechtmogat. Co taiselbad do **Goediul mac Angein** ar is e sen dorothlaigh tepe na Gaed*elge* .i. int aenberla ba aill*iu* & ba cain*iu* cach berla 1765] conid aire fognith & conid iarum dotaiselbad conidh aire dogairther Gaed*elc* & Gaidhil. Nel (no Nin) mac Fenius dothuc Scotai ingen Foraind conidh dia ainm-sie dogairther Scuit. *Fer* a ainmnid uathaid.     *Fir* a ainmnid ilair. 1770] *Fir* a shealbad uathaid.     *Na fer* a shealbad ilair. *Do fir* a radh n-uathaid.     *Do feraibh* a rad n-ilair. *In fer* a inchosc uathaid.     *Inna firu* a inchosc ilair. *A fhir* a thoghairm uathaid.     *A fhir* a thoghairm ilair. *O fir* a oxail uathaid.     *O feraibh* a oxlaid ilair. 1775] *Og fir* a thurmeadh uathaid.     *Oc feraib* a fhuirmed ilair. --- p.138 {BB folio 330a41} {E folio 28b24} *Co fer* a ascnam uathaid.     *Co feraib* (*no co firu*) a ascnam ilair. *Sech fer* a shechmall uathaid.     *Sech feraib* (no *sech firu*) a seachmall ilair. *Tre fer* a thregdad uathaid.     *Tre feraib* (no *tre firu*) a thregdad ilair. 1780] *I fer* a inotacht uathaid.     *I firu* (no a *feraib*) a inotacht ilair. *I fir* a aitreb uathaid.     *I firu* (no *a feraib*) a aitreb ilair. *For fer* a fhortud uathaid.     *For firu* no *for feraib* a fhortud ilair. 1785] *Fo fhir* a fhotudh uathaid ilair.     *Fo fhiru* no *fo feraib* a fhotud ilair. *Tar fer* a thairrsci uathaid.     *Tar firu* no *tar feraib* a tharrsci ilair. *Ar fir* a fhrescbail uathaid.     *A firu* no *ar feraib a* fhrescbail ilair. 1790] *Fri fer* a fhreslighi uathaid.     *Fri firi* no *fri feraibh* a fhreslighi ilair. *Feron* a formoladh.     *Fer* a chodad. *Feer* a mhallrughudh.     *Refer* a delidhmi. *Ser* a chendfhochrus tuis.     *Fel* a chendfhochrus deidh. 1795] Ni airghear a dhiabhul .i. *ferfer*.     *Firini* a ludhughudh. *Sofer* a shaerughudh.     *Dofer* a dhaerughudh. Ni airec*ar* a urard .i. *fera*.     *Feraib* a aurisel. Et forsna firu & fona firu et tresna firu et isna firu et seach na 1800] firu {BB folio 330b1} a *lorga fuach*.     *Fefrier* a chonnail. E, es, in, co, tre, tar, sech fer a *dialt n-etarleime*. *Fertot* a thelgad noe.    *Fe* a airchill calaid. Ni airicar (a) arichill fuit no *feir* a airchill fuit, *Ferr* a 1805] dechnead, *Fe* a dichneadh. Ise, issi, issed, uinnse, unnse, onnar a urlunn indsci. Ceand cridi fulang a dhe[8](javascript:footNote('G502003/note008.html')) demi tebidhi in fhir. Suil & fiacail lanamain in chi*n*d. Srebann & cru lanamain --- p.140 {BB folio 330b7} {E folio 28b32} (lanamain in sreb*uinn* .i. bai*nn*e & glaiss, lanamain in chru 1810] .i. ruaidi & d*er*gi) in cridi. Lurgu & traigh lanamain ind fhulaing. Gene *dno* na lanamnaide deme .i. ebrachtur .i. abhrochtur (no i*m*cai*ned*) & malu, lanamain (no gene) na sula. Bu*n* & lethet lanamain (no gene) na fiacal. Croiceann & feich lanamain (no gene) na lurgan. Lith & 1815] tond lanamain (.i. gene) (na traiged. Alailiu dano, it e gene na lanamaide demi a forbhthi, air it hi tri gne dochuisnet gein forcomeda & gein daghchometa *&* gein fricom*eta*. G*ein* f*or*com*eta* cetamus, ut est, ailmne for glu*n*, i*m*mta samlaidh, ar is fair annuas ata gai ind *fh*ir forsail & is leis 1820] fochetoir geindir as do beolaibh i fut & i nn-airdi. Dinin disail biit amal rogabh fuil arrad feola & is isin feoil. Is amlaidh dinin dishail co ngaib lasin focul o thosuch gu dereadh gan urgabail ga*n* airditin. Arnin amal roghabh cnaim mullaich & leicni & cnuicc & find, & na hai nad 1825] genat lasin du*in*e fochetoir, uair fo cosmaillius alta duini doniter alta huadh. Ni taidbet *dno* int airnin lasin focul fochetoir forsa tochradar co mbi fo deoidh arding in focul. Ferdialt gu sin. (Incipit bandialt.) Bean. 1830] mna.     o mnai (no o bein).     tri mnai. na mban.     o mnaibh.     tria mna (no mnaib). do bein.     oc mnai.     i mnai. do mnaibh.     oc mnaa (no oc mnaib).     i mnaa (no mnaib). in mbein (no in mnai).     co mnai.     for mnai. 1835] inna mna     co mna (no co mnaib).     for mna (no mnaib). a bean.     sech mnai.     tar mnai. a mna.     sech mnaa (no sech mnaaib).    tar mnaa (no mnaib). --- p.142 {BB folio 330b30} {E folio 28b51} *benon* a formoladh.     *no mna* a lan. *ben* a codut.     ni airecair a dhiabul .i. 1840] *been* a mallrugud.     *benben*. *neb* a delidind.     ciasberat araili ni bhi *befrien* a chondail.     nach lan ina dhiabul. *ben* a oen.     *benine* a lugudud. *ben* a lan.     *soben* a saerugud. 1845] *doben* a daerugud, ni airicair a aurard (no i nn-uathad .i. *benna*). *Mna* i n-ilur a aurard. Ni airecar a airisel .i. (*benaibh*). Forsna, & fona, triasna, isna, *sech na mna* a lorga fuach: o, do, sech, for, in, *is ben* a dialt n- etarlemi. *Bentot* a thelgud noe. *Be* a airichil calaid. Ni bhi a 1850] airicill fuit no ni airicar airicil (.i. fuit). *Bel* a cennfochrus. *Benn* a deichneadh. *Be* a dichneadh. Cich & glun a ndemi thepide, fair & sridit a llanamnai: blass & millsi a ngeni-side. Almnae & ecsait lanamnai in glui*n*i. Cnaim & feoil a ngeni-side. No hit he a ngene a forbthe 1855] amal rom-ebhartmar. Bandialt conigi sin. Incipit do deim-dialt andseo sis. *Nem. Nemon* a formolad. *Nime* a cotut. *Neem* a mallrugud. 1860] na nime.     oc nim.     tre nem.     for nem. do nim.     oc nimibh.     tria nime.     for nime (no nimib). do nimib.     co nem.     i n-nem. a n-nem.     co nime.     i n-nime.     tar nem. inn nime.     sech nem.     i n-nim.     tar nime. {BB folio 331a1} 1865] o nim, o nimib.     sech nime.     i n-nimib.     fo nim, fo nimib. *Nefriem* a chonnail. *Nem* a oen. *Nem* a lan. Ni airecar a lugugud (no a diab*ul*). Ni fail a saerugud, nach a --- p.144 {BB folio 331a3} {E folio 29a12} daerugud, nach a aurard. *Nimib* a airisel. Forsna, fona, tresna, isna, sechna nime, a *lorga fuach*: o, do, in, co, es, 1870] fo, for, *d*e, sech na nime a *dhialt n-etarleme*. Ni fognae a thelgudh noe. *Ne* a airichill (.i. calaidh) ut est, n*em* ind us*ce*, no nem nathrach, ut est, n*em* im thalmain. Ni bi airichill (.i. fuit). *Nel* a chennfochrus. *Nemm* a deichnead. *Ne* a dichneadh. Ised, isi, ise; ondar, uinnsi, unnse a 1875] erlonn indsci. *Ni* airecar a deimi tepidhi, ar is deiminsci fadhesin. Nel & tuagh nimi a lanamnai demi: dath & airdi a ngeni-sen: no it he a fuirbhthi a ngeni. Nemdialt co sin. A ainmniugud *fer*. A shelbad *fir*. A rath 1880] *do fhiur*. A inchosc *in fer*. A thogairm *a fir*. A foxlaid *o fhiur*. A fuirmid *oc* **fh*iur*. A ascnam *co fear*. A sechmall *sech fhear* A threghdad *tre fer*. A inotacht *hi fir*. A aitreibh *hi fhir*. A fhorthudh *for fer*. A fhothudh *fo fhiur*. A tharrsce *tar fear* 1885] A fresghabail *ar fiur*. A airchelladh *ar fer*. A frecnarc *cia fer*. A imthimcheall *im fear*. A dighbhail *di fhiur*. Doformaighet alaile dano a tri frisna hii sin a dighbhail .i. *den fir*; & a thuarascbail .i. *in fer*; & a tustidi *in fir*: acht is inunn a dhighbhail & a fhoxlaidh; is inund a 1890] thuarascbhail & a inchosc; is inund a thuistiudh & a shelbhad. Incipit do ernailibh in imchomairc in so sis. Atat da aithfeghad for imchomarc .i. imchomarc iar n-inni thoirni & imchomarc iar n-airbhirt nan-airbirenn 1895] bith. Atat ceithre ernaili fair .i. meit & inni & inchosc & --- p.146 {BB folio 331a28} {E folio 29a45} aicnead. Imcomarc iar n-inni thoir*ne*: Atat ocht fothoir*nde* fair & cethri primthoir*nde* na n-ocht fothoir*nd*. It he gabair fona iv primthoir*ndib* conid ocht primthoir*nde* samlaid, cenmota comacomul & comfhilltighe & comshuidhigthe .i. 1900] com*acomul* ceilli & *cene*ó*il* & cetfaidhi cuirp & anma & folaidh & airmhi & aicenta. Is e int aicned hisin adasramed uili. Is e in met co fester in met no in laighet bis isin focul. Is i in inni co fester in inni uilc no maithiusa b*is* fond focul. Is e int inchosc co fester coich 1905] indsci, in indsci no in rann indsci. Masa rann indsci cate defir eter raind & indsci. Maso indsci coich in indsci, in ferindsci no in baninndsci no in deimindsci. Maso banindsci .i. indsci banda, ut est, nutrix .i. muimech lasin Laitneoir, int uili gne fem*in*da dachuisin dar beolo duine 1910] is nutricis in cenel sin, ar is nutrix is bhuimeach doaib uili. Maso ferindsci .i. indsci ferdha, ut est, pater .i. athair lasin Laitneoir, int uile gne masc*uil* & femin & neodair dochuisin dar beolu nduine is pater is athair doib uili .i. Dia Uilichumhachtach, Athair na n-uili dhula. Maso 1915] dhemindsci .i. indsci dimbeoaighthi, ut est, caelum .i. neam lasin Laitneoir, int uile gn*e* neoturda dochuisin dar beolo nduine is o nim ainmnigter. Is inni in cetna diall & diall tan*aiste* & tres diall & ceithreamad diall & cuiced diall & ran*n* & res & rece. *I*ssi in *res in* primthor*and*. Is i in rece in 1920] fothor*and*. In fhothor*and* i se*n*, atat cethri ranna fuirri .i. seacht n-airm & seacht n-acenta & secht ndescena a dheiscin iar ceill & iar {BB folio 331b1} ceniul & iar nguth & iar mbreithir & iar --- p.148 {E folio 29b2} labradh. Is do comachomol in gotha & na breithri sin & labartha asait ernaili imchomairc. 1925] Finit. #### 3 Trefocul in so amal rocumsat na baird & na patreni .i. trefocul cen cuail cnam. Cen craip cainti. Cen comman. Cen comsiudh. Cen dichur n-ecoir. Cen dallbhach dona 1930] dallbaig*ib*. Cen ellach duna ellgib. Cenmota oenella*ch*. Cen tar. Cen tamall. Cen faicit[9](javascript:footNote('G502003/note009.html')) co cuibdius. Cen faic*it*[10](javascript:footNote('G502003/note010.html')) cen chuib*dius*. Cen a focul frisin n-aprait fil*id* frisuithi. Cen imsechfaidh indsci. Cen asneis for araile. Cen ec*n*a*ch*. Cen ecnuadh. Cen scath dofarce cuitbiud. Cen ae f*or* 1935] an-ae. Cen saebsuidhiugud dialt ic frecra d' iarcomruc i n-urd bairdni. Conach in ceath*ar*cubhaidh cummait baird. Cona friortud tecta forna focla masa oe congabhthar amal asbert: Trefocul tachraid fil*id*. No (mar so) ita trefocul: cen chlaen, cen rudraigh, cen 1940] rofot, cen rogair, cen dimbrigh, cen forbrigh, cen ecnairc fri freg*nairc*, cen uathad fri ilar, cen ecenel, cen ec*om*uaim, cen ecuibdius, cen anocht .i. da locht deg na hirlabra in sin. Dia nditen-sidhe cethri cenela fichet .i. co*r*raib ann: a formoladh, a codut, a mallrugud, a diabul, a deilide*n*, a oen, 1945] a lan, a lugu*gu*d, a saerughudh, a daerugud, a aurard, a airisel, a dhichneadh, a dhoichnead, a chonnail, a chendfochrus, a airchill fuit, a airchill calaid, a thelgudh noe, a urlonn insce, a hinsce m*od*, a lanamna deimi, a demi thepidhe, a ngen-side, co ndath & tothucht, co tomus fri fidh 1950] --- p.150 {BB folio 331b26} {E folio 29b24} & dech, reim & forbad, alt & insci & etargoire ar cach cenel labartha dotuisim ar beolu duine *dohuisimar*, ar is a dealt domiter recomhrac, a recomrac domiter iarcomrac, a hiarcomrac *dno* feles, a feles domiter claenre, a claenre domiter luibenchosach, a luibenchosach domiter claidem*nas*, a 1955] claidem*nas* domiter bricht: ar comititer alta uad fri haltaib in duine, ar ita coic alta sescat ar tri cet in duine, a coic sescat ar tri cet aisti archet*ai*l, & coic laithi sescat ar tri cet isin bliadain & a coic sescat ar tri cet du luibib tre thalmain conastacmai*n*g tlacht in trefocuil de quibus dicitur: 1960] Trefocul tacrait filid. > 1. *Trefocul* tacrait filid > > Do didin a n-indligid, > > Ni mo *na* lucht cuibrind clan*d* > > Di neoch tuirmim notuigeand. > > 1965] > 2. Sceith *ocus* gnuisi glana > > Aincit lochta linmara. > > Immar roscum Adna ogh, > > Ni tarba gen a tintodh. > 3. Da anocht deg is derb libh > > 1970] Dleghit a fis na fili*d*; > > A main nocho n-fuair Etai*n*, > > Rofuaigh aib inn aircetail. > 4. Da sciath dec is da ghnuis deg > > Roordaigh dia n-imchoimet > > 1975] Na lochta cen lomrim lac, > > Da da comlin noscobrat. > 5. Na gnuisi diten atb*ér* > > Cotut is aen na*ch* aimger, > > Saerugud daerugud des > > 1980] Na lorga fuach fria firmhes. > > > --- > > p.152 > > > {BB folio 331b44}{E folio 29b42} > > 10. Dialt n-etar*leme* n og, > > Airichill fuit, is fir on, > > Airichill calaid, ni cam, > > Cendfochrus tuis ria thodall. > > 1985] > 11. Dichnead tuis, dechnead tuis tair, > > Ins*c*e *m*od** cona modhaib, > > Is i dara gnuis deg dil, > > Urlonn insci ria hairimh. > 12. Na sceith ditin fon domun > > 1990] Formolad is mallrugud, > > Fuaradar senfilid sain > > Da deilidin is condail. > 13. A lan ni lan cen bunad > > A diabul, a lugugud, > > 1995] Memur fri cach sobard sen, > > A fhorard, a fhoriseal. > 14. Airmim telgud nae co nneim > > Ocus cendfoch*rus* derid, > > Dichn*ed* derid {BB folio 332a1}, is docair, > > 2000] Dechn*ed* deirid degfoc*ail*. > 15. Is iat sin na da sciath deg, > > Eolaig ica n-imcoimet, > > Is na da gnuis deg rodet > > Na ceithri fodla fichet. > > 2005] > 16. Na filid ma fitir so, > > Ni muin fedm eicsi forro. > > Cindas fhailgit a n-ulcu? > > Cindas aincit anuchtu? > 17. In n-aengnuis no *in* ensciath ard > > 2010] Icas ar cach locht langarg, > > No in dias im cach locht rolad? > > Ni de bias olc dia imrad. > > > --- > > p.154 > > > {BB folio 332a7}{E folio 29b56} > > 22. Cip he chanas cona cheill, > > Tria intliucht n-amnas n-acbeil, > > 2015] Is duiligh is is docair > > A tuirim in Trefocail.     Trefocail. > 23. *Trefocul* in tri focail, > > Fis a ruine is rodocair, > > Tricha ar a se cose > > 2020] Fritha tria gne nGaedilge. > 24. Da anocht ar a deich dib, > > Ni cubaidh cen a comrim, > > Nit carit a daini dam > > Scarait maini for molad. > > 2025] > 25. Claen atberim dib ar tus, > > Im eolach ina imthus: > > Ni haenchloen acht is tri claein, > > O nach saercaem *cach saerchaem* cach > > > saerlaid. > > 2030] > 26. Claen creiti rochuala cach, > > Im rannaibh ni ba rognath, > > Re taeb cach duilghiusa de, > > Claen cuibdiusa, claen ceille. > 27. Claen crete ni claen cen cheass, > > 2035] Is at deich millti milles, > > Taibgit fiach in molta amaig, > > Da sciath corcra 'na chomair. > 28. In claen cuibdiusa is cubaidh, > > Da gnuis riasan gliaphudair, > > 2040] Ocus da sciath 'na ndegaid, > > Nocho liach a llandegail. > 29. Da sciath, da gnuis in gelli, > > Is ed ainces claen ceilli; > > Cobigi celli, gan col, > > 2045] Is ernail di anac*o*l. > > > --- > > p.156 > > > {BB folio 332a22}{E folio 30a7} > > 34. Da ernail ainces rudrach, > > Co nach be in gres glephudrach, > > Tri s*ceith*, tri gnuisi, gan glor, > > Aincit in ro*th*at romor. > > 2050] > 35. Cuic sceith, tri gnuisi, gan goimh, > > Is ed ainces ar rogair; > > Oengnuis ainces dimbrig dib, > > Is aengnuis ainces forbrig. > 36. Oengnuis diten, na ro*n*-dairt, > > 2055] Ainces egnairc fri frecnairc: > > Sciath maraen *ocus* gnuis glan > > Aincit uathad fri hilar. > 37. Nai sceith diten co nduilgius, > > Aincit uili ecuibdhius; > > 2060] Cia nach labair con a luis, > > Ocus no-ainic aengnuis. > 38. Na tri gnuisi, gruaid fri gruaid, > > Is maith aincit eco*m*muai*m*; > > Ocus da s*ciath*, ni saeb lib, > > 2065] Aincit eco*m*muai*m* n-eitig. > 39. Ecenel, nocho n-ord mear, > > Non-anaig aengnuis diten; > > Anocht no-aincet da sciath, > > A beith ranocht is roliath. > > 2070] > 40. Anocht ainm coitchend cubaid > > Dolean do gach lanphudair; > > Int anocht, ni hainm cen cheass, > > Cia ralocht dian ruidles. > 41. Anocht mas ainm do cach locht, > > 2075] Cid dia n-aidera d' oen*l*ocht? > > Uair nocho n-aenlocht ce*n* on, > > Is taebhnocht i Trefocul.     Trefocul. > > > --- > > p.158 > > > {BB folio 332a37}{E folio 30a23} > > 46. Sceith is gnuisi fogeib daib > > Amal iccait cach n-anaebh; > > 2080] Dingbaid din, ní socht solam, > > Da locht co fir formol*ad*. > 47. Oenicc ic catut, cen col, > > Is oenícc ic mallrugud; > > Ni gne mergnima midid > > 2085] Sei deigdina ic delidnid. > 48. Aichnid dom' anmain, cen ail, > > Se c*a*bartha 'na con*d*ail, > > Ar aenlocht ainceas a haen > > Ocus a lan co lanchaem. > > 2090] > 49. Diabull dingbad din, gu da**i**th > > Na tri lochta co lanmaith; > > Aincid, ni holc in monor, > > Ar da locht a lugugod. > 50. Aincit ar da locht, gen log, > > 2095] Saerugud is daerugud: > > Aincit da firlocht masead > > A urard a uiriseal. > 51. Aincit lorga fuach a bos > > Ar da locht gu lanfhollus: > > 2100] Dialt n-etarleimi n-oll > > Icaid da anocht acon*n*. > 52. A thelgud nai, niamda a bhlas, > > Is ar da anocht icas; > > Airichill fuit is ferr de, > > 2105] Ni dingaib dín acht deide. > 53. A airchill calaid, can cheass, > > Ro*n*n-anaig ar da ainges > > No dos-díngaib gan tochrus > > Amal atchi cendfoc*hrus*. > > 2110] > > > --- > > p.160 > > > {BB folio 332a51}{E folio 30a38} > > 58. Dingbaid dichnead tri phudra {BB folio 332b1} > > D'ar n-anochtaib anumla > > O dechnead gan tromsnimh tra > > Foirther in comlin cetna. > 59. Innse m*od* nocho mod n-olc, > > 2115] Nocho n-ai*ni*g acht aenlocht; > > Aurlond insci, ainm cubaid, > > Ni ainic acht aenphudhair. > 60. Is iat sin gnuisi *is* sceith, > > D'eicsib nochon at anfheigh; > > 2120] Ni ma teit du rigi rand > > Cach fili nachasforband. > 61. D'icc na da fichet, gan ail, > > Frith d'fhoghlaib for anochtaib, > > Adharta don righ dos-rat, > > 2125] Secht g*c*abartha ceth*ra*chat. > 62. Na filid tancadar tall > > Maraen re **Tuaith De Danann**, > > Rob imda ollam ocaib > > Ag tolladh in Trefocuil.     Trefocul. > > 2130] > 63. Da sciath ainces claen creiti, > > Uaim 'sin rand-sa is rochreti, > > Deilidi foclach faebrach > > Is deilidi sill*aebach*. > 64. A airchill fuit, is feidil, > > 2135] Naroi cendfoc*hrus* deiridh, > > Codut mallrugud measa > > Aincit in claen cuibdhiusa. > 65. Aincit ar in claen ceilli > > Lorga fuach, dialt deglemi, > > 2140] Ocus cobfighe, cen col, > > Is ernail dia n-anacol. > > > --- > > p.162 > > > {BB folio 332b15}{E folio 30a52} > > 70. Cach rand romilleadh immaig > > A llus rudraighe i rrandaib, > > Rudhrach noco n-airisead > > 2145] Dar urard, dar uirisel. > 71. Na da condail mar itclos > > Na da airichill i fos, > > Na dichneda, Dia dos-rat, > > Tarso noco ria rofat. > > 2150] > 72. Formolad, diabul, cen on, > > Telgudh noe, *ocus* lugugud > > Uaitighit ca*ch* rogair rib > > Lorga dialta, deichnid. > 73. Saerugud doine in domain > > 2155] Ar dimbrig is degcobair, > > Daerugud gach duini dib > > Nos-aincenn uili ar forbrig. > 74. Aen ainces ar ilar ndan, > > Ar uathad ainces a lan, > > 2160] Ecnairc fri frecnairc co fir > > Indsce modh ica mordhin. > 75. Aincit ecuibdius a fir, > > Formolad, da delidin, > > Telgud nor, niamhda in monor, > > 2165] Condail li*tri*, lughugud. > > Airichill calaid, mo chean, > > A dichned, is a dheichnedh. > 76. Da delidin, diabul des, > > Foirit ecommuaim n-indles, > > 2170] Ocus na-foiret hi fus > > Deicned, dicned, cendfochrus. > 77. Ecenel airm idir an*d*, > > Is luath non-anaigh aurland. > > Aingit ar anocht ria head > > 2175] Diabul, aurard, auriseal. > > > --- > > p.164 > > > {BB folio 332b30} > > 82. Milliud *remi* gach reim n-olc, > > Do ni ainm ni acht anocht; > > Lemm ni gleacc*ur* a gait > > Asin trefhocul tacrait. > t. t. f. Trefocul. > > > > 2180] Do dhligegaibh dunta na nduan inso sis. > 1. Dunta for nduan decid lib, > > A aes in dana dlighthig, > > C*es*t, nocho caingen falaigh > > 2185] In dai*n*gen ros-dunsabair. > 2. Menip dunta cach duan dron > > Cia locht isin Trefhocul? > > Air is e tall rostecair > > Lochta imda airchetail. > > 2190] > 3. Mini dunta a duan nd*re*main > > Ca*ch* fer dona filedaibh, > > Cia heraic dlegair uaid ind, > > On fir doni in laid lanbinn? > 4. Cia ainm cach dunsa dibh sein > > 2195] Sluinnet na baird dia mbraithrib? > > Caisted cach, cluined in fis, > > Meni fhuilet 'na a*n*fis. > 5. Comi*n*dsma do Don*d*chad *Do*, > > Ascnam *Dond*, im cach deglo, > > 2200] Saighid so, is e in slicht amra, > > *Dondchadh* int ainm ollamda. > 6. Ascnam iar saigid [suairc](G502003/app001.html) , > > ‘Dondcad dia fich *in domon*,’ > > Uaim do rind ‘Don*d*chud na ndrech’ > > 2205] ‘Dia fich in domun daightheach.’ > 7. In inund dunad dlegair > > Finntar ona fil*edaib*, > > Ar curp na duai*n*e 'na ndan > > 'S ar in iarcomarc n-imslan. > > 2210] > > > --- > > p.166 > > > {BB folio 332b46} > > 12. Saighit*h*, ascnam, uaim do rind, > > Dunait curpu duan, derb lind; > > Cach iarcomarc is gloir glan, > > Comi*n*dsma is coir dia ndunad.     Dunta. > 13. A aes dana in domain tiar tair > > 2215] Eter Erinn is Albain, > > Ni dleghait seoto sona > > Cach duaine na ba dunta.     d. d. d.     Dunta. > 14. Da cuincead neach a ndliged > > Cia lin dam na firfhiled > > 2220] For feacht feili, for cai cuir, > > For gnathlessaib, for fledaibh: {BB folio 333a1}. > 15. Ceathrur ar fichit iar fir > > Fecht feili ollaman righ, > > Ochtur for caei, cen chessa, > > 2225] Da fer dec fria gnathleassa. > 16. Deichenbhur fri fleadha fuair > > Dlegair do in ghleiri caemshluaigh, > > It e sin fri bagha bladh, > > Ceithri damha in ollaman. > > 2230] > 17. Da fer dec d' anrush donfa, > > Coicfhiur fer fria gnashlessa, > > Seissiur for coe, caemthuit cluidh, > > Ochtar iar fir tri fleadaibh. > 18. Tobair do chli ar a dhan > > 2235] Ochtar, uasal a fordamh, > > Seser for fleadaibh na fess, > > Coicer cae, cethrar gnathless. > 19. Seissiur du canait, na ceil, > > For cach feacht feili feithith, > > 2240] Cethrar for fleadaib fessa, > > Triur cae, dis fri gnathlessa. > > > --- > > p.168 > > > {BB folio 333a11} > > 24. Ceathrur do dus, damh as deach, > > Is triur fri fleada fil*ed*, > > Dias for coe, ria meass du*n* mhal, > > 2245] Is fria leass a aenuran. > 25. Triar for fecht feili dofhidh, > > Dam thoga do m*a*c fuirmidh, > > Dias for fleadhaibh, co fathach, > > Oen coe, oen leas roghnathach. > > 2250] > 26. Ni theis dar diis iar sin, > > In da daim do fochlocain, > > Aen for coe, oen for fleid fead, > > Oen fria leassa: dia cuinged. > > Dia cuincead neach a ndligedh cia. > > 2255] > Finit Amen finit **Solamh O Droma** nomine scripsit. ***Murch*ertach* riabach O Cuindlis** do scrib so da aide diles .i. do **Mac Fhirbisig** & ar mbennacht leis da thuilleadh.* --- p.171 AURAICEPT --------- ### *[An céd leaphar]* {YBL folio 219a23} {Eg folio 63 1b26} Incipit eraicept na n-Eiges .i. eraicept, uair er gach 2260] taois*each*: aicicht dono .i. icht aici, ar is i n-aici bios in deisgiop*ul* agin maigister; no dono aicept, id est, acceptus, airiti cugad i*n*d *n*eiche nach bfil ogat: na n-eiges .i. na nai gan ches .i. na bfil*ed*. Cid *diana* tois*e*a*ch* so? Ni ansa. Don teipi doteip*ed* asin Gaoid*ilg*, oir iss ed tois*each* 2265] arri*cht* la Fenius ier dtiachtain gusan sgoil amuigh. Gach son do na hai*r*ni*cht* cair*echt*aire & gach son fordhorcha ropui in gach beusgna & in gach berla, fofrith ionad doibh isin Gaidilc, conid aire sin is forlethi quam gach mbesgna: er gach toiseach da*no*, uair is hed is toiseacha 2270] lasna filedha, cech son fordorcha duo riachtain i tossach .i. bethe-luis-ni*n* an ogaim ar bith*in* a ndorch*aid*eta. Cest, cie tugait ar a n-ab*ar* berla tob*id*i don Gaoidilc ? Ni ansa. Uair as gach perla roteip*ed*, & gach son fordorcha roboi in cech beusgna, fofrith ionad doibh isin nGaoidhilc ar a 2275] forleithe sech gech mbeusgna. Cest, dono, in raibi Gaidelc resiu rotop*ad*? Ropuoi eimh. [11](javascript:footNote('G502003/note011.html')) Ar ni fagbaigt*er* in dá berla sechtmogat *ceana* gan in Gaoidilc. Ceithri hanman*n*a dono for Goid*ilc* docom nuibir a ranna no coma*d*ainm gach 2280] primberla dona tri primberlaib .i. Ebra & Gr*eig* & Laidin, & ainm dilis o Gaoid*iul* .i. Gaoidelg, ud dixsit: > 1. [Ticalod a hEbrad aird, > > Is malot a Greig glegairg, > > Legulus a Laitin le, > > 2285] Tinoltach fir a fine. > > > --- > > p.172 > > > {YBL folio 219a45}{Eg folio 63 2a4} > > 6. In berla teip*idi*i tric > > Roleasoig Gaoidel {YBL folio 219b1} glanglic, > > Uath*a* do tsiol Gaoidil gairg > > Duine aga mbia a firainm. > > 2290] > 7. Gaoidel aderaitsim fris > > Lucht aineol*ais* is ainpfis, > > Ni neasa dho Gaoid*el* glic > > Indas do gach ealg oird*eirc*. > 8. Ma hail dam a radh fri cach > > 2295] Co (rubh) *co* follus an fath, > > It iat re garmain gan gai > > Cethri hanman*d*a an berla*i*. [12](javascript:footNote('G502003/note012.html')) > Cest, cie tir a rugad Gaoidelc? Ni ansa. A nEigeipt. Et cie hairm sonnradach a ruccad? Ni ansa. I muig 2300] Uga a rand iart*har*deisgert*aigh* na hEigipti. Cest, cie don sgoil doch*uaid* co suidhe? Ni ansa. Gaidel mac Eithiuir meic Tai meic Barachain do Gregaiph Sgeithia. Cest, cie méud don-ucc*ad*di. Ni ansa. A huiletaighie cenmotha indi dotormachtad*ar* filid trie fordorcha ier dtorr*acht*ai*n* 2305] co Fen*ius*. Cest, cie berla don da berlaib sechtmogat rotaisealp*ad* do Fenius i ttos*ach*? Ni ansa. Berla Feine .i. Gaid*el*c, ar is he Gaid*el* pa tocha leis die sgoil, *et* is he ron-alt asa oighe no asa oidig, *et* is he pa soam don sgoil, & ar a forlethe sech cech mbeusgna *et* is he berla tois*ech* 2310] rucad on tuor & ropoi eimh Ebra & Gr*ei*g & Lait*in* la **Feinius** riesiu this*ad* on Sgeithia *et* ni rainig a leas a n-*ai*(t)-denamh icc in tor, conid aire sin is tois*ech* a rotaisealpad. Cest, nach raibi isna berlaiph ni bud uaisl*iu* do riacht*ain* quam in Gaoidelc? Ni ansa. Ar a cuibhdi, ar a hetruime, 2315] ar a forleithe, ar a mine. Cest, cidh ar madh forlethe quam cech mbesgna? Ni ansa. Ar is he cetna besgna rugad on tor, & pa mete co m*ad* lethe quam cech mbesgna conid aon die taiselp*ad* a tos*ach*. --- p.173 {YBL folio 219b25} {Eg folio 63 2a25} *Caite Log et Aimsear et Persa* et Tucait Sgribinn na 2320] Gaoideilge? Ni ansa. Tor Nemruaid c*et*us Locus Faci*e*ndi, ar is aici irri*cht* a tos*ach*. Ocus aimser di aimser cumd*aig* an tuir la cloinn Adaim. Persa di Sacap mac Ruicimorcus, uair is he rodus-fucc on tuor & Gaoidel mac Eithiuir meic Tai meic Barachain do 2325] Gregaip Sgeithia. A tugait sgribhinn tour Nemruaid do chumdach. Esmberat araile conid tugait di Gaidel do duola isin tir a rugad he, fobith is he tois*ech* rosgribh a dtaiphlibh & a lecaiph isin lucc tsenr*ad*ach dienat ainm Calcaneinsis. Is and rosgriph Gaoidel in Gaid*ilc*, no dono 2330] is he Sacab mac Ruicimorcus rosgribustar, & adberait araile comad aonleapar int Uraicept uile, & comad he so a log-aimser. Cidh ara n-ap*ar*t*har* besgna doumanda don Gaedilg & nach di ata briathar lasna hec*na*daibh eolchu? Ni ansa. 2335] Iersinní aisn*ed*es do cestaibh & do caingnibh domundu iter thuaith *et* ecl*ais*. Cid ar a n-abar co mad borb fie*d* Dia inti leighius Gaedilc? Ni di at*a* briath*ar* sund, acht do uiledetaidh na feallsamnachta iter gramat*aig* & dilliocht*aig* & rim, ut dixit poeta: 2340] > 1. Foglaim feallsamnacht*a* is fas, > > Leigeand, gramatach is gluas, > > Literdacht leir ocus rim, > > Is bec a mbrigh for nim tsuas. > Cest, nach feallsamnacht an Gaidelc? Ni hedh eter acht 2345] a nd*er*naid mion-{YBL folio 220a1} ughdair fri deredh an domain ar tuccait derscaighti sech na hugdaraiph toisecha. No is ed is beusgna domunda and & is feallsamnacht dimain .i. ind erritacht *et* an aimiris dogni nech a n-agaid na firinne diadha & daon*n*a, & iss ed sin is borb fia*d* Dia anti 2350] leighius G*aedilc* no[13](javascript:footNote('G502003/note013.html')) andaidi. Cidh ar a ndebert aipcitir .i. eibi ioc duar .i. ic focul, ar ni hi iocus na foc*lu* --- p.174 {YBL folio 220a5} {Eg folio 63 2b8} acht is iad na foc*ail* nus-icainn-si. Is he *focul Eg.