

#An Irish Materia Medica


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#### Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition


### Background details and bibliographic information


An Irish Materia Medica
=======================


Author: Tadhg Ó Cuinn
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### File Description

Micheál P. S. Ó ConchubhairIrish text compiled and translated by Tadhg Ó Cuinn

Donated to CELT by Philip O'Connor, Dublin

Donation facilitated by Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, DIAS, Dublin

Electronic edition compiled by Beatrix Färber

Proof corrections by Beatrix Färber, Niamh Una Mac Daid (Bibliography, Part 5), Rebecca Daly (Glossary, letters a-c, i-z, Part 5)

Funded by University College, Cork, School of History 1. First draft, revised and corrected.Extent of text: 251,845 words#### Publication


CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College, Cork  
College Road, Cork, Ireland — http://www.ucc.ie/celt

 (2019) (2020) Distributed by CELT online at University College, Cork, Ireland.  
Text ID Number: G600005Availability 
Available with prior consent of the CELT programme for purposes of academic research and teaching only. This unpublished edition was donated to CELT, by the family of Micheál P. S. Ó Conchubhair, facilitated by Prof. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha of the School of Celtic, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.


#### Notes

CELT acknowledges permission for reproducing the treatise from MS TCD 1343 from the Library at Trinity College Dublin.

#### Sources


**Manuscript Sources (as listed in the Introduction)**2. Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 1343 (H. 3. 22), pp 47a1–106b2. Fifteenth century. Scribe: Aodh Buidhe Ó Leighin. This is the base of the present edition. For more details, see the relevant catalog entries on ISOS.
3. Dublin, National Library of Ireland, MS G11, pp1–67. Vellum. Completed in 1466. Scribe Donnchadh Ó Bolgaidi, with two or three unidentified collaborators. "Nessa Ní Shéaghdha says, Cat, i 66, that parts of the manuscript may have been written at Woodstock, near Athy, and at Clanmalire, Laois, adding, p. 71, that the copy of the Materia medica may be reckoned among the more complete vellum copies, and that it is more or less akin to the copy in H. 3. 22."
4. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 458 (23 O 23). Vellum; 15th to 16th century.
5. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 464 (23 O 6). "A vellum fragment bound into the volume as pages 19–30 contains part of a Materia medica from Sambucus to Ydor. Is this part of our M(ateria) M(edica)?"
6. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 459 (23 Q 5). Vellum, probably 15th to 16th century.
7. Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, formerly MacKinnon's MS LX. pp 303–463. "This copy, which contains 311 articles, was written in 1611–1614, in the main by Aonghus mac Fearchair mic Aonghuis, in Ardchonnel, for Donnchadh Ó Conchubhair. The scribe appears to be Aonghus Mac Beathadh, son of Farquhar Beaton of Husibost, Skye (see MacKinnon, Cat., top of p. 299)." For updated details, see Ronald Black's catalogue description on ISOS.
8. London, British Library MS Add. 15403. Vellum MS, dated by Standish O'Grady (Cat, p. 222) to the 16th century. It contains 151 of the chapters in the H.3. 22 version, and 14 chapters that are not in H.3.22. Chapter headings were printed by Stokes in the Academy (1888) and are available on www.archive.org. It also contains chapters not in Ó Conchubhair's edition. (See below, p. 14).
9. Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 1334 (H. 3. 15). Vellum, dated tentatively to the 16th century. For more details, see the relevant catalog entries on ISOS.
10. Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 1323 (H. 3.4). Vellum, dated to the 16th century. Scribe: Maghnus mac Gilla na naemh mic an Leagha, by dictation from Tadhg Ó Cuinn. See below, p. 14–15. For more details, see the relevant catalog entries on ISOS.
11. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 447 (23 K 42). The Book of the O'Shiels, written in 1657–58 by Pádruic gruamdha O Siaghuil. (For this scribe and his work see also Introduction by W. Wulff, An liaigh i n-Erinn I n-allod. II, CELT file G600023.)
12. University of Manchester, John Rylands Library, Irish MS 35. (See also Stokes, 'Three Irish Medical Glossaries', CELT file G600018.)
13. Dublin, National Library of Ireland, MS G 19. A transcript made in 1761 of NLI G11. See below, p. 17
14. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 465 (23 N 20). Written in **Musgraidhe**, Co. Cork, in 1794 by Micheál Óg Ó Longáin for his own use in Cuil ui Murchadha, near Curracha Chiopain.
15. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 470 (23 M 38). Written in 1794 by Micheál Óg Ó Longáin.
16. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 460 (3 B 15). RIA MS 459, made by Micheál Ó Longáin in 1829.
17. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 462 (24 M 34). A copy made by Joseph Ó Longáin in 1848.
18. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 461 (24 B 2).A copy made by Joseph Ó Longáin in 1848, stated to have been made from a copy made by Micheál Óg Ó Longáin in 1824, which in turn was made from a copy made by Micheál Ó Longáin in 1761.
19. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 448 (3 A 36). A transcript of the Book of the O'Shiels, RIA MS 447, made by Joseph and Micheál Ó Longáin in 1870.
20. Additional manuscripts containing this tract (in part or in full) have come to light after Micheál Ó Conchubhair's death, when catalogued by Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha and Ronald Black. (1) Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, Adv. MS 72.1.3 (olim Gaelic Ms. III), "?15th cent., vellum. i + 98 ff. Octavo, 17 x 13 cms. A materia medica, with some specifics and a calendar. Written in single columns." "There are altogether 287 articles, and the chief authority cited is Platearius." The translation is attributed to "Tadhg Ó Cuinn, who dictated it to Giolla Pádraig Ó Callanáin." For catalogue description and digital images see ISOS at DIAS.
21. (2) TCD 1326, p. 133–152. The text covered corresponds to MS 1343 p. 59a20–70a11. Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha's description is available on ISOS.
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6. LOGEION, A Dictionary incorporating several dictionaries of Greek and Latin at the University of Chicago, including the Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources (DMLBS) http://logeion.uchicago.edu/.
7. Dioscórides Interactivo: the Salamanca Dioscorides (De materia medica), Unversidad de Salamanca. Estudios y Traducción del Dioscórides, Manuscrito de Salamanca. Traducción: Antonio López Eire y Francisco Cortés Gabaudan. Con estudios de Bertha Gutiérrez Rodilla y Maria Concepción Vázquez de Benito. Editor y coordinador Alejandro Esteller. Available at http://dioscorides.usal.es/.
8. The Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren (http://www.dbnl.org/) has an edition of the Antidotarium Nicolai (including a Middle Dutch version) online. This was edited from Mss 15624-15642 from Brussels, Kon. Bibl. by W.S. van den Berg (Leiden 1917); see http://www.dbnl.org/titels/titel.php?id=\_ant004anti01.
**The edition used in the digital edition**2. An Irish Materia Medica. Micheál P. S. Ó Conchubhair (ed), Interim edition [906 pp.] CELT Project on behalf of Philip O'Connor, Dublin Cork ([1994] 2019)

### Encoding


#### Project Description


CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts


#### Editorial Declaration


##### Correction


Text has been checked and proof-read twice. Corrections made at CELT are marked as such.


##### Normalization


The electronic text represents the edited text. The Glossary compiled for the Materia Medica also contains over 70 extracts, some of them lengthy, from the Egerton 89 manuscript of Lile na heladhan leighis. Editorial corrections and expansions are marked. Text in Latin is indicated. Names are capitalized in line with CELT practice. ‘Auidseanna’ is written plene in section 260, p. 253 for Avicenna; and ‘Gailiden’, section 290, p. 272, as the Irish form of Galenus or Galienus. In the manuscript, spaces were left for large initials which remained unfilled later. These letters have been supplied silently by Micheál P. S. Ó Conchubhair. In the Irish text, the et-compendium is rendered & while in the Latin text of part 3 it is rendered et and marked as an expansion. The editorial variants 'potage' and 'pottage' have been left intact.


##### Quotation


Quotations are encoded in q tags.


##### Hyphenation


Soft hyphens are silently removed. When a hyphenated word (hard or soft) crosses a page-break, this break is marked after completion of the hyphenated word. For better searchability, words straddling a manuscript folio break have been moved back or forward to keep the word intact.


##### Segmentation


div0= the tract; div1= the part, div2= the chapter, div3= the subsection. Page-breaks are marked pb n=""/.


##### Interpretation


Proper names, titles of books as well as medical (med), botanical (bot), zoological (zoo), pharmaceutical (pharm) and some anatomical (anat) terms are tagged.


#### Canonical References


This text uses the DIV3 element to represent the subsection. ### Profile Description


Created: (October 1415) #### Use of language


##### Language: [GA] The text is Early Modern Irish.


##### Language: [LA] Many terms and phrases are in Latin.


##### Language: [GR] Some terms and phrases are in Greek, or derived from it.


##### Language: [EN] Introduction and notes are in English.


##### Language: [ME] Some citations in the Glossary are in Middle English.


##### Language: [DE] A few terms in the Glossary are in German.


##### Language: [IT] One term from the Modena manuscript of the Tractatus de herbis is in Italian.


##### Language: [FR] One phrase in the introduction is in French.


##### Language: [AR] A few terms and words, such as allusal (onion), turbit (turpeth) and Alcanzi (Alchauzi or Alchuzi) are derived from Arabic.


##### Language: [AS] One word is in Anglo-Saxon.


##### Language: [CY] One term is in Welsh.


### Revision History


* (2020-02-12) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* MS TCD 1326 added to sources.
* (2019-07-02) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Reference to NLS manuscript added.
* (2019-05-01) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Bibliographic details added; footnotes added; file reparsed.
* (2019-03-28) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Bibliographic details added.
* (2019-03-20) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Letters I-W of Glossary proofread (2); more content encoding added; file parsed. SGML and HTML files created.
* (2019-03) Rebecca Daly (ed.)

* Letters M-W of Glossary converted to XML, proofread (1); structural and some content encoding added.
* (2018-12-18) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Letters A-C, H-I of Glossary proofread (2); more content encoding added.
* (2018-11-19) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Letters D-G of Glossary converted to XML, proofread (1); structural and content encoding added.
* (2018-12) Rebecca Daly (ed.)

* Letters A, B, C, H, I, L of Glossary converted to XML, proofread (1); structural and some content encoding added.
* (2018-11-17) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* More proofing.
* (2018-11-16) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* File finished at page 646; encoded for structure and content, as above. File parsed and validated; HTML version created.
* (2018-11-14) Philip O'Connor (ed.)