* itbert sund .i. rand, ut est: Cie duar donesa nath. 2355] *Aaspearat tra ughdair na* nGaoidel dano. Cidh ar a ndepertsim: asberad na hugdair robatar roimhe, uair is he Cendfaolad arainic in leapar-sa .i. Brol*ach* i*n*d Uraic*e*pt*a* & ugdair *na nGaidel* dano, rob iad-siden F*enius* F*arsaidh* & Iar mac Nema. Ni ansa. Ar uaisle na 2360] haimsire isrup*ar*t .i. aimser frecnairc, uair geip*id* an aimsir frecnairc for na huil*ib* aimseraiph *ut dicitur: presens tempus pro omni tempore ponitur. Samaigt*her* in aimsir fhrecnairc for na huil*ib* aimsir*ib*.* Cinnus on & he da radha int aonfoc*ul* a mbit na da 2365] sill*ab*a nach gcantar a n-aonaimsir, ut dicitur, lego .i. legaim, quando dicis *le-* futurum est *-go*, preteiretum est *le-* quando dicis *-go* .i. intan raidhi in sill*ab* tois*each*, to-dochaidi cugut in sillab deighinach *et* sechmatu sechat in sillab toiseach. *Deitbir on* amal isbert in Laitneoir: 2370] Tempus non dividitur sed opera nostra diuiduntur .i. nocha n-í ind aimser fogailter and acht metugud aimsire bis iter na sill*aba*, no ar ngnimrad-ne feisin: no dano is fr*ec*ra dona hugdaraiph robatar a n-aonaimsir ris fein t*u*c Cendfaol*ad* in tan ispert *asperat ughdair na nGaidel*. 2375] Cid ar a dtugs*o*m *a* sound ar tus sech na guthaigi aili? Ni ansa. Ar is i as sruithi a bfedhaib & is uaisle a nguthaighaiph & is i cetlapra cech pi .i. *a*, & iacht*adh* cech mairph .i. *ach* Asperdis na cetughdair, asperat na hughdair deighencha: *Comba si tugait* airic in perla Feine gnim 2380] n-ingnath .i. nemgnathach ar a ainminci, n-indlig*thech* .i. ar a uaiphrigi forcaomnaccair isin do*mun* .i. cumdach t*uir* N*emruaid* .i. do triall dola f*or* neam ina gcorpaiph daon*n*a gan comairleigud fria Die. Nemruad itsin dono --- p.175 {YBL folio 220a31} {Eg folio 63 2b40} trenf*er* tsil A*daim* uile ina aimsir fein e .i. Nemruadh 2385] mac Quis meic Caim *meic* Nai. Ni pi ierum aonri forsin dom*an* go haimsir Nin meic Peil acht mad comairl*id* & tois*ich* namá batar an*d* co sin anall. Da comairl*id* sechtmogat ierum robatar isinn aimsir sin isin doman a ndernadh in tor & pa he indara comairl*id* sechtmogat 2390] Nemruad. Trenfear iarum ind *N*emruad sin, fer án occ seilg .i. for aighiph *.i. coip* & f*or* *f*ieduch .i. for milaib trachta muigi, & airrcheis .i. for mucaip allta, & air*n*nelaib .i. for eunaiph. Co mbitis sochaide do daoinip oca lenm*ain*, co m*b*a lie samlaidh .i. a 2395] slog*aibh* & co mba nertmaire .i. i*m* a col*aind* fein saml*aidh* oldas cach, conid he dorimart in da comairl*id* sechtmogat isinn aoncomairli, do denam an tuir, la hua brathar a athar .i. la Faillec mac Regua meic Arafaxat meic Seim meic Nai, & pa he sin an dara comairlid sechtmogat 2400] chena co sin anall, & isberatsum ierum co mba he an comairlid & co mba aontois*ech* doiph {YBL folio 220b1} uile in Faillec. Is imcom*a*rc sund anmanda in da fer sechtmogat lasa ndernad in tor; acht chena ni airmit sgribenda acht anmanda na se bfer ndec ba airecam diph, edon Faillec, 2405] Nemr*uad*, Eiber, Laiti*n**u*s, Ribat, Nabgaton, Asur, Ybath, Loncbard, Bodbus, Britus, Germanus, Garad, Sgithus, Bardanius, Sardain. Ier ndil*inn* & ier n-aicc*ned*acht chena is he Neamruad in cetri: is he cetri ier n-ealad*ain* in Faill*ec* reimraiti. Is he immorro[14](javascript:footNote('G502003/note014.html')). iar n-ughdaras in cetri 2410] Nin mac Peil meic Ploisg meic Piliris meic Agamolis meic Fronoisis meic Gitlis meic Trois meic Asuir meic Seim meic Naei. Is he immorro flaith lasa ndernadh in tor .i. Faillec mac Regua meic Arafaxat meic Seimh meic *Noi*: uel Faillec mac Eber meic Saile meic Arafaxat 2415] meic Naoi. Asan panaictti, id est, proprium nomen lipri tucc*ad* in gl*uas* coir. Adcuodsu*m* dano indi sin *adcodasti*m* --- p.176 {YBL folio 220b12} {Eg folio 64 1a24} dano anisin. Asp*er*t N*em*r*uad* comad a ainm sin forbeith ant saoirsi sin go brath. Adrodimes do*no* dosum anísin* o ua brathar a athar o fuill*ter* go 2420] m*ad* tor Nemruaid he ar chena. Tr*ed*i ar a ndernadh in tor la cloui*nd* *Adaim* .i. ar uaman na dilend moire do thoig*eacht* doridhise, ar ni rocr*et*siot do derpairdip De .i. do sduaigh nime, & do dol doiph ina gcorpaip daonda for nem do talmain .i. comadh arad 2425] fr*es*gaphala doip dochum nime & d' oirrdercugud anmand in fhiall*aig* lasa ndernad an tor dara n-eisi, conid e sin itbert Ri nime fri muinter neime: Ueniti ut vidamus et confoundamus lingas eorum .i. taoit co raufegam & co romel*acht*naigem & co robuaidrem & co 2430] rasgaoilem a dtengta impo. Pa mor tra cumachta tsil Ad*aim* & a nert ag denam in tuir cona festaois ierum in roibhi cumachta Righ neime *uaistis*. Romesgaighti ierum impo int aonberla poi oca .i. goirtig*ther*n, cona roaithn*ed* nech dip berla aroile .i. antan adbered nech 2435] dip ‘tuc cloich dam’ is crand doberti dho. Dethbir on, ar ni do clochaib na do chrandaib doroigned an tor acht do cria*i*dh tsuaiti & do bidm*ain*. Cinnus on, oir intan adb*er**t* nech diph ‘tuc cloich dam’ is cran*n* adberedh do.[15](javascript:footNote('G502003/note015.html')) Ni ansa. Na leca fora suaiti in cr*e* & na f*or*chu*d*a frie 2440] s*ui*te is iat sin clocha & cran*n*a noimluaidis etorra. Asb*eir* do*no*: > 1. Da aicce for sechtmogha*i*d > > Arim suas frie gnim ngaph*aid* > > Iter aol is bitoum*ain* > > 2445] Ocus talmain is tathl*uib*. > ut est: > 1. Oel, ola and ocus fuil, > > Cre, uisgi, ros, lin lancuir, > > Tuis, mirr, bitomain co mbuaid, > > 2450] *Noi* n-adhbair in t*uir* Nemruaid. > --- p.177 {YBL folio 220b33}{Eg folio 64 1b6} Dolotar tra filedha imda asin Sgeithia reib chianaiph iarna gnimaiph sin do foghl*aim* na n-ilperla ogcon tour, ar dorui*m*net*ar* maig*i*n as rofoghl*oin*ti accus a n-airneachta na hilberla do tsil Adaim; robatar and ier gcomloinntius. 2455] Doloutar ierum co magh Senair .i. mag in rocumd*acht* in tor, coicc*er* sechtmogat lion na sgoile .i. fer gech berla & saoi gacha primberla diph sin dona *tri* primberlaib .i. Eaphra, Greig, Laitin. Ceithri berla sechtmogat as gach primberla dipsin, iss ed rofoghl*ad* and, 2460] co n-athgap*ail* na primberla. Fil*id* do radh riu, uair doboi filideacht osgarda acu cen co raibi filidecht e*ladnach*: no is filideacht ealadn*ach* ropui acu in tan sin *et* is ierum aricht filideacht osgarda & is iadside doniat Gaidelcho. **Feinius Farrsaidh** ainm a tois*ig* .i. mac Eog*ain* meic 2465] Glunfind meic Lamfind *meic Agn*am*ain* meic Toi meic Semair *meic Mair* meic Eiteachta meic Urtechta meic Abosth meic {YBL folio 221a1} Aoir meic Les*er* meic Seth meic Sru meic Esru meic Baith meic Ribath meic Goimeir meic Iaffeith meic Naoi meic Laimfiach. 2470] Pau saoi sidhein isna tri primberla cidh riesiu tisad atuaidh. O na hairnig iarum F*enius* comlainius na n-ilperla agin tuor, forfod*ail* a sgola *et* a deisgipla uad fo crichaib & fo cendadhachaibh bfer dtalman for gach leith do foghlaim na n-iolperla, & nosnothrustar .i. 2475] adfoirith*ed* uais, Fenius iet ider biathad *et* etugud in gcein patar agin foghlaim .i. vii mbliadhna na foghlama & tri bliadhna in taispenta cona*d* *deich* samlaidh; occus an*ais* F*enius* icin tor in n-airit sin & roaitr*eb* and co dtorrachtadar *a* sg*ol*a cuige as gach aird, conid desin asbersim i 2480] ccurp lipair: I gcionn *deich* mbliadan ier sgaoil*ed* on tor for gach leth, is and doreib*ed* in Gaedelg. Isperat araile ughdaor nat pui nech do cloinn Ionain meic --- p.178 {YBL folio 221a13} {Eg folio 64 1b34} Iafeth meic Nai die rocin*etar* Gregaig *et* die rochin Fenius a*c* cumdach an tuir *et* patar siol Nai olchena. Deithper 2485] oun, ar ni raiphe in mac sin ag Ieffeth mac *Noi*, & rl. *Cest caiti *ge*in Fein*ius*? Ni ansa. Fenius mac Baath meic Maghach meic Iaffeith meic Nai & rl.* Berla nEpraide tantum roboi isin doman re cumdach an tuir & is si da*no* bies da*no* ier mbrath, *et* isberat araile co 2490] m*ad* edh nobeth la muinntir nime. Pa haonberla boi isin doman intan rogabsat, da berla dec is tri fichit tan ro-sgarsat, ut est:— > 1. Goirtigern ainm an berla > > Rophui ag mac De *den* deghergna, > > 2495] *Ocus* ag sil Adaim uair > > Rie cumdach an tuir N*emruaid*. > Perla n-Ebr*aid*e dano cidh o rahainmniged? Ni ansa. Is he Eber ainm in toisigh rocoimet*us*t*air* he iar sgaoil*ed* na mberla, ar ba he an dara comairlid sechtmogat roboi ag 2500] deanam an tuir no aga cumdach, *et* is aca aonur doruar*aid* an berla [dorad Die](G502003/app002.html) do Ad*am*, conid de sin dogarar in berla nEbraidi .i. berla nEb*er*doigi innsin: no Abraim .i. siol Aprahaim .i. berla nEb*raide* dono. Ier dtieachtain tra dona deisgioblaibh co Fenius on foghl*ai*m 2505] i. ier dtaispenadh i gcuarta .i. a n-imtheachta & a ngresa .i. a bfoglama, is and conaitciotar cusin saoi .i. go Fenius berla na beth ag nech aile do theip*iu* doibh as na hilperl*aib*, acht com*ad* acc*a* a n-aonar nobeith, conid airesin ari*cht* doiph in berla tob*aid*i cona f*or*tor*m**acht*aiph .i. berla Feine 2510] cona fortorm*acht*aiph & iarmberla *et* berla n-etarsgarta iter na fedhaiph airedhaibh amal doruirmisim isin Duil Fedha Mair, id est, nomen lipri, & berla na bfiled asa n-aigill*it* cach diph a cheile & in gnathberla fogní do chach iter fira & mhna. Gaid*el* mac Eitheoir meic Taoi meic 2515] Barachai*n* do Gregaib Sgeithia in dara sai roboi ag coimetacht --- p.179 {YBL folio 221a36} {Eg folio 64 2a17} Feniusa, conid uad rohainmniged Gaedelc .i. elg .i. oirrderc indsin .i. G*aedel* ros-oirdercaigh. Gaoidel Glas mac Agnoin meic Gluinfind meic Laimfind *int en* brathair athar do Fenius & ba saoi sidien do*no* cidh edh e. Is edh 2520] sidhe dono dorothluigestar in berla so go Gaoidel mac Ethiuir & c*onadh* Gaoidelc o Gaidel mac Ethiuir & Gaid*elc* o Gaoidel mac Aingin no go madh o Gaoidel Glas mac Niuil meic Feniusa Farrsaidh rohainmniged Gaidel. Is he sin a fhir. Berla F*eine* tra arricht so sound, *et* iarmberla, 2525] & berla n-etarsgarta iter *na* fedhaib airedhaib ind ogaim, & berla na bfiled in cethram*ad*, & in gnathperla fogni do chach in cuicced. Fenius Farsaidh tra mac Eog*ain* *et* Ier mac Nema et Gaoidel mac Eithiuir na tri saidhi doreibsit in berla-sa ocon lug tsainredach dien*a*d ainm 2530] *Euateno siicuitas* ari*acht prius*. Caitet anmanda in da cenel sechtmogat o rafoghl*uin*ti na hilberla? Ni ansa: Ut sunt hic: Beith*in*, Sgeithi*n*, Sgouit, Germain, Gaill, Point, Paimp*il*, Moiet, Morann, Luigdin oic, Ircair, Sgill, Siccir, Ciclait, {YBL folio 221b1} Coirsic, Creit, Sard*ain*, Sig*il*, Reit, Reicir, Roait, 2535] Romain mas, Masg*us*a, Mair, Maicidoin, Morcain nair, náir mais, Narmaint, Nombith brais, Britain, Boit mais, Magoig, Armaint, am*uis* gairg, Galus, Actai*n*, Acai*n*, Tesail airt, All*ain*, Alp*ain*, Ircair og, Etail, Espain, Guit, Goith, grin*n*e sair, Affrainc, Freisin, Longbaird, Laidich, Laicdemo*in*, 2540] Eisil, Tragianda, Traig, Dardain, Dalmait, Daic, Eithiop, Egiptda, Indecda, Braghmaint. Perla sain tra cech cinel dip so, fer tra cech perla dhiph sin, iss *ed* rofoghlad and. Pa he lion na sgoile, *et* na tri saidhe, rofaid*ed* o Fenius cech fer diph fria berla. Ni cech comchin*iuil* dono dochuaid 2545] and dochum a criche don foghl*aim* acht is commberlaig, amal rogabh Cai Cainbr*eth*ach, dalta Feniusa Farsaidh, in dara deisgipul sechtmogat na sgoile, pa do Eaphr*ad*aiph a bunad *et* pa go hEcipta rofaided, fobith pa hand patar a tuisdigi & pa hand ron-alt & tuargpad asa aididh, conid aire 2550] --- p.180 {YBL folio 221b15} *sin* asp*er* i gcurp lipair: Is cech comberla dochuaid dochum a criche & ni cech comchineoil. Secht mbliadna robatar na deisgipuil forsin gcuairt sin, & teora bliadna doiph ag taispenadh a ngresa a bos iar dtiacht comdar a *deich* samlaidh, conid desin asbertsim tsis i curp lipair: i 2555] cind *deich* mbliadan iar sgailed doiph on tour for gach leth doreibed an berla-sa doib. Poi tra cuicc*er* ar fichit pa huaislem don sgoil *dono* *et* it e tra an anmanda-sidhe[16](javascript:footNote('G502003/note016.html')) fordotait fedha & taobomna ind ogaim, ut est: Bobel, Loth, Forand, Saliath, Nabgad*on*, 2560] Hiruath, D*abhi*d, Tailimon, Cainaen, Calebh, Moreth, Gadmer, nGomer, Stru, Ruben, Acap, Ose, Uriath, Etroichius, Iumelcus, Esu, Iaichim, Ordinos, Iudonius, Afrim. Is iet sin anmanda in cuicc*ir* ar fichit pa huaisli poi a sgoil Feniusa. Na coig fedha airedha ind ogaim 2565] dano, is on coig*iur* pa huaislé diph rohainmnig*ter* iet *a o u e i* (secundum aili tri in trop). Atberat araile it secht fedha *airegda* filit and, is on moirseiser pa huais*li* & ba haredha diph rohainmnig*ed*. It e na da fidh dofoirin*d*et frisna cuig tuas {illu180.1}. *[ea oi]*. Itberat 2570] araile da*n*o is i ind aipgitir ari*cht* isinn Aisia, & ic Tochar Inbir Moir aranic Aimergin Gluingeal mac Miled an bethi-luis-nin an *ogaim*. ‘Cie litir, cie nin, cie son Ina forbaigt*her* foc*ul*?’ i. dinin disail no forsail, ‘Ar is son ger fogapar O nach fuach tre'n tin*n*sganar’ 2575] .i. airnin no ngetal gilcach .i. ngetal. Cest, caiti iet airme tur Nemruaid? A hocht. Da comairl*id* lxx, da deisgip*ul* lxx, da cenel lxx na daine, da berla lxx ina sgoil, da thuaith lxx lasa mbatar na berlada *et* na cenela. Da tsaor lxx frie gnim. Da aigdi ar 2580] lxx, iter aol is bí is bitamain & talmain & tath*luib* ina --- p.181 {YBL folio 221b42} coimhecar. Da cheim lxx ina lethet amal *at*ber hic: Airem cinntech an tuir so:— > 1. Airim an tuir togaidi > > Neamruaid, pa din do daoiniph, > > 2585] Cethri ceimend sechtmogat, > > Cet ceimend ar *coig* milib. > 2. Da comairl*id* sechtmogat > > Tugsad cuigi fri sluaig*ed*; > > Da berla for sechtmogait > > 2590] Rothidhnaic Die dia mbuaidred. > 3. Da chin*el* for sechtmogait > > Dona daoinib frie dograind, > > Da deisgipul sechtmogat > > Fedo*id* **Feinius** fria foglaim. > > 2595] > 4. Da tuaith tsaora sechtmogat > > Forofoglait fir thalm*an*; > > Da prim tsaora sechtmogat > > Frie hel*ad*ain na n-adpar. > 5. Da aigdi for sechtmogait > > 2600] Na adhp*ar* comadh gnathach, > > Iter ael is bitamain > > Is talm*ain* *ocus* tathlaiph. > 6. Secht cubait dec deimnighti > > Ag nim suas fri gaoith ngair*ig*; > > 2605] Is da ceim for sechtmogait > > Ina lethet frie haiream.Air*im*. > {YBL folio 222a1} Adberait aroile immorro is naoi n-adh*pair* nama batar isin tour .i. cre & uisgi, ola & fuil, ros *et* aol, seuchim, 2610] lin, bitamain de quipus dicitur:— > 1. Cre, uisgi, olam *is* fouil, > > Ros, i*s* aol, is incuir lan, > > Tuis, mirr, biodamain co mbuaid, > > Naoi n-adhpair in tuir Nemruaidh. > > 2615] > --- p.182 {YBL folio 222a5} {Eg folio 65 1a10} Caiti log & aimser *et* persa & tugait (sgribind) ind Uraicepto? Ni ansa. Haonlog eim is coir dona ceithrib leapraip sin, amal isber in file: In os toisechu is *edh* is deighencu; in os dethencu is ed is toisichu. In us toisich*u* a gcurp lipair is edh is deighencu ariecht .i. leapar Cinnfaolidh 2620] meic Oilella. Log & aimsir & persa *et* tuccait sgriphind an lipair-si. Loc do ceudus: Doire Luruain, & aimsir di aimsir Domnaill meic Aodha meic Ainmerech. Persa do Cendfaolaidh mac Ailella. A tuccait sgribin*d* a inchin*d* 2625] *dermait* do bein a cind Cin*d*faolad i gcath Muighe Rath. Ceithri buadha di*diu* in chatha sin .i. maidm for Congall ina gaoe rie nDomnall ina firin*d*e; *et* Suiphne Geilt do dol for gealtacht ar médh do laidhiph doroine; & in fer d'feraiph Alpan do phr*eith* ind fir d'feraiph Erenn 2630] ina chois leis gan airiugud .i. Duip Die ainm ind *fh*ir thall dono; *et* a inchind dermaid do b*hreith* a cind Cinnfaoladh ar a mhed do filidecht & do bhreathemn*us* & do leighend dolea*saig*. Caiti log & aimser *et* persa & tugait sgribind ind 2635] Airraicepto? Ni ansa. Log do Emin Macha & a n-aimsir Conchubair meic Nessa arichta. Feirchertne fil*e* dorinne do breith aosa faind for seis. Cendfaolad mac Ailella doathnuaighiuster i nDoire Lurain maille le hurmor na sgreaphtra. Atberat aroile cona b*ad* 2640] aenliphar acht liphair imda & ni hinan*d* log-aimsera doiph. Is e log-aimser an cetliphair iarin c*het*f*aid*si. Log dó Daire Lurain, & aimser Domn*aill* meic Aoda. Persa dó Cendfaolad mac Oilella. A tugait sgribhin*d* & rl. *Atat da erndail forsan aipgitir Laitianta* *(.i. coindealc 2645] annsin,)* .i. guta & consain .i. doaithned da firdegail asin fis foirith*nech* for eibe ind ugtair luaidius in ai ier bfiordliged fothu an gotha uais toghaidhe lasa --- p.183 {YBL folio 222a30} {Eg folio 65 1a43} gcomhfograigit suin. Atat .i. sunt a frithindlid*ech* Laitianto .i. a bunad for lethon: totus a bunad ruidlista 2650] .i. derp*ad* andsin .i. frecra do toit na haipgitre dobeirsim sund. Ar atait tri hernaile for bunad .i. bunad ier fogar nama, & bunad iar gceill nama, & bunad iar gceill & fogar: ie*r* bfogar amal ata modao a nomine quod est modus: iar 2655] gceill prius, id est, ab uno a bunad: iar gceill & fogar, ut est, quartus a quatuor, uel tercius a teirsio. Bunad ier gcosmailius foghair nama totus don focul is atat, ar is ainm totus, & briathar atat. Coic rand indsgi ind focail is atat, ar atat ocht randa indsgi and, id est: Nomen .i. 2660] ainm. Pronomen .i. ni ar son anma .i. me, tu. Uerbom, atuerbium. Participium .i. ni cruthaigther a hainm & a breithir, Coniungcio .i. ni cenglus na foc*lu* re cheile. Prepos*it*io .i. ni geinter a breithir & ciell preithri aici & cena beith 'na pre*th*air. Inteiriectio ni asa dtuigther toil 2665] na hinntindi & gan a peth 'na foc*ul* .i. ac, ua, u. It e a n-anmanda laisin Laitneoir .i. ainm, pronomen, briathar & dobriathar, randgap*al* & comacomal, remsuidigud *et* interecht lasin nGaidel chena. Is deimin am is briathar in focul is atat .i. sunt; & masa briathar ca ball do breithir? 2670] ar atat a tri a n-uathad & a tri a n-ilar and. Sum .i. ataim, es .i. ata tu, est .i. ata se, a tri a n-uathad. Sumus .i. atamait, estis .i. atathai, sunt .i. atait siat, a tri a n-ilar. Ceudpersa uathaid sum, persa tan*ais*e uathaid eis, tre persa uathaid est. Ceudpersa ilair sumus, persa 2675] tanusa ilair estis, {YBL folio 222b1} tre persa ilair sunt. A indi dano .i. atat da ai a n-ait .i. ai guta & ai cons*ain*i. Ata ai a n-ait .i. ata dlig*ed* a n-ait ind ollaman. No atat .i. ata ai uait ar in deisgipul frisin maigistir. A inde beus ataat a tuided, doaithnet, doaidbed, doiagod, 2680] A airpert .i. atat a n-aigne .i. na guta & na consaine: --- p.184 {YBL folio 222b5} {Eg folio 65 1b28} dotuidhet uait a lipriph *uaid a litrib* .i. tin*n*taidhid asinn aignedh sin i litriph: doaithnet asna litriph sin i bfoclaiph: dotiagat asna foclaib sin a sretha rosga & fasaigh & airchetail on fil*idecht* .i. ros eolus & sgoth indsgi 2685] .i. indsge eol*ais*: doaitbet .i. doaisbenad d'eochtaiph .i. a ciall & a caireachtaire .i. fuatha na litr*ech*: no go mad totus a bunad Laitne in foc*ail* is atat ud docent ali. Da erndail .i. da duer deil .i. eur ua*sal* & deil degail .i. da degail uaisle indsin. Is cotearsna dono anisin arin bfail a 2690] mbith da degail uaisle bit vii randa and. Ni cotarsna dono, ar atat a secht indip iar sonaib cen co beith iar gceill. Da erndail .i. da dul ferrda no da ard dul .i. da dul arda no *da* eur dul .i. da uas*al* dul. Da ernduil .i. da .i. da fir-indeall nou da firnaill no da firdul no da erdeghail no 2695] erdail no da eurdual .i. lanfogur & defogur & consanacht .i. an *u* & an *í* it e da dual na ngutha no da orra dul no da orra dul no da orra degail no da orra dail. Is iat sin tri *or* & tri *er* & tri *ir* ind Uraiciopta. Caidiet da dual & tri duail & *ceithre duail &* v duail & vi an Uraicepto? 2700] Ni ansa. Lanfog*ar* & defog*ar* da dual na nguta, leth-guta & muiti *et* tinfedh, tri duail na con*sain*e; intan is cethair immorro, da dhual na nguta & da dual n*a* gconsaini; & intan is a cuig, da dual na nguta & tri duail na gconsaini; & intan is a se .i. tri duail na consaini 2705] & tri duail na nguta .i. lánfog*ar* & defoghar & cons*on*acht .i. in *i* & in *u*: lethguta & muiti & tinf*ed*, tri duail na gcons*ain*i. Da dual na consaini, lethguta & muiti; ar is muiti hua. Forsin aipcitir .i. ondi is aipcitorium .i. tin*ds*getal: no 2710] epe actor no ebe ughd*air*: no ebe ioc duar no ic tur .i. rohic*ad* ic an tor: no aipcitir ondi .i. iss i aipcidhius a mbeusgna do chach: no aipcit*ir* ondi is *aperieis*, ar is hi --- p.185 {YBL folio 222b32} {Eg folio 65 2a14} sgailius a mbesgna do chach: no aipgitir ondí is aipex a Greig *.i. cindedh no tosach aipcitre a Gaidilc, incipit a 2715] Laitin, apex a Greic*, apexe de deubam a hEpra, no aipgitir ab agitorio, ut dixit quasi *a, b, c, d*, & reliqua & ais e sin a main in duol coir, ar is lor do taithmech gacha focail a b*hreith* co punad Laitne. Aipgitir est copula con uel literaram per se .i. ata ind aipgitir ina coimtinol no comcengal 2720] litrioch cona comfielus archena, no dano aipgitir a Gaid*il*c, a b*hreith* co punad Laitne. Aipgitir est copula con uel incipe a Laitin, apexa a Greig, apexade depham a hEeapra, & rl. Laitin o Laitin mac Puin meic Picc meic Sadairn dictus est. Latinatass, Laitianda uada-side: no Laitin a latitudine dicta est, ar is leithe i quam 2725] cech mbesgna cenmotha Gaid*il*c ar is[17](javascript:footNote('G502003/note017.html')) ier dtogail Troe ropoi Laitin, & is fada roime sin rofoghlait na berla*da* & ropui Latinatas o tsin ale. No Laitinnda luaided inde na foc*al*. Edon .i. ed aon a eirnedh .i. edh dliged, & eirnedh .i. fuasgladh no dliged bis aenar 2730] ag fuasgladh: no edh ain a aineol*ais*: no edh ind so on .i. is edh son a bfuil remaind: no edhon .i. edh dlig*ed* & don tidloc*ad* no [18](javascript:footNote('G502003/note018.html')) tidnoc*ul* .i. tidnoc*ul* dligth*ech* dobeir se do*n* foc*ul* da cheile. Guta .i. guth fhotha .i. fotha gotha iad-sidhen no 2735] guth faiti iersinni faoidit triotha: no guth sed .i. sed in gotha: no guth fed iersinní fédaid guth ind aonar. Ut Prisianus dixit: Litera quaisi leigiteria eo quod iter leginti prebed .i. ita in litir amal in*n*tech in leigi*nd* iersinni faoires séd an leighind: no guth-eth*ai*t iersinni fedaid guth 2740] treotha a n-aonar, amal ata *a* ard, & *í* inis, & *o* cluas, & *o* f*or*cend: no guth ait .i. dogniat guth a n-ait, ut Donatus dixit: Uocaileis dicuntur quae per se {YBL folio 223a1} quidim proferuntur et per se sillabam faciunt .i. atat na guth*aig*i doturgbat treotha fein & dogniat sillaoba a n-aonar, ut Prisianus dixit: 2745] --- p.186 {YBL folio 223a3} {Eg folio 65 2a49} Uocaleis dicuntaur que per se voces eficiuntur .i. is ed is uocales and lit*ri* dogni guth tretho fein, uel sine quibus vox literailis profeirri non potest .i. litir na fetar guth do denam 'na hecm*ais*. Cons*oin* onni is consanantes comfograightech .i. iarsinni fograided la guth*a*gaibh do greas. No consoin .i. 2750] cuma suoin no caoin suin no caom tsoin .i. soin caoma ar is caimiti a n-irlapra fogar na consaine maille fri guth*a*gaiph inti: no consain .i. coma tsuin .i. suin cumaidhi .i. caomsuin .i. t*aini*c *a* fogar a n-aonur: no .i. comason .i. foc*ul* *et* *siomol* fri guth*aig*i dogniats*u*m foc*ul*. Cid 2755] ar a n-eipertsium guta & consaine, uair guth*aig*i uathaid & consaini iolair? Ni ansa. Guta & consaine is maith and. Cid ar a n-epert guta .i. guth fotha no guth fouiti? uair ni fotha in guth do fein, & ni faoidh*end* guth trid fein. Cid ar a nd-eupert cons*ain* comfograigtech? uair ni comfograig*end* 2760] in consain fria fein na frie guth*aig*i. Cid ar a nd-epert guta .i. guth séd? uor ni sédh disi hi puddein. Caiti ruidlius & dilius, coitcend & in*d*lius in foc*ail* is guta? Ni ansa. Ruidles di guth fet, uair fedhaig guth a aonar. Diles di guth fuiti, uair nos-fuidhend fein. 2765] Coitcend di guth fotha, uair is fota cend dona foclaiph. Indles di guth fotha, uair ni fotha is i innti fein. Cid ar a nd-up*ar*t aipgitir .i. eipi ic tuor, ar ní agin tor rotin*d*scointi na haipgitri amal isbeir Feinius. Pa sai sidhe isna tri primberl*aib* cid riesiu tis*ad* atuaid & ni saithe cen aipcit*ri*. 2770] Is a nAisia dono aricht aipgit*ir* ind oghaim amal remebartmar. Cest, caiti in condelg n-etei*cht*a? Ni ansa. In cetna hernail ind Airaicepto. Fors, .i. ferr anfis .i. etargaire comparaitio .i. fors hic tre fortciudh na Gaideilgi .i. conndelg n-edte*cht*a .i. fors ferr fios .i. etechta 2775] indsin, ar ni maith ainbfios. --- p.187 {YBL folio 223a29} Cid doichned, & ced dich*ned* an Air*aicept*a sond? A ceddoich*ned* fern arin focul is fors, no forail arin bfocul is for. A ceddichned .i. eipi ugdair, oir teibi in foc*ul* fein dono. 2780] Atat dano da erndail forsan mbeithi-luis-nion an og*aim*. Roraidius atad romaind. Dana .i. da n-ai indsin .i. ai caingen .i. in caingen remaind & an ai i n-ar ndiagh. Da ernail .i. da ier ndail forsin mbeithi-luis-nion an *ogaim* .i. foirithn*ed* in beithi luis .i. bioth ai eolus .i. eolus na hai 2785] isin mbith: no bithi leisna sui*dib* nobith slonnad leis on .i. fedha & taobom*na*, id est, uocales et consonantes, uair doradus da erndail forsan aipgitir Laitianta. Da erndail dano forsan mbeithi-luis-nin an *ogaim* .i. in og uma .i. forsin mbitheolus leiterda ind og*aim* .i. onní is Ogmu .i. 2790] ni*on* og*aim* & nion ton*d*, ar is nin ainm da gach litir amal ispert in file: Mell suide, dar mo nio*n*a Neidhi. Ni fortgeall*ad* {illu187.1} la {illu187.2} {illu187.3} la heigius .i. fil*id*. *Ailiter* fortgell*aid* eiccius tar idha & ailm ceinelo lugha 2795] andsin. Idhedh is he a fidh is moaum toraind dona v primfedhaiph. Ailm didiu c*et*lapra gach pi & iachtad gach mairp. Is sruithe ier*um* in dedi sin. No bethi-luis-ni*n* ainm d' aipgitir ind ogaim, ar is do is ainm aipgit*ri* don ni doinsgain o *a*. Is airi itet beithe sech gach fidh, 2800] ar is and rosgrip*ad* ogum & is hi in roscrip*ad* indi {illu187.4} .i. in beithe rosgrip*ad* do br*eith* rob*aid* do Lug mac Eithl*end* im dala a mna ‘na rug*tha* uad hi a sidhaip'’ .i. vii mbethi a n-aonfleisg do beithi .i. ‘be*r*thar do ben uait fo vii a sith no a bferandaip aile muna {YBL folio 223b1} 2805] coimeta hi.’ Bethi-luis-nion ainm aipgit*ri* an og*aim*, ar is o beithe doinsgain in og*um* .i. in ogh uama, ar is de fuaigther go hog a n-irlapra. No og*um* .i. og uaim a --- p.188 {YBL folio 223b4} {Eg folio 66 1a10} bfocl*aib* cid anogh cugam a litribh. No occ*um* .i. o Ogma mac Ealathan meic Dealphaith, ar is he rainig 2810] litri na Sgot cusna hanmandoiph filet forra aniugh, ut est in Britainia, id est, libro isto nomine uocatur uel in lingua & amal isber in leapar ogaim: Athair ogaim Ogma, mathair Og*aim* lam no sgian *Ogma*. Fedha dano & fid, atat da gne for suidhe .i. 2815] fidh saorda & fid aiccenta: fidh saorda .i. fidh ind ogaim: fid aiccenta .i. fidh na coilled. Fid saorda cetamus: atat da gne do bun*adh* occa. Fiod dano on breithir is fundis .i. fothoigim, uel a nomine fundamentum .i. fotha uel a funo, fog*ra*idim. Feda ier*um* iersinni is fotha foghair isin 2820] Gaidilc in guth*aig*i & is coitcend d'fidh saorda & aigenta in bunad sin .i. fundamentum. A indi im*morro* fidh fo fedh .i. maith a edh ag foghrugud. Ingn*ad* cid fodera na da bunad agin fid saorda & aonbunad icon bfid aiccenta. Ag phfidh saorda .i. *funo* & fundamentum, funo a dualgus 2825] fog*air*, fundamentum a dualgus fotha, & is coitcend doibh araon fotha. A airpe*r*t im*morro* .i. eipert aire .i. (focul) is aith*ean*ta indas fein fair .i. coill no doire forin bfidh intan is fid aigenta: litir im*morro* no guth*aigi* no consain fair intan is fidh saorda: no go mad fotha a 2830] airp*er*t it*er* saorda & aigenta. Coitchend dano a tapa*ir*t frie sloin*d*edh saorda & aiccenta. Indles dono a tap*air*t for losaiph fedha intan is fidh aigenta, ut est int ait*e*n*d* no in fraoch & rl.: no a tapa*ir*t for legtach*ad* no for fonialus intan is fid saorda *et* is techta 2835] in secht sin do iarraidh in gach focul Gaoidelce. Cid fodera comad iar *q* no *g* no *st* do beith nial*sa* for *u* sech gach consoin? Ni ansa. Ar is bl*o*d do *q* quidim *u*, ni hingnad cia mad solma tista di forsin nguth*aigi* iermo. Ata dano do med fog*air* *s* cona rathoigther fogaur *u* ierum, ut Ogricus (?) 2840] dixit: *s* in principio uel ut sillabam sonat. Comacsi dano --- p.189 {YBL folio 223b34} {Eg folio 66 1a45} luicc beime *g* don guth*aig*i iermo no cid do *u* fein no ar a cairdius fri *q*. Fid aiccenta immorro fidh na coiled .i. fo edh a airdi: no fo edh .i. teine i suidhiu ina inne: no fo a edh .i. a fosgadh no (fo) a suth .i. a torad a indi 2845] .i. is e sund a inne .i. fedha fo edh a aei uair atat coic aoi and, ai ailius, & aei canus, & ai shaighi*us*, aoi miodius, aoi suighius, Ai ailius dano in gcein pis fora menmain: ai chan*us* .i. oga gapail: ai saigi*us* .i. og cuincc*ed* a loige: aoi miodius .i. ima med no ima 2850] loiget: ai tsuigius .i. ier n-ioc a loigi. Et taopomna .i. taoph uaim na haoi .i. taob uaim a n-airchet*al*: aoi .i. onní is [aoi](G502003/app003.html) , raidim: no taobomna .i. do thaobaiph na n-oumna mor bit [19](javascript:footNote('G502003/note019.html')): no taob uaimnecha: no taob om*na* 2855] .i. toba dam*na* iarsinni tophar damhna *na fo*cu*l,* eisibh. Cid ar a nd-epairt taob uaim n-ai .i. taop uaim n-airchet*ail*, ar bi ant airchetal a n-ecmh*ais* na dtaophoumna. Cid ar a nd-ep*air*t do taobaiph na n-omna mor (bit), ar ní da taophaib na bfiod bit acht rempa no ina ndiaigh 2860] isna foclaib pit na taopoumna. Toba damhna immorro is he ruidhlius in focail. Frecra do breithir [20](javascript:footNote('G502003/note020.html')) tug intan roraid, [rsquor]atat da ernail forsin mbethi-l*uis*-n*in* an *ogaim*.' 2865] Cuin is aon*da* in beithi-luis-nion? Ni ansa. Uile {YBL folio 224a1} . Cuin is deda? .i. fedha *et* taophomna. Cuin is treda? .i. fedha & forfedha & taopomna. Cuin is cetharda? Ni ansa. Tri haicm*e* na taopomna .i. *b*, *h*, *m*, & na cuig fedha airedha ind og*aim*. Cuin is coicti? .i. 2870] fedha & forfedha & taopomna .i. tri haicmi na dtaopomna: no co mad hed bud coicti and .i. seichimh nGreigda frisinni roraidius {illu189.1} .i. *e* fota & *o* fota. Cuin *is* --- p.190 {YBL folio 224a7} {Eg folio 66 1b28} seda? .i. tri foilcesta in *ogaim* {illu190.1} No comad hed pud seda and seichimh *coicte* in Gaoid*il* 2875] frisna .v. rannaiph ut est {illu190.2} Cuin is seachta? .i. teora fuillti ind Uraicepto .i. {illu190.3} No tri foilcesta in og*aim* frisna se remain*d* .i. {illu190.4} *H* cetus is ed fuillius beth*e* conngaip greim *p*, amal isbeir in Laitneoir: *b* 2880] cum aspiracione ante omnes vocaleis ponitur pro *p* .i. remsamuigth*e*r *b* co dtinfed ar *p* c*oni*d fuill*es* *h*, ar is *p* tinf*ed* a nGaidilc. Dicunt aili co na bi *h* araon re *b* do lucc *p* acht is *b* a aonar bis ar *p*, ut dixit Priscianus: Ambo pro ampo, buxus pro puxus: *b* inntib sin ar *p* & ni 2885] *b* co tinfed amail adberat araile. Forsail is e in fuill*ed* aile .i. dobeir cumang fedha forin son do fot .i. srón. Airnin is e in tres fuill*ed* oile, bfail i recair a les da taobomna, gaibid airnin greim in dara n-ai, ut est cen*n* no gloun*n*, ar ni bi emn*ad* 2890] in ogaim. Is aire gaibius airnin greim in dara taobomna. Teora fuilcesta i*n*n ogaim {illu190.5} .i. in bfail a mbiad coll ria *.u.* is *q* sgript*har* and amal ata {illu190.6} Coll cetus ar coll ndiuit ata. 2895] Cech baile i mbiadh nion re ngort is ngetol sgribt*har* and, ut est {illu190.7} occus {illu190.8} Gort cetus ar gort ndiuit ata. Cech --- p.191 {YBL folio 224a28} {Eg folio 66 2a6} bfaili i mbia sail rie tinne is sdraiph is sgripta and amal ata {illu191.1} Sail cetus ar sail ndiuit ata; ar 2900] is iat sin treidhi is coir do imcisin isinn ogam. Is aire is coir teora foillcesta na for*m*c*est*a *is coir* and. Da ernail dano for cons*ana*ibh lasin Laitn*eoir* .i. da firdegail .i. lethguta & muiti. Ina lethguta cetus .i. *f, l*, *m, n, r, s, x* a ttuisdigi rempa. Cia adupram*ar* gu rab 2905] lethguta *f*, ni fir sin acht is ed o guth & ni hedh o fogur. Na muiti .i. *b, c, d, g, h, k, p, q, t* a dtuistige ina ndeoig de suidhip. Di ernail dano .i. da firdeg*ail* forna cons*an*aiph cumaidhi lasin Laitneoir .i. lasin lethanfoir*ithin* .i. iarsinni foirius in Laitneoir gach red isin Laitin: no 2910] Laitneoir .i. laithreoir .i. iarsinni laithres co treorach: no Laitneoir .i. onní is latinatas: no Laitneoir .i. lit*ir*threor*aid* no legh-treor*aid* no lethan-toir*ni*t. Lethguta .i. lethghotha foc*e*rdad dia fogrugad no luitguth no luaidhit guth no lethguthait no lethguthsédh no lethguthfotha 2915] & ni hiersinni co mad leth gotha go c*er*t nobeith inntib acht nad roichit lanfogur, ut Priscianus dixit: Seime dei seime uiri dicuntur sed *I. non* quia qui de meidiam partim deorum uel uirorum habent sed qui pleni dei uel uiri non sunt .i. cia raiter lethdei no lethfir, ni hiersi*nni* 2920] baitis lethdei no lethfhir acht na tot comhlana, sic na lethguta ni dod comlana .i. amal at*a* a mbaili oile quicuit *in* duas partes dividitur altera pars semis dicet .i. secib ni fog*hail*t*h*er a ndiph randaip rait*er* in dara rand co rab leth {YBL folio 224b1} cin cob cudruma, sic na lethguta ni dot 2925] comlana, ud Donatus uel Priscianus dixit: Seme uocales sunt que per se quidim proferuntur et per se sillabam non faciunt & rla: Atat na leth guta ni hi doturgbat treotha fein *et* ni denait sill*aib* treotha fein. Quiquid asperum dicitur auditus expeillit .i. indarbaid int esticht secip ni raiter 2930] --- p.192 {YBL folio 224b6} {Eg folio 66 2a35} co hacarp. Muiti .i. mi-aiti .i. bec ait a fogair: no a muiti .i. muitid a n-aonur no muiti .i. meto a n-aonar iet: no *muiti .i. moiti* muiti .i. míiti in guth a mbeth maraon re guth*ag*aib: no muiti .i. onni is mutus, amlapar .i. ainm do mnai bailph, & uodhside for [chat](G502003/app004.html) n-amlapar & as- 2935] sidhie forsnahisi & ni ara ni batis amlab*ra* doraith, ar atat a fogur inntib cid ad beca ut Priscianus dixit: Informis mulier dicitur non quia caret forma sed qui*a* male formata est .i. adberat in bansgul dodhelpha & ni he sin ni tsechmallus o deilph acht drochdealph fuirre tantum. 2940] Is amlaidh sin *iarum* na muiti ni tat nemfogair acht ar terci a bfog*air* inntib nama. No muiti .i. mifotha indsin ar thanacht & *ar* etroime a fogair, ut Donatus dixit: Mutae sunt que nec per se proferuntur et per se sillabam non faciunt .i. atat na muiti acht nocha denait int 2945] sillaib treotha fein & nocha turgbat treotha budeisin. Ina lethguta cetumus .i. in cetna mes br*eth*emhnus: no don cetna hamus forsinn aisneis: no don cetna hai for seis: no don cetna hai fis: no co na ba heicc*en* a taithmech it*er* a m*en*ma thaithmig*her* in timarr *o* fil a*c* clusail na muiti ar 2950] is *o* quidem at*a* cechta*r* de. A tuisdige .i. an luchd ota a tuism*ed* .i. na fedha oirechda do suidhiph .i. dona haib adhaip .i. dona caingnibh dligtechaib no for suidhiph no do suidhiph .i. doipsidhe. A tuisdige .i. an lucht o ata a tuisdige .i. tesargain no a tinnsgna .i. na guthaigi. Cid 2955] ar a nd-epertsum a tuistigi ina ndiaig masa tustaigi in tinsgetal, uair ni gnath in tinsgetal fa deoigh. [21](javascript:footNote('G502003/note021.html')) & an dlig*ed* 2960] consanachta fil inntib fa deoigh do chur uad prius. Nir po himairgidi son lasin nGaidel mac Eithiuir ar mad aicc*e*n*ta* --- p.193 {YBL folio 224b30} {Eg folio 66 2b26} doip diplinaiph an guth reimhiph & ina ndiaig. Ar as ed roba himairgi*de* laisium comad in tuisech do airisim lais & an deigenach do chur uadh conid muiti uile bethi-luis-nin 2965] an ogaim acht forfedha nama. Nir po himairgidi son .i. nir ba himaruga son .i. tog*aid*i .i. nir bo heim airec suadh son .i. nir bo himaireachtain suadh son .i. sill*ab* fortormaigh. Cid ar narpo himarcci*de* son lasin nGaoidel .i. lasin ngaoth dul .i. an fer aga raibi in dul gaoth. Ar mad 2970] aigned no ar mad aigenti doip dib lionaiph .i. dona lethgutaiph & dona muitibh .i. remaibh dona lethgutaib *et* ina ndiaigh dona muitibh. At*a* acht lem and chena iss ed ropui eimh airechta suad laisium on comad a ix rosheichustar ina menmain .i. in guth*aige* fil isin lethguta noairi*sed* 2975] lais fo deoigh & an deigenach do cur uadh .i. in deig*enach* fuach do choir ai int suad .i. in tdaopomna do cur ar tus co na m*b*a miait lapartha ata bitheolus literda ind ogaim acht fedha nama. P*er* e*n*istrafen a hainm sin lasin Laitneoir .i. tria deig*en*ach imp*od* amal ata *el, le* nobeith and, & *en* 2980] comad *ne* nobeith and. Cid ar mad ferr laisi*m* a mbeth comdis muiti uile ina mbeth comdis lethguta & muiti amal robatar agin Laitneoir? Ni ansa. Ar seichimh nG*re*g, ar ni filet lethguta leoside, ar robad do G*rei*gaip do Feinius: no dono is ar uaisli uird na nG*re*c no na nguthuigedh 2985] fri suidiugud a n-uord foc*al*, ut dicitur: Oimne uile prius ponitur et oimne bonum postponitur .i. samaigther {YBL folio 225a1} & gach [22](javascript:footNote('G502003/note022.html')) maith fa deoig *et* gach sainemail co forbha ar mad aicc*e*n*ta* .i. ar mad dlig*ed* togaide no madh ai gnith*i* diphlinaiph .i. dona lethgutaib 2990] & dona muitibh. Ciarpo himairccide isna muitibh nir bo hedh isna lethgut*aib*. Roimhe isna lethguth*aigib* 'na ndeoigh .i. isna muitiph nir bo himairgide son *et* nir puo coir son, *et* nir po hecoir son. Ar is ed roba himaircc*id*e lasuidhe comad touisech doairised lais, *et* in deig*en*ach 2995] --- p.194 {YBL folio 225a7} {Eg folio 67 1a19} do chur uadh co na muiti uile beithi-luis-nin an ogaim acht fedha nama; la suidhi .i. lasin suidh .i. la Gaidel mac Eithiuir no comad o Gaoidel Glas mac Niuil meic Feniusa Farsaidh[23](javascript:footNote('G502003/note023.html')) nohainmnig*ther* G*aidelg*: no la suidi .i. laisidhe, co mad a tuis*ech* do airisiodh lais .i. go m*ad* 3000] in*n*di is tuisech .i. guthaigi agin Laitneoir isna lethguth*agaib* noairised lais .i. nobeth fo deoig in*n*tip uile l*ethguth*aigi & go mad isin guthaige nobeth forp*a* na cant*an*a indiph & in deig*enach* do cur uad ar tus .i. muiti conach muiti uile .i. co nach a ngne muiti uile. Ata bitheolus literda an 3005] og*uim* *acht* fedha nama .i. a tinsgetal uadaibh fen & a forpa i nguth*ag*aiph. Cinnus is fir sin, ar ni a nguth*ag*oiph f*or*p*aig*ter uile, ut est *f, s, n*, & reliqua, & is eid*ir* na muiti a tinsget*ul* uadaiph fein & a forpa a nguth*ag*aibh cidh uadhaibh fein [tinsg*an*tar](G502003/app005.html) . Ni a nguth*ag*aiph 3010] forphaighter. Ni insa. Ni thap*air* int ugdar in airemh a fil on guthaigi sis acht amal bid fhe .i. fern, no ne .i. nin, no saoi .i. sail nopedh and, no ni mo ni ar *a* n-ap*ar* muiti risna muit*ib* quam ar a dtinsgetul uadaiph fein & ata do litriph an ogaim sin & ni heicc*en* co mad aisdi 3015] do ierr*aidh* do litrib ind ogaim & do muitibh na Laitne, ar is a nguth*ag*oip forb*aig*ter-side do gres. 'Na nguth*ag*taibh im*morro* forp*aig*ter *f, s, n*: forpaigter immorro litri ind ogaim a nguth*ag*aip, ut est beithi, tinne, & rl.; & a lethguta, ut est luis, fearn & rl. A muitib, ut est uad, quert. 3020] Muiti iat, ar is o muiti tinsganait acht fedha nama; & mad iadside is o guth*ag*aiph tinsganait. Insgi tra cis lir insgi docuisin? Ni ansa. A tri .i. ferindsge banindsge demeindsge lasin nGaid*el*. Masg*al* & feim*in* & nemutur lasin Laitneoir. Cest, caiti deochair? Ni 3025] ansa. Nus-deochrend a tri herlanna innsge, id est hic, hec, hoc; is i, is e, is edh; is e in fer, is i in ben, is edh i*n* nem. Insge tra orasio uel sginnsia a bunad Lait*n*i --- p.195 {YBL folio 225a30} {Eg folio 67 1b9} .i. a indi sgiensia .i. a inde fesa; no indi sin ier cai .i. ier conair: no inniscai .i. cai innis*t*i neich a in*n*e. A 3030] airpert .i. erlapra no rad & rl. Coitcend a thap*air*t for cech innsge it*er* ciallaide no neamciallaide, saorda & aigenta. Dilius a tapairt for gach *n-insce* n-aiccenta iter ferinnsgi & b*aninnsgi*. Ruidlius a tapairt for gach ferinsge aiccenta nama; ar is fer toisech do rad innsge 3035] .i. Adam dixit: Ecce ous de osibus meis et cara de carne mea .i. adcimsus *.i. adcimsi* cnaimh dom cnamhaibh & feoil dom feoil. Indlius a tapairt for innsgi tsaorda. Tra .i. dorae uain .i. dorae innsge cuccaind .i. aisneis iar n-indisin aipcitr*e*: no tra .i. tri .i. na tri hinnsge — fer, 3040] b*an*, d*eme*. Cis lir .i. cia ler; no cia lin .i. se himcomairsnig airme filet lasin nGaid*el*, a tri a n-il*ar*, a tri a n-uath*ad*. It e cetus na tri a n-ilar, cislir, cidne, caidiet.[24](javascript:footNote('G502003/note024.html')) It e dono a tri a n-uathad, cesc, cuin, cid. Docuisin .i. douisim in*n*sge: no docuisin .i. do coi sin .i. 3045] don conair sin; no don coi in*n*isi*n*; no d'fis cuinngid fair, no disgnaigter, no tarrustar. Cia lion atat na hinnsge (sin)? Ni ansa; .i. ni handsa lasin saidh indsin; no ni anond said ag *saei in* son; no ni handsa son .i. ni doiligh. A tri .i. ier n-airem. Atat dano tri hernaile for 3050] nuimir .i. i*n* nuimir anfoirphti amal ata a tri no a cuig ar ni fasand o quoitibh. Nuim*ir* foirpti immorro amal ata a se, ar tairisigh co cóir a gcoit*ibh* .i. aon a tseissed, a do a trien, a tri a leth. Ant aon ierum & na do *et* na tri, a se sin .i. a haon fo se, a do fo tri, a tri fo do, & airemh 3055] foirpti sin, uair airis*id* coir 'na coitibh. Nuimir oullforpthi immorro amal ata {YBL folio 225b1} a dó dec, oir is he i sé déc fas*ai*t estiph .i. a haon a oile dec, a do a seissed, a tri a cethr*aim*e, a cethair a trien, a se a leth, amal rogaph a do dec a haon ierum & na do *et* *na* tri a se sin, a 3060] --- p.196 {YBL folio 225b2} {Eg folio 67 1b40} cethair iar *sin* coni*d* *a* deich samlaidh *et* ina se iarsin conid a se dec samlaidh conid nuimir and-sin is uille ara bunad tria na coitidhecht n-airme .i. trie taithmech a lethae i coitidhe. Is cach coit*i*ti is rannoigi *et* ni gach rannaighe is coitige dano. 3065] Ferin*d*sgi .i. ferrda a n-in*d*sge .i. ferr ina in*d*sge na mna: no firin*d*sge; no firenin*d*sge; no foirindsge iarsinni foirius im dula do luga: no uir innsge id est a uiro: no f*ir* innsge na mna pios indsge ind fir dano. Panindsge .i. bona in*d*sge .i. in*d*sge maith; no bo 3070] in*d*sge *.i. fo indsce* in fir bios in*d*sge na mna; no bannda in*d*sge .i. in*d*sge bannda in*d*sin; no banin*d*sge .i. firin*d*sge .i. banfir in*d*sin. Deimin*d*sge .i. deim*in* in*d*sge; no doeim innsge fuirr*i* o neoch oile; no do ou*m*a in*d*sge .i. in*d*sge do duine, ar 3075] *is* duine raidius; no in deime fil and is on brethir is *demo*, digbaim, ata; ar rodigbait fuirre in dedha remain*n*: no demhoe cech neotar lasin Laitneoir is deime laisin bfil*id* nGaoid*elach*. No deimin*d*sge .i. in*d*sg*e* dembeoaigh*th*i .i. ni hi hindsge sloinnius do phiu. Deimin*d*sge dano .i. 3080] in*d*sge neotur. Masg*ul* .i. mo a sg*el* no a sgoul quam in feim*en*; no *mascul .i. *mas* fer & cul coimet: no mascol mo a fis & a col quam an femen no* onni is *masgol*í*nus*, masca*l*do. Feim*en* .i. foimin .i. fo fir; no femin onni is femur, 3085] sliasat, ar as and is b*en* *si* intan fognaigther die sliasait: no feme G*re*cio, id est uirgo Latina. Der G*re*co, id est, filia Latine. Feimder dono .i. ogh i*ngen*; no onní is fem*inin*us .i. feimenda; no feimder dono: no flesgda: no maothcnesach dicitur onní is femen: feme*n*ina .i. bannda, 3090] no banecusgda, no bangnimach, no bangneithech. Neut*ur* .i. ni fid*ir* cía cinel, uair nach se (no) nach si: no neut*ur* --- p.197 {YBL folio 225b25} {Eg folio 67 2a28} onni is neutrum .i. nemnechtarda, nec masgulionum nec feminionum, nec *h*oc nec illat: no neu*m*tor ni masgal ni feimi*n*. 3095] Cesc, caiti deochair etorra .i. cia hait at*a* etourra .i. it*er* da aoi: no cia hait ita degcorug*ud* etorra .i. it*er* da ai nos-deilighther .i. nos-dedualoigther. A tri herlan*d*a in*d*sge: is e, is i, is ed .i. is he in fer, is i in ben, is ed in neum. 3100] Cesc, .i. cia haisg, onni i*s* sciscor .i. comarcim. A tri herloin*d* .i. a tri firloin*d*: no a tri erlain*d*: no a tri remhsloin*d*. Cuin is urlan*d*, cuin is in*d*sge, cuin is etargairi? Is he *isi, issedh: indsci emh intan itberor* nama g*an* araill imaille fris. Url*ond* eim ant*an* dobeire 3105] fria araill, ut est is he in feur. Etargaire dono it*er* feim*en* *et* masgul & neutur: no is etargaire dono intan dechr*aig*i fria nech aile co n-anm*aim* a athar sainrud, ut dixit mac Lonain: > 1. Uin*n*si cugut in gillc*u*can, > > 3110] Mac rergocc*ain*, > > Pid gach maith ara cion*n*ccocc*an*, > > A chendgocc*ain*. > Urlan*d* ria n-urlan*d* & urlan*d* iar n-urlan*d* & urlan*d* inand it*er* da urland nach it inan*d*a. Urland rie n-urlan*d* 3115] quidem, iní rie se, no rie sí, no re séudh. Erlan*d* ier n-urlan*d* .i. in se, no in si, no in sedh. Urland inand it*er* da urlaind nach it inanda .i. in s*e* inan*d* fil in gach focul, ni herlond is achd reimtsuidugud; no is fri se no fri sedh. Tri herlonda in*d*sge .i. tri remsloin*d* .i. tri 3120] sloinnti rempa riasna hin*d*sgibh .i. is se, is si, is edh; achd at urlun*da*, it in*d*sgi, it etargaire .i. it remtsloinnti dona foclaip ina ndeg*aid* & in*d*sge feim*in* masg*al* & neuot*u*r tig ina ndeoigh eitirdeiligt*h*i treotha. Ata dono dedha in gach in*d*sge .i. aiccenta & ealadha. Feirin*d*sge 3125] aigenta, is he in fer; feirin*d*sge tsaorda, is he i*n* nemh: --- p.198 {YBL folio 225b48} {Eg folio 67 2b17} ba*n*in*d*sgi aigenta, is i in ben: bainin*d*sgi tsaorda, is i in cloch. Deimin*d*sgi tsaorda, is ed in cend. Deimindsgi aigenta, is ed i*n* nemh. Aigned caom and & aigned n-eitig {YBL folio 226a1}. Aiccned caom cetumus: is i sron no suil 3130] na mna. Aiccned n-eitigh: is e (no is i) fiacail no bel na mna *et* cail gotha fodera sin *et* ni ni achd nemhgnathugud, amal atat na foc*uil* perla nat-aithgeunam, ni bin*d* lind uair nis-gnathoigim; ar ni bin*d* la nech ni nach gnathoigend. No in deime fil an*d*, is oni is *demo* ita, ar 3135] rodip*ad* fuirre in dedha remain*d*: no deme cech neut*ur* lasin bfilid nGaid*el*ach. Deimhin*d*sge .i. in*d*sge neut*ur* Insge tra sgieinsia a bunud Laitne. Sgothecna a airp*er*t. In inniscoi a hin*n*e .i. coi conair, conair in*d*iste neich: conair .i. gan fher no gan ar. Insge tra intan ismberar 3140] se nama cen araill imalle fris, ut Priscianus dixit: Oracio est ordinacio congruam dixionim profectarum scentenciarum demonstrans .i. ata ind in*d*sge ina hordugud comimairccide na n-epert foillsigius in cheill foirpti. Cesc, cuin imaricc iter ind in*d*sge .i. an foghar *et* in duil dia n-in*d*isin .i. an diail, 3145] *et* is he sin an red fomamoighti .i. com*air*cim. Cuin is eimh irrochtain suad it*er* in indsge agus in duil dia n-in*d*isi? Ni ansa. Antan fedhair a hin*d*sge coir fuirre .i. ni himaircc*id*e immorro it*ir* etourra intan fedhair in*d*sge for araile .i. ferin*d*sge for banin*d*sge, no banin*d*sge for ferin*d*sge, 3150] no deimindsge for cechtar n-ae. Imaric .i. imaric .i. eim airecht*ain* a n-ai .i. iter in indsge & in duil. Duil .i. diail: fedair .i. athtairgith*er*: no fedhair .i. fiadhair .i. aisn*e*ter indsge coir, ut est:— > 1. Sam*ail* a dealpha, gan cleith, > > 3155] Elpa ingine Fid*aidh*, > > Fri gour grene glaine ar gurt, > > Is fris tsamhl*aim* a caomhcucht. > --- p.199 {YBL folio 226a25}{Eg folio 68 1a5} Ni himaircide .i. ni heim aireachta it*er* i n-ai .i. it*er* in indsge & in duil .i. indisi oile fair achd indisi coir. Fedhair 3160] eim ferindsge for banindsge antan adberar, is he in banmac-sa, ut dicitur:— > 1. Die mad meisi in banmacam, > > Ni cechrain*d* nach fealm*a*ca*n*: > > Fer nat-finntar go gcloinnter, > > 3165] Sl*an*ceill cei*n* dib, a m*uin*t*er*. > Fedhair eim banindsge for ferindsge intan isberar ‘is i in gob*ur*,’ ut dixit:— > 1. Is i in gopa*r* tan is each, > > is he in gabar cid meglech, > > 3170] Is i in corr cid reil nus-reill, > > is he in menntan gid banen. > Fedhair dano deimindsge for ferindsge no four banindsge intan isberar ‘i*ss* *ed* in cend,’ sech is cend fir no mna. Deimhindsge for ferindsge quidem, ut est:— 3175] > 1. Is e in daigh d*e*rgdighe dath > > Fris nach gap*ar* cath no cioth; > > Iss ed cend is caoime cruth > > Fil go mbrath for braoine in bith. > Deimindsge for banindsge, ut dixit:— 3180] > 1. Cend mna roman*d*air mo modh, > > Don-farr*aid* duin, ni deilm ndil; > > Is ed cend is grain*d*e in*d* sin > > Do n*eoch* fil for mui*n* fo nim. > Ferindsge for banindsge, ut dixit Colum Cille fri 3185] hi*n*cc*in* Aodha mic Gaphr*ain*:— > 1. Alain*d* damna marphai*n* bai*n* > > Doching t*ar* airther in lair, > > Mac marph *et* ua aroile, > > Is mairg recfus dia aire > > 3190] > --- p.200 {YBL folio 226a42}{Eg folio 68 1a26} Fedair eimh ferindsge *et* banindsge for demindsge intan isberar, ‘is i an cloch, is he an lia,’ ut est hicc:— > 1. Is e in lia, lith rolas, > > Iar sreth*aib* suadh in s*en*chas; > > Is ed oun*n* iar n-aiccn*ed* ail, > > 3195] Is i an cloch iar saordataid. > 2. Ait a n-abar deime don*n*, > > For foun*n* feim*in* fichtibh clan*d*, > > Ni cheil in f*er* a n-aign*ed* n-oll, > > Iss *ed* *inond* in ingn*e* an*d* > > 3200] > Ata tra amlaid sin {YBL folio 226b1} aign*ed et* saordat*u* in gach inds*ge*, ar atae da modh lapa*rd*a fil and .i. mod aigenta *et* modh saorda. Atat dano ceithri fodla for tsaordat*aid* deichfer raindi, & tugait mbin*d*iusa, & cuimre raid, & iolug*ud* lap*ar*da. Deichfer rain*d*e cetumus amal rogaph, is he an 3205] banmac so .i. don roin*d* oighi fil isinn ingin is ainm: Tuccait mbindiusa amal ata, is i in gobar *et* d'eoch ban is ainm .i. goour, solus isin mBr*et*nus, go dtug an file *b* fris ar tucait mbin*d*iusa: Iolug*ud* laparda amal ata, iss ed in cend, sech is liaiti a n-irlapra: Cuimri raid amal ata, 3210] rusg ime & criath*ar* arba & leastar uisgie, ar rob*ad* eimilt rusg im imb & criathar im arp*ar* & lestur im uisgi do rada. Gabar intan is trie ailm quaisi caper is ed rotruaill*ed* and; gobar tria o*nn* .i. don eoch is nomen son & is Combrec. Rotruaill*ed* goor, cach solus, a suidhe unde dicitur gob*ar* donn 3215] eoch giuol. Cidh nach dath oile bes fair, is in ech die mbe bec do giul an*d* is gobar a nomen, ar is asan dath is airechdam bes an*d* nominatur. Rotuill an fil*e* Gaoid*el*ach *b* fair no an*d*, ar rob aille leo gob*ar* quam goour unndi dicitur gobar nominatur. 