* Foreword and photo of Micheál P.S. O'Connor supplied.
* (2018-11-14) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Part 4 (English text) added to page 633; encoded for structure and content, as above. File parsed and validated.
* (2018-09-17) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Part 3 (Latin text) added; encoded for structure (lines of poetry from Macer Floridus, De viribus herbarum), and content, such as terms from botany, medicine, anatomy and mineralogy; supplied text, citations and number values of Roman numbers encoded; bibliographic references to sources in text tagged. Bibliographical details for header added.
* (2018-08-23) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Online proofing; words straddling the folio breaks moved forward or back for technical reasons; more Latin and Irish technical terms encoded; some ms readings checked on ISOS in Trinity College Library, MS 1343; new version created.
* (2018-08-15) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Online proofing; more Latin and Irish technical terms encoded; header modified.
* (2018-08-14) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* Encoding of Part 1 and 2 finished; file parsed and validated; preliminary SGML and HTML versions created and uploaded. Header details modified.
* (2018-07-24) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* TEI header created. First 200 pages finished.
* (2018-05) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

* File proofed (1); structural and dense content encoding applied.
* (2018-05-01) Beatrix Färber (ed)

* Word Document converted to XML; TEI-conformant structural and content encoding applied. File named G600005.
* (2017) Philip Ó Connor, (Donation)

* A digitized copy (in MS Word and PDF) of the book donated to CELT.
* (2017) Professor Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, School of Celtic Studies, DIAS (Donation)

* Donation of digitized copy (in MS Word and PDF) to CELT facilitated.




---


#### Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition: G600005


### An Irish Materia Medica: Author: Tadhg Ó Cuinn


Micheál Ó Conchubhair (Michael O'Connor), who died in July 1993 aged 67, devoted the last five years of his life to translating and seeking to elucidate the classic mediaeval Irish herbal of Tadhg Ó Cuinn, the Materia Medica of 1415. In his professional life Micheál was a committed civil servant, retiring at secretary grade with the Revenue Commissioners. But he was also a scholar, fluent in modern and old Irish, with a lifelong passion for music, literature, botany, history, and philosophy.


The historical significance of Ó Cuinn's medical text and Micheál's translation and elucidation of it on the basis of extensive research have been well commented upon by others. The Materia Medica testifies not only to the close relations that existed between the learned classes of Gaelic Ireland and medieval Europe, but also to the sophistication of the pharmacology and medical training in fifteenth century Gaelic society.


At the time of his death, Micheál had nearly but not quite completed his translation and referencing of the Materia Medica, calling his own manuscript an "interim edition". His family was keen that his scholarship should not go to waste but would be available to assist others interested in further researching this important field. We were very fortunate at the time to make contact with Prof. Máirtín Ó Murchú of the School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, who arranged for the transfer of the work and ancillary papers to the School, where cataloguing was carried out in 1994 by Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, Assistant Professor at the School. In 2018, Beatrix Färber, Manager of the CELT Project at University College Cork, whose electronic editions of Early Modern Irish medical texts have made a major contribution to the field, graciously accepted the invitation to make the work available on CELT.


The decision to include Micheál's translation and commentary among the key classic medieval Gaelic texts in the CELT database is an outcome that he would have regarded as a great honour. His family certainly regard it as such and sincerely thank all of those involved in the project.


Philip O'Connor
  

On behalf of Micheál Ó Conchubhair's family.
November 2018.
### An Irish Materia Medica

### Interim Version

#### Part I Introduction


1. The author and his sources . . . 1
2. Copies of the text . . . 11
3. The doctors and the apothecaries . . . 19
4. The medicinal substances . . . 50