3220] Atad dono indsge and ata coitcend iter ferin*d*sce & banindsge, ut est Flan*n* no Cellach no Buodach. Phidh dono --- p.201 {YBL folio 226b17} {Eg folio 68 2a11} in*d*sgi qumusda isin *Gaidilc amal bis an cenel cumassu isin* Laitin, ut est in menntan *et* an truid & in coirr, ut dicitur:— 3225] Is he in minntan cid boinend, cid firend. Mad iar n-aigned coir *immorro* na ndula ni hainm ferindsge na banindsge achd do neoch dofuisim .i. fer, & o dtuismer .i. beun & ba deime chena aiccn*ed* na ndul uili archena. 3230] Atat dano da ernail for tuism*iud* .i. tuism*iud* saorda & tuismiud aigenta. Tuismiud saorda cetomus .i. fer o toalm*ain* & luibi ar is ní don talmain fein an fer, ut est espa in talman muna tuism*ed* clanda & pa deime chena .i. pa sloin*d* ne*u*t*ur* int uile aicc*enta* ar chena, ut est Pompeus 3235] dixit: Omnium rerum uocabaloum aut corparailium *aut incorporalium* sexu naturaliter carencium per arteim Graciam e*s*se asgribimus, hoc est ne utrum .i.e. nec masgolinum nec feimininum, ut est (?) h*a*ec iusticia, h*a*ec ueritas. Consinsius dicit: Quiquit per naturam sexsus non assingnat 3240] neutrum habere oportet set ars qui uoluit gignere seu liquenda seu dicenda asgribsit .i. iar saordat*aid*. Cid inní is aiccenta raiter suond? Ni ansa. Foillsiugisgtair go n-apair: Natura quae motatur per tempera nec uairitatur nec separabitur et natura non est quiquid motatur et non sdaire 3245] uidetur et quaecumque extrinsecus accidundur sed quae constant in sé, ud sdabilitas in terra, gurbitas in lapedebus, umeditas in aqua, claritas in aere, calar in ingne. Doepenar dano deimindsge a ferindsge no a banindsge. Doeipenar dono ferindsge & banindsge a deimindsge amal 3250] ata isnahaib reimendouiph & it iat sin na deime teibidi & na lanomna deime & a ngeine-sidhe. It e an*d*so deismerachta in deime teiphighe isnahaibh reim*endaibh* .i. cend & cride ful*aing* a deime deiph*id*e a ndetbir dip*linaib*. --- p.202 {YBL folio 226b43} {Eg folio 68 2a41} Lanamna in cind suil & fiecail: lanamna an cride sreban*d* 3255] & cru: lanamna in ful*aing* lurcca & troig: geine dono ina lanamna deime: gene na sul .i. abrachtur & malo; g*ene* na fiec*al* bun & leithe: g*eine* int *s*rephain*d* tanoigecht & dath .i. baine *et* glaisi: geine in cride tigi & dath beos .i. r*uade* & deirge {YBL folio 227a1}. 3260] Secht n-etargairi tra docuisnet .i. disgnaigter .i. *in* grad conne*i*lg lasin Laitneoir, etargaire a ainm lasin pfilid. Etargairi incuisg i persoin*d*. Etargaire incuisg persain*d*e. Etargairi persain*d*e a ngnimh. Etargaire persain*d*e i gceuss*ad* .i. caisa*cht* antan is maith, ci*acht* intan 3265] is oulc. Etargaire derrsgaigti a nderrsgugud .i. poisit, comparait, & superlait laisin Laitneoir. Fothugud *et* fourran *et* fourmoulad lasin bfilid. Maith *et* ferr *et* ferrsoun, lasin nGaidel. Etargairi meiti a meudugud .i. mor *et* moo *et* moosoun. Etargoire lugaidhe a lugugud .i. pec *et* luga 3270] *et* lugasoun. Etargoire incoisg persain*d*e .i. me budein, tu budein[25](javascript:footNote('G502003/note025.html')) se budein, sib budein, sin*d*e budeisin, siphsi badeisin, siadsum padeisin. Sechta .i. seiptim a bunad Laitne. Secht n-ai a in*d*e no sech*t*ai, i*s* soigti dia mbe a n-eolus, i*s* saigti dia mbe a n-aineolus. 3275] Et*argaire* .i. isin etechtu ita .i. isin sechtm*ad* ernail in Uraicioptou: no isin sechta ita in conn*d*elc .i. in caindeiliugud, ut est: Pars pro toto et totom pro pairte .i. in ran*d* tar eis na toiti *et* in toit tar eis na rainde. Etargaire .i. eitercoraigti .i. eiterdeiffrigti: no et*argaire* 3280] .i. eiterdeiligti a treidiph: no et*argaire* .i. gair guth .i. etergnoug*ud* in gotha andsin: no etergleithi .i. gleas et*arr*o: no et*argaire* .i. ed*ar*gleodh iar ngleodh a fesa etorra: in gradh onni is gradus .i. ceim. Coin*d*elg .i. caindeiligti: no comdheiligte ar in gcoin*d*eilg uile, ut 3285] est: Pars pro toto et totum pro parte. Cid ar nach treide lasin Laitneoir in coindeilg amal is tr*ed*i lasin phfilid in --- p.203 {YBL folio 227a24} {Eg folio 68 1b27} etargoire? Is treidi eim lasin bfilid .i. mét *et* in*d*e & incosg; *et* adbeurait aroile fouirend and nach bfil acht deidhe nama agan Laitneoir .i. in*d*e *et* met et bonus et 3290] malus, is i in inde. *Is edh a inde immorro lasin nGaidel .i. maith & olc* Magnus et paruus, is i an mét .i. mour *et* bec .i. is mor lais-*s*ium in bec i gcon*d*eilg neich is lugha. Incousg immorro icon pfilid ni conn*d*elg side lasin Laitneoir acht pronomen & dopriathar. Cid fodera doss*um* 3295] a radh a ngrad conndeilge lasin Laitneoir, is etargaire a ainm lasin bfilid? Ar ni filit acht tri graid conn*d*eilge agin Laitneoir, & atat secht n-etargaire icon pfilid. Ni da cudruo*mugud* eim dosum ani adbersiom *sin* acht is fior a mbeith amlaidh. *Is ed* *sin* ata etargoire lasin 3300] filid is conn*d*elg lasin Laitneoir .i. et*argaire* derrsgaighti a nderrsgugud, ar ni gach etargaire is grad conn*d*eilgi acht etargaire derrsgoigti a nderrsgugud. Is ca*ch* grad conn*d*eilge is eutargaire, no ar ni leithe conndelg oldas eutargaire. 3305] File .i. fel sai no fial sai: no fil*e* onni is filososubus .i. fe feallsoum, ar dlegar don filid feallsamhn*acht* aigi: no file .i. fi ani aorus, & li anni molus: no file .i. *it* fele ai, ar dl*eg*ar de ar is *ed* nodus-saora, feile dano in*d*racus nos-ditne an file & r la: no file a flectendis carminibus: no file .i. fel sai, 3310] sai fhoglama, amal ata felmac: no file .i. fi a oumna & li a da*n*u fair: no file .i. fial do aei: no file .i. fi oulc & li maith .i. moulad & aorad. Cubhaidh cia fhasus deisidhe ainm in fhilid dia fhognat. Cid ar mad conelcc las-si*um* in poisit, uair nocha 3315] derrsgugud do ní? Ni ansa. Ar o is i is foutha & ata derrsgugud dhi, ut dicitur airim frie hunair, {YBL folio 227b1} ut est: Unus non est numerus set fundamentum numeri .i. nocha nfuil int aonni conid airim acht ata conid fotha airme; & --- p.204 {YBL folio 227b3} {Eg folio 68 2b15} amal ata deach icon bfilidh .i. dialt, ni deach side(n) fodheisin 3320] cid la deachaiph atrimther. Et tria tsaordat*ait* in*d* sin .i. int alt aigenta immorro do posit: posit a positus .i. suidhiugte. Cid ar mad ainm compariti doberitsim arin gcoin*d*eilcc uile? Ni ansa. Posit c*etum*us: ni dersgaig do ni. Comparit immorro seoch derrsgaig*id* do neoch & 3325] derrsgaigt*her* di. S*upe*rlait immorro ni derrsgaigt*her* di conid airisin is ainm foriata in conn*d*elg uile. Atberat araile foirend connach dersgaight*her* do comparit acht do posit derrsgaigit araon .i. comparit *et* superlait. Bec brab-beirius comparit, mor brab-beirius superlait. 3330] Caiti conn*d*elg cheille cen soun? bonus, melior, optimus. Coin*d*elg suoin cen cheill, ut est: Uirgilus, Uirglior, Uirglisiumus no-rad f*ri*e sin arai tsouin & ni bfuil connelg arai cheille and, ar ni conn*d*elgter anma*nd*a dilsi do gres, acht is cruthugud frie fousgadh an*d*sin. Coin*d*elg souin 3335] gan cheill bonus, bonior, bonimus nobiad sin iar sou*n* *et* ni bfuil iar gceill. Coin*d*elg suin & ceilli imalle, amal ata fortis, fortior, fortissimus, & is hi sin in connelg techta. Coindealg tsoin & ceille imalle .i. magnus, magior, maximus & rlo. Pid da*no* maith & ni bi derrsgugud di, ut bounus 3340] Deus, [fó Die](G502003/app006.html) . Bid dano conealg an*d et* ni dia hin*n*e fein dersgaigius, ut est: Mairie Pounticum duilsius est quam setera mairia .i. is somillsi an muir Ponteca oldat na maire oile olchena; & ni hiarsani badis somillsi acht is luga a serbiu. Conndelg cotursna an*d*sin 3345] do*n* indsi do*no*. Etargaire inchouisg i persain*d*e c*etum*us .i. uin*d*si uin*d*sie oun*d*ar: uin*d*se *no sonnse* .i. uainse no son*n*se: uin*n*si .i. uainsi no suin*n*si: on*d*ar .i. ander .i. aun*d* a fir isin nem, id est Deus. Uin*d*sie .i. an fer: 3350] uin*d*si an ben: oun*d*aur .i. in dem. --- p.205 {YBL folio 227b31} {Eg folio 69 1a5} Etargaire incouisg persain*d*e .i. me budein, tu budein, se budein & rlo, amal adubramar romhain*d*. Etargaire persain*d*e a ngnimh: dorignes, dorignis, dorigne; dorigensum dorighensat, dorigheunsait. Etargaire persain*d*e i ceussad 3355] .i. a foditen dia n-echtair .i. nom-cartar-sa, not-carthar-si, carthar-sim; non-cartar-ne, nobar-carthar-si, carthar-sim. Etargoire deurrsgaighti a ndersgugud .i. fouthugud in cetna graidh .i. poisit: forr*an* .i. forrain fair in gradh tanaisi .i. comparit: fourmoulad .i. formfuilled fair in treas gradh 3360] .i. formoulad .i. molad for molad reimhtecht*ach* .i. brabh for in mbrabh toisiuch .i. superlait *i* maith *et* ferr *et* feurrsoun laisin nGaoid*el* coithcend i bfecm*ais* in fil*ed* Fouthugud, immorro, & forr*an*, & fourmolad lasidhe. Etargaire meide a meudugud .i. mour & mouo & moosoun: & 3365] etargaire lugaiti a lugugadh .i. bec & lugha & lughasoun. Atberait araile ni bfuilit acht cuig etargoire and, ar is aon-etargaire leo na tri hernaile deigh*encha* .i. edargoire mé*t*e & lug*aid*e occus eutargaire dersgaigti a nderrsgugud. Cie adberadsim eutargaire mete a metugud & eutargaire 3370] lugaite a lugugad is ionan*d* {YBL folio 228a1} *et* etargaire dersgaigti a ndersgugud[26](javascript:footNote('G502003/note026.html')), ar is derrsgugud in meud *et* in laighet fil inntip beuos. Etargnoug*ud* beurla *et* ni ar cheana, ar roghaphar na da perla lxx. ina fecmais fir don foirind ceacht*ar* *sic*. 3375] Gaid*el*cc .i. guth ealg .i. guth irdercaigti. Elg .i. Eire .i. guth Eir*enn*uch an*d*sin .i. berla is gnath i nEirinn dano. Ní certtuirem na gcinedh ar ni phfilet do reir inn ug*dar*dais. Secht bfeudhu oiredha filet and fo aisti an G*re*gaid .i. ebo *et* oir suas. Itberat araile co mad aonleap*ar* 3380] int Uraicipt uile. Is iat adber sin an lucht-sa anuas dono .i. ua Bruic cona tseitchib. Atbeurat dano in lucht-sa sis is liophair imda .i. hua Coirill & ua Coindi --- p.206 {YBL folio 228a11} {Eg folio 69 1a36} *et* na maithi ar cheana. Do thoit na h-aipgitr*ech* dobeir fr*ec*ra soun*d* *et* ni da hurbernadh .i. is fairre uile liess da 3385] eurndail do beith fuoirre. Da erndail .i. da fir n-aile, uocales et consanantes. Madh fo atharg*ab* beus ni[27](javascript:footNote('G502003/note027.html')) *con* fil isin coipdi, iss ed bid foullus as sin go mbetis and guthaige na turgbadis per se & na tagendais sill*aib* *per se*. Go heiccintech is coir a beith .i. *con*nahi quidim. Atber 3390] ua Bruic is dobr*iath*ar. Adber ou Fin*d* immorro is comaco*mal* & ag fr*ec*ru o da-*n-imorr* o fil ag clusail na nuimre primo frecrus. Atat tri heurnaile for fuirm*ed* fouc*al*. Patronoimic is leithe a fuirm*ed* quam a in*n*de ar ni hebertai do reir a in*d*e acht risin patronomic dogentai a patre 3395] & aderar riu uile cid a patribus uel a matribus beit. Lapis dicitur eo quod leidit peidim is cumga a fuirm*ed* quidim deiside quam a inde. Robad dir deiside lapis do rada fri gach ni [tarraigt*her*](G502003/app007.html) cois. Bonus is comforlethan a fuirmed *et* a inde, ar ni habar 3400] bonus acht bail a mbi cail bonitatis. Laitneoir .i. lethan foir*es* .i. ara leithe fouirius cech ni a nLaitin: no Laitneoir .i. ar feuphus a treor*ach* isin Laitin. Ni lanceurt dochoidh in Gaoid*el* i ssund ac deunam muiti dona taophomnaibh ar in fath sin .i. ar a tos*ach* do airisi*m* occa & an dered 3405] do chur uada, sic est in beithi-luis, ar robdis muiti uile na feudha ar in bfath sin no ceudna. Ar is ed fil doip-side tos*ach* a n-anman*d*o do airisi*m* ag nech do deunam foucail *et* a nderedh do chur uadha, amal ata ailm .i. *a* & on*n* o & araill and dano die ndenait muiti dona taoboumnaiph 3410] agon Gaid*el* i dtossach do airisim aicce. Robtis muiti uile l*itri* na haipgitre Ephraide & Gregda, ar is toiseach a n-anman*d*-side do airis*im* ag nech *et* an deired do chur uad, ut est alebh *.i. *a** agconn Ephraide, alpa *.i. *a* icon* --- p.207 {YBL folio 228a39} {Eg folio 69 1b27} agcon G*re*gda, ailm agcon Gaoidel. Is amlaidh sin atat 3415] na tri haipgitri .i. i dtusach do airisim ag nech & an deredh do cur uad. Is ar seichim G*re*gda immorro & Ebraide bud couir don Gaoid*el* int ord dorinne *et* ni arai comdis muiti iar mbrigh na dtaobomna uile, sic nach dat muiti ag Ephr*ad*aiph & ag G*re*gaip na cons*ain*i 3420] uile cid i dtousach do airis*im* leo. Ma do reir *immorro* na sgrephtra naibe & ughd*air* in leighin*d* is *i* in aipgitir Ephraide is bunad don aipgitir Gregda & Laitianda & don bethe-luis-nion a n-og*aim* cen co n-in*d*isit ugdair in leighind, ut est aleb isinn Eabhra, alpa uadha-side 3425] isin *Greic*, *a* isin Lait*in*, ailm isin G*aoidilc* og*aim*. Inscie tra da*no* inde in foc*ail* is indsge, {YBL folio 228b1} ar is in*d* sgie fil iar gcomtach isinni is a sciensia, an ecna, i n-aendefoghair. Ni ceart dochuaid in Gaid*el* i sund .i. tiachtain dó o aipgitir co hin*d*sge cen taithmech sillaibi 3430] no-eperta rempe, ar is tousacha iat quam in*n*sge. Fem*in* & reliqua .i. foimin .i. mion an ben i n-athfeg*ad* in fir: no fo an bfer bis an ben. Mion foir deisidhe an ben. Deithpir raindi (.i. idir da rain*d* .i. i*ngen* & mac) is he in banmac-sa d'airighti go ttug*ad* as sin co nderna fermac co rannda 3435] de a ndeip*ir* iter in mbanmac & in fermac[28](javascript:footNote('G502003/note028.html')). Is he deismeracht na hetargaire i ssun*d*a iarsin deuda remain*d* .i. irlan*d* & indsge .i. taithmech deidhe and for aird .i. taithmeth masgail & feim*in* do neoch dofuisi*m* *et* o ttuism*i*t*her* .i. a tuism*iud* and o mnai *et* ata tuismiud di 3440] .i. in modh ar a tuism*ed* si budein o neuch oile & dano an modh o dtuismen*d*-si cloin*d* uaithi pudein na t*ri*au & rlo. Iss iarmo *si* tucc erc*h*oil*iud* aiccenta hic. Ar tan*ic* taithmech aigenta reime, quando dixit .i. tuismiud saorda & tiusmiudh aigenta ideo dorad ercoiliud aigenta ar 3445] aird hic. Incusg *et* in*n*de *et* méud is amlaidh so is treidhe in --- p.208 {YBL folio 228b15} {Eg folio 69 2a17} sechta remaind. Ina hetargaire incoisg persain*d*e uile ig gabail fo incousg, oir is incosg fil inntib uile. Et*argaire* derrsgaighti i nderrsgugud ag gapail fo in*d*e it*er* poisit & 3450] comparit & superlait. Etargaire meidi a meudugud & etargaire lugaite i lughugud ig gap*hail* fo mét dip lionaibh. Conid hamlaid sin is treidhe in sechta remhain*d*. Adberat aroile im*morro* is deda dip lionaibh. Is amhlaid so beus ou*n* .i. eut*argair*e dersgaighti a nderrsguccud ic gaphail fo 3455] indi, sicut dixit prius. Etargoire meidi a mheudugud & etargaire lugaite a lugugud ic gapail beos fo meud, is amlaid sin feught*har* so conid deudo. Caiti deochur ider is e & uin*d*si? Ni ansa. Uindsie cetomus: sloin*d*edh persain*d*e saindr*edaig*e indsin .i. uatuaslaictech, 3460] ut dixit: Dicitur uin*d*se uait in fer sain*d*r*edach* cona anmaim, ut dixit poeata:— > 1. Uin*n*si c*u*gat in gillccucc*an* > > M*a*c rerccucc*ain*(.i. Lonain) > > Bith gach maith agat ar a cin*d*gucc*an*(.i. long brab iffin) > > 3465] A ceundgag*ain*(.i. a Chin*d* Geucc*an*). > Sloin*d*ed coit*chend* immorro amal ata se in fer *et* ni feus cia saindredach acht is fer tantum, sic uin*d*sie & si & oun*dar* & *sed*. Cidh fo*dera* in irlan*d* conid in*d*sge & conid edargaire .i. intan is in*d*sge is ag sloin*d*edh indsge a 3480] haonur bioss, *et* itberat araile is e in fer, uair is remtsloin*d*edh i ssuidiu. Is and is etargaire int*an* isbeurar uin*d*se. Sloin*d*ed cenil amal ata etargaire ioncoisg i persain*d* .i. issin persain*d* fein ita a hincousg co n-aithnigt*her* trit 3475] icc slouin*d*ed ceutpersain*d*e, *et* persain*d*e tanuise .i. triena n-ioncosg doip budeine & tre persain*d*e amal atat na hetargaire aile. Cidh ar narbo lor lais-*s*i*um* a n-etargaire incoisg persain*d*e a rad me nama con n-abair me budein? Ni lor eim, uair is deimnigte *et* is deiligte eimh rie cach 3480] --- p.209 {YBL folio 228b41} {Eg folio 69 2b11} persain*d* a rad me budein, ut dicitur an pronomine egomet ipsi. Nam ego feci et non alius cum dicitur egomet .i. is me budein & ni nech aile intan isberar egomit. Quiquid iterator infirmas fiat .i. biaid gurab deimnigthi cach ni athraigther. 3485] Fogaphar dano comparit cen posit amal ata: Dulcis est mare Ponticum quam setera mairia .i. is somillsi an muir Pountiogda oldtait na muire oile ar cheuna & ni hiarsiní batis somillsi acht is lugam a serbi. Coindealg in edtachtau son. Coin*d*ealg n-edteuchta in ceudna hernail {YBL folio 229a1} 3490] ind Airraiceptau .i. fors ferr anfios: etoechta sin ar ni maith ind anbfios. Finis don ceudliophar. ### *[An dara leaphar]* Incipit leaphar Feircheirtne sun*d*o. Log do **Emhain Machuo**: & aimser do aimser **Concap*air* meic Neusa**. Persa do Ferchertne file. *A* tuccait dono do breith 3495] aossa faind for seis. > 1. Duiphithir daol dath a berrda > > Ge raga co ngeog na craunn, > > Caisithir casnaide a chul, > > Glaisithir sul frie bugha mor. > > 3500] > D:: b:. r. d. t. h: br. t. sc: th: tt: br:: n:: rbr t. n. f. c:: b. c. n:: c*us*nt:: rb:. r. t. s:. u::: ds:: n. gl:. cc. c. r:: ch:: mu. rt. Sechtau frise toimsighther Gaidelc .i. fidh & deach, reim *et* f*or*p*aid*, alt & indsge *et* etargoire. Seuctu .i. seiptim 3505] a bunad Laitne: secht n-ai a inde: no sech*t*ui i n-ai. Secht do aiph domiter and .i. secht n-aisti na filidechta --- p.210 {YBL folio 229a15} {Eg folio 69 2b40} & vii mbrousn*ach*a na bairdne: no ai*s* soigti die mbe a n-eolus & rl. A airb*er*t .i. a airiom .i. vii primeillgi na filid*echt*a 3510] .i. vii mbrosnacha na bairdne: no secht ndeichit na filidechta i nd-ecm*ais* dialta, ar ni bfuil in sechta andsin is aire rofagp*ar*. Coitcend *et* dili*us*, ruidli*us* & indlius, connagar don focul i*s* sechta. Coitcend do cach uile airem sechta 3515] frisand-eupr*ad*. Dilius do vii ndiuitip na filidechta. Ruidlius don *cet*air*m* vii frisand-euphradh .i. fri vii laithib na sechtmaine. Indlios a thapairt for airem aile acht four a vii. Tomus, id est mensura, a bunad Laitne .i. tomeus a 3520] in*d*e: no tomess .i. to teunga a airbert & meus aire fein: no cudrumad a airp*er*t .i. meus dognither o theung*aid*. Is fisid an gne no in cinel in tomus. Is ceinel eimh. Cait eat a ngnee? Ni ansa. Tomus filidechta *et* toumus bair*dn*e & tomhus prosta .i. a breith frie seachda cach ae 3525] diph. Caiti ruidhlius & dilius, coit*chend* *et* indlius i tomus? Ni ansa. Ruidlius do filidecht a preith re sechta. Dilius do bair*d*ne a tomus re cluais *et* coir n-anal*a*. Coitceund indlius do p*r*ois .i. coit*chend* o dialt imach. Indlius do sidein, ar ni fil alt aun*d*. 3530] Cindus aithfeugthar in fouc*ul* is sechta fri vii laithibh na sechtmaine? Ni ansa. Grian mar Doumn*ach* .i. fiodh. Eusga mar Luan .i. deach. Mars mar Mairt .i. reim. Meurcuir mar Ceudaoin .i. fourpaid. Ioib mar Dardaoin .i. alt. Uenir mar Aoine .i. in*d*sge. Satarn mar Satharn 3535] .i. eutargaire. Conid amhlaidh sin cuirter na vii n-airdrend*a* & vii n-aiste na filidechtu & vii la na sechtmaine fri comuaim n-uad, a tri a ndialt, 's a tri a reucomarc, & a haon a n-iargcomarc. Gaidelc. i. guth Elg .i. Ealg Eire .i. guth Eir*enn*ach .i. 3540] --- p.211 {YBL folio 229a40} {Eg folio 70a29} berla Eirenn: no Gaidelcc .i. ealg oirderc .i. Gaaid*el* rus-oirrdercaich, ar ni dut*h*ch*a* do r*eir* an indaithm*ig*e sin ina do cach ni dooirdhercaigh Gaidel. In gach Gaid*il*c tomust*ar* re sechta. Is edh eim a secht dialt & cid edh oun touimsighter iar 3545] saordataid, uair adcodar a chon*d*ail amal ata fe-f*ri*-er, & ni gach sechta domiter and, ar is aonseachta fil aund. Connaghar do*no* a secht fo ts*echt*. A sechta .i. pun*ad* & in*d*e & airbert, coitc*hend* & dilius & ruidhlius & indliu*s* in gach foc*u*l don tsechta {YBL folio 229b1}. 3550] Fid ceutumus .i. fundamentum: uel a funo a bunad Laitne. Fo eadh a inde isna focl*aib*. A airbert .i. a thapairt f*or* v fedh*aib* fichit inn ogaim: no airbert .i. air ep*er*t .i. eipert aire .i. lit*ir* no guthaighi no consaine fair. Ruidl*ius*, dili*us*, coitcend, indl*ius*, do feudhaiph. Coitcend 3555] doip uili fedha do radh riu. Ruidl*ius* do feudhaiph airedhaiph. Dilius do forfedhaiph. Coitchend immorro dona taobomnaib acht uath. Indlius immorro doip-siden, ar ni taophomhna it*ir*, ut est: *h* non est litera sed nota aspiracionis .i. nochan fuil uath conid litir acht ata 3560] conid not tinf*idh*. Tinf*edh* .i. tinug*ud* feudha .i. neimtniug*ud* feda do radh riu sin uile acht is dilius & indlius & coitcend daip ouile. Fid na filidechta .i. in ceudna fiodh airedha phis a bfocul an imf*r*ecra, & an taophomna docuirither reisin bfiod sin do thapairt ar aird, & go rab inan*d* 3565] fidh oiredha beas a dtaopcuibdiph an raind & a n-imfrecra na dtarmartcend. Fid in anma p*ro*s*t*a in cetna fidh airedha bis and & in taobomna docuireth*er* reisin fid sin & deuoch .i. traig i frithindlidh*ech* Laitne. Deach .i. di fuach intan is dialt: no daghfuach no defuach intan is recomrac: no 3570] is de fuaigther int aircetal .i. coruige ocht sillaoba. Connagar do*no* bu*n*adh & in*d*e & airbert, coitchend & dilius & ruidluis & indlius a ndeach. Pu*n*ad quidem onni is tectum --- p.212 {YBL folio 229b21} {Eg folio 70 1b15} .i. didiu arinní is ditiu in deach do *gach* roun*d*. A inde immorro daghfuach no defuach. A airbert .i. o dialt 3575] co bri*cht*: no foc*al* aile fair .i. sill*ab*. A inde do*no* diph fuaigther intan is sreth. Coitchend doib uile dialt do rad riu, ar is dialt doformaigh for cach n-ai dibh fri araile. Dil*iu*s iar sun didiu: rui*dlius* iar ceill & son imale ina n-anma dilsi budhein do radh fria cach n-ai .i. rechomarc 3580] no iarchomarc & rlo. Indlius do dialt ain*m* deigh dona vii ndeachaibh aile do radh fris, ar ni foil alt and, ut dicitur cenib deach-side fo deisiu is la deach*aib* atsam*aigh*ther. Deach na filidh*echt*a .i. in lin sioll*ab* mbios isin rund. Deach in anma prosta in lion sill*ab* mbios isin ainm .i. a 3585] fios cie deach do na hocht ndech*aib* doroich int ainm. Reim .i. re uama aei a indi antan is filidhecht: no uaim dognith*e*r i reidhe cen co*m*uaim to*muis* dligth*ig* antan is bairnde acht tomhus fri cloais & coir n-anala: no raidh uaim intan is proiss. Reim dono cém a airbert: 3590] diall no tuisil a bunaidh Laitne: no rem a bunadh >quidem .i. onni is *robamus* comsuidigti. Ruidlius do rem d'fidh for fiodh i filidecht. Dilis do taibrem cethorcubaidh filidechta & bairdne. Coitqent do rem suin cin cheill & do rem suin & cheilli imale. Dilis di prois. Indlis do rem 3595] suin nama, uair ni filltir. Cesc, in gne no in cenel in rem? Is cinel eimh. Caitet a ngne? Ni ansa. Reimh fidliachta, & rem bairdne, & rem proisi. Da gne immorro for filidhacht & bairdne .i. rem d'fidh for fidh & taobreimh. Rem d'fidh for fidh cetamus: 3600] > 1. Colum caidh comachtach. > > Sian sleibi slatu seiscind, & rlo. > Taobhreimh amal ata sund: > 1. A Flain*d*, a luam in gaisce grind > > Co Maistin moill; > > 3605] It glana, it gaoth, it gart, no it garg, do rinn, no it grin*d*, > > It laoch, a Flain*d*. > --- p.213 {YBL folio 229b44}{Eg folio 70 2a2} Ceithri gne immorro for prois o reim .i. reim suin amal ata fer, ar is as reimmthar. Rem ceille dano amal ata Patraic. Ni herecor a reim sui*n*, ar is aondelb for a 3610] ainmnigh & for a ginitil. Reim suin & ceille imale, amal ata Fland Flaind. Taobreimh prosta me budein, ar is taobhreim cach ni nach lanreim. Treide ara {YBL folio 230a1} togtar reim .i. reim as amal ata fer, ar is as reimnighther: reim ind amal ata fir, ar is ind reimnigther. Reim ind & as 3615] imalle, ut est in fer, ain*m*n*id* & inchousg aund imalle. Reim dano ceim a airb*er*t: > 1. Bellat m*athai*r Niuil neimhnigh > > Do clain*d* Laidin langeiml*igh*, > > Fuair bas a lo greine glain, > > 3620] Ceile Feniusa Farsaidh. > 2. Cia taopomna na techt rain*d*? > > i mbeth-luis-ni*on* an ogaim > > On lo rocruta na ceoil > > is guta lasin Laitneoir .i. v consaini. > > 3625] > Connagar do*no* i ssund b*unad* & in*de* & a*irbert*, coitchend & dilius & ruidlius & indlius. Bunad quidim oní as *robamus* amal adru*brum*air. Re & uaim a inde. A airbert .i. ceim. Coit*chend* dona huil*ib* reimendaiph reim do radh ríu. Diles a beith a n-uathad. Ruidles a beith a n-ilar; 3630] no diles do reim na bairdne. Ruidles do reim na filidhechta. Indlius do reim na proisi: no indlius *reim* inn uathaigh i n-ilar cen adcodar a ilar. Et forpaid .i. fair bith for in bfocul no forsin rand .i. forsail & airnin & dinion disail: no forpaid .i. fourbeoaid intan is forsail: 3635] no forp*aid* intan is dinion disail: no fair bidh intan is airnion. Forbaidh .i. foirbeoaidh .i. foirid in mbeo i dtuigsin ind anma dia dtap*h*art*har* in forbaidh no in rand dia breith re seachta. Caiti bunad *et* in*d*e & a*irbert*, coitchend & dilius & 3640] --- p.214 {YBL folio 230a22} {Eg folio 70 2a29} ruidlius *et* indlius isin focul is fourbaid? Bunad cetoumus: oni is accentus .i. formairius, ilgnuiss*each*. A in*d*e .i. fair dip*ad* bid foursin bfoucul four fot no cumair .i. airnin, f*orsail*, d*inin* d*isail*: no fourp*aid* a airpert .i. for *fh*idbaith dono a airbert. Couitchend dona huilib f*or*p*aidhibh* 3645] fourpaid do rad riu. Diles a beth for fut no gair. Rudlius a radh fri fourbaid fordingi. Indlius do fourbaidiph dul a loag aroile .i. do da forbaid na nguta & do aonforpaid na gconssaine: no forbaid ilair for forbaid uathaid: no forpaid fuit four qumair no forbaid cumair for fout: no 3650] indles cen a fuath do sgrib*end*. Forbaid intan is foursail .i. sail fair no foursail .i. four fuill*iud* iarsinni foutaighes an foucal. fourpaid antan is dinion dissail, sech ni nion ni sail acht is duir: no dinin disail .i. disin difuill*iud* .i. nemfuilliud. Forpaid dono fair bid intan is airnion no forbuaidh 3655] intan is airnion. Airnin .i. eirnidh nion: no fourpaid .i. for *fh*idhbaid a airbert. Ruidlius do forsail. Dilius do airnin. Couitchend do dinion disail. Indles do fourpaidip dul a log araile .i. do da forpaid na nguta & do eunforpaid na consaine, ar at iat tri fourbaidi docuisin .i. airnion, forsail, 3660] & dinin disail. Airnin arding defidh .i. ding fil and is teirce feuda fodera .i. di fo diult*ad* co nach fidh acht is taobomna, ut est ceun*d* no gloun*d*. No airnin arin bfoucal fir-ding*g*eas a deiredh[29](javascript:footNote('G502003/note029.html')) Dinin disail ar gair geip*id* .i. di fo diultad co nach nion co nach sail gairdigius in foucal 3665] acht duir, ar is duir (sgribt*har*) ag ionchousg na fourp*aid*e sin, ut est feur & leur & gach timourta oulchena. Forsail for fuot feudair .i. sail fair forin bfoucal dia fot amal ata bán & lán. Alt onní is altus: uasal a bunad Laitne: no onní 3670] ailt*er* ina menmain no go feiser cia halt {YBL folio 230b1} airchetail berar re seachta .i. i*n* nath, no ind an*air*, in laid, no --- p.215 {YBL folio 230b1} {Eg folio 70 2b12} ind emain, in sethrad, in seutrad [30](javascript:footNote('G502003/note030.html')), no in sainemain, in dian dona dianaiph o sin anon*n* .i. ota na seacht primaiste inon*n* is o deach slouin*n*ter. Alt .i. onni ailter ina menmain. 