Part II
1. The Irish text . . . 59



Part III
1. The Latin texts . . . 283



Part IV
1. English translation of Irish text . . . 443



Part V
1. Glossary . . . 649
2. Bibliography . . . 907



### Chapters of the Text


*A numbered list of the Latin chapter headings, with their Irish and English translations*
1. Aron barba, iarus, pes uituli:    geadhar:    cuckoo-pint
2. Accacia, sucus prunellarum:    sugh na n-airneadh
n-anabaigh:    juice of unripe sloes
3. Absinthium, centonica, pointicum:    uormont:    wormwood
4. Abrotanum, camphorata:    suramont:    southernwood
5. Acalife, urtica:    neanntog:    nettle
6. Arasca, elleborus albus:    tataba geal:    white hellebore
7. Albagia, portulaca, pes pulli:    adann:    coltsfoot
8. Acedula, oxilapacium, rumei:    samadh:    sorrel
9. Accetum, oxiren, oxiriun:    finegra:    vinegar
10. Accride, bancia, pastinaca:    meacan righ:    parsnip
11. Affodillus, centum capita, aillium agreiste:    creamh
:    ransoms
12. Agaricus, fungus:    agairg:    agaric
13. Agrimonia, argimonia:    marbdroigen:    agrimony
14. Agnus castus:    meas torc allaidh:    tutsan
15. Alacon, politricum, capillus ueniris:    dubcosach:    maidenhair spleenwort
16. Alapin, cepa mairina, scilla:    uinneamun Spainneach
:    Spanish onion
17. Alapsa, galla, pomum quersuus:    galla:    oak gall
18. Albedarug, colubrina, basilicon:    colambin:    columbine
19. Alagsandrum, masedonica,
petrusidinum:    elistront:    alexanders
20. Albeston, calx uiua:    ael ur:    quicklime
21. Altea, malbus, bismalua:    leamhadh:    mallow
22. Aloe, epaticum, cicotrinum:    aloese:    aloes
23. Alphur, flos fraxini:    fuinnseog:    ash
24. Allusal, cepa:    uinneamhan garrdha:    garden onion
25. Alumen, stipteria, sucarium:    ai lira:    alum
26. Ambra, spearma ceti:    coimpeirt an mil moir:    ambergris
27. Ambrosiana, eupatorium, lilifagus:    iubar sleibhe:    wood sage
28. Anabulla, titimaillus:    gerr an eighmhe:    spurge
29. Amedum, amillum:    :    starch
30. Ancula alba, scabiosa:    :    scabious
31. Aillium:    gairleog:    garlic
32. Acantum, semen urtice:    ros na neannta:    seed of nettle
33. Anetam:    :    dill
34. Antera, flos rose:    blath an rosa:    flower of rose
35. Anisum, ciminum dulse:    ainis:    anise
36. Apium domesticum:    meirsi garrda:    garden
celery
37. Auripimentum, arsenicum:    argallumh
:    orpiment
38. Arracia, attriplex:    eilitreog
:    orache
39. Arigentum uiuum:    airgead beo:    mercury
40. Asufetida:    :    asafoetida
41. Aroistoloia longa, Aroistoloia rotunda:    stoinsi fada, stoinsi 
cruinn:    long birthwort, round birthwort
42. Artamesia, mater herbarum:    buatfallan liath:    mugwort
43. Athanasia, tanesetum:    lus na francc:    tansy
44. Athasar, polem regale:    poiliol ruibel:    penny royal
45. Auansia, gairiofilata:    macall:    avens
46. Auellana, nux parba:    cnu Gaeidilach:    hazel nut
47. Auena:    coirci:    oats
48. Auricula muris:    liathlus beac:    
mouse-ear hawkweed
49. Aurum:    or:    gold
50. Balanon, glans:    measoga daracha:    acorns
51. Balsamum:    :    balm of Gilead
52. Barba filicana, plantago maigheor:    cruach Padraic:    plantain
53. Barba *hir*sina:    lus na laedh:    roseroot
54. Barba siluana:    glaiser coille:    bugle
55. Barba Iouis, semperuiua:    teneagal:    houseleek
56. Bardana, lapa:    meacan tua:    burdock
57. Branca ursina:    gallfotannan:    bear's breech
58. Beta, pleta, cicula:    biatus:    beet
59. Bilonia, molena:    coinneall Mhuire:    mullein
60. Bolus Armenicus:    uir sleibhe Armeinia:    bolus Armenicus
61. Borax:    :    borax[1](javascript:footNote('G600005/note001.html'))
62. Bursa pastoris:    lus an sbarain:    shepherd's purse
63. Bitonica:    bitoine:    betony
64. Balsamita:    cartlann:    water mint
65. Burneta:    lus creidhe:    burnet saxifrage
66. Bibolica, biliria:    fotlact:    narrow-leaved water parsnip
67. Butirum:    im:    butter
68. Calamentum, calamentum maighis:    cailimint:    calamint
69. Ciclamin, malum *terre*:    cularan:    pignut
70. Cameactis, ebulus:    ualuort:    dwarf elder
71. Cinoglosa:    finscoth:    hound's tongue
72. Cinis omnis:    luaith:    ashes
73. Citonalens:    sidual:    setwall
74. Conconidum:    sil in labriola:    seed of the spurge laurel
75. Codion:    popin geal:    white poppy
76. Cornu serui:    congna an fiadha:    deer's horn
77. Cauda purcina:    gurmaill:    gromwell
78. Caulis orientis:    praiseac garrdha:    garden cabbage
79. Celedonia:    :    celandine
80. Centauria:    dedga:    centaury
81. Cerefolium:    comann gall:    chervil
82. Cerusa:    blath in luaidhe:    ceruse
83. Cotilodion, cimbulairia, umbilicus ueniris:    curnan caisil
:    pennywort
84. Citragha *See Glossary*:    :
85. Cinamomum:    cainel:    cinnamon
86. Ciba pirum *i.e. cibapirum* 
:    raibh:    sulphur
87. Colafonium:    picc Greagach:    colophony
88. Colocindida:    :    colocynth
89. Consolida madior:    lus na cnam mbristi:    comfrey
90. Consolida media:    easboc beoain:    ox
-eye daisy
91. Consolida minur:    noinin
:    daisy
92. Conium:    ros na minne mire:    seed of hemlock
93. Corallus rubius:    cruel dearg:    red coral
94. Corona regia:    eachseamur:    melilot
95. Coriandrum:    :    coriander
96. Centinodia:    gluinech bec:    knot-grass
97. Crocus:    croch:    saffron
98. Cubebis:    :    Cubebs
99. Catapusia:    gran Oilella:    spurge
100. Cucurbita:    :    gourd
101. Cuscuta:    claman lin:    dodder
102. Dactulus:    :    dates
103. Daucus asininus:    milbocan:    carrot
104. Dragantum:    *gum crainn*:    tragacanth
105. Diegreidium:    :    diagridium
106. Dens leonis:    serban muc:    sowthistle
107. Diureticam:    :    diuretic substances
108. Diptannus, pulegium martis:    litontra:    dittany
109. Dragantum:    coporrus:    copperas
110. Ebulus, cameactis:    ualuart:    dwarf elder
111. Edera arborea:    eiginn na crann:    ivy on trees
112. Edera terrestris:    eigheann talman:    ground ivy
113. Eleborus nider:    tathaba dubh:    black hellebore
114. Endiuia:    :    endive
115. Elena campana:    eillin:    elecampane
116. Epatica:    ae aba:    liverwort
117. Epetimen *i.e. epithimum*:    blath na time:    dodder of thyme
118. Esula:    eisbeorna:    spurge
119. Euforbium:    [gum crainn]:    euphorbia latex
120. Es ustum:    umha loisce:    burnt copper
121. Ematites:    :    haematite
122. Emblici:    :    myrobalans
123. Eruca:    cearrmacan:    greater water parsnip
124. Ferrum, ferrugo & sgama ferri:    iarunn, slaighe
 & tuirinn :    iron, dross, flake
125. Ferrarium:    iadh:    sediment
126. Flamula:    aibill uisce :    water crowfoot
127. Fenugrecum:    pis Greagach:    fenugreek
128. Fragaria:    lus na sum talman:    strawberry
129. Fraximus:    fuinnseoc:    ash
130. Farina ordi *i.e. farina hordei*:    (min) eorna :    (meal of) barley
131. Feniculus:    feinel:    fennel
132. Feniculus porsinas:    maelan muilithi:    stinking mayweed
133. Fenementum:    laibin:    leaven
134. Fel:    domblas ae:    bile
135. Filipindula:    :    dropwort
136. Fumus terra:    furniter:    furniter
137. Fu ualerian:    caertann curraig:    wild valerian
138. Fugo demonurn:    bitnua:    St.
John's wort
139. Fructus iuniperi:    caera an iubair craigi:    juniper berries
140. Ficus:    figeada:    figs
141. Fex:    deasgaid:    dregs
142. Galbanum:    :    galbanum
143. Galanga:    gailingan:    galangal
144. Galitricum:    caince coilli:    clary
145. Gladiolus:    soilisdur:    yellow flag
146. Gariofilus:    clobus:    cloves
147. Genciana:    coirce lo[...]:    gentian
148. Gumi:    :    gum
149. Gitt:    cogul:    cockle
150. Genestula:    gilcach slebhe
:    broom
151. Hermodactuli:    tene talman:    autumn crocus
152. Herba Sangti Petri:    soibirgin:    cowslip
153. Hipia mador *See Glossary s.v. flidh*:    flidh:    chickweed
154. Hipia minor *See Glossary s.v. flidh*:    rinn ruisc:    scarlet pimpernel
155. Isopus:    isoip:    hyssop
156. Ipoquisdidos:    lus na meacan:    hypocistis
157. Iouis barba:    teineagul:    houseleek
158. Iris:    gloiriam:    stinking iris
159. Ipofilia:    bilur Muire:    brooklime
160. Lacc:    bainne:    milk
161. Lactuca:    leiteas:    lettuce
162. Laudanum:    :    laudanum
163. Lapasium acutum:    corrcopog:    curled dock
164. Lapis lasuili:    :    lapis lazuli
165. Lapis magnetis:    :    magnetite
166. Lansiolata:    slanlus:    ribwort
167. Lauriola:    :    spurge laurel
168. Lenticula acatica :    ros lachan
:    duckweed
169. Leuisticus:    lubhaiste:    lovage
170. Lepus:    mil muidhe:    the hare
171. Lapis agapidis:    :    agate
172. Lisium:    :    lycium
173. Lilium:    lilidh:    lily
174. Linga auis, pigla:    tenga enain
:    stitchwort
175. Litairgirum:    slaidteach an airgid:    dross of silver (litharge)
176. Licrisi:    licoiris:    liquorice
177. Lapasium:    copog:    dock
178. Linga bouina:    odhrad:    bugloss
179. Mas:    :    mace
180. Maccula trifolium:    eachsemuir:    red clover
181. Manna:    :    manna
182. Mala granata:    ubla graineacha:    pomegranates
183. Marubium:    orofont:    horehound
184. Medulla:    smir:    marrow
185. Masdix:    :    mastic
186. Mel:    mil:    honey
187. Margarite:    nemunn:    pearls
188. Mellago:    pimentaria:    balm
189. Mellicratum:    :    (a drink)[2](javascript:footNote('G600005/note002.html')).
190. Menta:    minntus:    mint
191. Mercurialis:    mercurial:    annual mercury
192. Mellifolium:    athair talman:    yarrow
193. Mirtuis:    raidleag
:    bog myrtle
194. Mirra:    mirr:    myrrh
195. Morella:    midhaidi:    black nightshade
196. Morsus demonis:    caisearban bec:    devil's bit scabious
197. Muscus:    :    musk
198. Mumia:    :    mummy
199. Mandragora:    :    mandrake
200. Mrbulani:    :    myrobalans
201. Mala masiana:    ubla fiadain:    crab apples
202. Mora selsi:    smera:    blackberries
203. Melli:    :    spignel
204. Mesbili:    sceachoire:    haws
205. Nastursium:    bilur uisce:    watercress
206. Napeum, sinapium:    mosdard:    mustard
207. Nenufar:    blath na raibhe uisce:    flower of the water lily
208. Nepta:    neift:    catmint
209. Nux magna:    cnu franccach:    walnut
210. Nux muscata:    nutamicc:    nutmeg
211. Nux longa:    almont milis:    sweet almonds
212. Olibanum:    :    frankincense
213. Opoponax:    :    opopanax
214. Ouua:    na huidhi:    eggs
215. Os de corde serui:    cnamh craighi an fhiadha:    bone of deer's heart
216. Ordium:    eorna:    barley
217. Pampinus:    duillebar na fineamhna:    foliage of vine
218. Petrosilium:    peirsille:    parsley
219. Pulegium muntanum:    poiliol muntanum:    wild thyme
220. Piper nigrum:    pibur dubh:    black pepper
221. Pulicaria:    millsean monadh :    lousewort
222. Paritaria:    pairitair:    pellitory of the wall
223. Polipodium:    scim:    polypody
224. Pibinella:    eigrim:    burnet
225. Pulitricum:    ruibh cloithi:    wallrue
226. Porrum:    lus:    leek
227. Pingedo:    methrudh:    fat
228. Pira:    peirida:    pears
229. Plumbum:    luaidhe:    lead
230. Quercus:    darach:    oak
231. Rafanos:    racam:    horse radish
232. Rosmarinus:    ros marina:    rosemary
233. Reubarbrum:    :    rhubarb
234. Rosa rubia:    ros dearg:    red rose
235. Rubia maior, uarencia:    madra:    madder
236. Ruta, bisa, molea:    ruibh:    rue
237. Repercusiua:    :    repercussive substances
238. Sambucus:    trom:    elder
239. Sal:    salunn:    salt
240. Sarcacolla:    :    sarcocolla
241. Scamonia:    :    scammony
242. Saturaieia, utimbra:    sabraidh:    savory
243. Sene:    :    senna
244. Serpillum:    piletra:    wild thyme
245. Salisit:    saileach:    willow
246. Spicanardi:    :    spikenard
247. Sdrusium:    praiseach buidhe:    charlock
248. Sulfur:    raibh:    sulphur
249. Sol secium, sbonsa soils, eliotropia, sicorea, ingcuba, uerucaria:    rudus:    marigold
250. Spodium:    cnaim na bellifinte:    calcined ivory
251. Sticatos:    sian sleibhe:    foxglove
252. Satuirion, priamiscus, leporina:    tulcan:    orchid
253. Sandaili:    :    sandalwood
254. Sdafisagria:    :    stavesacre
255. Scolapendria, linga ceruina:    crimh muice fiadha:    hart's tongue fern
256. Stipica:    :    styptic substances
257. Sbaragius:    modomhun:    asparagus
258. Storax:    :    storax
259. Sompnus:    codladh:    sleep
260. Sitis:    ita:    thirst
261. Saluia:    saidsi:    sage
262. Sauina, bracteos:    liathan locadh:    savin
263. Tartarum:    deascaidh an fina:    tartar of wine
264. Terra sigilata, terra Sarasenica,
argentaria:    talamh selaithi:    sealed earth
265. Tuirbit:    :    turpeth
266. Triticum:    cruitneact:    wheat
267. Tanasetum agreste:    brisclain:    silverweed
268. Tapsia:    fearban:    buttercup
269. Tela rania:    lin an damain allaidh:    spider's web
270. Terpintina:    :    turpentine
271. Tamariscus:    :    tamarisk
272. Tamuirindi, oxifencia, dactilus
asetosus, dactilus indicus:    :    tamarind
273. Turio uitis:    maetain na fineamhna:    shoots of vine
274. Uernix, bernix, elasia:    :    varnish
275. Ueruena, herba Ueneris, peristeron:    :    vervain
276. Uiola:    sail cuach:    violet
277. Uirga pastoris, osaragi :    lus na leadan min:    teasel
278. Uitrum:    gloine:    glass
279. Uua:    caera na fineamna:    grapes of vine
280. Uinum:    fin:    wine
281. Uenenum:    nemh:    poison
282. Uenter:    an bru:    the abdomen
283. Uermis:    peiste:    worms
284. Uisus:    radurc:    sight
285. Uomitibus:    sceatrach:    vomiting
286. Uritiua:    :    burning substances
287. Yringi, socacul:    cuilinn traga:    sea holly
288. Ycor:    :    ichor
289. Ydor:    uisce:    water
290. Yarapigra Galieni:    hieropigra Galeni
291. Zinciber:    sinnser:    ginger
292. Ziucra:    siucra:    sugar



Introduction
------------




---

p.1


### The author and his sources




---

p.2




---

p.3


 Circa Instans
--------------


**Ó Cuinn**'s principal source, and the work whose format he followed, was the Liber de simplici medicina, usually known, from the opening words of the introduction, as Circa Instans. **Joannes Platearius** is named as the author of Circa Instans in the early printed versions of the text.


George Sarton (1931, ii 241) refers to **Joannes Platearius the Younger**, who lived in the second half of the eleventh century, and


---

p.4


**Matthaeus Platearius** (‘probably the son of Joannes’) who died in 1161. **Beck** (1940) dates the original writing of Circa Instans rather convincingly to shortly after 1070, and this supports the statement in the printed editions that **Joannes** was the author. That Joannes, and not **Matthaeus**, was the author is the view of Schuster (1926, p. 205), **Fischer** (1929, p. 20) and **Morton** (1981, p. 107, n. 36). **Beck** shows, however, that the original text was added to later, and it may be that **Matthaeus** had a hand in the developing of it. What is most relevant about the book is that it emanated from the town of **Salerno**, whose citizens were developing a great interest in medicine and were rapidly gaining a reputation for their medical skill.


 Circa Instans is a list of more than 200 simple (i.e. not compound) medicines, arranged alphabetically, with a chapter on the uses etc. of each one. Claus H. Beck (who dates his Vorwort, poor man, Im Felde, im Februar 1940) and **Hans Wölfel** and others, working under the tutelage of Dr. Julius Schuster in Berlin in 1939–40, have contributed substantially to our knowledge of this work. **Wölfel** printed the copy of the text which is preserved in Erlangen, and **Beck** studied the three earliest known manuscripts, that of Breslau, which was written about 1180, that in Vienna, which was written at latest about 1250, and that in Erlangen, which was written between 1250 and 1300. **Beck** finds so many points of resemblance to the Liber de gradibus of **Constantine the African, monk of **Monte Cassino****, and to the Corpus Hippocraticum, that he feels that these, together with Arabic works similar to Abu Mansur's Liber fundamentorum pharmacologiae, were the main sources of the text. Schuster's own contribution (1926) was


---

p.5



a study of certain illustrated manuscripts and early printed herbals, and the identification of some 94 plants, in the course of establishing that the illustrations in Gart der Gesundheit (a German herbal printed in 1485) of the plants in question were copied from manuscripts of Circa Instans.


I have relied principally on the version of Circa Instans which was printed in **Venice** in 1497, supplemented by **Wölfel**'s Erlangen text and by the substantial extracts from Circa Instans which **Rufinus** included in his herbal in the 13th century. The 1497 version is likely to be the closest to the text that **Ó Cuinn** had before him.


Another text that is of assistance is the Tractatus de herbis. What appears to be the original is contained in the 14th-century MS Egerton 747 in the British Library. The Tractatus was compiled by **Bartholomeus Mino da Siena**, of whom nothing is known except that he is described in the **Explicit** as an expert in the spicer's art. The book began as a copy of Circa Instans, but additional material was added from the writings of **Pseudo-Apuleius**, **Macer Floridus**, **Pedanios Dioscorides**, **Ysaac Iudaeus**, **Avicenna**, the Antidotarium Nicolai, and some others. The text is accompanied by illustrations of the plants discussed. Later copies of the Tractatus are contained in three other manuscripts, including MS Lat. 993 of the Biblioteca Estense, Modena. This Modena copy was made, complete with illustrations, in Bourg in France in 1458 by a scribe calling himself ‘Le petit pelous’. I have used this Modena copy.[3](javascript:footNote('G600005/note003.html'))


The greatest of the recent contributions to our knowledge of Circa Instans is the facsimile edition of the 15th century manuscript,


---

p.6


Livre des simples médecines (1980 and 1984), annotated by Carmélia Opsomer, Enid Roberts and William T. Stearn. This is a French version of Circa Instans with many additions, mainly based on the aforesaid Tractatus de herbis, and beautifully illustrated by paintings of which a significant number were made from  life. The beauty and botanical accuracy of certain of the illustrations are the subject of praise by Dr. E. Charles Nelson in Pteridologist 2, 1 (1990) 21–23. Opsomer describes the text it contains as one of the major texts of medieval science, and she states that it constitutes the end-point and indeed a balance-sheet showing the assets and the liabilities of a long scientific and medical tradition going back to antiquity, that of the medieval herbal. The manuscript did not come to light until 1975, and it is now preserved in the Bibliothéque Royale, Brussels (IV. 1024). She states that **Platearius** based his Circa Instans on the works of **Pedanios Dioscorides**, **Galen**, **Oribasius** and **Constantine the African**, as well as on the experience of his family, of himself and his colleagues at **Salerno**, notably **Gariopontus** and ‘**Magister Salernus**’.


**Macer Floridus**
------------------


The next source most quoted from by **Ó Cuinn** was the De Viribus Herbarum of **Macer Floridus** (printed by **Choulant**, 1832). This is an account believed to have been written early in the 11th century, in Latin hexameter verse, of the medicinal uses of some 77 plants. The name, **Macer Floridus**, is a pseudonym, reflecting the name of **Aemilius Macer**, who died in 15 B.C., and who wrote a similar poem about plants, which no longer survives. The author's real name is believed to have


---

p.7



been **Odo Magdunensis**, i.e. Odo from Meung on the Loire, who lived in the first part of the 11th century.


**Choulant** prints some articles which he believes to have been interpolated into **Macer**'s text by later scribes, and which he refers to as ‘Spuria Macri’.


**Rufinus** included many extracts from **Macer**'s poem in his own compilation.


I have not as yet read the new edition of **Macer**'s poem, edited by Roberto Trifogli and published in Rome in 1958 (British Library reference, under ‘**Macer (Aemilius) pseud.**’, 7322 h. 8).


**Ysaac Iudaeus**
-----------------


Occasional use was made by **Ó Cuinn** of the Liber dietarum particularium which was written by **Ysaac Israeli** (or **Isaac Iudaeus**) who lived in Egypt and who died in Tunis about the middle of the tenth century. **Ysaac**, otherwise **Ishaq ibn Amran al-Isra'eli**, is said by his Latin translator to have been the ‘adoptive son’ of Solomon, king of the Arabs. He was one of the first of the distinguished Jews who were prominent in spreading Arabic science, especially medicine, to the Western Arabic territories. He was trained as a physician in Baghdad, where he studied Greek medicine and was in touch with the work done there in the translation and exposition of the Greek authorities. Some of his references to **Galen** are carried by **Ó Cuinn** into his own text. About the year 900, **Ysaac** was court physician and philosopher to Ziyadet Allah III at Qairawan, near Tunis. His treatise on urine is regarded as the best medieval work on the subject. **Ysaac**'s


---

p.8



writings were translated from the Arabic into Latin by **Constantine the African** (who died in 1087), ‘ut de labore anime premium adipiscerer’. I have used the Omnia opera which was published by Bartholomeus Trot in Lyons in 1515, as well as the excerpts included by **Rufinus** in his Herbal.


**Avicenna**
------------


Some use was also made of Book 2, the Liber aggregatus de medicinis singularibus of **Avicenna**'s Canon de medicina. **Abu All al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina**, known to Europeans as **Avicenna**, was born in Afshana, near Bukhara (which is now in the Soviet Union), in 980, and was at least partly Persian. He died in 1037 in Hamadhan. His Book of the Healing was a major influence on European philosophy and science until **Aristotle**'s works became generally known. The Canon of Medicine was the medical textbook most used in Europe for some five centuries. Book 2 of the Canon consists of a list of simple medicines, arranged in alphabetical order, with an account of each one. I have used the translation from Arabic into Latin which was made in Toledo by **Gerard of Cremona**, who died in 1187, as printed by Petrus Maufer in Venice in 1486.


**Serapion**
------------


**O' Grady** in the BM Catalogue states that the article on the hare (Chapter 170, Lepus) is based on the Book of Simple Medicines of **Ibn Sarabi**, otherwise **Serapion the Younger**. It will be necessary to check **Serapion**'s book as a possible source for some of the Irish text. Very little is known of **Serapion** except that he lived probably in the 12th century, and that he was a physician who wrote in Arabic and who may


---

p.9



have been a Christian. The Latin translation, made by **Simon Januensis (of Genoa)** with the assistance of **Abraham Judaeus Tortuosiensis**  in the second half of the 13th century, became very popular.


Others
------


Reference is made in the text to a number of other authorities, **Alexander**, **Averrhoes**, **Constantine**, **Dioscorides**, **Mesue**, **Galen**, **Gillibertinus**, **Hippocrates**, **Rhases**, but it may be taken that these references (except, perhaps, in the case of Rhases) were all derived by the Irish author from the versions he used of the five main sources above described.


Local sources
-------------


There is a number of items in the text for which no Latin sources have been found, and it is suggested in Chapter 4 that some of these may represent a purely Irish tradition.


In General
----------


This Materia Medica is of a high standard. *At* a rough check, it appears that, of the 208 plant simples and 29 plant products discussed, some two thirds are mentioned in the 12th edition of the Pharmacognosy of **Trease** and Evans as being relevant still or until recently, and another 15 were and are of nutritional value. That the author discusses only those drugs which he knew to be in use, is indicated by the drugs which are discussed in the Erlangen copy of Circa Instans, but which are not referred to in the Irish version. Of the 38 such drugs, 33 are foreign and obviously hard to come by, and only five are plants that occur in the Irish flora. The author was


---

p.10



practical, too, in selecting information from his sources, He seems to give only those uses of the drug which he knew to be made in practice in this country. To mention an obvious case, he omits the numerous references to scorpion stings which occur in the Latin texts. On the other hand, he frequently mentions the mad dog when the Latin source does not.


The text appears to be no slavish rendering of the voice of ancient authority, but a sensible selection of information believed to be of practical use. It indicates the ailments that were known in the country at the time, and the drugs that were used in treating them.




---

p.11


### Copies of the text

The version given in the present exercise is based on the copy of the text in Trinity College Dublin, manuscript No. 1343 (H. 3. 22), pages 47–106. The scribe was **Aodh Buidhe Ó Leighin**, and the copy is believed to have been made in the fifteenth century. I have made a few emendations from other copies, indicated by square brackets [ ], but I have not as yet compared or collated the text with the other copies.Other copies of the text are contained in a number of manuscripts:National Library of Ireland MS G11:
-----------------------------------


Written on vellum and completed in 1466 by **Donnchadh Ó Bolgaidi**, with two or three unidentified collaborators. The manuscript contains a considerable amount of material on medical topics, including valuable copies of some legal tracts relating to medical practice. The Materia medica occupies pages 1–67. **Nessa Ni Shéaghdha** says, Cat, i 66, that parts of the manuscript may have been written at


---

p.12



Woodstock, near Athy, and at Clanmalire, Laois, adding, p. 71, that the copy of the Materia medica may be reckoned among the more complete vellum copies, and that it is more or less akin to the copy in H. 3. 22 (above).


National Library of Scotland, MacKinnon's MS III, fo. 1–80:
-----------------------------------------------------------


This is a fairly full copy of the text, containing 286 articles. It was made in the fifteenth century. The scribe gives his name as **Gilla Coluim**, and he indicates that he worked from the text as taken down by **Gilla Padraic Ó Callanain** from the author's dictation. **Gilla Coluim** does not indicate where the copy was made, but it has been in Scotland since at least the seventeenth century. The names of the plants are written in the margin in English, evidently by John Beaton, who wrote his name on folio 53b in 1671. On folio 85a he writes: E[oin] M'Bh[eathadh] 1671. MacKinnon, in his Catalogue of Gaelic MSS in Scotland, prints extracts from Articles in this manuscript corresponding to our Chapters 92, 158, 187 and 198, and he gives the scribe's colophon at the end of the text in full. It will be necessary to check the Glossary herein with John Beaton's English plant names.


Royal Irish Academy MS 458 (23 O 23):
-------------------------------------


A vellum manuscript, which may have been made in the 15th or 16th century.


RIA MS 464 (23 O 6):
--------------------




---

p.13


A vellum fragment bound into the volume as pages 19–30 contains part of a Materia medica from Sambucus to Ydor. Is this part of our MM?


RIA MS 459 (23 Q 5):
--------------------


This is also a vellum manuscript which was probably made in the 15th or 16th century.


NLScot, MacKinnon's MS LX, pages 303–463:
-----------------------------------------


This copy, which contains 311 articles, was written in 1611–1614, in the main by **Aonghus mac Fearchair mic Aonghuis**, in Ardchonnel, for **Donnchadh Ó Conchubhair**. The scribe appears to be **Aonghus Mac Beathadh**, son of **Farquhar Beaton of **Husibost**, **Skye**** (see MacKinnon, Cat., top of p. 299).


**Farquhar** was physician to the Lord of the Isles, and he was, in his time, possessor of the well-made copy of the Irish Lilium Medicinae which is described by MacKinnon on p. 298– 301 (now NLScot. MS 2076). The handwriting in MS 2076 will need to be examined to see if it bears out the statement in MacKinnon p. 299 that that manuscript also was written by **Aonghus**. Aonghus received some of his medical training from **Donnchadh Ó Conchubhair of **Dunolly**** in Argyle. This Donnchadh (1571–1647) became ‘**Donnchadh Albanach**’ when he was in Ireland in the 1590's with **Donnchadh Óg Ó Conchubhair**, who was very likely a relative of his. In 1596, he was in the home of **Donnchadh Óg**, at **Cullohill** — **Cúl Choill** — by **Achadh mic Airt**, **Mac Giolla Pádraig**'s headquarters, making a copy of the Irish Lilium Medicinae


---

p.14



under the supervision of **Donnchadh Óg**, with the help of **Cathal mac Cuinn** and of **Giolla Padraig, son of Donnchadh Óg**: MacKinnon, p. 275, **Donnchadh Óg**, who is referred to elsewhere (see RIA Cat. p. 1169) as **Donnchadh Óg mac Donnchadha léith mhic Giolla Padruic**, was physician to **Mac Giolla Pádraig of **Ossory****, and he appears as the teacher of **Risderd mac Muircertaigh Ó Conchobhair**, scribe of RIA MS 439.