3675] Alt in anma prousta .i. in re n-aimsire bioss iter na da tsill*aib* a in*d*e. Alt go bfeisser a airbert. Connaghar dono bunad & in*de* & airbert, coitchend, dil*ius*, ruidl*ius*, indl*ius* isin bfouc*ul* is ault. Bunad quidim oniss altus, ut diximus. A inde dano .i. ail fuit no oull ait no ailid. A airpert .i. 3680] aigned saordatad. Coitchend do gach alt, alt do rad ris. Dil*ius* do ault saorda no da ault bauirdne. Ruidl*ius* da ault aign*id* no filidechta. Indlius do dialt, ar ni bi ault and: no alt aiccenta a n-in*ad* ailt tsaorda no alt saorda a n-inad ailt aiccenta: no ruidlius & dilius, coitchend *et* indlius 3685] & rl. Alta ruidlius do ault filidechta .i. aisti. Dilius immorro do alt bairdne .i. do aisti coitchend, no do fouclaiph na proisi, & coitchend do gach foc*ul* i mbi alt. Indsge .i. co bfeisser an aisti urdalta, no go bfeisser in se no in si in aiste beraid re seachta, amal rogaph: is e i*n* 3690] nath, is i an laidh. In*d*sge an anma prosta .i. firindsge no banindsge no deimindsge. Connagar dono bunad & inde & airbert, coitchend & dilius & ruidlius & indlius ind indsge. Bunad cetamus: oniss ouratio a in*d*e .i. in*n*is coi .i. coi in*n*isti *neich* Airbert dono .i. irlapra. Coitchend 3695] do ferindsge & do banindsge & do deimindsge: no indsge is coitchend do ferindsge & do banindsgi, ut est Fla*nn* no Ceallach: no is couitchend dona huil*ib* masgal is se. Dil*ius* antan raiter, is si sron no suil an fir: no is he beul no fiacail na mna. Dil*ius* is se an 3700] fer, is si in beun. Ruidlius intan raiter, is e bel no fiacail an fir: no ruidlius is se an fer so, cona anmaim sain*d*r*edaig*. Indlius is e do radha risin gcrand na tuism*id* ní ier n-aiccned no intan fedhair indsgi for araile. No bunad & inde & airrbert, coitchend & dilius & ruidlius & 3705] --- p.216 {YBL folio 230b26} {Eg folio 70 2b45} indlius. Indsge, sgiencia, a bunad: indis coi a in*d*e: sgouthecne a airbert. Ruidlius do indsge aiccenta caom. Dilius do indsge aiccenta euccaom. Coitchend indiles don indsge saorda. Indlius ar indilsi. Couitchend ar a gnathugud: & 3710] etargaire .i. co feusair ind aisti eurdalta bera re seachta .i. i*n* nath debrichta no in trebrichta, an laid ar a chair no in luipencoussach no in imrind bera re seachta. Etargaire an anma prosta, is se an fer urdalta no is si an ben urdaulta. Caiti bunad & inde & airbert, coitchend, dilius 3715] & ruidlius & indlius an e*targra*diamus .i. foruaslaigt*hech* a in*d*e .i. euturgnod goutha quia fit gair .i. guth. Airbert .i. a br*eith* re toumus no re seacht: no eipert aire .i. deiliugud no de dualugud. Coitchend dona huil*ib* etargair*ibh* etargaire do rad riu .i. couitchend i n-ord comairme. Dilius a rad 3720] risna seacht n-etargairip tuas: no do etargaire inchoisc i persain, uair is sloinded persainde san*d*r*adaig*e he. Ruidlius a rad fri hetargaire deurrsgugud a nderrsgugud, uair is si frecrus in coindealg: no ruidlius a radh re hetargaire a tomus no frissna hetargaire iar ndilsi. 3725] Indlius .i. etargaire inchoisg persainde: no a rad fri heutargaire aile cenmota in sechta tuas do neoch dip na feo air coind*el*c. Coitchend indlius immorro dona heutargairib ar cheuna. Couitchend a n-uord comairme. Indlius do neoch diph nat frisgair in coin*del*cc. 3730] Cesc, an gne no in cinel in fidh? Is cenel eimh. Masa cinel, catet a gnee? Ni ansa. Fiodh saorda & fidh aigenta. Fidh saorda .i. fidh ind ogaim. Fidh aiccenta .i. fiodh na coille {YBL folio 231a1}. Fidh in ogaim, an gne no in cinel e? Is cinel eiccen uair techtaig gne .i. fid airechda *et* 3735] fourfiod *et* taobomna, is e sin in cinel cinelach gneth*ach* .i. an fiod. Cesc, an gne no an cinel an deach? Is cinel eimh uair --- p.217 {YBL folio 231a4} techt*aid* gnee .i. secht ndeich na filideechta. Is e sin in cinel gneithech fogapaid *ocht* n-ernaili na filidechta. 3740] Cesc, an gne no in cinel in reim? Is cinel eim, uair techtaid gnee .i. da gne filidechta *et* bairdne .i. reim d'fiodh four fidh & taopreim lanreim, ut est: Coulum caid cumachtach & rlo. Taobreim, ut est: 3745] A Floin*d*, a luam an gaisgid grin*d*. Ceitheora gnee four proiss o reim .i. reim souin gan ceill, & reim soin & ceille imalle, & taophreim prosta, & reim soin nama. Reim suin gan ceill cetumus .i. fer, fir. Reim suin *et* ceille imalle .i. Flan*d* Floin*d*. Taophreim prosta 3750] me pudein. Reim suin nama .i. Patroig Pat*roig*. Ni hairecar a reim souin, ar is aondelph fora ainmniugud & fora ginit*il*. Tri gneithi ara togtar reim ind, & reim aus, & reim ind & ass imalle. Reim as, amal ata fer, ar is as reimn*i*gt*h*er. 3755] Reim *ind, amal* ata fir, ar is ind a reimniugud. Reim ind & ass imalle, amail ata in fer .i. ind teit í & ass tét á .i. reim ind ina dualgus foghair uathaid & reim as ina dualgus foghair ilair & ind imalle & ina dualgus ceille imalle: no reim ind .i. Pat*raic* ar ni bfil as iar soun. Reim as .i. fer 3760] fir, ar ni fil ind iar gceill. Reim ind *et* ass imale .i. Flan*d* Fl*aind*, ar ata ind iar gceill, & ata ass iar son. Is e sin in cinel cinelach gneithech ceinel*ach* rocoumad sound forsna reimendaib. Is e in reim .i. reim Laitne no Ebra no Grege no Gaoidelce as a fogbad bunad an 3765] focail, uair ni bunad acht cechtar de (no dib) sin. Cesc, an gne no in ceinel in forpaid? Is cinel eimh, uair techt*aid* tri gneithi. Is e sin an cinel foura dtaurrustar tri gneithe na Gaid*el*cci. Cesc, in gne no in cinel int alt? Is cinel eimh, uair atait tri gnee fair .i. 3770] alt saorda & ault aigenta & ault go bfeisser. Ant alt co --- p.218 {YBL folio 231a27} bfeisser immorro teuchtaid coig gne & coig cin*ela*. Cesc, an gne no in cinel ind indsge? Is derp conid cinel tria chail na tri n-indsge sin & teachta na tri hindsgi. An cen*el* deochr*aig*ius daoine an domain. Cesc, an gne no 3775] in cenel inn etargaire? Is ceinel eim, uair is diairmhiti a gneithe. Is e sin in cenel etardeochraigius na huile. Caiti eisi in tsechta frisa dtoimsigther Gaoidelc? Ni ansa. Eisi feuda quidim .i. in bl*og* aieoir teipidi gaibius an fhiodh i n-ell*uch* in focail, ut dixit in fil*e*:— 3780] > 1. Eisi fedha is freitighe, > > Ferr daiph a aithne ogaibh, > > In blad eieoir theip*idh*e > > Techtas ind eallach fouc*ail*. > Caiti eisi deiich? Ni ansa. An lio*n* no in uaiti tson 3785] n-ao*n*conngbalach ainmnigther o dialt gou briocht cona n-athgapail diplinaiph. Caiti eisi reime? Ni ansa. An br*uud* fillti fourbriste fogar*da* fil otha ainmniugud in uataigh co fox*laid* an ilair. Caiti eisi forpaide? Ni ansa. In torm*ach* no in dighbail aimsire airigius aign*ed* a 3790] gcomsinedh fri fog*ur*. Caiti eisi alta? Ni ansa. In toi tengad fil don filid ag ceimniugud don litir for araile mad alt saorda, no don tsill*aib* four araile mad alt aiccenta. Caiti e*i*si indsge? Ni ansa. In foul*ud* firen foirbthe feudhair isna trib cenelaiph. Caiti eisi etargaire. Ni ansa. 3795] Ant athfeugad meidi in*d*e no inchoisg no eiterdethbere no etarderrsgaigti rodealph Die iter na duilib. Eisi .i. go mbeith e*ss*e *d'ecensia* .i. mar roinnius rann & uilidhecht .i. mar ta cran*d* & a geuga & a cousmailius. Ese cruthoigti & eisi adbarrda: Iss ed is eisi adbarrda and .i. mac do 3800] geineimain on athair & a cosmailius. Is ed is eisi cruthoighti and mar ata mac aga foghl*aim* *o* oidi no maigist*i*r; & fiagfr*a*idh int ugdar cie ai *i*s uaisle, eisi cruthoighthi na eisi adbarda, & ader gu rab {YBL folio 231b1} uaisli --- p.219 {YBL folio 231b1} eisi cruthoighthi: & is he a adpert sin nach bfil acht 3805] dam*na* arna geinemain and no go gcruthoigther he o fhoglaim, ut dixit Plato. Cret iat na tri hernaile ata agin Laitneoir frecrus na secht n-etargaire agon filid? Ni ansa. Coin*d*ealg & pronomen & dobriathar. Secht .i. sechta do aib domiter 3810] an*d* .i. secht n-aisti na filidechta & secht n-aisti na bairdni domiter isi bfocal is sechta .i. seiptim sin. Punadh (no capail) deside fri sechta do aibh and ai .i. secht n-aisneissi*n*a na secht n-aisneis (no foc*ul* so) anuas in seacht atat iar n-aisneis isin bfoc*ul* is seiptim co fail deiside 3815] in sechta do aib ind ai .i. ind aisneis sic. Br*eith* rie secht gach ai .i. foucal na filidechta cach ae diph .i. foucal do breith re secht an seuchtsa anuass do iarair and sic iarrtoigther i sidea aile .i. a bfoclaibh na bairdne & na proisi. Ruidlius do filidecht & is air*e* is mo is ruidlius 3820] do filidecht, ar is innti is moum recar a les im*fh*recra imcupa*id*. Dlig*ther* comardad do beith iar bfeudaiph airedhaiph, conid aire sin is ruidlius do fhilidecht. Dilius do bairdne, ar is lugam rig a less comardad imcubaidh dligther do iarair innti acht conub binn re cluais & co rab 3825] comard*ad* ch*eudn*a & in gach Gaid*i*lcc & rl. Is douil*ig* cetus dialt aontsillaop*ach* do tomus fri sechta. Is amlaidh so eimh, uair fogabar deiliugud aims*err*da cen go bfoghabta deiliugud folpt*haig*i. Is amlaid sin toimsigther dialt fri sechta & ni gach sechta frisa dtoimhiuster Gaoidelc, ar 3830] is fri haontsechta toimsigther hi .i. frisin sechta romain*d* .i. fidh & deach sic a bfoclaib ailiph in tsechta. Iarroigter bunad & inde & airbert, coitchend & ruidlius & dilius & indlius. > 1. Lorc Luocha hEgbric hui Briain, > > Gourt a mbith bouth brat seoil, > > 3835] Aide Mide meic don Grein, > > Sidhe na haoine im feil Eoin. > --- p.220 {YBL folio 231b27} Iarraigther isin rand so soudhcuipdius .i. soad cuipdiusa, & cretcuipdi*us* & lethcuibdius; & iarraigther isin deig*en*ouch beous salcuibdis & cretcouibdius, lancuibdius, 3840] iargcuibdius. Coitchend doip uile deich do rad riu. Dil*ius* iar sou*n* dialt do rad fri gach n-aontsill*aib* neamciallaidi, sic est coax & ar a tsuin nemciallaide sin: no dilius a radh iar bfoug*ar* friu uile. Ruidlius iar gceill & soun imalle .i. g*ach* bfail i mbia deich ciellaidi. 3845] Caiti tomus fri sechta .i. an fiodh touisech biss isin ruon*d*, & an taobomna tois*ech* do tapairt ar aird; & go bfeisiur in da taophcup*dius* an raind .i. go raibe an fhidh cetna beass a n-im*fh*recra na da tarmortchend; & co rab inand a lion do taophomn*aib* beus impo; & go bfeiser cia 3850] deach dona hocht ndeachaiph doroich an aisti; & go bfeiser in taophreim no in reim d'fidh for fiodh; & co bfeisiur cia forpa*id* bes a bfoclaip ind im*fh*recra; & co feusair ca halt dona secht n-altaibh an ercetail .i. na filidechta. Indsge .i. go bfeiser an se no an si an ais*t*i & eutargaire 3855] gne n-aircetail do gne do tomus re sechta, & intan ba rosgad no tomusti and cibin*d*as notomhusti; ar ni bi lancub*dius* no taobcup*dius* and. Ni ansa. Do foc*laib* forbta ainaile rotaisb*enad* .i. don *coic*id foc*al*, oir is *coic* foc*ail* romesad a n-anail in fil*ed*. Caiti secht an ochta in 3860] Airr*aicept*u? Ni ansa. Intan is ocht ndialta i mbricht, is andsin is secht n-alto and. Caiti in foucal aoncongbaulach, deconngbalach, treconngbalach? Ainmnigther o triu*n* {YBL folio 232a1}. Ni rodilssi dó an trian o n-ainmnigther ouldas in dá trian o nach ainmnigther .i. iargcoumarc, tretsill*aebach*. 3865] Caitet na da taophoumna gauphus gr*eim* guthaige .i. coull & ruis taur eis *a*, ut est Cuorm*ac* baurd: > 1. Im pa seussach, im pa seung, > > Im ba treusach, turm*e* nglound, > > A Criosd! in congena friom? > > 3870] O ti go techt tar forliond loun*d*. > --- p.221 {YBL folio 232a6} .i. reimtsuidhiugud da tsill*ab* iter da choumuaim fidhr*aid*, is i sin an lourcc buddein bios uag imful*ung* an fouc*ail* co auraile *et* ni louitend couir fiodr*aid*: > 1. Cie leuth cou p*rath* ier gcuairt chruos > > 3875] Cusalua mo chouplauch creus: > > Im ba souir no siar, ni suaill, > > Im ba bi-thuaidh nou bu-deus. > ‘Loun*d*’ & ‘leuth cou pr*ath* iar gcuairt crous,’ a fidhr*ad* freucuom*ail* sin no gu dtainic dialt n-eitterleime et*ra*iph. 3880] ‘Cia’ iter ‘lound’ & ‘leuth’ an dialt n-eiterleime .i. eiter deired in roind toisigh & toussach an rouind deighenaigh. Cesc, caiti toumus fri fiodh .i. caiti iat na feudha frisin a nd*en*tar an toumus? Ni ansa. Co fesar a lion, a llion *et* a n-uaiti *et* a mét *et* a loighet, a gcumang & a n-eugcuomaung, 3885] a n*er*t *et* a n-aimn*er*t. Is ed a lion .i. cuicc aicme an ogaim *et* cuicc*er* ceucha haicme. A n-uaiti .i. aon .i. aonaicme. A meut (.i. a toirne, id est nion) .i. coic flesga. Et a laighet .i. aonfleusg, ut est bethe. Caiti deochair iter a cumang .i. a 3890] feudh*aib* & a n*ear*t .i. a bfedh*aib* ai*re*dhaiph fri suidug*ud* sill*aibe*. Ni ansa. Cumoung cetamus: intan dogniat guth ind-aonaur .i. *a* no *o* no *u*. A n*er*t immorro antan dusbere fri suidugud a sill*aibe*, amal ata bethe, ailm, souil; & luis, ailm, souil. Caiti deochair iter a n-eugcumaung 3895] & a n-aimn*er*t .i. a dtuobou*m*n*aibh* fri suidiug*ud* sill*aibe*. Ni ansa. Egcumoung c*etam*us: antan is fo nialus na guth*ai*ge amal ata fidh: no egcumong .i. intan don-occaibh uath cend douiph. Caiti deochair iter a n-egcumang & a n-aimn*er*t? Ni ansa. Egcumang cetamus: 3900] intan is fo nialus na nguth*ai*ge, amal ata fidh .i. a taophomn*aibh* intan don-ouccaiph uath cend doiuph. Fior eimh, ar ni tuigter na feuda deghenchuo filit isna defougraibh sin tria na gcant*ain* fo chetoir. Aimnert um*morro* antan bit ag comhsuidightiph cutrouma na ndefougar 3905] --- p.222 {YBL folio 232a33} isna forfeudh*aib*, amal ata f*er* & beun. Cuicc fedho gaucha haicme & o aon go cuicc cach ai .i. oenfleisc go coic flesgaibh .i. amal ata beth*e* 'na haon*ur* & nion 'na cuicc*iur* do*ib*. Gne aile: Egcumong cetuomus: antan piti fo nialus, ut est: quoniam, quidem, lasin Laitneoir: no intan 3910] biti tri guthaighe a n-aontsillaib lasin nGaidel, ut est Briain, gliaid, feoil, beoir. Caiti deochair iter an egcu*m*oung & an aimhnert? Eccoumong cetomus: intan na bit comung occai. Aimnert immorro ni berar a comang uadhaibh auchd ni mor ch*en*a i bfarr*ad* na bfidh n-airedha. 3915] Aimhnert immorro intan biti fo consanachd, ut est seru*u*s uulgus, lasin Laitneoir; ut est iarum, cian & ciar, uuall & auall lasin nGaidel. Lanchumang inntibh iter fedhaibh & taophoumnaibh co nd-ouorba uath .i. co {YBL folio 232b1} ndofir-baidhe, no co n-irdiphand. Cuicc aicme 3920] ougaim & cuicc*er* gacha haicme cenmotha na forfeudha & o aon co cuic cach ai .i. o aonfidh co cuicc fedha & o aonfleisg co coic fleisgaiph co ndod-deilighther .i. is cain-nus-deiligther triana n-airde .i. trian a n-egcosg & it e i n-airrde: Desdruim .i. bethe do deis an droma, is e 3925] aithne aicme bethe: Tua*th*druim .i. do leth tuaidh an droma, is e aithne aicmi uath: Tredruim aithne aicmi muin: Imdruim aithne aiccme ailm adiu & anaull. Aithne aicme na bforfiodh .i. on rand is mou rohainmniog*ed* .i. ouna tri feudhaiph & is iat shou anmoun*d*a dringtacha 3930] ind ogaim. Is amlaid (sin) imdrichaur ougam .i. amal imdreng*thar* crand .i. is amlaid ceimnigther isinn ogam au*mail* ceimnigther isin craund & iss ed is crand soun*d* conair aipgitri ind og*aim*. Is hi frem .i. frem na craoiphi .i. saltr*ad* four frem an crouind ar tus, & do lam dheuss 3935] remhat .i. aiccme bethe, *et* do lam cleith fo deoigh .i. aicme uath. Iarsin is leiss .i. uait, & is fris .i. cuccut .i. aicmi muin, & is trit aicme ailm. Tairis & uime aicme na --- p.223 {YBL folio 232b15} bforfiodh. Is amlaid sin deiligter feudha *et* forfeudha & taophoumna. Cesc, cid ar a n-eibertar fedha friusidhe 3940] .i. frisna taopoumna amal fida? Ni ansa. Fobith domioter na taoboumna friu .i. a n-ainm prostu .i. it*er* fedha & taopomna & cainfuaigter na fouc*ail* dip, ut est luis ailmi & bethe ailme .i. *la* & *ba*. Is he sin in sealpad saorda cin reim acht reim remraithi .i. do fedhaiph nama. Ita 3945] in comuaim amal ata fidh airedha in lethraind toisigh & in lethraind deirig i teit in dis fuaigedh in rand. Cesc, cinnus domither frisna taopoumn*aib* amal fidha? Ni ansa. Cach da taopomna ar fidh a cupaid. Is ed a cupaid iarum cach da coibfid a cubaidh co rab*eth* a fidh 3950] cetno beus i bfoclaiph ind im*fh*recra & corab inand a llion do taopomn*aib*, ut est bas & las, frass bras, cend lend, corn dourn, doun*n* coun*n*, nem cel. Cid ar a n-aubaur feudha friusidhe .i. frisna taoboumnaiph? Ni ansa. Amal iarraigther fidh airedha in an*m*a icca b*reth* re 3955] sechta, sic sin iarroigther in taoboumna bis and .i. isin bfoucal cauch da taopoumna ar fiodh, ut dicitur:— > 1. Marc*ach* autconn*d*aurc ane, > > Eut*ach* uime co nndath cro, > > A dath at gilithir geiss, > > 3960] Uan tuinne dath a da o. > .i. coll & ruis a n-agaid onn: no cro a cubaid fri honn tantum. Bas lass, lancupaid indsin. Taobcubaid .i. bras & lass: no is e ant aontug*ud* co n-inan*d*us & int aontug*ud* cin inan*d*us andsin. Dedha airecor and .i. 3965] aontugud co ndeiliugud amal ata bas & las, & is iar comardad n-aircetail ata.,uair is inan*d* fidh air*eghdh*a fil intibh & is i*n*an*d* taobomna deighenoch; sain immorro taobhomna toisich. Caite ruidlius & dilus, coitchend & indlius do fedoibh 3970] do tomus friu? Dilius do forfedhoibh. Ruidles do fedhuibh --- p.224 {YBL folio 232b38} airedhoibh. Coitchend do taobomna. Inlius do taobomn*aib* *sic* isna foclaibh ailiph in tsechta. Conagur dono isin aipgitir bunath o aon, & airec o dedha, & a cor a tredhai, & a comuaim fri ceathardha, & a 3975] comhdluthugh fri cuicthi, a morudh fri sedhai, a fogh*ail* a sechda, a riagh*u*l re hochta, a hincosc a noie, a fastad a ndeicthi. Is e tra int aon tuas .i. **Feinius Farrsaidh**, in dedho mac Etheoir, in tredhath mac Aíngín, in cethruim*th*e Cae, in coicidh Aimergin mac Noi*n*e meic Nionuail, 3980] an seisidh Fercheirtne {YBL folio 233a1}, in sechtmad a dalta, int ochtmad Cendfaol*adh*, an noimad a dalta, an dechmad Cínaotha, a fost*ad* a n-aon .i. int uachdarach (.i. Fenius) .i. in trefocul. Iss e so tosach an Airaicepto iar nAimirgin nGluingeal .i. Aimirgin a fearsa: a n-aimsir mic Mil*ed* 3985] arriacht: Tochur Inbir Moir a crich hui nEnechglas Cualun*d* a loc: & tucaid a denma .i. Ir mac Miled dia tolugud go he*n*ingen amal ata i n-ar ndeoigh. *Ceasc cia rainig in beurla* Feine, & cia hairm a n-airrniocht, & cisi haimsir i rriochd? Iss e immorro 3990] irrainic **Feinius Farrsaidh** .i. in persa: ogin tour .i. in loug: in dara deisgiopul sechtmadad na sgoile. Pa do Ephradaiph a bunadus & ba go hEceptacta rofaoide*d*, fobith iss and batar a tusdige & pa hand ron-alt. Is and roan **Feinius** feissin accan tour no go tdourracht a sgoul cuigi 3995] as gach aird i cionn deich mbliedan iar sgailed oun tour four gach leth, connaitchend cusin sai .i. gou **Feinius** berla na beith ag nech aile douiph asna hilperl*aib*, achd comad ouca a n-aonur no beith, no ag nech nofouglainnedh leo doridisi. Is andsin doreip*ed* doip in berlu-sa asna hilperlaiph 4000] rotaispenadh do aonfer diph, & pa he an fer sin Gaidel mac Aingin, uair is he is mo daroth*laig*, no torothlaig, & is he rob ferr diph conad he a ainm-sidhe fordota --- p.225 {YBL folio 233a20} in berla sin, conid Gaidelc deiside o Gaidel mac Aingin meic Glunfind meic Laim*fh*ind meic Eithiur meic Aghnom*ain* 4005] do Gregaiph. Inand tra Gaidel mac Aingin & Gaidel mac Eithiuir .i. da ainm patar four a athair .i. Aingein & Eitheoir. Is an*d*sin iarum doreip*ed* in berlasa u mba ferr .i. a n-edargna in gach berla, & u mpa caoine .i. fri turgp*ail* & u mba leithe .i. i gciall*ugud*, iss ed doreip*ed* 4010] insin Gaidilc. Gach soun do na hairrniocht cairecht*air*i isna haipgitribh ailibh arnichta cairachtaire leosum doip isin mbethe-luis-nion an ogaim, ut est {illu225.1}. It iet sin no huocht litri sechnait in Gaidilc dona haipgitribh aile. Rolaiti iarum i feudha for leth & a dtaobomna 4015] for leth lasin nGaid*el* go bfuil cach dip four leth (do) araile ge nacha cumusg atait agin Gaid*el* amal atat agin Laitneoir: cros *ar* ani is crux Latine is croch agin Gaidel: grus ni fil a fregra lassin Laitneoir, ut est:— > 1. Aithn*e* dam an lios > > 4020] Sech a teit an glas > > Inab imda grus > > An gob imda auss. > Ceitheora ran*d*a forfogailti agin tour .i. da deisgiopul sechtmogat, & da comairlech sechtmogat, da thuaith 4025] sechtmogat, da berla sechtmogat. Is e primthoiss*ech* lasin ndernad an tor .i. Eber mac Saile, & Gregus mac Gomer otat Gregaig. & Laitin mac Puin otat Latianda, & Ribath Scout otat Scuit, & Nemruad mac Cuis meic Caim meic Nai F. F. 4030] Brec dano a rad so .i. Greccus mac Gomer do beith agin tour, ut est in parabulamb genilogia .i. leapair geineal*aige* na nEapr*aid*i .i. ni rabatar acht tri meic ag Gomer, Aisc, Necus [31](javascript:footNote('G502003/note031.html')), & Rifath a n-anmanda & Togarma iarsin go rogenair Greccus o n-ainmnigtir 4035] --- p.226 {YBL folio 233a42} G*rei*cc. Ni raibi immorro ingra .i. ingar {YBL folio 233b1} go m*ad* mac do Gouimer Grecus, co nnach raipe ic cumdach an tuir amlaid sin. Coumaimsir*ad* andso sis. Da bliadain *coicat* o sgailiud an tuir go flaithius Nion meic Peil, a do *coicait* dopoi a righe. Ceithri bliadna dec ar tri fichit ar 4040] secht cetaiph o flaithus Nion co deired flaithiusa Tuta*n*eis ri an doumain. Is re lind rotoglad an Trai fa deigh secht mbliadna iarsin co dtug Aenias ingen Laitin meic Puin, conid deich mbliadna ar ochtmogaid ar oucht cetaiph o sgailiud an tuir Lauina & Laitin fein dorinne 4045] a caing*in* fris. Is follus assin co nnach c*er*t-tiaghait oes ind Uiraicepto co na bou in sescatmad primhtois*ech* an tuir. Sgouta ingen Fouraind ri Eigipti o n-ainmnigtir Scuit *et* as sou rofaus .i. Nel mac Fein*iusa* Farrsaidh fer frichnam*hach* 4050] he go dtainig asin Sgeithia go magh Seunair m*ar* a rapatar na teungtha ar na sgailed & dob ail leis do dtuicced se na teungtha & docuala ri Eigipti Nell do beith ag sduid*ir* in*n*to. Dotogairm cuige fein he co tecusg*ad* se na hEigipti fo na tengt*ha* & tug se a ingin fein do .i. 4055] Scouta & onoir romor, conid uaiti ainmigtir Sguit, ut dixit poeta: > 1. Feine o **Feinius** atbertai, > > Brig gan douchta, > > Gaid*il* o Gaid*iul* Gl*as* garta, > > 4060] Sguit o Sgota.