British Library MS Add. 15403
-----------------------------


This is a vellum MS, and it is dated by **Standish O' Grady** (Cat, p. 222) to the 16th century. It contains 151 of the chapters in the H.3. 22 version, and 14 chapters that are not in H.3.22. The headings of the chapters are printed by Stokes (1888), and **O' Grady** has, in the BM Catalogue, edited and translated extracts from the MS corresponding to our Chapters 36, 49, 62, 170, 215 and 242, as well as chapters on caraway (**carui**) and Spanish flies (**Cantarides**) that are not in H. 3. 22.


TCD MS 1334 (H. 3. 15):
-----------------------


This is also a vellum manuscript, and it is dated by the cataloguers ‘s. xvi?’.


TCD MS 1323 (H. 3.4):
---------------------


This is also a vellum MS, dated by the Cataloguers ‘s. xvi?’. **William O'Sullivan**, Celtica xi 248, assumes that it was bought by the Library from **Muiris Ó Gormáin**: that would have


---

p.15



been between 1761 and 1781. The copy of the Materia medica contains about 260 articles. The colophon states that the text is as taken down from **Tadhg Ó Cuinn**'s dictation by **Aenghus Ó Callanáin**, and that this copy was written by **Maghnus mac Gilla na naemh micc a Leagha**. N. Ní Shéaghdha states, NLIre Cat, p. 71, that there is a note in RIA 24 B 2, p. 122 to the effect that the original transcript of **Ó Cuinn**'s translation of the Materia Medica was in the possession of the **Ó Callanáin** family (‘i seilbh Eóin ui Challanáin .i. an liaigh’) in 1692 and that it was the ultimate exemplar of the Ó Longáin copies (see below) of the tract. No doubt, the ‘original transcript’ referred to was either the version that was written down by Aenghus, or that which was written down by the **Giolla Padraic Ó Callanáin** who is referred to in the earlier of the NLScot MSS. The **Ó Callanáins** were physicians to **Mac Carthaigh Riabhach** of Cairbre in west Cork. In the BM Cat., p. 222, **O' Grady** suggests that the **Aonghus Ó Callanáin** who was the second main scribe of the Book of Mac Carthaigh Riabhach, known as the Book of Lismore, was the same Aonghus who contributed to the production, in 1403, of the original of the item at the end of BL MS Egerton 89 (and who was, presumably, also the Aenghus of TCD MS 1323, H. 3.4). However, it is unlikely that he was the same Aonghus, because **Finghin mac Diarmada**, for whom the relative tract in the Book of Lismore was


---

p.16



written, did not become **Mag Carthaigh** until 1478. See Celtica xv 96–110. Finghin died in 1505.


RIA MS 447 (23 K 42):
---------------------


The Book of the O'Shiels, written in 1657–58 by **Pádruic gruamdha O Siaghuil**. The book was written in Connaught, where **Pádruic** says he and his brother, **Pádruic Óg**, were in exile (no doubt under pressure from Cromwell), and he prays God to recall them both to their ancestral home in **Ibh Eachach (i.e. Iveagh)**, probably in Co. Armagh. He seems to have belonged to the branch of the **O'Shiels** who were physicians to the **MacMahons** of Oriel. The copy of the Materia medica takes up pages 322–444. It contains a little more than half the text, and breaks off with the heading ‘Gladiolus’, our Chapter 145. **Una de Bhulf** prints five extracts from this MS in Lia Fáil i 229–233, corresponding to our Chapters 3, 8, 17, 56 and 61.


John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, Irish MS 35:
------------------------------------------------------------


 Hayes (Catalogue of Manuscript Materials) gives the scribe as ‘**Domhnall Ó Coinmhidhe** (?), 17th century (?)’. This is the manuscript that **Whitley Stokes** calls ‘Lord Crawford's Irish medical MS’. It begins with a copy of our text, and **Stokes** prints the headings of some 118 of the Chapters in The Academy, May 16, 1896, pages 405–7. In his paper of 1898, **Stokes** includes a medical glossary from this MS.


NLIre MS G 19:
--------------




---

p.17


This MS consists of a copy of our text, made by **Muiris Ó Gormáin** in 1761. According to **N. Ní Sheaghdha**, NLIre Cat. p .71, the copy appears to have been transcribed from NLIre MS G11.


RIA MS 465 (23 N 20):
---------------------


This manuscript contains a copy, on pages 65–134, of the same version of the Materia medica as the other **Ó Longáin** manuscripts (below). A colophon on page 134 states that it was written by **Micheál Óg Ó Longáin** for his own use in **Cuil ui Murchadha**, near **Curracha Chiopain**, in **Musgraidhe**, Co.
Cork, in 1794.


RIA MS 470 (23 M 38):
---------------------


Written in 1794 by **Micheál Óg Ó Longáin**.


RIA MS 460 (3 B 15):
--------------------


A copy of RIA MS 459, made by **Micheál Ó Longáin** in 1829.


RIA MS 462 (24 M 34):
---------------------


A copy made by **Joseph Ó Longáin** in 1848.


RIA MS 461 (24 B 2):
--------------------


A copy made by **Joseph Ó Longáin** in 1848, stated to have been made from a copy made by **Micheál Óg Ó Longáin** in 1824, which in turn was made from a copy made by **Micheál Ó Longáin** in 1761.


RIA MS 448 (3 A 36):
--------------------




---

p.18


A transcript of the Book of the O'Shiels, RIA MS 447, made by **Joseph** and **Micheál Ó Longáin** in 1870.


An English translation of the **Materia medica**, made by **Joseph Ó Longáin** in 1870 and based on the copies in the O'Shiel MS (RIA 447) and RIA 462, is contained in RIA MS 463 (24 M 28). This may be of interest for the names of the plants.




---

p.19


### The doctors and the apothecaries

Ireland was not alone in suffering a state of conflict and hostility between its two communities, Gaelic and Anglo-Irish, each side regarding the other as savage predators, and not without reason. In Asia, the Mongol hegemony was breaking up, so that the land routes from India were impassible. Christian and Muslim glared at one another across the Mediterranean, while, closer to home, the English and the French were at one another's throats in the hundred years' war. It is surely a tribute to the resilience and adaptability of human beings that, in spite of all this, life went on.In Ireland, the two communities, for all their mutual hostility, found it possible to deal with one another in various ways. The Anglo-Irish towns all had their Irishtown suburbs, where people from the Gaelic areas came to settle and to work in the towns. Some Anglo-Irish communities outside the towns adopted the Irish way of life in many of its aspects. Military alliances between groups on the two sides were not uncommon; their alliance with their neighbours, the **Clann Aodha Buidhe**, enabled the **Savages** of the Ards peninsula to maintain their position and their prosperity throughout the later Middle Ages. Even the Government sometimes employed Gaelic troops.The professions that were recognised in Gaelic society included poets, historians, musicians, lawyers, ecclesiastics, and, of course,


---

p.20



the physicians, who traced their art and its practice back to prehistoric times.There appears to have been an unsystematised form of primary education, which provided the basics for children destined for the professions, for the children of the upper classes, and for others. From there, the professional students went on to the specialised schools which the professional families ran to train the next generation. In addition, the medical families sent some of their young hopefuls to the great medical schools, particularly, it appears, **Montpellier**, that had developed over the previous two or three centuries on the Continent. The medical courses of the time were quite long, beginning with general subjects, and continuing with study of the principal medical texts, such as **Avicenna**'s Canon of medicine, **Bernard of Gordon**'s Lilium medicinae, and the writings of **Arnaldus de Villa Nova**.When the students qualified, they came home and went into the practice of the profession, including teaching in the Irish medical schools. For the purposes of the local schools, they translated some of the texts they had studied abroad into Irish, and a considerable body of manuscript translations of Latin medical texts, made at this time, has survived to preserve their memory. Our present text is one of these, and the number of copies of it which we still have indicates that it was widely used in the schools and by the physicians.When the new science was adopted in Ireland, many of the medical texts current in Latin were translated into Irish, but the Bible of the Irish doctors was the Lilium Medicinae of **Bernard of Gordon**. This


---

p.21



man was Master of the Medical University of **Montpellier**. A number of writings are attributed to him, produced between 1294 and 1308, but his greatest work, published in July, 1305, in the twentieth year of his service in **Montpellier**, was the Lilium. This is a comprehensive textbook of the medicine of the time, making quite a tome. In the middle of the 15th century, it was translated into Irish as Lile na heladhan leighis by **Cormac mac Duinn Shléibhe**. A beautiful copy of this translation, made by **Domhnall Albanach Ó Troighthigh** in 1482 (it was sold for 20 cows in 1500) is preserved in the British Library as MS Egerton 89. Other copies are in the Royal Irish Academy, 3 C 19, and Trinity College MS 1341 (H. 3.20). The Gaelic Lilium Medicinae in MS 2076 of the National Library of Scotland (this copy cost 60 milk cows) was the "physical pandect" of **Fearchard Mac Bethadh**, **Farquhar Beaton**, physician to the Lord of the Isles, in the early 17th century. It is of interest that the Irish took to the pragmatic **Bernard** rather than to intellectuals like **Avicenna**, **Averrhoes** and **Arnald of Villanova**. **C. H. Talbot** (1978) p. 419 refers to the Montpellier school as being ‘more concerned with sick people than with theories of sickness.’Some Irish versions of medical texts that have been published in modern editions are Regimen Sanitatis, follamhnughadh na sláinte (Gillies, 1911), John of Gaddesden's Rosa Anglica (Wulff, 1929), A Treatise on Fevers (Duncan, 1932), "Trotula's" Muliebrium Liber (Wulff, 1934), the De Dosibus of Gaulterus (Sheahan, 1938), Regimen na Sláinte, a version of the Regimen Sanitatis of Magninus of Milan (Ó Ceithearnaigh, 1942). Some shorter texts have been published by Winifred Wulff, e. g. De amore hereos, Ériu xi 174; Pestilentia, Ériu


---

p.22




x; De chirurgia, Lia Fáil i 126–9; sections of a copy of our text in Lia Fáil i. Further information about the medical men and their writings is given by Meehan (1872, 373–390), Moore (1908), Shaw (1939, 1952, 1966), Walsh (1947), Binchy (1952), Dunlevy (1952), Ní Shéaghdha (1984), and also by the Gaelic Manuscript Catalogues of the various libraries, mainly the Royal Irish Academy, Trinity College, King's Inns, National Library, National Library of Scotland, and the British Library.Every chieftaincy had a physician as one of its **ollamhain** or professional functionaries. The post was usually a hereditary one, descending in the same family for many generations, and it was remunerated with a holding of land. The physician was well-off enough and of sufficient status to enable him, apparently as part of his function, to maintain a guest house (**teach aided coitchend**) providing hospitality for the general public: Simms (1978) p. 71. The Annals of Connaught (Freeman, 1944) record, in the year 1527, the death of the wealthy Dr. Dunlevy, who kept a guesthouse: he was of the family who were physicians to the O'Donnells of Donegal: 
  

‘An Docduir [Donnchad] mac Eogain h. Duinnhslébi, sai re leighus & annsna healadnaibh ele d'urmor & fer conaigh moir et tighi oiged, do dul d'ecc an tres la ria féil San Proinséis.’Other physicians who were deemed worthy of having their deaths recorded in the same annals were ‘Muris mac Donnchada h. Beigléighinn, sai re leighus (1528),’ ‘O Siaghail, ollam leighis Innse hEogain (1531)’ and ‘Illann Buide mac Maoilsechlainn meic Illainn Meic an Legha, sai re


---

p.23



leigius (1531).’ As regards Dr. Dunlevy, the title ‘docduir’ indicates a University training, made possible, no doubt by the family's wealth. **Tadhg Ó Cuinn** and **Cormac Mac Duinnshléibhe** also had degrees. It is clear, however, that University training was not considered essential. One of his pupils said of **Donnchadh Óg Ó Conchubhair**, physician to **Mac Giolla Padraig** of **Ossory**, that he was ‘rogha legha Érenn ina aimsir fen (tuig riot gan dul a hÉrinn do dhénamh foghluma).’ He had, however, made a copy of the Irish version of the Lilium medicine himself, and he gave it to his pupils to copy: RIA Cat. p. 1172; MacKinnon p. 275.The Anglo-Irish towns existed for the purpose of trade, and they could not have survived without their trade with their Gaelic neighbours. From time to time, officialdom issued edicts forbidding any intercourse with the "Irish enemies", but the need for trade forced the authorities to withdraw their restrictions whenever things were on a fairly even keel. Waterford in 1345, Cork in 1382, Limerick in 1391, Kinsale in 1400, and New Ross in 1402, were all permitted to make peace with the Irish and to trade with them (Mac Niocaill, 1964, II 394). The story Harrison discusses (1986), where a whiskey maker sent a school-boy ("memorise this as you do your lessons") to town, on his own, to buy pepper and anise for the whiskey, shows that the Gaelic people had ready access to the towns and the shops, at least as individuals.It is not difficult to accept, then, that the physicians operating in the Gaelic areas had a fair degree of contact with their colleagues in the towns, at least with the apothecaries. The reader will notice in **Ó Cuinn**'s work that some of the Irish names of plants


---

p.24



and materials are derived from the French and English languages, but it will also be noticed that a great many exotic materials are mentioned with an air of familiarity which indicates that the author knew about them and used them, and he could not have obtained them without the services of the apothecaries in the towns.There is a reference to apothecaries in the Irish translation (c.1450) of **Bernard of Gordon**'s Lilium medicine (MS Egerton 89, written in 1482, fo. 32va) ‘diaquilon .i. treta bis ac na poiticairibh’. In the 1551 edition of the Latin text, the substance referred to is diachylon, but there is no reference to apothecaries.
It is likely that there were apothecaries in the Irish towns as there were in the towns of England and the Continent. **Rudolf Schmitz** (1961) has established firmly that there were apothecaries, in the sense of pharmaceutical retailers, in the German towns from about the year 1300 at least. There are references to apothecaries in Circa Instans: e. g. the version of the chapter on ‘Margarita’ in the Erlangen copy states ‘Alie non sunt perforata et peiores quas ponunt apothecarii in medicinis’. **Trease** (1964) shows that, certainly by the time of our text, the apothecary was a familiar figure in England. In his paper of 1959, p. 19–20, he states: 
  

‘In England some trade in spicery had long existed, but evidence from many sources indicates that in the thirteenth century it had assumed considerable proportions . . . The spicers were primarily retail traders, although some were engaged in overseas trade and even owned ships . . . By the fourteenth century spicers were found in most large


---

p.25



provincial towns and some were obviously men of substance. The term **apotheca**, meaning originally a store-place, particularly for wine, gradually came to mean a store-place for spicery and eventually a pharmacy. In England the name **apothecarius** became common in the latter half of the thirteenth century. It was applied to a spicer who tended to specialise in pharmacy.’ In the Liber primus Kilkenniensis (McNeill, 1931), Johannes Spicer appears as a juror in 1344; Adam Spicer appears as a burgess in 1383–4 (p. 69) and he is mentioned again in 1391–2 (p. 46). English surnames often indicated the trade of the bearer of the name.Writing in 1965, **Trease** and **Hodson** print an inventory of the stock-in-trade of **John Hexham**, an apothecary of London, which was made in 1415, the same year that our **Tadhg Ó Cuinn** wrote his book. **Hexham** was hanged for coining false money, and the inventory was taken in the course of the legal proceedings relating to the charge against him. The inventory, with the notes supplied by **Trease** and **Hodson**, is as follows ( AN and PA indicate a preparation in the Antidotarium Nicolai (**Nicolaus Salernitanus**, 1484–85) or Pharmacopoeia Augustana):



| Inventory | Notes |
| --- | --- |
| 1. Agret 2 oz. pretii 1 d. | 1. probably agresta or unfermented grape juice; |
| 2. Azarum 2 oz. 2 d. | 2. azarum or asarabacha; |
| 3. Lignum aloes 1 lb. 20 d. | 3. aloes wood; |
| p.26 |
| 4. Cardamome & oz. 20 d. | 4. cardamom fruits or seeds; |
| 5. Ireus 2 oz. 1 d. | 5. orris root; |
| 6. Gensyan 2 oz. 3 d. | 6. gentian root; |
| 7. Gomeder 1 qr. 2 d. | 7. probably a gum; |
| Os de cost' cervi 2 pecie 2d. | 8. ... it seems probable that
**os de cornu cervi** is intended. This could be the ordinary horn of the animal or the so-called hart's heart bone which Renodaeus ... describes as ‘that ossicle which adheres to the basis of
an old hart's heart ... from its figure, much resembling a cross, hunters call it Hart's cross;’ |
| 9. Rubarbe 3 oz. 2 d. | 9. rhubarb; |
| 10. Spykenard 2 oz. 5 d. | 10. true or Indian spike (compare items 13 and 18); |
| 11. Aloes citrini 1 oz. 2 d. | 11. a variety of Socotrine aloes; |
| 12. Sene 1 qr. 1 d. | 12. senna leaves or pods
(compare items 70 and 75); |
| 13. Spica selteca 2 oz. 2 d. | 13. Celtic nard or spike root (compare item 10); |
| 14. Trussa dyani 3 oz. 3 d. | 14, 15, and 16 contain the word "Trussa" ... |
| 15. Trussa dyarodian 2 oz. 2 | which if regarded as equivalent to "Trochisci" then has corresponding preparations in the pharmocopoeias, ... |
| 16. Trussa mirre 3 oz. 6 d. | namely Trocisci Diani AN, Trocisci Diarodon AN and Trochisci de Myrrha PA; |
| p.27 |
| 17. Bayes 3 lb. 3 d. | 17. bay-laurel berries; |
| 18. Spic' cetica ½ lb 4 d. | 18. as item 13; |
| 19. Calamus aromaticus ½ lb 2 d. | 19. acorus or sweet-flag root; |
| 20. Lytarg' aur' 6 lb. 12 d. | 20. golden litharge or lead oxide; |
| 21. Bys 1 oz. 8 d. | 21. these berries are too expensive to be the same as item 17 and we suggest the mediaeval dye stuff and drug, kermes; |
| 22. Dyasaturian ½ qr. 2 d. | 22. Diasaterion AN; |
| 23 Trifa sarazonica 3 qr. 12 d. | 23. Tri[f]era Sarracenica AN; |
| 24. Yera pigra galiene 2 oz. 4 d. | 24. Yera Pigra Galieni AN; |
| 25. Dyaffenicon 1 lb. 2 s. | 25. Diapenidion Magna AN; |
| 26. Conserva violate 1 qr. 4 d. | 26. conserve of violets; |
| 27. Pulpa casalophistula 3 d. | 27. pulp of cassia fistula fruit; |
| 28. Potus antiogie 3 lb. 2 s. | 28. unidentified;[4](javascript:footNote('G600005/note004.html')) |
| 29. Ciripis sitomor' 6 oz. 5 d. | 29. possibly a syrup of citrus or lemon |
| p.28 |
| 30. Surip' spig'enell 4 oz. 4 d. | 30. possibly syrup of spikenard; |
| 31. Surip' capill' veneris 2 lb. 2 s. | 31. syrup of maidenhair, Syrupus Capillorum Veneris PA; |
| 32.Axsedule ½ lb. 6 d. | 32. probably axungia or lard; |
| Surip' andyne 3 qr. 6 d. | 33. sedative syrup; |
| 34. Surip' boragin' ½ lb. 6 d. | 34. syrup of borage; |
| 35. Surip' eupatorie 2 lb. 1 qr. 2 s. | 35. Syrupus de Eupatoria PA; |
| 36. Surip' fum'terre 2 lb. 1 qr.  | 36. Syrupus de Fumoterrae PA; |
| 37. Sur' ictericie ½ lb. 6 d. | 37. hardly legible but ictericus means "against jaundice". |
| 38. Sur' prassii 1 lb. 16 d. | 38. syrup of horehound, Syrupus de Prassio PA; |
| 39. Sur' oximeldoratik 2 lb. 1 qr. 16 d. | 39. a syrup of diuretic oxmel, Oxymel Diureticum PA; |
| 40. Sur' ros' 1 lb. 8 d.  | 40. Siropi Rosacei AN; |
| 41. Sur' scabiose 2 ½ lb. 2 s. | 41. Syrupus de Scabiosa PA; |
| 42. Unguentum agrippa 2 lb. 12 d. | 42. Unguentum Agrippe AN; |
| 43. Unguentum geneste 6 lb. 18 d. | 43. ointment of genista or broom; |
| 44. Unguentum aur' 8 lb. 2 s. 8 d. | 44. golden ointment, Unguentum Aureum PA; |
| 45. Unguentum marciatum 5 lb. 20 d. | 45. Unguentum Marciaton AN; |
| 46. Unguentum Aragonium 3 lb. 12 d. | 46. Unguentum Arrogon AN; |
| 47. Oleum laurium 3 lb. 12 d. | 47. oil of laurel berries; |
| p.29 |
| 48. Unguentum nervale 5 lb. 20 d. | 48. doubtful but possibly Unguentum Nihili PA; |
| 49. Pepllion' vetus 2 ½ lb. 12 d. | 49. poplar buds used for making Unguentum Popleon AN; |
| 50. Dialtia 6 ½ lb. 12 d. | 50. marshmallow, either root or ointment; |
| 51. Salie vetus 2 lb. 8 d. | 51. possibly **Salvia vitae**, which in **Gerard of Cremona**'s herbal is given as a synonym for **Ruta muraria**, or **Wall rue**; |
| 52. Oleum mastic' 1 lb. 8 d. | 52. an oil containing mastic, Oleum Mastichinum, Mesue PA; |
| 53. Oleum exetr' 1 lb. 6 d. | 53. doubtful, but possibly the Exeter Oil, Oleum Excestrense mentioned by Quincy; |
| 54. Oleum new faris 2 lb. 8 d. | 54. presumably similar to Oleum Nenupharinum of the 1618 London Pharmacopoeia; |
| 55. Oleum croci 1 lb. 16 d. | 55. oil of saffron, Oleum ex Croco, Mesue PA; |
| 56. Oleum costinum ½ lb. 2 d. | 56. Oleum Costinum, Mesue PA; |
| 57. Oleum juni' 1 qr. 1 d. | 57. Oleum Juniperi PA; |
| 58. Oleum castorii 1 lb. 8 d. | 58. an oil containing castoreum, Oleum Castorei PA; |
| 59. Oleum wulpinus 3 lb. 2 s. | 59. Oleum Vulpinum, Mesue PA; |
| 60. Oleum benedictum 2 ½ lb. 2 s. 6 d. | 60. Oleum Benedicte was prescribed for **Edward I** when he was dying and the remedy may be the **Oleum Nardinum Benedictum** referred to by **Arnold of Villanova** ... |
| p.30 |
| 61. Oleum absinthii ½ lb. 1 d. | 61. Oleum Absinthii PA; |
| 62. Oleum mastic' 3 qr. 6 d. | 62, same as 52; |
| 63. Oleum castorii ½ lb. 2 d. | 63. same as 58; |
| 64. Oleum nuniferis 3 qr. 3 d. | 64. same as 54; |
| 65. Oleum sambuci 1 qr. 1 d. | 65. Oleum Sambucinum PA; |
| 66. 20 nova viol' et 80 glass' cum diversis aquis 10 s. | 66. Twenty new vials and eighty glass bottles with various waters; |
| 67. 1 latyse 4 d. | 67. probably lattice, or screen for window; |
| 68. Piliaur' et gerepegra ½ lb. 16 d. | 68. Pylulae Aurae Nicolai PA and Pylulae de Hiera PA (formulae attributed to both Galen and Nicolaus); |
| 69. divers' (?pro) letewar 5 lb. 16 s. 8 d. | 69. probably, various drugs for making electuaries; |
| 70. Pulvis ceni ½ lb. 2 d. | 70. powdered senna; |
| 71. Emplastrum restrativum 1 lb. 8 d. | 71. probably the Electuarium resumptionem sive ad restaurandum humiditatem of the Dispensarium Nicolai Praepositi, which ... was supplied to Henry III in 1265 ... |
| p.31 |
| 72. Emplastrum de granis laurei' 6 oz. 4 d. | 72. Emplastrum de Baccis Lauri, Mesue PA; |
| 73. Dya palma 5 oz. 2 d. | 73. a preparation of palma, a drug we have failed to identify; **Thorndike** in Herbal of Rufinus, p. 292, quotes Synonima ‘spaltea, id est palma’; |
| 74. Gra' dei minor 2 oz. 1 d. | 74. Gratia Dei or Herb Robert; |
| 75. Seny 12 lb. 2 s. | 75. senna; |
| 76. Papaveris alb' 2 lb. 4 d. | 76. white poppy, presumably capsules; |
| 77. Saxifrage 1 lb. 1 d. | 77. saxifrage herb; |
| 78. Letuse 2 lb. 4 d. | 78. lettuce, presumably seeds; |
| 79. Semen carkamy ½ lb. 2 d. | 79. bastard-saffron seeds, carthamum; |
| 80. 1 firepanne cum les tonges 3 s. 4 d. | 80. firebasket and tongs; |
| 81. Candelstikkes 4 pecie 16 d. | 81. candlesticks; |
| 82. 1 hamperium cum tribus cooperculis 4 d. | 82. hamper with three covers; |
| 83. 2 lanterne 2 d. | 83. two lanterns; |
| 84. candelstikk 3 pecie 6 d. | 84. candlestick; |
| 85. 1 par de gobardes 20 d. | 85. a pair of cobbards or cob- irons; |
| 86. 2 disci picti 2 d. | 86. possibly, "ditto" and like No. 85; |
| 87. 2 girdyrenes 2 trevetes et 1 fryingpanne | 87. two gridirons, two trivets (tripod or bracket) and one frylng-pan; |
| p.32 |
| 88. 1 watertankard 8 d. | 88. water-tankard; |
| 89. 1 musterdpot 2 d. | 89. mustard-pot; |
| 90. celura cum 4 curtinis 6 s. 4 d. | 90. ceiling or panelling with four curtains; |
| 91. 1 cooperlectulum cum tester de worsted 3 s. 4 d. | 91. bed cover with a testa or bed-canopy of worsted; |
| 92. 1 stillatorium 2 s. 4 d. | 92. a still. |