[32](javascript:footNote('G502003/note032.html')) > I mpau ferr & i mba lethe ina cach berla & rlo .i. ferr leosim a n-etargn*a* a mbith coumdis muiti uile quam a mbeth comtis lethguta & muiti amal atat agin Laitneoir. A mba caoine .i. caoime leis a cuig fo fut & a cuig fo lan & 4065] a cuig fo cruaidh .i. fedha airedha andsin. Caoime leosim dono a cuig fo gair, a cuig fo bugu, a cuig fo deghfog*air*, forfedha indsin, quam aon quig fuith*ibh* uile amal ata agin --- p.227 {YBL folio 233b25} {Eg folio 71 1 a 1} Laitneoir fo dichronus .i. nemcinnti no nemtsealp*ad*. Iss *ed* isbeir in Laitneoir gabait na cuig guthaige an greim 4070] sin uile, ut est: Latini omneis suont uocales producti & corropti posunt .i. atat na huile guthaige Latianda co gcaomnagtar & co roectar & co dtimairgter. Leithe i gciallaibh & a bfouclaib & a leitriph. Leithe i leitriph cetoumus: {illu227.1}. Ni fil a frecra lasin Laitneoir. Lethe 4075] a bfouclaiph dono .i. grus .i. cluoch & lind: ni fil a frecra lasin Laitneoir .i. grus & tanouch: gourmaulo lasin Laitneoir, gruth laisin nGaidel dia frecra, Gourmarium lasin Laitneoir, gruthr*ach* laisin nGaidel. Grus immorro laisin nGaidel, ni fil a frecra-sidhe lasin Laitneoir: lapis 4080] lasin Laitneoir clouch lasin nGaidel: peutra laisin, Laitneoir, ail lasin nGaidel: sdrupala lasin Laitneoir carr*ac* lasin nGaidel, oun*d* & ailcne, immorro, is iat na cenela clouch do nach filit a frecarth*aich* agin Laitneoir. Lethe dono i bfouclaib & i gciallaib & i litribh in Gaidelc 4085] de sin inas in Laitin. Cid leithi i foclaib, ni lethi i gciallaib, ar cia beith ilanman*d*a agin Gaidel ag sloin*d*edh na ret, tic an ciall reullait sin isinn uathadh foucal fil icon Laitneoir. Ni fior on amal isber in Laitneoir: Nicienciim sgieris nomen, cognico rerum perit .i. atbail aithne na reut 4090] muna het*ar*gnaither {YBL folio 234a1} ant ainm. Aqu*a* lasin Laitneoir, uisgi lasin nGaoidel: aimnis lasin Laitneoir, aphoun*d* lasin nGaidel: pisginai laisin Laitneoir, iechlind lasin nGaidel: lin*d* immorro lasin nGaidel, ni fil a frecra lasin Laitneoir. 4095] Rolaiti iarum a feudha four leith *et* a thaophoumna four leth co bfil cach ai diph for leith ou'raile, ar ni bfil leuthguta an*d* amal nach bfil la Grecca au*cht* muiti nama. Gach duil do nach raibe ai*n*mniucc*ud* isna beurlaibh ailiph --- p.228 {YBL folio 234a7} arichta a ainmniugud doiph isin Gaidilc, ut est, grus, cluoch, 4100] lind. .i. an dara sill*ab* deig*en*ach oir is ‘penuilt’ is asnin do *Cidh fuodera penuilt chumair* laasin Laitneoir & ‘uilt’ in sillab deg*en*ach .i. o circu*n*das, *a* ‘*siorcundamas*,’ *et conat* 4105] oir is on persain tanuisi uathaigh cruith*er* in cetpersa *on persaind tanaiste dognither* ilair lasin Laitneoir ar cor ‘mu’ iter *a* & *s* na persain*d*e *tria* ‘*mu*’ *d'eturtsamugud* tanuisi amal ata i ‘circundamus’: oir ‘circunda,’ 4110] *iter* ‘*a*’ *et* ‘*s*’? *Ni ansa*. ‘circundis,’ ‘circundit,’ poi an*d* ar tus. Neoch ata ‘*Do*,’ ‘*dis*,’ ‘*did*,’ *ropui* cumair rolean in cuimre no coibhiti [33](javascript:footNote('G502003/note033.html')) sin. Dobai ar ‘circundimus’ i tosach ‘circundamas’ 4115] ‘*de*’ *ria* ‘*m*’ *fertar* ina aimsir*ad* & is uime sin ita in penuilt *cuimre* *et* ‘*dimus*’ *don* tuas do beith cumair *oir dobai si cumair* a ‘sircundimus’ .i. is iat *ilur et rolen aims eradh* 4120] na tri persan*da* h*uathaid*: ‘sircun*do*,’ ‘sirqundas,’ *na cuimre sin a cetpersain* ‘sirqundad’ & na tri persan*d*a ilair: ‘circundamus,’ *ilair tuas, gen gurlen* ‘sirqundimus,’ ‘cirqundercimus’ .i. 4125] *i litrip, ar ni lenand i fout* nior doluidsi on a qumachtain .i. ar ‘do’ do *acht do aonsillab*. hi fada co nnderna. *Cid foudeura aiccent forin penuillt comair sen .i.* 4130] ‘*da*’ *et nach ar* ‘*cund*’ *ata*? *Ni ansa*. *Ar ata do* *met is luigtech in dobriathar is* ‘*sircuim*’ *rei* ‘*do*’ --- p.229 {YBL folio 234a34} {Eg folio 71 1a43} *conna romill uimpi a haimsered nach a haiccent amal na* *romill a* ‘*cailirefacio*.’ *Millidh immorro in* ‘*re*’ *in* *suidiugud a rolagat*. *Is laigtech risin mbreithir*. 4135] Is *ed* in*d* son tosach ind Uraiciopta iar **Feinius** & iar nIar mac Nema & iar nGaidel mac Eitheoir no mac Aingin. Is iat sin a persanda & aimsir dano an aimsir a tangadar meic Issrael a hEigipt. Is a nAisia ari*cht*, cia isberait isa muig tSeunair doriacht. Tuccait a sgriphind 4140] a touthlugud don sgoil moir go **Feinius** *et* co hIar mac Nema & go Gaidel mac Eitheuir a tep*idh*i doiph ind Uraiciopt*a* & iar dtiodnacul (in) rechta do Maisi & iar bfogl*aim* do Caei Cainbrethach oga, conid airi sin arriachta na haipgitri a n-aontapaill amal isbeir: *cuiteut aipgitri* 4145] *na dtri primberladh* & rla. Se primtoisigh lasin dernad in tour .i. Eimer mac Saile, Greccus mac Goimer otat Gregaigh & rlo, amal adrubrumair romaind. Partal*on* mac Sdair*n* {YBL folio 234b1} meic Seura meic Sru meic Eusru cetnarogaph Eire [rie](G502003/app008.html) 4150] ndilinn Neim*ruaid* meic Aghnoumain meic Paim meic Seura meic Sru & rlo. Cest, caitiat aipgitri na tri primberla iter ainmnighe agus cairecht*air*i? Ni ansa eim, aipgitir Ephr*aid*e cetamus andso sios:— 4155] {illu229.1} aleph [34](javascript:footNote('G502003/note034.html')) id est doctrina .i. forcetul. {illu229.2} beth [35](javascript:footNote('G502003/note035.html')) i.e. domus .i. tech. {illu229.3} gemel [36](javascript:footNote('G502003/note036.html')) i.e. plenum .i. lan. {illu229.4} deleth [37](javascript:footNote('G502003/note037.html')) tabalarum .i. clair. {illu229.5} hee [38](javascript:footNote('G502003/note038.html')) i.e. ista .i. andssou. 4160] {illu229.6} uau [39](javascript:footNote('G502003/note039.html')) i.e. prinncess [40](javascript:footNote('G502003/note040.html')) .i. tigerna. {illu229.7} sdai*n* [41](javascript:footNote('G502003/note041.html')) hec i.e. is he. {illu229.8} heth [42](javascript:footNote('G502003/note042.html')) i.e. uita .i. beutha. {illu229.9} teth [43](javascript:footNote('G502003/note043.html')) i.e. bonum .i. maith. --- p.230 {YBL folio 234b14} {Eg folio 71 1b30} {illu230.1} ioth [44](javascript:footNote('G502003/note044.html')) prinncipium .i. tossach. 4165] {illu230.2} cap [45](javascript:footNote('G502003/note045.html')) i.e. manus .i. lamh. {illu230.4} lamiach [46](javascript:footNote('G502003/note046.html')) sum cordis, disciplina. {illu230.5} mem [47](javascript:footNote('G502003/note047.html')) i.e. excipsis .i. uaitib. {illu230.6} *n*un [48](javascript:footNote('G502003/note048.html')), sempiternum .i. co suthain. {illu230.7} samet [49](javascript:footNote('G502003/note049.html')), adiutorium .i. furtacht. 4170] ith .i. ri. {illu230.8} in, fons sum, oculus .i. topur no suil. {illu230.9} fe, osa ab ore non ab osse [50](javascript:footNote('G502003/note050.html')). {illu230.10} sade [51](javascript:footNote('G502003/note051.html')) iusticia .i. coir. {illu230.11} cop [52](javascript:footNote('G502003/note052.html')) uocacio .i. gairm. 4175] {illu230.12} res [53](javascript:footNote('G502003/note053.html')) capites .i. cend. {illu230.13} sen dentium .i. fiacla. {illu230.14} tau .i. signa .i. comarda. Finit disin. Aipgit*ir* Grecda suon*d*a:— 4180] A alpa (i). B beta (ii). {illu230.} gama (iii). {illu230.} delta (iv). E ersion (v). 4185] Z steta (vi). [54](javascript:footNote('G502003/note054.html')) H eta (vii). {illu230.} teta (8). I iota (ix). K kapa (x). 4190] L luta (xx). M imos (xxx). N oz xl. {illu230.} csi lx. II phi [ó] lxx. [{illu230.}] 700. 4195] --- p.231 {YBL folio 234b44} {Eg folio 71 1b37} Fi [p] lxxx. 3 [sampi] {illu231.1}900. um [k] lxl us pro [r] centum us csima [s'] centum ono[55](javascript:footNote('G502003/note055.html')) us uu [t] tri centum. 4200] [ ] xc. hi [H] cuic cetus f psi 3 [sampi] nai cet us uio [y] seacht cet us tau [da oo =w] uocht cet. 4205] *Finit disin o Domnall ua Aoda & doberim mo secht mallacht & mallacht Dia dob*er*air air sin di ollo*mai*n Ó Maolchonaire. Is olc in cu*m*ain dam cuige so é— uile raot & is damsa is mo dobeir se cunain (?) aithigh uile.* 4210] Aipgitir Lait*ianda* indso. *a* i.e. prinncipium .i. tossach. *b* i.e. iusticia .i. indrucus. *c* i.e. utili*t*as .i. tarbdacht. *d* i.e.fortitudo .i. nert. *e* i.e. duailitas .i. eath*n*adh [56](javascript:footNote('G502003/note056.html')). *f* i.e. ueneracio .i. ogmoir [57](javascript:footNote('G502003/note057.html')) *g* i.e. pietas .i. trocaire. *h* i.e. *h*ilaritas .i. subachas. *i* i.e. regnoum .i. 4215] flaithemnus. *k* i.e. religio .i. craph*acht*t *i* i.e. nobilitais .i. nertmairecht. *m* i.e. dignitas .i. diuiti. *n* i.e. recongnitio .i. aithne. *o* i.e. onora (sic) .i. onoir. *p* i.e. opsequium .i. umla. *q* i.e. lux solis .i. griansolustur. *r* i.e. pulma [58](javascript:footNote('G502003/note058.html')) .i. fertain. *s* i.e. dies et nox .i. la & 4220] adaig. *t* i.e. pax .i. sithchain. *u* i.e. aqua et ignis .i. uisgi & teine. *x* i.e. longa uita .i. betha fota. *y* i.e. aurum .i. or. *z* presiositas .i. loghmaireacht. Is e in feur cetna tra Fenius Farsaidh (rainic) na ceitheora haipgitri asrubartam*ar* .i. aipgitir Greccda & 4225] aipgitir Ephraidhe & aipgitir Laitianda & in bethi-luis-nion --- p.232 {YBL folio 234b30}{Eg folio 71 2a16} an ogaim & is aire is certi in deigenach ar is fa deoigh arichta in beithi-luiss-nion an ogaim. {illu232.1} .i. a sgrip*hend* a n-aontapaill a ropatar roimhe uile no 4230] comad he fath arriachta aipgitri ind ogaim & sgribhind na n-aipgit*ri* oile i nd-aontapaill .i. aipgitir ind ogaim imalle, ut diximus .i. uair itait .u. forfeuda agin Gaidilcc & rola a guth*aigi* for leith a n-urd aipgitri o consanaip, non sic na haipgitri aile acht a *c* cumusg atat inntip uocales 4235] & ar b*a* coiger ar fhichit lion na sgoile is aire is he lin aipgitri in og*aim* & it e an anmanda fordota in bethi-luis-nion an og*aim*, conid uadh rolaiti for leith. It e in anmanda fordota iarum, ut est {illu232.2} Asberat araile conid deich feudha airedha filit and & it e 4240] an tri dofhourmaghat frisna vii tuas, uill*eand*, ifi*n*, emancoull, conidh aire rolaiti four leith {YBL folio 235a1}. Ismberait araile co nnach o dainiph itir ainmnigther aipgitir (no fedha) in ogaim isin Gaidilcc acht o chran*d*aiph cin cob aithionta in*d*iugh araile croind diph, ar atat tri hernaile for 4245] cran*d*aiph .i. aire feudha, & aithig fedha, & losa feudha *et* uaithibh sin ainmnigter feudha ind ougaim. Aire fedha quidim: dair, coull, cuillen*d*, aball, uindis, ibor, gius. Aithig fedha: fern, *sail*, bethe, lem, sceu, caorthan*d*, crithouch, droigen, trom, feorus, cran*d* fir, feithlend, 4250] fidhout, fion*d*coull. Lousa feudha .i. aitend, fraoch gilcach, rait, eidhend, driss, spin, leclo .i. luachair & rlo. Beithi di*diu* o beithe rohainmnig*ther* ara chousmalius fri cois an beithi, ut dicitur: Feochuos foultcain .i. beithi. 4255] & is airi sin is a mbeithe rosgrip*ad* in ceutna hainm ougaim tuccadh a nEir*inn* .i. secht mbeithe tug*tha* do Lug mac Eithl*enn* .i. bertar do ben fo shecht a --- p.233 {YBL folio 235a12} {Eg folio 71 2b1} sidhaiph uait nisi eam custodieris .i. muna coimhéta tu hi. Et is airi sin beoss sgript*hair* bethe i dtousach aip*gitri* ind 4260] ogaim. Luis dono is o cran*d* rohainmnigther .i. o chaorthan*d* uair luis ainm do chaorthan*d*, isin tseunGaidilcc, ut dicitur li sula luis .i. caourthan*d*, ar ailleacht dath a chaor. Fern dono is o cran*d* rohainmnigther .i. fern, ut dicitur aireun*ach* Fian fern ar is di dogniter na sgeith. 4265] S*ail* di*diu* is o chran*d* rohainmnigther, ut dicitur li ambi soil .i. nembi soil ara cosmalius a datha fri marph. N*in* dono is o chrand rohainmnigther .i. o uinnsin*d*, ut dicitur coscrad sidhe ni*n* .i. uin*d*is .i. ar is di na croind gaei triesa cosgarthar an sith: no costad side uin*d*is .i. nin 4270] giniol garmno dognither do uin*d*is .i. ar isinn aimsir tsidha togb*ai*th*er* garmna. Huath dano is o chran*d*rohainmnigther .i. sge, ut dicitur comdal qua*n* uath, ar is uath mor hi ar a deilgniph: no is mi*n*ic la cach comdail ic sgiaigh. Duir dono is o chrand rohainmnig*ther* .i. dair, ut dicitur airdem 4275] dosaiph dair. T*inne* dono is o chran*d* rohainmnigther .i. cuil*end*, ut dicitur trian roith tinne .i. cuil*end* ar is cuil*end* in treus fidh roth in charp*aid*. Coll dono is o chran*d* rohainmnigther .i. coull, ut dicitur cno-car fer .i. cach ag ithe a cno .i. coull: no ith-car fer: no 4280] cain-car fid. Queirt dono is o chran*d* rohainmnigther .i. apall, ut dicitur clithour baisgell .i. eilit. Quiert (.i. cli) .i. abull, oe*lit* gelt queirt .i. apall. Muin dano is o chran*d* rohainmnigther .i. finemain, ut dicitur airden maisi mui*n* .i. finemain .i. iarsani fasas a n-airdi .i. finemain. Gort 4285] dono eidheand, ut dicitur glasibh geltaip gort .i. eidheand, Ngedal .i. gilcach nuo raith, ut dicitur luth lego ngedal .i. gilcach no raith, ar is luth laisna legaib & coibnes iter *k* & *ng*: no miod*ach* ice .i. ar imad a ice no *.i.* gilcach no raith. S*traif* dono .i. droig*end*, ut dicitur aire sraba 4290] ssdraibh .i. droig*end* no straif .i. saididh nell .i. a dhe --- p.234 {YBL folio 235a38} ssuass. Ruis dono .i. troum, ut dicitur ruamna ruici ruis .i. trom: no ruamna ruisg .i. teine truim. Ailm .i. o*ch*tach: no ailm airdeumh iachtadha .i. feth .i. fe *ue*, at uath feirrdris: no ailm, id est, quaisi pailm a 4295] palma. O*nn* .i. aitend, ut dicitur cudnoudh eich .i. aitend no echlaisg. Ur .i. fraoch, ut dicitur guiremh dal .i. frech. Edath .i. edh uath .i. crand fir no crithach, ut dicitur erchra fer fe fe flesg. Idedh .i. iobhar, ut dicitur sio*n*eim fedha iobair: iobhar .i. eo barr *simper*. Eba .i. 4300] crithuch, ut est snamchar fer. Oir .i. feoruss no edlend, ut dicitur tuathmar fidh .i. eithlend, ut dicitur sruith*em* aicdhe feorus .i. fiarses. Uilleand .i. eidleand. ut dicitur tuathmar fid no edleand. Ipin .i. spinan no spin, ut dicitur millsim fedha pin .i. caor. Em*an*coll .i. 4305] umda a fedha: no emancoll .i. gabar emancoll ar ach cia gabar ar aill .i. midiuiti, ut dicitur oud saothaid .i. uch: no emancholl .i. seim muin caol. Uch is tinn mo chorp[59](javascript:footNote('G502003/note059.html')) {YBL folio 235b1} Anmanda fiodh tra sin uile amal foghaphar isin 4310] Duili Feudha, & is uadaiph ainmnigter feudha in ogaim isin Gaidilc & nochan o dainip itir ut aili dicunt. Cesc, ciss lir a cumang? Ni ansa. Lancumang inntib uile iter fedha & taobomna co nd-ourba huath .i. amal bes a n-aign*ed* cidh mor cidh bec iat. Is imne innister isin 4315] Cin Oull*am*an .i. ceithirtsliocht fedhair for fedhaib & taobhoumnaiph .i. cumang & ecumang lancumang & lethchumang: cumang a forfeudhaiph, ecgumang a muitibh, lanchumang a fedhaiph; lethchumang i lethgutaibh. Itberat araile is tretslicht is coir and .i. 4320] lanqumang a muitibh ar ni bfilet lethguta lasin nGaidel. Treidhe dogni uath .i. bog*ad* *et* seimhug*ud* & urdip*dad*. Bog*ad* cetamus: for taobomnaib & isna ndiaigh do-ecaiph --- p.235 {YBL folio 235b12} {Eg folio 72 1a17} doibh .i. do *p* & do *c* & do *t* & do duir & do gourt. Iersin Laitneoir, immorro, bidh tinf*ed* ar gach taobomna don 4325] Gaidilc & seimiugud for gut*haig*iph *&* is rempa do-ecaiph doiph. Boucc*ad* beithi, sop; bouc*ad* cuill, cloch; bogad tin*d*e, ath; bog*ad* duir, sodh; bogad guirt, magh. Seimugud dono for taophomnaibh & is rempa do-ecaip doiph. Seimiugud uatha, Phatraig. Seimhiugud *d*, dhamsa, 4330] dhuitsi. Seimiugud *b*, a bheun. Seimiugud *c*, a cheun. Seimiugud tin*d*e, a thir. Seimugud *g*, a g*hra*d, a oghda. Seimugud ar gutaibh & is rempu do-ecaiph doibh. Pidh dano tinfed ar gach taoboumna in*d*sa Gaidilcc. Boccad *b* c*etam*us: amal ata Bhatraig, ar as uath bogas in 4335] *b* fil and; ar ni bi *p* lasin nGaid*il*c. Seimugud uath*a* amal ata a Phatr*aig*; ar cia beith uath and, is seime ina *a* n-aill. Airdip*dad* (.i. o rodipad) sail immorro .i. a shail: airdip*dad* *f*, a fhind, a fhir, in f*h*eudha .i. in taobomna do br*icht* as do raith, ut est am*al* no[60](javascript:footNote('G502003/note060.html')) cin*d*us domiter frisna 4340] taopoumnaiph amal fidha sic fidhau. Iss ed rop*ad* c*her*t and acht uath baidhius in f*er*n, conidh airdip*dad* fil and. Seimugud immorro amal ata a fher .i. ni tét as air ec & ni bí lancumang ind. *Ar at e teora fuillti in Uiraicepto .i. uath & forsail & airnin.* Ni ansa. Huath cetumus. 4345] Is ed fuillius *b* conngaib greim *p*, ar ni bi *p* lasin nGaid*el*. Caiti a deimniug*ud*? Ni ansa. Amal ata ogin Laitneoir: *b* cum aspiracione ponitur pro *p* .i. samaigther *b* co tinfed ar *p*. Dicunt ali cona bi uath araon re *b* do *log* *p* acht bi a aonur ar *p*, ut Presens: buxus pro puxus, ambou 4350] pro ampo .i. *b* inntib sin ar *p*, & ni *b* co tinfed amal adberait araile. Forsail dono in fuilled tan*ais*e .i. doberat for in son dia fattugud, ut est sroun. Airnin is e in tres fuilled .i. in baile i recar a leuss da 4355] --- p.236 {YBL folio 235b37} {Eg folio 72 1 a 24} taopoumna gaip*id* air*n*i*n* greim in dala n-ai, ut est cen*d*; ar ni bi eumhn*ad* in ogaim. *Teora foi*l*cesta in ogaim* .i. quert, {illu236.1} Is iat sin treidhe is coir do imchisin isin ogam. Is aire is teora foirmc*est*u no imc*est*a is coir and ut dicunt ailii: ‘Cia haon fid bog blath 4360] m*or*buan Bis ag ugdar da imluad[61](javascript:footNote('G502003/note061.html')), Geiphius greim fedha is f*or*pai? Is consain i*s* taophomna .i. huath.’ Caiti deochair iter indell & tindell? Ni ansa. Indell int imcom*ar*c & tindell int ernedh. Cesc, caiti deochair itir chin*nedh* & cin*n*tech & 4365] cinntecha son? Ni ansa. Cin*nedh* a n-aip*gitir* Gregdo ar is cinntechem oldas aip*gitir* Eup*ra*. Cin*n*tech*a* an aipgitir Laitianda oldas an aipgitir Grecdu. Cin*n*t*ech*som in bethi-luis-nion uair is fa deoig irriachta. Cia haonfoucal gaibius ar na ceithri hernaile an Airraicepto cin nach 4370] dethbir tomuis na tarmortcind na fedha na foc*al* na forgnuisi? Ni ansa. In focal is aipgitir Gregda & Ebra, Lait*init*as & ogam. Is e in cethir slicht for fedaibh & for *for*fedhaibh .i. fot n-aiccenta {YBL folio 236a1} *et* fot suidigthe i bfoclaiph fotaiph .i. i bfedhaiph airedhaiph: gair n-aigenta 4375] & gair suidigthi i bfoclaip gairdiph. Fot n-aicenta quidim isna forfeudhaiph & gairtsuidigti .i. gairdi iar suidiugud i bfoclaip iet fecht and & fotaig fecht aile, ut est cain cáin, laig láig, coir cóir: no amal ata feur eua a fidh in anma a fhiodh airechda amal rogab i mbreth*aibh* neim*ed* .i. 4380] cenmotha forfeuda a b*fi*l deghafoghar na nguta. Cesc, caiti fout *et* gair inntiph? Ni ansa. Fout i bfeudaip & a forfeudhaibh & gair i taopoumnaiph .i. gairtshuudighti ar is lethaimser for thaophoumna do ghreus .i. a corus forfedh. Asin Cin Oll*am* toucc*ad* in 4385] blog-sa reum*aind* & ni do chourp ind Uraicepta. Cesc, caiti fot *et* gair? Ni ansa. Amal ata nemh, forfedh fil and. Neim, immorro, fidh airr*eghd*o fil and. Nidat inonda suoin frisna da chup*aid* {illu236.2} .i. *e* co ndefogur --- p.237 {YBL folio 236a16} {Eg folio 72 2a33} & *e* glan uerbi Gracia, ut est, seudu óir & sét conaire, 4390] éua and: no seut .i. lep*aid*, is eugad icca sgribend-sidhe ar a cruaidhe. Is an *e* glain teid, is aire sgript*har* eghad and. Sét an teinid immorro tre eughadh a sgrip*end*. Nemh im tal*main*, eua and. Neim nathrach, eghad and 'na sgriph*end*. Min*d*, iphi*n* an*d*. Min immorro, beg, ip*hin* 4395] and. Min arb*a*, immorro, idedh au*nd*, ar deudha ar a dtuc*tha* forfedha itir isin n-aipgitir in ogaim .i. do fregra do defoghur amal ata isnahip br*eth*aibh nem*ed* geunmótha forfedha a bfil defougur na nguta & rlo, & dono do tseimugud foghair forsna feudhaibh, ar is buigi bis isna 4400] forfeudhaibh. Cruas immorro i bfeudaibh airedhaiph: forfedha, ut est nem, eua and: naom, immorro, emhancoull and: nim in uis*g*i, idedh and: fourfeudha idio dicuntur .i. foirithn*ig* na fedha im fout, ar is ed ismbert araile is cuimre foghair fil isna feudhaibh & fot a f*or*fedh*aib*: 4405] no forfedha .i. firfedha: no forfedhai .i. fidh for fid inntib: no forfedhai .i. for eudha ar no-sechantais iat: no forna feudhaiph atat and for ail & ni for a n-aild: no forfeuda dono it inan*d*a & na defoughair .i. in defoghar fil inntiph, amal ata peun, & bein dogeuntai de mina beth defoghur 4410] is amlaidh na forfedha. Cion*n*us on & ebai a fidh in anma intan isberar fer? Ni cotarsna inní sin arin defoug*ur*. Is cumair sidhe & ni bi fair achd aimser co leth nama anas mode. Di aimsir dono forsin nguth*aig*e fouta. Cia bat gairit iarum in defoghar reum*ain* inrathoighti. Ceunmota 4415] do*no* an fed, connicc comard*a*d fuit & gair inntib amal itber in Laitneoir: sircumplex four na sillabaib foutaiph, ut est do, si,& rl.: acuit four na sillabaib cuimribh, ut est pax & rlo. Eba .i. eadhad pudhein. Oir .i. oun*n* iar bfir. Uilleand .i 4420] *u* uile and. Ipin .i. *i* budein. Emhancoll .i. emh*nad* col a fuath .i. fuat cuoill emn*ai*th*er* and. Atmberat araile --- p.238 {YBL folio 236a45} {Eg folio 72 1b19} dono ebad & oir is ar fheudhaibh fotaibh atat: uilleand immorro is ar *y* fo meudont*aig* no is ar *ú* fo medhont*aigh* ita: ipin is ar *í* fo medhont*uig* ita: no is pin is coir and 4425] ar *p*. Emhancoll dono is ar *x* ata fri foimdin na foc*al* nGregda no Laitne do thaphairt isin Gaidilc & is aire raiter emhancoll friss, ar is coll indara taoboumna fil an *x* & is {YBL folio 236b1} aire is coll roheumnad and & ni sail ar is toissecha coll an ix quam sail. 4430] Connaghar dono isin beithi-luis-nin an ogaim caiti in fidh gaipius greim taoboumna & an fidh ghaiphius greim da thaoboumna .i. in fidh gaiphius greim foucail & in fidh na geiph greim taopoumna na fedha na foucail. Is e in fidh gaiphius greim taopoumna quidem .i. 4435] fidh a ndiaigh araile .i. fidh bis araon re primfidh a foc*uil* no araon re defogur i n-aontsillaib, ut est feoil, beoir, Briain, & rl.: no fidh tet a gconsanacht, *i* & *u* Fidh gaipius greim di thaopoumna .i. aonfidh frecrus i tomus do diph taopomnaibh, ut dicitur gach da taopomna ar fidh. 4440] Fidh gaiphius greim focail .i. fid laphrus a eonar. Fiodh na geip greim taopomna na feudha na foucail .i. *u* nial*sa*, ut dicitur: nec uocales nec consanantes habentur: no fidh bis a ndiaigh araile, ut diximus. Connaghar dano isin beithi-luis-nin an ogaim taopomna gaiphius greim feudha 4445] & taobomna & foucail, *et* taophomna gaiphius greim da fidh *et* da taopoomna, & da taopomnai gaiphius greim feudha, *et* taopomna gapus greim quicc fed & se dtaopomna, & taopomna gaipius greim foucail, & taobomna na gheiph greim taophomna na feudha na foucail. *Ni ansa.