It will be seen that there are very few items in that inventory that are not reflected in our text.**Trease** (1959) prints a number of statements of account for drugs and related commodities supplied by various apothecaries to the English royal household in the period 1252–1313. As he says, ‘they show drugs actually used and not merely those represented in formularies’, though it must be noted that this was a century before the time of our text. The materials mentioned in the statements are as follows, the relative entry (where there is one) in our Glossary being added in brackets:
1. Aloe and aloe cicotino (aloes),
2. ambra (ambra),
3. ambre orientale,
4. antimoni,
5. aqua vite; "Probably one of the earliest references to it in British records",
6. argentum puro (airgead),


---

p.33

9. auro (or),
10. boile armeniche (uir sleibhe Armeinia),
11. cadmeauri (slaidteach),
12. calamenti (cailimint),
13. camamille (camamilla),
14. candi (siucra),
15. casafistul' (casia fistula),
16. castor (castorium),
17. ceüe (?)(mong mer),
18. cere (ceir),
19. ceruge (blath in luaidhe),
20. cinimat' Alex' (cainel),
21. cironis fundatis de gummis,
22. claretum (claired),
23. curalio (cruel),
24. diantos (diantos),
25. diaciminum (diasiminum),
26. diacitoniton,
27. diadragant'
28. diamargariton (diamargaireton),
29. diapenidion (diapinidi),
30. diaquilon
31. diaroddon abbatis (diaradon),
32. diazinziberios,
33. dyacameron,
34. dyagalanga (diagalanga),
35. dragees,


---

p.34

38. electuar' ad restaur'
39. electuario confortativo,
40. ensens (olibanum),
41. fleur de fewes (ponaire),
42. fleur de orge (eorna),
43. fleurs de violés (sail cuach),
44. gariof' (clobus),
45. giginbres,
46. grane,
47. guimmauves (leamhach),
48. guminis (gum),
49. iacintar',
50. ladano (laudanum),
51. let de femmes (bainne),
52. liquirice (licoiris),
53. litarge (slaidteach),
54. mac' (mas),
55. margarit' (nemann),
56. mastiz (maisdix),
57. mauves (leamhach maighe),
58. mel (mil),
59. merre (mirr),
60. milelott (eachseamar),
61. musco (muscus),
62. olle rosat (ola),
63. oil rosat et violet et camamill',
64. oleo benedicto,


---

p.35

67. oleo de terebinthino distillate,
68. oleo de tritico,
69. oleum fraxini,
70. oleum laurino (ola),
71. penides,
72. pewleus (poiliol ruibel),
73. pinguedine castor,
74. pione,
75. polii mianti (puliol montanum),
76. pomis granatis (ubull),
77. resumptioni,
78. reubarb' (reubarbrum),
79. reysins (risine),
80. rosat novelle,
81. roses (rós),
82. roses, felé de,
83. saturie (tulcan),
84. sauge (saidsi),
85. seminis,
86. sire verge,
87. stomatici confortationi,
88. tamarinde (tamuirindi),
89. terra sigilata (talam selaithi),
90. triasandali (sandaili),
91. tustie (tuisia),
92. unguento cum aloe cicotino et cadmeauri
93. unguenti cum balsamo et aloen cicotino,


---

p.36

96. vino malorum garnatorum,
97. volveus,
98. zeodar,
99. zucar (siucra),
100. zucar' rosat' (siucra),
101. zucar violat (siucra).

**Trease** (1964) states that **Dioscorides**' book on Materia Medica, which was written in Greek in the first century A. D., and was translated into Latin in the sixth century, remained the basis of all books on Materia Medica until the seventeenth century (p. 9). He adds the following opinion (p. 15), based, apparently, on the Corpus of Simples which was written by **Ibn al Baitar** (1197–1248) of Malaga (the relative headings in our Glossary are given in brackets):Whilst it is virtually impossible to say that a particular drug had not been used previously in Egypt or Mesopotamia,
most of the following do appear to be Arab introductions from India or the Far East
1. musk (muscus),
2. cloves (clobus),
3. dragon's blood (fuil dreagain),
4. galanga root (gailingan),
5. betel nut,
6. sandalwood (sandaili),
7. rhubarb (reubarbrum),
8. nutmeg (nutamicc),


---

p.37

11. tamarind (tamuirindi),
12. cassia bark (cainel),
13. croton oil,
14. nux vomica.


The use of sugar (siucra) is characteristic of Arab pharmacy. From India cultivation of the sugar cane spread to Persia and was later introduced by the Arabs into Cyprus, Sicily and Spain.


---

p.38


Examples may be given of some scattered references which indicate that the exotic materials discussed by **Ó Cuinn** were readily available in the towns. In 1306 the Nicholas of Down was wrecked on **Portmarnock strand**, and the cargo she had been carrying included spices in barrels ‘of great value’ (de Courcy Ireland, 1986, 78). An account of the exports from Bristol to Ireland in 1479–80 includes 1 1/4 lb. of saffron (Mac Niocaill, 1964, II 516). James Mills, in editing the Account roll of the Priory of the Holy Trinity, Dublin, 1337–1346, which lists the expenditure of the Priory, says: 
  

‘Among groceries and foreign produce (which were in proportion much higher in price than the home-grown articles) are olive oil (6d. a quart), almonds, walnuts, rice (usually in conjunction with almonds), salt, white salt (the best qualities, the cheaper salts being very impure), pepper (20d. a lb.), verjuice, figs (2d. a lb. ), mustard, saffron, spices.’In addition, we find, in the roll itself, references to the purchase of rose-water and sugar for 14d, ginger and mustard for ½ d, sulphur for 3d (for treating oxen and farm horses), and on page 92 we find 2d being paid ‘cuidam garcioni eunti apud **Kyldar** pro oleo & crismate ibidem petendis’.