* 4450] Is i an taophomna gapus greim feuda & taopomna & foucail .i. *q*. Et taophomna gaibhius greim da fiodh & da thaoboumna .i. nged*al*. Et da thaopomna gaiphius greim fedha .i. gach da thaophomna ar fidh a thomais. Taopomna gaiphius *greim* v bfedha & se dtaophomna 4455] --- p.239 {YBL folio 236b19} {Eg folio 72 2b3} .i. duir i n-ait dinin disail. Ni machtnadh intan gaphus greim na coic bfedh & na se dtaophoumna, cia nogap*had* greim da fiodh & da thaopomna. Taopomna gapus greim tri bfidh & ceith*ri* dtaopomna .i. sail a n-inad for*s*ail. Taopomna gaphus greim focail .i. taobomna congaib 4460] greim forpaidi. Taopomna na geibh greim taopomna na fedha na focail .i. taobomna die dtogaiph *h* cend conad marbh do raith, no uath budein. Cest, cis lir deach dochuisin? Ni ansa. A houcht .i. dialt, regcomrac, iarcomrac, feiles, claonre, luipenchous*sach*, 4465] claidemnus, bricht. Deach .i. daghfuach .i. focal intan is dialt: dagh .i. maith: fuach .i. focal invenitur. Daghfuach intan is regcomrac, dib fuigther intan is sreth. Dialt .i. di fo diultad co nnach bfuil alt and: regcomrac re i gcomraic*it* in da tsillaib umann alt .i. (no) re iarsin 4470] comarc int alt tanaise. Iargcomrac .i. iar comraigit .i. iarsin comrac int alt iachtarach .i. iar gach ndeighenach .i. comarc in (tres) sillab forsna da tsillab*aib* toisseacha. Feiles .i. fillis na lama .i. fill*ed* luis .i. lam .i. baile ata fill*ed* an duir*n*: no filis .i. fis fillti: no 4475] fo lais cebe dib*er*ius .i. leisin mbfilid, uair is cudr*um*a di tsillaib di gach leith de. Claonre .i. claon indara re .i. a do ar an dara leth & a tri ar in leith aile. Luipencoussach .i. an coss cona luibnib .i. na c*oic* meoir & in traig in seissedh da*ib*. Claidemnus .i. claid*em* manus .i. manus 4480] lamh, & claidem na laime in slin*d*ean, ar is he in sechtm*ad* dialt claidemnus. Bricht .i. brigh a hoc*h*t .i. brigh briathar .i. hocht mbriathar and: no bricht iarsanni br*igh*tar ocht sillaba and cenmota a taobomna agin bfilid & consain agin Laitneoir. Aenfid a ndialt, a do a 4485] recomarc, a tri a n-iarcomarc, a cethair a fheilius, a cuig a cl*aen*re, a se a luipencoussach, a secht a clouidemnas --- p.240 {YBL folio 236b42} {Eg folio 72 2b38} a hocht a mbricht, ceinmóta taobhomna andsein da*no*. Is aire sin ni tall*a* in trefogur a nd-aonndialt. Is e int ainm airme a tri no a ceuthir. It iat na 4490] hanmanda uird airme primus, secundus, tersius: a tress .i. anmanda uird airme iar bproiss, & anmanda uird airme immorro iar n-aigned. Is si sin in dethber airme anforbhthe amal rogabh a tri no *a* cuig, ar nach fuillter o chouitibh. Caiti sechta in ochta ind Uraicepto? Ni ansa. 4495] Intan is ocht ndialta a mbricht is and it secht n-alta and .i. dialt co gceill: cuig litri and a n-us moam de, ao*n*lit*ir* a n-us lughamh dei .i. ig sloindedh ceilli comhlaine. {YBL folio 237a1} Rosaig a lagat co haonfid. Cid timarda iar*um* eba isini is fer, ni luga is defoughar ind sin 4500] chena. Ni la Gréugda iss defougar sin. Cidh fodera in cotarsanai & na coig feudha & na secht fedha & na x bfeuda iar bfuill*iucht* aile? Ni ansa. Na cuig fedha cétumus: ag fregra dona cuig guth*aig*ib t*u*c na secht fedha fregra dona defograiph tuc .i. *ea oi*: na x feudha, 4505] ipin ar defougar, ata emhancoull ar x no ar emn*ad*, ata pin ar *p*, conid x samlaidh. Iar n-Uir*aic*echt Muimn*ig* so. Caiti bunad & in*d*e *et* airbert, coitchend & diles, ruidles & indles isin bfoucal is deach? Ni ansa. Bunad quidem oni is deach us Grecum nomen. Defuach a inde, ut 4510] diximus. A airbert .i. troig o dialt go bricht, ut prodiximus. An troigh lasin Laitneoir is deach a ainm lasin bfilidh, ut Donatus dixit: Pes est sillabarum et temporum cert*a* enumeratio .i. ita in troig .i. an chous conad airmideta derbh na sillab *et* na n-aimser icon 4515] Laitneoir. Ata dono airmideta derpta a sill*ab* .i. ceithri troigi desillae*baig* *et* a houcht tresill*aebaig* & a se dec emnaiti & troig*id* *et* aimsir agan Gaidel o dialt go bricht .i. sillab forbes cech deach dip di araile isin Gaidilcc, conidh --- p.241 {YBL folio 237a16} {Eg folio 73 1a18} a hocht samlaidh a mbricht conid airmideta deurph sin 4520] o haontsill*aib* conicce a houcht. Ocht sill*aba* (.i. minabdis ecsamla) isin pfoc*ul* is mo isin Gaidilcc, ut est fianam*ail*echaradhar*ta*i & inrocomraircnigsiomair*n*e & rlo. Foc*ail* doilphdi so rodolpset fil*id* na Gaidhilcci *et* na Laitne a n-agaid araile dia mbreith re 4525] sechtu. *Teora* sillaba x isin bfoc*ul* is mo isin Laitin, ut est teinerifficabiletudinetatibus. Cesc, cia roich dialt a meut ogus a laighet? Ni ansa. Rosouich a laighet co haonfiodh .i. ag sloin*d*edh cheille comlaine & is fouc*ul* so, ut est *a* & *i* & *o* .i. *a* sleibhe & *o* 4530] forcin*d* & *i* inis .i. I Cholaim Cille, amal ata A' Chuisi & A' Chairtend i Sliab Luachra .i. anman*d*a sleibhi sain*riud*, ut dixit Mac Da Cerda:— > 1. Dam congair iter da a, > > Fongluaisi glaodh gulp*an*da, > > 4535] Is uall*ach* int arganda > > La tricha segh (.i. os) lurganda. > (.i. dialt co ceill andsin, coic litri is mo do, lit*ir* is luga). Rosoich dano co a cuicc a mét, ut est flesg & triosg, brisg, sgailp, tracht, *et* bricht .i. epaid, *et* bracht .i. ut est:— 4540] > 1. Conberbtar brachta > > *A* n-ebron bru, > > Feisi gan lachta > > Na*ch* fuor tnu (.i. teine). > Ni airm*ither* *h* isna foclaib deighenchu, ar ni lit*ir* fiadha 4545] amal adbert in Laitneoir: H non est litera seut nota spiracione .i. nochin fuil uath conidh litir acht ata conid not tinf*id*. Tinfed .i. tinugud fedha .i. neimtniug*ud* .i. a chor as do raith. Gach dialt iar*um* imatorm*aig* fria araile cocumaong cech ao*n* foc*ail*. Deich co houcht *i* mbricht 4550] & is he meud & laiget cecha Gaidilci o dialt conna n-athgap*ail* --- p.242 {YBL folio 237a36} {Eg folio 73 2a7} diplínaiph .i. co gcumangar do gach dialt diph iarna tinol deach. Isin mbricht a mbit ocht sill*aba*. Etargairi a n-in*n*sgib: is e, is i, is eudh, iar macaib Miled: masgoul, feim*in*, neot*or* lasin Laitneoir: uin*d*se, 4555] uin*d*si, oun*d*ar, iar bFeraib Bolg: moth, touth, traoth*ad*, la Tuaith De Danann. Is e punad gacha Gaidilcci dialt acht moth toth traoth. Madh iadsidhe is iat fein ata bunad and, ar ni bfil nach focal Gaidilici na bud indip-sut dano. Mod (it) gach ferda, gach feirindsgi. Toth cach 4560] banda, gach ban*da* indsgi. Traoth gach meot*or*, gach neotarda, iss ed bunad gacha Gaidilci & rlo .i. ar ni dialt is buonadh doibsidhe ar ni bunad aonreud dobudein: nuo nit dat bunadh Gaidilci indso acht it bonnad cecha c*e*n*iuil*. Masa cen*el*, caiti in cin*el* dianat bunadh? Ni 4565] ansa. Moth .i. gach ball ferrda & gach cuma ferrda. Toth .i. gach {YBL folio 237b1} mbannda no gach baull bannda *et* gach cuma bannda oulchena. Traoth*ad* .i. gach neut*or*dai .i. gach (no n*ach*) nectorde .i. gach cumai neimnecht*or*da .i. gach cuma neimecuscdai: no dano is bunad gacha Gaidilcci 4570] dialt acht mouth touth traoth. Iss ed is moam lem cheuna ciasa bunad Gaidilgi is bunad ceinil: no dono ni dat dialta it*ir* amal ata moudh mo a odh .i. in ceol is mo ina in ceol is luga amal rogaph ant aidhpsi a nDrui m Cheutai: no mo a fedh a n-airdi intan is tourand no caint. Toth 4575] .i. tai a oudh an ceol mbec a n-athfheugadh an ceoil is mo .i. cronan no certan: no toth taoi a edh no a oudh intan is fem*in*: no tai a edh intan is fouta ron-cluine no ron-aile is tai *et* is isliu quam a n-aill. Toth .i ar ani traothait na ciuil isli na ciuil ardai .i. sdocairecht no 4580] cornairecht: no troeth .i. traothaig, traotus in tan is cruit fo bith is caile & is cr*uaidh*i quam ani aile is traoth: no traoth treith a eudh no a odh fria feugad feimin .i. --- p.243 {YBL folio 237b16} {Eg folio 73 I b 6} masguol: no dono moth & touth & traoth .i. anmanda ball ferrda *et* bannda & neot*or* amal itbeir in Laitneoir: Nomen 4585] membri uirilis et nomen meimbri mulieris et nomen membri naturalis & is at foca*il* Grecdu issin cias a Laitin ata deismerecht dip & is aire nadat dialta, ar ni failit o neoch & ni failt*er* uath*aib* acht mina ndernt*ar* mot for moth & tot for toth & troeth for traoth. Ismberat araile comdis 4590] anmand aidhm*i* ciuil. Caiti a deimhniugud? Ni ansa. Moth mo a odh intan is cruit. Toth .i. tai odh intan is bin*d*e .i. is tai *et* is isliu quam i n-aill. Troeth .i. traoth*aid* in dias aile intan is stocairacht fo bith is airde a faidh is aire is traotha doiph. Is e so tra a chumair is he bunad 4595] gacha Gaidilci dialt .i. o regcomarc co bricht & ni bunad he do e*n*tsill*aib* amal roghaph mot tot traoth & is ar gach ndialt tugait-sidhe i sunda & is aire rothogait-sidhe sech gach ndialt, ar dochuaidh menma friu comdis regcomrac, ar fogabar a chondaill ut diximus. 4600] Domiter alta uadh fri halta daine .i. toimsigter alta an airchetail fri halta duine amal toimsigtir fri gach n-indsge, sic domiter fri gach n-indsge. Cesc, cindus domiter fri gach n-indsge? Ni ansa. Corab cach da dialt f*ri*sgara araile, ut est dair & cair, tiar & ciar, tis cis, tuas 4605] luas; & corab gach da regcomrac frisgara araile, ut est aingeal & daing*en*, lebhar & remhar, duine & mouine. Iss ed a cupaid intan is comfid .i. focal imfr*ec*ra & is comhde*ch* .i. in tarmfortcind. Cidh ara dtugs*um* na foc*lu* sin ar aird sech gach ndialt archena? Is aire eimh 4610] dus-fug-sidhe, ar ata tuigsi ceinel*ach* and (no inntib), cidhad dialta, & ni ce*nelach* dialt*a* archena at*a* andsin. Ni dialt dono cia madh iadsum adberdis ar aird suond, ar ni bunad in reut do budh*éin*. Is bunadh an dialt do gach Gaidilc uadh fein sechtair. Ni bunad immorro e 4615] --- p.244 {YBL folio 237b46} {Eg folio 73 1b1} (no iat) do budein. Ismberat araile comad aire na budh bunadh G*aidilge*, ar ni dialt it*ir* he & ni bunad Gaidilge aroile acht dialt. It e *v* gne in berla thobaigi .i. teip*ide* .i. berla Feine & fasoighe {YBL folio 238a1} & iarmberla & beurla n-etarsgarta 4620] & berla f*or*tc*id*e na bfiled tresinn aigill*it* gach diph araile. Berla Feine tra .i. in Feinechus no araile berla robui ag **Feinius** ar leith. Fasaigh .i. fis oghai na bfiled .i. dliged firfurtacht: no na lurga fuach .i. forsna f*er*oiph, fona, isna, tresna, 4625] fresna, sechna fira & rl: & na diailt n-eterleime, ut est e, es, *et*, in, co, tre, tar, re, fo, fair & rlo. Iermberla dono cuic (no coic) .i. ru*in*, ballorb .i. ball d'f*or*p*a* na filidechta occa muir*n*i .i. miruine & is do can*aid* is ainm ballorb. Gne n-aill do iarmberla .i. ierum, & dono, & tra, & h*autem* .i. ouccus, 4630] acht, *et* gidhed chena, & atat, cesc, cislir, cair, cisne, catiat. Is aire raiter iarmberla de ara secucht & ara cruaidh*i* amal iaran*d*, uair ni heidir a thaithmech. No iarmberla **Iar mac Nema** arrainic fa deoigh & ni fedtar a thaithmech. Berla n-etarsgarta iter na fedhaibh airedhaibh .i. berla 4635] triasa bfil deiliugud na bfiodh n-airedha isinn aonfouc*al* tria na n-indaithmech, ut est (ros) re os intan is ros coille. Ros .i. raidh as intan is ros uis*g*i: no rofhos intan is marbhusge forsa mbi ros .i. roas intan is ros lin .i. ar a luas & ar a tighe fasas. Berla f*or*tc*i*di na bfiled .i. 4640] ford*or*chaidhe amal ismbert in filidh a sgoil **Feinius** .i. etaill .i. etaill aro & *í* inis, etaill uassal & ar a imr*um* .i. ni a*n*fam d'iomr*am* go risu*m* an inis uasal .i. Eire & amal rogabh 'san Imagallaim in Da Suadh no in Da Tuar*ad*: Brimo*n* smitr*ach* .i. brigh briathar & mon cleas: smetr*ach* 4645] .i. smit forr*ach* .i. fourr*ach* neich o smit a cluaisi .i. cleas briatharda donidis na filid fo daigin ecn*aig* go bfourrgitis --- p.245 {YBL folio 238a23} {Eg folio 73 2 b 31} nech tria smiot a chluaisi do tarr*aing*: no smidr*ach* .i. smit cluas & rach rigi, forrach smit ai (?) ainm in cleasa sin. Is e in coiged gne in gnathberla fogní do chach. Ismberat 4650] araile comad he in berla Feine fasoighe na bfiled, & co na ba berla fo leth eit*ir*. Alt go bfeiser cia halt dona secht n-altaib uad .i. i*n* nath, in anair, in laid, in anamain, in sétrad, in sainemain, in dian dona dianaiph. O ssen anon*d* is o deachaibh 4655] tslointer alta ar na rob indsge cumusgai. Nath .i. no fidh .i. in*d*sge .i. anaor anair .i. a n-aor no an-air .i. aon a hiar. Laidh .i. lait*ir* no luater intan is aor: no onni is lapus .i. moulad: no laid .i. lí suad no leth fedh fedh co leith intan is luipencosach fo do reith. Anom*ain* an a 4660] somaine reisna haistibh roimpi. Setrud .i. séd raid no séd rith .i. rith iar scut cin cuibdius cosin lethran*d* ndeigh*en*ach. Sainemain .i. saine a maine risna aistib romaind. Dian .i. dion no dian .i. adp*ol* an .i. di fo diult*ad* connach cutroma a hai reisna haistibh oile. O sin anond .i. 4665] ono sechd primaistibh imach ios o deach adrimtar .i. is ni dona deach*aib* foricfa & is uathaip ata ainmneach*ad* doip .i. dialt a forbai cech rain*d*e in duain & regcomrac a f*or*p*ai* a bforduain, iarcomarc *a casbairdne* & bairdne ar na rob in*n*sgi cumusgcdhai ar na rab prois amal 4670] aisdi na ndaorbard. Lorga fuach .i. lourga focul arusc reire .i. amal biti lorga i lamhaip daoine iga n-imfoul*ang* o p*or*t do p*or*t arna dtaothsatis {YBL folio 238b1} ina lighe, samlaid (imthá) it e andso lorga biti a ngeiniph na bfiled ig fousugud o 4675] foc*ul* d'fouc*ul*: lorga fuach .i. lorga fouc*ul* .i. remtsuidiugud desillae*b*ach biti iter da comuaim focul, ut est Cormac:— Im ba sesach im ba seng & rlo. --- p.246 {YBL folio 238b5} {Eg folio 74 1a16} A dialt n-eterleime .i. aontsillab iter da chomuaim, 4680] ut dixit:— Cia leith co pr*ath* iar gcuairt & rlo. ‘Cia’ iter ‘lound’ & ‘leth’ an dialt n-etarleime. Ita dono lorga fuach & dialt n-etarleime isin rand, ‘im ba’ is he in lorga fuach & in ‘ba’ in dialt n-etarleime. 4685] Fertot a tealgud nae .i. a tealgud duine, ar is nae duine, ut dicitur: Dia nda*m*ad nai for tir .i. dia ndam*ad* in duine for tir, dolleici in duine ceusadh fair. Teit iarum dia fothrugud donn aphain*d*, doleigi sis don bruach isinn uisgi. Arfaomsi eutach imat o neoch aile 4690] i ssuidi. Iss ed isbeir-sim dano fertom .i. ferde dam, briath*ar* cesta uoch (no o*ch*) in*d*sin. Fertot ara cheile fris, briathar gnimach son .i. gnim fairsium o nach aile ailiter. Tét in duine iarum dia fuotrugud don uisgi, doleici don br*uach* sis isinn uisgi. Tot tot, ol in tond 4695] fai .i. ainm don foghar sin dogni an toun*d* frisin duine, tot ua buo bo, go ged an anmanda f*orc*machta do soun .i. do foghar in geinemnai rohainmnigter. Aurland dano ainm d'airell in gai. In adharc duph bís fonn gai, is di arsisider in gai, imtha samlaidh arsisiodhar an 4700] indsge dona deich n-airlondaib-si: no airisider gach indsge dona tri hirlon*d*aip-si .i. is e, is í, is ed. It e andsin irlan*da* ferindsgi & banindsgi & deiminsgi hic, hec, hog, lasin Laitneoir. Se, dai, tri, ceithri urlanda ferindsge indsin. Se .i. is he an fer, da .i. da fher, tri .i. tri fir, ceithri .i. 4705] ceithri fir. Inanda immorro irlanda ferindsge & banindsge o tsi*n* imach. Is aire nach sint*er* sech a ceith*ri*. Si, da, teora, ceitheora urlanda banindsgi andsin: is i .i. is si in bean, di .i. di mnai, teora mna, ceitheoram .i. ceitheora mna. It he & atat immorro irlanda q*oit*cenda iter ferindsge & 4710] banindsge indsin. Is ed immorro irlanda deimindsge, ut dicitur iss ed in ceund fir; herlond ferindsgi dano --- p.247 {YBL folio 238b33} {Eg folio 74 2a12} aontaighius deimin*ds*ge a n-urlan*d*aibh ilair .i. da nem, ut dicitur da fher: no urland indsge .i. remslon*dud* in indsgi .i. banindsge no ferindsge no deimindsge: urlanda 4715] .i. airslin*nen* .i. ainm bis a rin*d*[62](javascript:footNote('G502003/note062.html')) ria sli*nnen* an gai: airell di*diu* .i. iarial .i. iar*n* bis, ar is do is ainm cro in gai, is de airsisiod*ar* in gai fo deredh. Is e urland indsge andsin, ar ni bi erlan*d* gan iarlain*d*. Gne n-aill: Se, da, tri, cethair, .i. da masgal iter uath*ad* & ilar: Si, di, tri, ceitheora 4720] .i. di feim*in* iter uathadh & ilor: hic, hec, hoc .i. do nemtor iter uathad & ilar. Coit*cend* immorro doib iter masgal & feimin & neutor o cethair imach, ut est v fir, v mna, v anmando occu: freisligi foghair no ercro erlapra aroile i*nd*si*n*. 4725] *Cuig fillte xx á reim .i. a cuig*. go hogfegait na fil*id* re uama na hai {YBL folio 239} *& xx gne saorda olchena. Caite iat anmon*da* na n-i*n*adh asamberat cach ai diph do coma dilis budhein? Ni ansa. A nai dib a ndeilb ain*m*ne*d*a & ainseda, & a tri 4730] a ndeilb geinit*li* *et* togarto, a secht a ndeilb togarto & foxlada .i. tri a n-ilor (.i. fillti) & a tri i n-uathad: fer, fir, og fir a n-uathad: na fir, na fer, na fira a n-ilor. Cuig fillti xx f*ri* rei*m* .i. reimnig*iud* an anmo do filliud ina v xx ta v fhegait na fil*id*. Is edh reidhe inde cach anma & 4735] xx gne olchena. Tre brectr*ad* ciall remsuighther friu no is ed sedhait ac eimniugud fillti na fuach .i. na focla .s. cin ainmniugad a n-airemh, & xx *pro* feugait an*d*si*n* .i. segait ut dixit .i. fer diall ata andso sis.* Fer a ainmniugud, in fir a selpad, ar fer a aircill, a fiur a aitrebh, 4740] do fior a dhan*n*ad, a fir a togairm, o fir a foxal, co fir a --- p.248 {YBL folio 239a12} {Eg folio 74 2a3} asgnam, an fer a incousg, i fer *a* inotacht is inand & ainmnech*ad*, og fer a fuirm*iud*, for fer a fortad, fri fer a freisligi do, o fior a fox*al* .i. digbail, la fer a thaophda, iar bf*er* a tiarmoirecht is inand & a inatacht, im fer a timcell, 4745] frisin bfer a torm*ach* is inand & a dhan*n*adh, tre fer a tregdad, dar fer a tairrsge. Is fer a tuarusgbail .i. ainmniugud, fo fer a fouth*ud* .i. a ciall inotachta uathaid, re feur a remudh, ar fer a fresgabail. Feughthar dono a n-ilar na delpa-sai fon gcuma cetnai .i. fir a n-ainmniugud, 4750] na fir a tuar*us*gbail, it fir a incosg, na fer a selp*ad*, dona feraibh a danad, uair ain*m*n*iugud* ag ainmnech*ad*, geinit*il* ag selpad, tobart*hid* ag tin*n*loc*ud*, ains*id* ag faicsin, togar*man*n ag gair*m*, foxla ag dibail no ag fagail, sic in sequentibus: fer didiu eba a fidh an an*m*a, *e* a guta, dialt 4755] a deach. Son aonconngbalach cin alt and iter in da sill*aib*: idedh no ipfin in tselp*ad* no ina reimh intan ismberar fir, ar bit a ndis and ina reim, idhedh and (amal) ata a fir, iphin and o fiur, sic in sequentibus. Is aire *didiu* na hairim eubhai ina reim cia dobeith i n- 4760] aroiliph and, ut est co fer, ar ni bfil acht reim ceille nama i *in cach* mbaile a marand in fid bis a n-ainmniugud isna fillt*ib* tsios. Idedh immorro no iphin bis inntib cach baile na maran*d*, conid aire sin itmberar idheth no iphin, a fidh ina 4765] reim no ina tselpad. Dinin disail a forb*aid* .i. aiccent lasin Laitneoir. Ar at e teora forbaidi docuisin lasin nGaidel .i. airnin & for*sail* & dinin disail. Airnin arding defid .i. deredh na bfocal: no defidh .i. nemhfidh, acht is taobomna: no is 4770] forbaid. Forsail for fout feudhair .i. tairgither fair conit fota: no forsail .i. sail (no ail) fair .i. aimser sech an qumair. Dinin disail ar gair geip*id* .i. gaib*id* fair con*id* gairit. Airnin arding defidh .i. dered na foc*al* no defidh .i. 4775] --- p.249 {YBL folio 239a39} {Eg folio 74 2a35} nemfidh, acht is taobhomna: no is forbaid f*or*s*ail* for fot feghair .i. tairgither. Arnin arding defid: ut est cend, glend & rl.: f*or*s*ail* f*or* fi*d* f*a*d*a*, ut est slogh, sron. Dinin disail ar gair geib*id*, ut est fer, ler, & gach timorta olchena. Intan sgripthar ainm ogaim, is and 4780] sgriptar na forbaidhe so uasa fri rellugud fuit no cuimre no fri tend*ad*, ar ni tuicf*itis* chena; uair amal itber in Laitneoir acuit for na sill*aba* cuimbr*e*, ut est pax, bac, & sircumplex for na sillaba foutaibh, ut est res, sic dober an Gaidel dini*n* di*sail* forsna cuimr*ib*, ut est {YBL folio 239b1} fear, 4785] forsail & for na fotaib, ut est lám; & amal bis graif ar gach aoneip*ert* ilfoclach la hacuit & la sircumplex, sic bis airnin araon re forsail & re dinin disail, ut est cend, sroll & rl. Airnin .i. eirn*id* nion: no airni*n* .i. nion fair, ar is nin sgriphthar ag incosg na forbaidhe sin, ar is nin ainm 4790] coitchend da gach litir iter feudha & taophoumna: no airnin .i. nin fair, ar is he nin cettaopomna riam in rohaircc*ed* in forbaid sin. Forsail .i. sail fair, ar is sail sgript*h*ar ag incosg na forbaidi sin, ar is for fot feghair forsail. (Is) sinedh n-aimsire doforne *s* amal is tiumort*ad* 4795] tornes duir: no forsail .i. forfuill*ed* an foucail conid fouda: no forsail sech in qumair. Dinin disail .i. di fo diultad and connach nion conn*ach* sail sech is duir: no dinin disail disin difuill*iud* .i. nemh- fuill*iud*. Ismbeurat araile as aire sgriphthar duir a ndinin 4800] disail, ar is duir fil ar tus a ndinin disail & is aire sgribthar nion ar airnnin, ar is nin fil fa deoigh and & is aire sgribhthar sail ar forsail, ar is sail fil ar medhon and, uel ut alii dicunt: Ail .i. aimser f*ur*ail sech in qumair. Dini*n* di*sail* .i. ni fidh, ni ni*n* acht is forb*aid*. Disail .i. ni 4805] haimsir fota no diail .i. nemforail .i. nemhfhuill*iud*. Cesc, in ar tomus tuccait i suoun*d* in fouc*u*l is feur? Iss ed eim, ar gen go dtoimsigt*her* iar n-aiccned, toimsighther --- p.250 {YBL folio 239b17} {Eg folio 74 1b23} iar saordat*aid*, ar atcout*ar* alt saorda and .i. fef*ri*ar a chou*n*ail. Atmberat araile na budh ar tomhus 48l0] doberta sound acht ar deo*c*hair iter fedha & forfeudha .i. fot n-aign*id* & gair suidhighti a bforfedhaib, amal ata fer. Fot suighighti & gair n-aiccn*id* a bfedaibh airedhaibh, amal ata alt co bfeisser cia halt dona secht n-altaib an airc*h*et*ail* .i. go bfeisair i*n* nath, in anuir & rlo. 4815] Gne n-ail do ferindsge & do banindsge andsou. Cuicc fillti fichit a reim .i. a cuig go hoghfheughait na filid a bfill*iud* re uama na hai & fich*e* gne saordu do*no* in xx gne saorda sin. Cesc, caitiet a n-aradnai foraib o mberar gach ai dip cum a dhilis fein? Berat eicc*en* uair delp*a*i*t* 4820] filltech*a* Iss *ed* a lion: a tri a n-uathad, & a tri a n-ilar, conid se samlaid .i. fer, fir, og fir, a tri a n-uathadh: a tri a n-iolar .i. na feur, na fir, na fiora. An xx gne saordai sin is deimin eim is h*e* so a n-aradhn*ai*. A do x dibh a forgnuis ain*m*n*ed*a & ains*ed*a, & aon diph a 4825] forg*n*uis geinit*li* & toghart*ada*, & a secht a ndeilph thobartha & foxlaidae, in da fill*iud* dec dibh tieghait a bforgnuiss ain*m*n*eda* & ains*eda*. It e andso ind anmanda .i. ar fer a aircioll, go fer a asgnamh, i feur a inoutacht, sech fer a tsechmall, for fer a fourtadh, fri feur a freislige, iar 4830] bfer a tiarmoracht, im fer a timceall, da*r* feur a thairrsgi, frisin bfer a thormach, tre fer a tregdadh, is fer a tuarusgbail, ut dixit in file:— > 1. Is iat so in da fillt*ech* dec, > > (Dar) lemsa nocha lanbr*ec*, > > 4835] Tiagait a bforgnuis feudha, > > Ain*m*n*eda ocus* ainseda. > Na secht bfillti, immorro, tiaghait a bforgnuis thobart*ada* & foxl*ada* .i. a fior a aitreuph, og fior a fuirm*ed*, fo fior a --- p.251 {YBL folio 239b41} {Eg folio 74 2a16} fouth*ad*, do fir a danadh, do fir a dighpail, iar fir a 4840] thiarmoir*acht*, fri fir a fhresgabail, ria fir a reimn*iugud*, ut poeta:— > 1. Is iat so na secht fillti, > > Nit ernaile adhmillti, > > Tiagait a ngnuisibh glana, > > 4845] Tobharta ocus foxladha. > Aonfill*tech* immorro teit a forgnuis toghorta & geinitli, ut dixit in file:— > 1. In fer a tusdighe tiar tsoir > > Do tsealpad, do toghart*aidh*, > > 4850] Ogus doib araon ni ricc > > Gus mad int aon don fichit.{YBL folio 240a1} > Is iat sin in fiche gne saerda con a n-aradhnaib corraib forra & rlo. Fer di*diu*, ebadh a fiod, idedh no iphin ina reim no ina tsealpad, no is idhedh ina tsealpad & ina 4855] thogairm, ipin ina togart*aid* & ina foxlaid. Eba immorro a fidh ina ain*m*n*id* & ina n-ain*sid* ar chena. Cidh ini is ipin and (?) .i. guth*aig*e inna com*accomal* frisna guthoighibh oile. Cin*n*us didiu a radh com*ad* ipin fiodh in a*n*ma is fir, ar is ididh glan fil and? Ni ansa eim, qumusg nobeith 4860] and .i. di*nin* di*sail* a forbaid ina tsealpad .i. in fir, & iphin a fidh ina reimim .i. don fir, ar is reim gach tuiss*el* on ain*m*n*id* sis: no dono int ipin isb*er* i suond, is ar idhedha ata, ar is o idhedh doinsgain ip*h*in. Caiti dilius feudha a bfeudhaibh, & dilius feuda a bfidh, & 4865] dilis fid i bfedaibh? Dilis fedha i bfedoibh cetumus .i. *a* riasna ceithri guth*ag*aibh oiliph, ar is hi cetlabra gach bi *a* & iacht*ad* gacha mairb ach: dilis fedho i fidh dono .i. is dilis in forfidh ogaim secip fid ina sgripthar. Dilis fidh a bfedhaib .i. amal ata in fidh is defoghar .i. is *ed* is dilis 4870] and an foghar toisech, ar n*i* hairmither in foghar deighenach. --- p.252 {YBL folio 240a17} {Eg folio 75 1b6} Alt go bfeisser .i. go bfesor an aisti dona secht n-aisti bprimda na filidhechta do gne do thomhus. O tsi*n* anon*d* is o deach*aib* tsloinnter alto uadh .i. na rab in*d*sgi 4875] cumusgda .i. o sin anoun*d* is do defuachaib *.i. is do deghfoclaib,* tsloinnter aisti in airchetail, ar na rab indsge cumusgda .i. amal dogniat na daorbaird. Lourcca fuach .i. lairge no lourgaidhe: reimtsuigiug*ad* detsillaebach bis riasna da chomuaim ica saor*ad* ar da gne 4880] *ernail* .i. fogair & claon ceille. Fertout a tealccud nea. Et buo bo *&* go ged .i. anmanda sin rangaut*ar* na filedha tre ealad*ain* d*o*ib do reir foughair. Fertout .i. fer dotuit aund & bou com*ad* a buo on geim nobeith & gedh com*ad* on gedh ghoutha 4885] dobir as nobeith, amal isber in Laitneoir: Nomen de suono factum est .i. fourcaomnagair int ainm don foughar, amal itá condall, sdip, stip. Iss ed a fogh*ar* ica luosgadh. Is aire sin rainicc stipula do anmoim do icon Laitneoir. Tout da*no nomen de suonofactum* .i. in guth trom doni an 4890] duine oga legad for an toin*d* Aurland indsge .i. do airell gai is ainm. Caiti int eurland saorda foghap*ar* conid aicc*ned*? Ni ansa. Urland in gai. Caiti in erland indsge do nach bfasand indsge acht aonindsge .i. indsge in bais? Ni ansa. Indsge 4895] grainde in gai. Caiti int erlond is iarlond, & int iarlond is urland, & int urland is remlond? Ni ansa. Urland in gai *.i. urlond* fodeisin, iarlond doteis, ar is iar gach ndeigheun*ach*, conid he sin int irlound is iarlound & int urlond is remlond .i. antan rosauoigh lar co haireill. 4900] Caiti urland urlainne a n-urlaind? Ni ansa. Ferurlond, beunurlond, nemurlond. Urlond uorl*aind*e a n-url*ond*? Ni ansa[63](javascript:footNote('G502003/note063.html')) .i. b*ean* an fir. Aurland a ndis ind urlond .i. ind eum *a nemh* nou a n-iff*er*n. Aurlanda ilair masgail *et* feimin andso sis: Se, dha, tri, ceithre: Si, 4905] --- p.253 {YBL folio 240a41} {Eg folio 75 1b40} di, teora, ceitheora; inanda insge airme o tsin imach. Is andsin fogabar comrargai il*air* neut*uir* .i. cen url*and* iolair ogaib acht i n-uath*at*i *na*ma. Caiti ind indsge tsaorda fogbur conid aicc*e*n*ta*? Ni ansa. Iss ed in cend, ar as saorda a radh, & se for in duine. Is aiccenta 4910] immorro a radh ris iarna buain de. Cia haonfoucal regcomarcach isna remendaiph {YBL folio 240b1} gebes eungradus .i. greim ceithri n-ernaile dona reimeund*aib*? Ni ansa. In foucal is treghdad & is aitrioph & indotouacht & is asgnam: ar ni bi in tregdad gan int aitreph; ni bi ant aitrioph cin 4915] int indotacht; ni bi int inotacht cin int asgnamh; ni bi int asgnamh cin an treghdad, conid treghdad o tuoin*d* go tuoin*d* t*echtus*. Cia bricht a mbit ocht bfeudha ocon bfilid congeiph an aonguta greim a leithe, ut est sliachta *et* is ogleth andsin & ni certleth .i. a aonar a n-aghaidh 4920] na secht litrioch aile. Cia baile in Uraicept*a* idta in sealp*ad* saordu cin reim acht reim reimraiti, ut est luis ailme no bethe ailme .i. sealpad ita do ailm isin bethe & isin luis? Cia baile i bfoghap*ar* comtath condsained cen tinfed threothaip? 4925] Ni ansa. An bail a mbi ni*n* ria ngourt gan guthaigie eutorra, ut est uinge. Cia baile i bfoga*par* in fidh fourtorm*aigh* iar bfourp*a* na n-ocht sill*ab* isin bfoucal is briocht? Ni ansa. In baile a mbi deufougar isinn ochtmad dialt, is fidh fourtorm*aigh* 4930] indala fogh*ar*. Cie taopoumna gapus greim taopoumna *et* feudha *et* foucail? Ni ansa. Quert. Cia taobomna *na* gabh greim taoboumna na feudha na foucail? Ni ansa, *h*. Caiti bunad ruidliusta in foucail is aipgitir? Apexedebam. 4935] Aipgitir, id est: copula con literarum per se .i. ita in aipccitir ina comtinol lit*ir* cona comfialus: a litera oni is legit*er*a .i. ainm tighe aroile anmanda aitreupus a dtraigh --- p.254 {YBL folio 240b19} {Eg folio 75 2 a 24} maura dienad hainm Molosus & gibe nech adchi tegdus a n-anman*d*a sin foillsigt*her* do fis cecha healadna. Amal 4940] i*s* seud iarum fouillsigius eolus do neoch faicsin na teghduse sin, is amlaid is *edh* fouillsigius do neoch fiss & aicsin lit*ir*, conid airesin tucc*ad* int ainm is lit*ir* o anmaim tige an anman*d*a sin reimraiti for litir cach baile ita: no litera a literatura .i. on fouillsiugud & on coimilt 4945] dob*er*dis arsanta forna claraib ciarta, ar inntib nosgripta ar d*t*us. Condagar bunad & inde & airbert, coitchend & dil*es* & rudlius & indles do*n* fouc*al* is aipgitir*.* Bunad eim di epe ugd*air*: no eipe icon tor. A hairpert dano a 4950] tap*air*t four ni nach inde, ut dicitur: Aipgitir *dno* .i. tossach & rlo. Cach tan tiaghait na foucail sech a n-inde toirne amach co ni nach ni is in*d*e inntib: no comad i in airbert *foc*ail* aithn*igte* eile ar an focal anaithn*igte* .i. tinscetol 4955] no tosach no comad i a n-airbert* réim dia rosuigidh na foucail ut. Beurla n-airperta: coitc*hend* dona litriph uile: diles dona consainib: ruidlius do guth*ag*aibh: indlius a tapairt for lethgut*aib* intan legait & for ni as lugai*de* as a i*nd*e. 4960] In tiasca do fedhaibh & deachaibh & reimeund*aib* & for forbaidh*ib* & alt*aibh* & indsgibh & eutargairip amal roshuidhigti la filed*aib* na sgoile ceuta robaut*ar* ag **Feinius Faurrs*aidh*** ia*r* dteip*e* na Gaidilci doip asna di berlaiph lxx co rotaissealpad do Gaid*el* mac Angin. Ar is he sin 4965] rototh*lustar* ant aonbeurla do teip*e* asna hilberlaiph dona mba haille & pa caine in gach berla dona dib berlaibh lxx. Conid airesin doraisealp*ad* do, conid de dogarar Gaidelc & Gaidil. Nel mac **Feiniusa Farrsaidh** dia dtart*har* Sgouta, ingen Forain*d*, conid dia hainmside raiter 4970] Sguit amal adrupromar. Fer a hainmniugud uathaidh, fir --- p.255 {YBL folio 240b41} {Eg folio 75 2b12} a sealpad uathaid, fir a ainmnech*ad* il*air*, na fir a sealp*adh* ilair, do fior *a danodh uathaid, do feroib* a danodh ilair, in fer a incousg uathaid, na fir a incosg ilair, a fir a toghairm uathaid, a fhira a thogairm ilair, o fer a fox*a*l uath*aid*, o 4975] feraibh a fox*a*l ilair, oc fir a fuirmed uathaid, og feraib a fuirmed ilair, co fer a asgnam uathaid, co feraiph a asgnam ilair, sech fir a sechmall uathaigh, sech fera a sechmall ilair, tre fer a tregdad {YBL folio 241a1} uathaid, tre fera a tregdad ilair, a fer a inotachta uathaigh, a fera a 4980] inot*acht* ilair, fo fer a fort*ud* uathaigh, for feur*a* a fort*ud* ilair, fo fior a fouth*ud* uath*aidh*, fo fera a fouth*ud* ilair, tar fer a tairrsge uathaid, tar feura a tairrsgi ilair, fria fir a fresgap*ail* uathaid, fri fera a fresgapail ilair, fri feur a freisli*ge* uathaid, fri feura a freislige ilair, sic in sequentibus: 4985] feron a formoulad, fer a cod*ud*, feear a mallrugud, rer a deilidin, fefriar a chon*d*ail, fer a aon, fer a lan, ser a chendfochrus tuois, fel a chendfoch*rus* deir*id*. N*i* airecor i diab*u*l .i. ferfir, firin a lug*ugad*, sofer a saorugud, dofer a daorugud, ni hairecour a urard .i. fera, feraibh a urisiol, 4990] feurtot a telcc*ud* nai, fe a aircill calaidh, ni hairecor a aircell fuit, firr a deichned, fe a dichned, & is é iurlond indsge. Cend cridhe fuolach deime teib*id*i in fir. It e sin deismerecht na ndeime teib*id*i in fir isna reimendoibh: 4995] no lanamna an cind, suil & fiac*ail*: lanamna in cride srephand & cru: lanomna in ful*aing*, luorga & tragh*aid*: lanamna in chind, suil & fiec*ail*. Gene dano na lanomna ndeime: abratchor & maula, geine na sula: bun*ad* & leithet, geine na fiacla: tanaig*echt* 5000] *et* dath .i. ban no glas, geine int *s*reupaind: tighe *et* dath beos .i. ruaidhe & deirge gene in cru: ton*d* & lith, gene na traigeudh: croicend & feithe, gene na lurga*n*: no lethor *et* toun*d*, geine na traigedh. --- p.256 {YBL folio 241a21}{Eg folio 76 1a7} Araile dono it e geine na lanomna deime a fuoirpdai. 5005] Ar at e tri geine docuisnet .i. ge*ne* forcometa & gen frithchometa & gen decomhéta. Gen forcoiméta cetumus: amal rogap faircle for glun. Imtha samlaid is fair anuas ginither forsail is focetoir geinither as do belaiph i fiout & gairdi. Gen decométa 5010] dini*n* dis*ail* amal rogap fuil ar dh' feo*i*l ag*us* isin feoil. Is am*laidh* dono dini*n* di*sail* congaib lasin bfoucal o tousach go deired cin urgab*ail* cin urditeun. Gen frecometa airnin amal rogab cnaim mull*aich* & leicne & cnuic & find & nahi nat geiniter lasin dune fochetoir, uair is fo cousm*al*ius 5015] alta duine domit*er* alta uad. Ni taidbeut dono in foucal is air*n*in lasin bfoucal forsa dtouchrauthar foceutoir co mbi fair fo deoigh ardingidh in foucal. Ferdialt co sin anuas. In tiasca do bandialt andso siss: ben, mna, do bein, na 5020] mban, dona mnaib, in mnai, ina mna, a ben, a mna, on mnai, ona mnaib, oc mnai, og mnaib, co mnai, co mnaib, sech mnai, sech mnaib, tre mnai, tre mnaib, im mnai, im mnaib, for mnai, for mnaibh, tar mnai, tar mnaiph. Benon a formoulad, bein a cout*ud*, beean a 5025] maullrugud, ben a ao*n*, ben a lan, ni hairechar a diabal .i. beanbean, gia isberat aroile ni bi nach lan cin a diabal, beinin a lugug*ad*, sobeun a saorugud, doben a daorugud. Ni hairecar a urard .i. beana: airecar immorro mnaa. Ni hairecar a urisil .i. benaib, bentot a telccud nae, be a 5030] aircealla calaith. Ni hairechar a aircealla fuit, bel a cendfochrus deirid, beund a dichned, len a chendfochrus tuis, be a dichned, si & uindsi a urland indsge; oig & glun a deime teipidi; fair & srithiti a lanomna; blas & millsi a geinsidhe; faircli & esgat a lanomna in glui*n*; 5035] *cnaim* & feoil a ngeinid-sidhe: no it e i fuirmth*e* a ngeinsidhe amal reimeipertmor {YBL folio 241b1}. Banndialt co sin. --- p.257 {YBL folio 241b1}{Eg folio 76 1a41} Don deimdialt so sis. Nem, nime, na nime, do nim, do nimibh, in nim, in nimip, o nimh, o nimibh, oc nim, oc nimiph*,* co nemh, 5040] co nimip, sech nem, sech neimibh, for nemh*,* for neimibh, tre nem, tre nimibh, tar nem, tar nimiph. Nemon a formolad, neimh a cotud, neemh a mallrugud, nefriam a chondail, nem a aon, nemh a lan. Ni hairecar a diabal, na a tsaorugud, na a daorugud, na *a* urard, na 5045] *a* urisiol. Forsna, fona, esna, isna, tresna, sech na nime a lourga fuach: o, do, im, co, es, fo, for, e, sech nime a dialt n-eitarleime e. *Ni fogabar a thelga nue. Ni hairecar a air-* cell fuit, nel a cheundfouchrus deridh. Nemm 5050] a deichned, nea a dich*ned*, is ed & oundar a urlanda indsge. Ni hairecar a deime teipidi, ar is deime fodeisin: nell & sduag neime a lanamna deime; dath & airdi a ngeinidh-sidhe: no is he is a foirbti an gen. Dialt cou sin anuas. Finit. Amen. 5055] --- p.272 OGAM ---- {YBL folio 308b44} Caide loc & aimser & persu & fath airic in ogai*m*? Ni 5465] *ansa*. Loc do Hibernia insola quam nos Scoti habitamus. I n-aimsir Brese mic Elathan rig Erenn dofrith. Persu do Ogma mac Elathan mic Delb*aeith* d*er*brathair do Bres, ar Bres & Ogma & Delb*aeth* tri mic Elathan mic Delb*aeith* an*d*se*n*. Ogma didiu, fer roeolach a mberla & a filidecht, 5470] is e rainic i*n*t oga*m*. Cuis airic {YBL folio 309a1} derbad a intlechta & co mb*eth* in bescna-sa ic lucht in eol*ais* fo leth, sech lucht na tirdachta & na buicnechta. Can as fuair ainm iar su*n*d & ret i*n*t og*am*, & caide mathair & athair i*n* og*aim*, & cia cetainm roscribad tri og*am*, & cia fid in roscribad, & cuis ar 5475] roscribad, & cia dia roscribad, & cid ara remtet bethi ria cach, (hic uoluuntur omnia). Ogam o Ogma suo inuentore primo ria sun*n* quidem; iar ret, im*morro*, ogu*m* og-uaim .i. og-uaim, dob*er*ait na filid forsin filideacht trid, ar is fri fedaib toi*m*sit*her* 5480] Gaedelg icna fil*edaib*: athair ogai*m* Og*m*a, m*athair* ogai*m* lám no scia*n* Ogma. Is e so im*morro* in cetna ni roscribad tri ogam, {illu272.1}. .i. in beithi roscribad, & do b*rei*th robaid do Lug mac Etlen*n* roscrib*ad* im dala a mna na ru*c*tha uada hi 5485] i sidaib .i. secht mbethi i n-aenfhlesc do bethi: Berthar fo secht do b*en* uait i sid no a feran*d* ali m*an*is-co*m*eta --- p.274 {BB folio 309a15} b*eth*i. Is aire immorro remitet bethi, ar is a mbethi ro-cetscrib*ad* ogam. Cis lir fogla og*aim* & caiteat? Ni ansa. A iiii: bethe 5490] a v, uath a v, muin a v, ailme *a* v, forfeda olcena. Cis lir aicme og*aim*? Ni ansa. A iii .i. viii n-airigh fedha, & viii n-athaigh, & viii fidlosa. Ocht n-airigh cetus:—fern*n*, dur, coll, muin, gort, straif, on*n*, or. Ocht n-athaig .i. bethi, luis, sail, ni*n*, huath, tin*n*e, quert. Ar 5495] chuit a feda is ath*aig* feda fidlosa olchena. Quot sunt genera i*n* og*aim*? Ni ansa, CL, et figuras eorum et potestates secundum ordinem nuntiabimus, asnedim primus do fedaibh na cran*n* o tuctha an*m*an*d* for fedhaibh i*n* og*aim* secundum alios et alios nominantur. 5500] Cesc, mas*ed*, can asin -ainmni*g*ter feda & taeb*omna* i*n* og*aim*? Ni ansa. Secundum alios quidem is o scoil Fen*ius*a F*a*rs*aidh* .i. scol na filideachta rofaid Fenius fon domun d' fhoglalm na mberla. Bai xxv ba huaisliu di*b* conid iat a n-anman*n*-saide tuctha for bethi-luis-nin 5505] i*n* ogai*m* et*er* feda & taebomna; & bai cethrur ba huaisli dibh-side iterum, conid iat a n-an*m*an*n*-side tuctha forna vii fedaib aire*g*daib {illu274.1} & rotuillset triur eli friu, conid uaidib-side ainmnigter na tri forfeda aile, conad aire deglait*er* ar leth {illu274.2}. 5510] Secundum alios is o fedaib na caille tuctha an*m*an*n* for fedaibh i*n* og*aim* trin-troip. Beithi immorro o bethi na cailli forsin cetna fid f*or* s*et* na aipgitri in og*aim*. Luis .i. --- p.276 {BB folio 309a38} lemh sin isna cailltib. Fern .i. fearn sin isin caill. Sail i*n* og*aim* .i. sail dono sin isin caill. Nin i*n* og*aim* .i. 5515] gi*n*ol garmna no nenaid isna feadaib. Uath i*n* og*aim* cran*d* fir no sce ar a delgaighe insin. Dur i*n* og*aim* dair dono isin caill. Tinne in ogaim .i. quulen*d* no trom isin caill. Coll i*n* og*aim* .i. coll isin caill. Quert in ogaim quulen*d* isin caill no cairthen*d* no crithach. Muin .i. 5520] midiu. Gort .i. gius. Getal .i. gilcach. Straif saildrong isin caill. On*n* .i. aiten no uin*ius*. Ur .i. draighen. Edad .i. eu. Ida .i. ibhar. Ebad .i. elen*d*. Oir .i. feorus. Uill*eann* .i. edlen*d*. Pin in og*aim*, pin dan*o* isin caill, De atbertar caera pin*ne*; ifin dano secundum alios ainm in 5525] feda sin. Emancoll dono .i. coll emnaide iar ret no iar fuath .i. coll dar coll ina fuath. Briatharog*am* **Morai*n*d mic Mhai*n*** an*d*so. Feocus foltchain ar beithi sen isin briatharog*am*, uair an*m*an*d* tuc {BB folio 309b1} Moran*d* uaidh fen for fedaib i*n* 5530] ogai*m* is iat gabus greim feda isin briatharog*am* Feocus foltchain ar son bethi, ar at e sin da egosc in bethi, & tucad uadsan for fidh i*n* og*aim* rogab ainm uad. Li sula .i. luis sin .i. in luisiu. 5535] Airinach Fian .i. sciath ar f*er*n aigiseom sin ar a ndergi ar aenrian: no air is i in fern adb*ur* in sceith tucad --- p.278 {BB folio 309b6} o fernae forsin fid og*aim* rogab ainm uaidhi. Airenach Fian .i. sciath fern sin aig*i*sium. Li n-aimbi .i. li mairb .i. am fo diultad conach beo 5540] acht is marb. Li n-ambi dono .i. sail aigiseom sin, & tugad uaidisium forsin fid n-og*aim*. Cosdad sida .i. ni*n* se*n*: gi*n*ol garmna fri fid e: airde sida sin. Cosdad sida aigi sin o nin na garmna. Conal cuan .i. uath sin, ar is uath la nech conal chon 5545] alladh. Conal cuan do rad re huath i*n* og*aim* ar coib*nius* in anma, ar uath iat ar aenrian. Ardam dossaibh .i. dur sin a dualus a feda isin caill. Trían .i. aill in*d*e sin aniu. Cainiu fedaib .i. coll sin ar a ch*a*i*n*i a fedaibh. 5550] Clithar mbaiscaill .i. buaili .i. boscell .i. gelt .i. basceall .i. is an*d* tic a ciall do in tan degas a bas. Clithar boiscell dono .i. quert sin: no boscell .i. elti .i. edruma iat. Clithar boiscell dono .i. gelti no elti: quert a dualus a feda. Tresi*m* fedma .i. muin leis-*s*i*um* sin .i. ar aentaidh anma 5555] fri muin duine no daim, ar is iat is tresi feid*m* ann. Millsiu f*er*aib .i. gort leis-*s*i*um* sin ar aentaidh *in* anma frisin gort arba. In tan (quum) bis ina fuac*h*on*n*, is --- p.280 {BB folio 309b24} millsi na ga*ch* fer in fer sin .i. in gort arba. Uad-side forsin fid ut i *n*-og*am* ar comaentaidh in anma atura. 5560] Luth legha getal sen .i. ar is luth lasna leigib, & coibn*ius* etir cath & getal. Tresim ruamna .i. straif leis-*s*i*um* sin i *n*-og*am*. Straif iar raet; ar isin straif is tresiu ruamna ic dathadh na raet, ar is i dogni in airget ngeal conad gorm ic denum 5565] airgit decht de. Is i berbthar tresin fual isin or mban co ndene d*erg* de. Tresi*m* ruamna in straif ia*r* raet. Tugad uaid-side isin fid dianad ainm straif ar aentaid anma aturu .i. straif ainm cechtar de. Tinnem ruccae ruis sin .i. on ruidiudh no on r*uis* iar 5570] ret, ar is t*re* r*uis* scribthair, & is ruidhiud fasas a n-aigid in duine tri sug in lossa do cuimilt faethi. Tindi rucae dono do rad frisin ruis o rus no on ruided, ar is tri ruis scribtair-side fen. Ardam iactadh .i. mactad .i. ailm aigisium sin; ar is 5575] ailm (no *a*) adber in duine ac iachtad i ngal*ar*, no ic machtad .i. ag ingantugud secip raeta. Congna*m*aigh ech*raide* .i. onnaid in carpait .i. na roith .i. onn leis-*s*i*um* sin, ar is tri onn scribthar onnaid in carbait. Aliter comguinidech .i. aiten. Tucad uad-side 5580] forsin fid ut dianad ai*nm* on*n* ar aentaid ataru ar is ainm onn do cechtar de; & is on aiten*n* tucad int ainm is onn frisin fidh n-og*aim* secundum alios. --- p.282 {BB folio 309b47} Etiud midach .i. cath. Tucad ua-side for getal. Uaraib adbaib .i. ur aigisium sin ar is do uir in talman 5585] is ainm uaraib adbaib. Tucad uada-side forsin fidh dianad ainm ur i*n* og*aim*, ar aentaid anma aturu .i. ur cechtar de, & tre ur scribthair. Ergnaid fid .i. edad {BB folio 310a1} aigisium sin, ar is don crun*n* crit*h*aig is ainm ergnaid fid. Tucad uada-side forsin 5590] fidh og*aim* dianad ainm edhadh, ar is uad tucad edad fair. Siniu fedhaib .i. idad aigiseom sin; ar is do ibar as ainm siniu fedaib. Tucad uad-side forsin fid ut i n-og*am* dianad ainm idad, ar is uad tucad int ainm is idad fair; 5595] ar is do ibar is ainm idad. Snamchain fheda .i. ebad les-*s*i*um* sin, ar snamchai*n* fid .i. don bran mor is ainm sen. Tucad uad-side forsin fid dianid ainm ebad in ogai*m*, ar is ainm do bratan é & is tri ebad scribt*h*ar side am*al* aipgitir in betha .i. 5600] tre seg (.i. os), eo (.i.) tre eonasc (.i. lon). Sruitem aicdi .i. or iar ret. Tucad uad-side forsin fid ar aentaid in anma fil aturu .i. or ainm cechtar de. Tutmur fid uill*eann* .i. uill*eann* leis-*s*ium sin, ar is do edlen*n* is ainm. Tucadh uad-sidhe forsin og*am* dianad 5605] ainm uill*eann*, ar is uadh tucad uill*eann* fair, ar is do edlin*n* is ainm. Millsim feda .i. pin sin aigisium, ar is do*n* chrun*n* dianid ainm pin is ainm millsium feda. De atbertar caera pi*n*ne. Tucad uad-side forsin fid dianad ainm pin, ar is 5610] uadh tucad pin no ifin air. --- p.284 {BB folio 310a19} Luad saethaig .i. ach no uch, emancoll leis-*s*ium sin, ar gabair emuncoll ar ach gia gabar ar araill. Finit Briatharogam Morai*n*d. *Margin*: Ab*g*it*er* briathairogam Mic i*nd* O*i*c annso 5615] sis. Glaisium cnis .i. beithi sin i*n* og*aim* o bethi na cailli, ar is uad tucad bethi fair; sic in reliquis sequentibus. Cara ceathra (.i. lem). Cara .i. dil lasna ceathra in lem ar a blath & ar canach. Tucad uad-side for luis i*n* og*aim*, 5620] ar is uad tuccad luis fair. Comet lachta .i. ferr*n* in ogaim sin o fern na caill, ar is i coimetas in lacht, ar is di doniter lestair imon lacht. Lut*h* bech .i. sail sin ar a blath & ar a canach. Tucad uad-side ara fid coibhnesa i*n* og*aim*. 5625] Bag ban .i. ni*n* garmna .i. ginol garmna. Uad-side fora fid coibnesa. Banadh gnuisi .i. uath, ar is ban gnuis in duine in tan doberar uat*h* no uamun uimi. Uad-side for fid i*n* og*aim* ar aentaid anma aturu fen .i. uath cechtar de. 5630] Gres saír .i. daír. Tucad uad-side fora fidh coibnesa i*n* og*aim*. Smir guailíi. cuillen*n* sen. Uad-side fora fidh coibnesa in ogaim .i. tinne secundum alios; ar is ainm tindi do cuill*enn*, ut alii dicunt. 5635] --- p.286 {BB folio 310a36} Cara bloisc .i. *coll*. Uad-side fora fidh coibnesa i*n* og*aim*. Brigh an*n*u*m* .i. quert. Uad-side fora fidh coibnesa. Aruusc n-arrligh .i. muin duine. Uad-side fora fidh comainmnig*th*ech. 5640] Mednercc, .i. gort. Uad-side fora fidh comainmnigthech. Moridrun .i. straif. Tucad uad-side fora fidh comainmnightech. Ruamna dreach .i. sug in rois doní ruamna na ndrech 5645] co mbi ruidead intib. Ruamna drech dano do rad fri ruis i*n* og*aim* on ruidead no on rus, ar is tri ruis scribthar side fen. Tosach freg*ra* .i. ailm sin; ar is i cetlabra gach duine iarna genemain *a*. 5650] Fethim saire no fedem .i. onn .i. *o*. Siladh clann, ur les-*s*ium sin, ar is i uir in talman dogni silad na clann cuirtir inti. Silad clann dono do rad o uir in talman do radh frisin fid n-ogai*m* rogab comainm fria .i. ur cechtar de. 5655] Comainm carat .i. edadh isin caill. Uad-side fora fidh comai*nmnigthech* i *n*-og*am*. Crinem feada no claidem .i. ibar. Uad-side forin fidh n-og*aim*, rogab ainm aile uadh .i. idadh. Cosc lobair {BB folio 310b1}.i. elen*n* for in fid i*n* og*aim*, rogab 5660] ainm uad .i. ebad. --- p.288 {BB folio 310b1} Lí crotha .i. or. Uad-side fora fid comainm*nigthech* .i. or i*n* ogai*m*. Cubat n-oll .i. uill*eann* .i. edlen*n*. Uad-side forsin fid in ogaim rogab uaide .i. uilleann. 5665] Amram blais .i. pin no ifin. Uad-side forsin fidh rogab ainm uaid .i. pin no iphin. ### Mucogam in so. Aicme bethi so prius. Finn (*b*), liath (*l*), loch (*f*), cron (*s*), forglas (*n*) Aicme huat*ha* .i. cetoth find (*h*), cetoth leith*e* (*d*), cetdoth 5670] loichi (*t*), cetoth cron (*c*), cetoth forgla*isi* (*q*). Aicme muine: indoth finni (*m*), indoth l*eithe* (*g*), indoth l*oichi* (*ng*), indoth c*ron* (*str*), indoth forglaisi (*r*). Aicme ailmi: orc a cru fin*n*i (*a*), orc a cru l*eithi* (*o*), orc a cru loichi (*u*), orc a cru cron (*e*), orc a cru 5675] forglaisi (*i*). Foraicmi annso: Fororc a cru findi (*ea*), fororc a cru l*eithi* (*oi*), fororc a cru loichi (*ui*), fororc a cru cron (iph*in*), for*or*c a cru *forglaisi* (*cc*). ### Linnogam Aicmi bethi in so prius .i. 5680] B*er*ba (*b*), Luimnech (*l*), Febal (*f*), Sinand (*s*), Nid (*n*). Aicmi huath*a*: hon (*h*), Derg (*d*), Tearc (*t*), Teith (*t*), Catt (*c*), Cusrat (*q*). Aicme muine .i. Muinten (*m*), Gabal (*g*), nGrian (*ng*), Strur (*str*), Rigi (*r*). 5685] Aicme ailme .i. Aru (*a*), Eobul, Uisiu, Erbos, Indiurnn. ### Dinnogam .i. Aicme bethi .i. Bruiden, Lifi, Femin, Seolae, Nemthend. Aicme huath*a*: h-Ochae, Dindrigh, Temair, Cerae, Quorann. Aicme muine: Mide, Gabar, nGarmon, Streulae, Roigni. 5690] Aicme ailme .i. Æ, Ogba, Uisnech, Emain, Iliu. --- p.290 {BB folio 310b23} ### Enog*am* .i. Aicme bethi: besan, lachu, faelinn, segh, naescu. Aicme uath*a*: hadaig, droen, truit*eoc*, querc. Aicme muine .i. mintan, geis, ngeigh, stmolach, rocnat. 5695] Aicme ail*me* .i. aidhircleog, odoroscrach, uiseoc, ela, illait. ### Dathogam. Aicme bethi .i. ban, liath, flann, sodath, necht. Aicme huatha .i. huath, dub, tem*en*, cron, quiar. Aicme muine .i. mbracht, gorm, nglas, srorca, ruadh. 5700] Aicme ail*me*: alath, odhar, usgdha erc, irfind. ### Ceallogam. Aicme bethi .i. **Beanchar**, **Liath**, **Fearna**, **Saigear**, **Naendruim**. Aicme hu*atha*: h**Irard**, **Durmach**, **Tir-da-glas**, **Cl*uain* 5705] ma*ccu* Nois**, **Quell dara**. Aicme muine .i. **Mugna**, **Sruthair**, **Raithen**, & rl. Aicme ailme .i. **Ard macha**, & rl. ### Daenogam .i. Fer no laech ar aicmi bethi: i fer, ii fer, iii fir, iiii fir, v fir. 5710] Minna (no mna) no clerig ar aicme uath*a*: i bean, ii mnae, iii mna, iiii mna, v mna. Oglach ar aicme muine: i oglach, ii oglach, iii oglaich, iiii oglaich, v oglaich. --- p.292 {BB folio 310b39} Mac no gille ar aicme ailme: i mac, ii mac, iii mic, 5715] iiii mic, v mic .i. ae*nmac* ar ailme, a ii ar onn, a iii ar ur, sic in reliquis. Daenogam: Laechesa ar aicme bethi iarsin imraet (no imirt) cetna .i. a i ar bethi, & a ii ar luis, mar sin sis uili. Caill*ige* ar aicme huatha similiter. 5720] Macdachta ar aicme muine similiter. Ingena bega ar aicme ailme similiter .i. oen ar ailm, a do ar ur. ### Ogam tirda. Aicme bethi annso .i. biail, loman, fidba, strathar, nasc. 5725] Aicme huatha .i. huartan, dabach, tal, carr, qual. Aicme muine: machad, gat, ngend, sust, rusc. Aicme ailme .i. arathar, ord, usca, epit, indeoin. ### Rigogam .i. Bran, Labraidh, & rl. & mar sin uile, .i. ainm in righ 5730] tinnscanas on fid do gabail ar in ainm. ### Ogam usceach .i. Glais ar aicme bethi: .i. aenghla*i*s ar bethi, v n. Soud ar aicme huatha: i soud, ii soud, iii s*uid*, iiii s*uid*, v s*uid*. 5735] Abann ar aicme muine: i abann, ii abainn, iii a*ibne*, iiii a*ibne*, v a*ibne*. Tipra ar aicme ailme: i tipra, ii t*iprait*, iii t*iprait*, iiii t*iprait*, v t*iprait*. ### Conogam .i. 5740] Archu ar aicme bethi: i archu *ii archu*, iii a*rchoin*, iiii a*rchoin*, v a*rchoin*. Milchu ar aicme huatha: i milchu, ii milchu, a tri milchoin, iiii milchoin, v milchoin. --- p.294 {BB folio 311a7} Conbuachaill ar aicme muine: i conbuachaill, ii conbuachaill, 5745] a tri conbuachaille, iiii conbuachaille, v conbuachaille. Oirci ar aicme ailme: i oirci, a dho oirci, a tri oirci, iiii oirci, v oirci. ### Damogam .i. Tarb ar aicme bethi: i tarb, a do tarb, a tri tairb, iiii tairb, v tairb. Dam ar aicme huatha: i damh, ii dam, iii daim, iiii daim, v daim. Colpthach firenn ar aicme muine: i colpthach, ii colpthach, 5755] a tri colpthacha, iiii colpthacha, v colpthacha. Dartaid ar aicme ailme: i dartaid, ii dartaid, a tri d*artada*, iiii d*artada*, v d*artada*. ### Boogam .i. Lilgach ar aicme bethi: i lilgach, ii lilg*aig*, a tri l*ilgacha*, 5760] iiii *lilgacha*, v *lilgacha*. Gamnach ar aicme huatha: i gamnach, ii gamn*aig*, iii g*amnacha*, iiii g*amnacha*, v g*amnacha*. Samaisc ar aicme muine: i samaisc, ii samaisc, iii samaisce, iiii samaisce, v samaisce. Dairt ar aicme ailme, & rl. 5765] ### Caech*an*ogam .i. fodailter ainm in duine .i. aicme bethi don leth des: aicme huatha don leth cli: aicme muine don leth des: aicme ailme don leth cli. 5570] ### Loscogam .i. inann iat .i. fogail in anma. ### Macogam .i. ogam ban torrach .i. ainm na mna fodhailter ann mani bera lenum roime. Dia mbera, immorro, lenum, is e 5775] --- p.296 {BB folio 311a24} ainm in lenim fodailter ann; & dia mbe litir forcraidh ann, is mac. Mad coimlin, bud ingen berthair don toirrchius. ### Cossogam .i. mera da laime ar son na feadh imon lurgain & a tabairt 5780] don leth deis imon lurgain ar aicme beithi. Don leith cli ar aicme huatha. Fiartharsna na lurgan ar aicme mui*n*i. Cearttharsna ar aicme ailme .i. aenmer ar in cetfidh na *n*-aicme, a dho ar in fid tanaise, co soised a c*oig* ar in c*oiged* fid secip aicme. 5785] ### Sronogam .i. mera na lam imon sroin .i. similiter do deis & do chli, co fiar, cear*t*tarsna. ### Basogam .i. manus aliam percutit lignorum {BB folio 311b1}. 5790] ### Naemogam .i. ainm i*n* nai*m* i tinnscanfa gabar ar in fid .i., Brenai*n*d, Laisrean*n*, Finden, Sinchell, Nesan. hAdamnan, Do*n*nan, Tigernach, Cronan, Quiaran. Manchan, Giurgu, nGeman, Strannan, Ruadan. 5795] Aed, Oena, Ultan, Ernen, Ite. ### Danogam. Bethumnacht, luamnacht, filideacht, sairsi, notaireacht. H-airchetul, druidheacht, tornoracht, cruitireacht, quislenacht. 5800] Milaideacht, gaibneacht, ngibae, sreghuindeacht, ronnaireacht. Airigeacht, ogmoracht, umaideacht, enaireacht, iascaireacht no ibroracht. ### Biadogam .i. 5805] bairgen, leamnacht, sic usque in finem. --- p.298 {BB folio 311b11} ### Lusogam .i. ainm secip nac*h* losa do ga*ba*il ar in fidh a tindscanfa, ut est, braisech ar bethi, & rl. ### Cend a muine .i. 5810] tairisem fo fid i tosach in anma .i. in fad as a hainm frisa cosmailligeacht tosach secip anma, in fidh sain do scribhin*n* i tosach in anma ar son a anma fen; & deredh in anma do scrib*enn* iarsna fedaib dilsib. Ocus ogum n-airismech ainm ele i*n* og*aim*-sea, ut est, 5815] {illu298.1} .i. certle. ### Cend fo muine dono: Cotarsna int oga*im* remut .i. tairsem fo fid i nderid in anma, a tosach do scrib*enn* iarna fedaib dilsib, ut est {illu298.2} .i. Mael R .i. ruis. 5820] ### Nathair im ceann .i. in fid toisech in anma do scriben*n* i medon na craibi, & int ainm do scrib*enn* co direach uada co dered na craibi; & a scrib*enn* frithrusc co tosach na craibi conid inann ni bis i tosach & a nderedh na craibi .i. dered in anma 5825] issed bis a cechtar de, ut est in hac figura, Ceall*ach*, coimdes a airlegind sis & suas, & is asa medon airlegthar int ainm, ar is ann ita in fid tosach in anma, ut est,