---

p.39


In 1250, permission was given to levy tolls at Dublin on certain goods, including woad, salt and spice, and in 1336 a somewhat similar permission included customs on dates: Gilbert (1889) i 9, 14.Imported plant materials are referred to in the Ormond deeds, e.g. ginger root (1286), figs, raisins and spices (1287), ***cummin*** (1290), almonds and pepper (about 1400): Curtis, 1932.A grant of murage by the king to the city of Cork in 1284 discusses the import of wax, pepper, almonds, rice, ***cumin***, alum and woad. ‘The trade in these was probably in the hands of the merchant companies, the Ricardi of Lucca, the Friscobaldi etc., whose European connections gave them more facilities for dealing in them.’: O'Sullivan, 1937, pp. 38, 287. The same grant mentions a trade in ‘common cinders’, which probably indicates one of the products the Gaelic people traded for the imported goods they bought in the towns. These cinders were the ashes of their wood fires, and they were in great demand in England because they were used in the manufacture of soap and glass. The bulk of what the Gaelic people traded consisted of hides, skins, wool and wool fells.As to where the apothecaries obtained their supplies, there is little difficulty as far as the common wild plants of the country-side were concerned. These were gathered by the country-women, and it is likely that the children had a hand in the work. **John Keogh** has this to say: 
  

‘You will gain great advantage by having the name of the herb in Irish, for in case you did not know it or where you might find it, only repeat the name in Irish to one


---

p.40



of your little botanists, and he will fetch it to you presently.’Although, like **John Keogh**, he was writing in the eighteenth century, long after our period, it is interesting to see **Caleb Threlkeld**'s references to the Herb Women who sell bugle by the name of wood betony, the Herb Folks who sell wood sage in the city, the **duilleasg** which is hawked about the streets by the cry of dullisk, and which is ‘sold near the gate of the Fifth Market on the Fingallian side of Dublin’; if his taste deceive him not, the fruit of the black **bullace-tree** are sold about the streets by hawkers for damsons; the poor women gather the **fraghans** in Autumn, and cry them about the streets of Dublin.**Ó Cuinn** discusses many plants which are rare, or which do not grow naturally in Ireland, and, although some of these may have been imported in dry form, it would appear that most of them were grown in gardens in Ireland. There is abundant evidence, summarised in the Royal Irish Academy's Dictionary, for the existence of the **lubgort**, or herb garden, in Ireland in early times. In a law tract dated to the eighth century, it is stated ‘Ni dlig nach otrus tarsunn la Féne acht lus lubgoirt, air is airi derónta lubgort ar forchill notrusa.’ (i.e. ‘No person on sick maintenance is entitled in Irish law to any condiment except garden herbs, for it is for this purpose that gardens have been made, viz. for care of the sick.’: Binchy, 1934-38, pp. 22 and 23. The Benedictines introduced their own version of the herb garden to Northern Europe and the Cistercians brought it to Ireland in the twelfth century.


---

p.41


A plan has survived from the year 820 of the herb garden of the monastery of **St. Gall**, with a note of the plants which were grown there. More interesting, perhaps, is the poem by **Walafrid Strabo** (printed by Choulant, 1832) about his ‘Little Garden’, the Hortulus[5](javascript:footNote('G600005/note005.html')), in which he extols the benefits of gardening (for one thing, it takes your mind off sex) and the virtues of the plants he grew himself, much the same plants that they had in St. Gall. He was abbot of the monastery of Reichenau, on a beautiful island in Lake Constance, in the North East of Switzerland, not far from St. Gall. The herb garden was a very conservative institution, as was the tradition relating to the medicinal uses of herbs, and it is not at all unlikely that the herb gardens that existed in Ireland in **Ó Cuinn**'s time were similar to Strabo's garden of the ninth century. Nearly all the plants grown by Strabo are discussed by **Ó Cuinn**, and he gives them all Irish names, even those which do not grow naturally here. Strabo's plants, and **Ó Cuinn**'s Irish names for them, are set out now. The identification of the plants in modern terms is that provided by **Fischer** (1929, p. 138–9). The items marked with an asterisk (*) are included by Webb as occurring naturally in Ireland.
  

1. Abrotanum: southernwood, suramunt. Artemisia abrotanum.
2. Absinthium: wormwood, uormont. Artemisia absinthium*.
3. Agrimonia: agrimony, marbhdroighin. Agrimonia eupatoria*.
4. Ambrosia: tansy, lus na bhFranc. Tanacetum vulgare*.
5. Apium wild celery, meirse. Apium graveolens*.


---

p.42

8. Betonica: betony, biotoine. Stachys officinalis*.
9. Cerefolium: chervil, comann gall. Anthriscus cerefolium
10. Cucurbita: gourd or pumpkin, cucuirbita. Cucurbita lagenaria.
11. Feniculum: fennel, feinéal. Foeniculum vulgare*.
12. Gladiola: iris, soileasdar. Iris pseudacorus*.
13. Libysticum: lovage, lubháiste. Levisticum officinale.
14. Lilium: Madonna lily, lilidh. Lilium candidum.
15. Marrubium: horehound, orofunt. Marrubium vulgare*.
16. Mentha: peppermint, mionntas. Mentha piperita*.
17. Nepeta: catmint, neift. Nepeta cataria*.
18. Papaver: poppy, poipin. Papaver spec.*.
19. Pepones: melon, mealón. Cucumis melo.
20. Pulegium: pennyroyal, poiliol rulbhéal. Mentha pulegium*.
21. Raphanus: radish, Raphanus sativus; in our text, the term is applied to the horse-radish — see the Glossary s.v. racam.
22. Rosa: rose, rós. Rosa spec.
23. Ruta: rue, ruibh. Ruta graveolens.
24. Salvia: sage, sáitse. Salvia officinalis.
25. Sclarea: clary, caince choille. Salvia sclarea.

**Ó Cuinn** himself refers on several occasions to gardens, and he describes a number of plants as garden species: **persilli gharrdha**


---

p.43



(**Petroselinum crispum**), **praiseach gharrdha** (**Brassica oleracea**), **unneamhain gharrdha** (**Allium cepa**), **meirse gharrdha** (**Apium graveolens**), **sidubal garrdha** (**Valeriana pyrenaica**), **isoip gharrdha** (**Hyssopus officinalis**)An entry in the Liber primus Kilkenniensis (McNeill, 1931, p.
112–3) illustrates a number of aspects of the life of the time. It may be paraphrased as follows: 
  


> 
> ‘The 16th of May, 1500. There was a ‘variance’ between Piers Archer, merchant of Kilkenny, and Muiris Ryan, inhabitant of the same, touching a garden which the said Muiris held from year to year for rent of the prior and convent of the hospital house of Saint John the Evangelist beside Kilkenny, in which he had made madder (**madra** in Glossary, **Rubia tinctorum**). It fortuned after, that a farm (a superior title) was given to the said Piers by the said prior and convent. The following Easter, Piers attempted to compel Muiris to take with him his madder out of the said garden, without giving him due notice. [To regulate similar situations for the future, it was] enacted that a tenant holding a garden or any other land for rent from year to year, not in way of farm, shall not be compelled by the lord of the garden or land to dig out his madder until it be two years old; and after the year, the said tennant shall have half a year more to take his madder with him for his profit.’
> 
> 
> 




---

p.44


The same record book reports (p. 109), for 1498–9, an enactment dealing with the case where a labourer digs out madder before it is mature.The story of how spices and other goods made their way to the remote corners of Ireland from the Middle East, India, and the Far East, is an amazing one, given the circumstances prevailing. The land routes from India, which had been used from time immemorial, were impassible at this time, apparently, and the trade was almost entirely sea-borne, This trade was conducted by the Arabs, mostly by the Jews who lived among them, and the Jewish side of the story has been told by **S. D. Goitein**. They had established trading posts on the West coast of India, where goods were brought from all over the sub-Continent, and from other places there were brought such items as rhubarb from Tibet and camphor and cloves from Indonesia. The goods were brought by sea from India to the East coast of Africa, and carried overland from there to Alexandria. A sufficient partial truce was arranged between the Christians and the Muslims to enable merchants from Venice to come to Alexandria to buy the goods from the East, and the Venetians then organised the distribution of these goods throughout Europe. **Rawdon Brown** (1864) tells of the convoy of ‘Flanders galleys’ that sailed once every year since about 1317 from Venice all the way to the South coast of England, and then on to Flanders. Wholesalers bought the goods from them in the Southern English ports, and then resold them to apothecaries all over England, and presumably sent them also to Ireland. Brown prints the following tables of the goods the Venetians brought with them. *These tables are reproduced on pp 45–48 from Rawdon Brown, Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 1, 1202-1509, p. cxxxvi–cxxxix. See the online edition at https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/venice/vol1/cxxxv-cxxxix.*


---

p.49


Even in the obscure times before the changes that were begun in **Salerno**, something of the influence of the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire percolated through to Western Europe. The recipe literature of the West in those times was based largely on the writings of Byzantines like **Alexander of Tralles** and **Paul of Aegina**. Through the Empire, many Eastern drugs became known and used, including some that were introduced to Europe by the Arabs, such as camphor, galingale and zedoary: **Riddle** (1965). However remote Ireland was from Byzantium, it is clear, from the Irish Art of **Françoise Henry**, for instance, that this country, also, was influenced by the Eastern Empire. It is hard to believe that some of the knowledge of Eastern drugs and Byzantine medicine that is apparent in the surviving writings of the Anglo-Saxons was not shared by the Irish. It would be of interest in relation to the history of medicine in Ireland to investigate whether the 9th century antidotary, St. Gall MS 44, ff. 228–255, referred to by **Riddle** (1965), has any Irish connections.


---

p.50


### The medicinal substances

The subjects discussed in the 292 chapters of the text may be classified as follows: 
  

1. plant simples :    208
2. plant products :    29
3. animal products :    17
4. mineral substances :    24
5. compound medicines :    3
6. general topics :    11
7. :    292

The animal products discussed are (with the Chapter numbers): ambergris (26), butter (67), stagshorn (76), bile (134), milk (160), the hare (170), marrow (184), honey (186), pearls (187), musk (197), mummy (198), eggs (214), bone of deer's heart (215), fat (227), spodium (250), spider's web (269), worms (283).The mineral substances discussed are **quicklime** (20), **alum** (25), **orpiment** (37), **mercury** (39), **gold** (49), **bolus armenicus** (60), borax (61),



---

p.51


**ceruse** (82), **sulphur** (86 and 248), **copperas** (109), **burnt copper** (120), **haematite** (121), **iron** (124), an iron deposit (125), **lapis lazuli** (164), **magnetite** (165), **agate** (171), **litharge** (175), **lead** (229), **salt** (239), **terra sigillata** (264), **glass** (278), water (289).Some ten oils are mentioned in the text, for particulars of which see the Glossary s.v. **ola**. Only two distilled ‘waters’ are referred to, rose water (s.v. **uisce**, and, in Chapter 73, a water of **setwall**, **Valeriana pyrenaica**.COMPOUND MEDICINES
------------------


The Irish text is, as the formal title of its principal source, Circa Instans, indicates, a book of the simple medicines. However, a number of compound medicines are mentioned in the course of the text, and all of those mentioned below except diaeringe, diaturbit and scilleticum are included in the Antidotarium of **Nicolaus**, which was widely used for some centuries.


**Nicolaus Salernitanus** compiled his Antidotarium (spelt Antidotarius in the printing I used) early in the twelfth century, at a time when the medical community of **Salerno** was at its most productive. **C. H. Talbot** describes this book as an antidotary transmitted by Greek and Latin writers with additions and modifications imported from Arabic sources (1967, p. 42). It consists of a collection of recipes for standard compound medicines.


**Trease** and **Hodson** (1965) suggest that **Hexham** must have purchased some of his materials ready made, and that there may have been an


---

p.52



embryo pharmaceutical industry already in being at the time, which would, no doubt, have made up these commonly used compounds, and supplied the apothecaries with them.
  

1. Apostolicon
  

Our author describes **apostolicon** as ‘uinnemint imcubaidh na cneadh’, the appropriate ointment for wounds, and he says it is amongst the **tretaib discailteacha**, the dissolving plasters. **Nicolaus** calls it an **emplastrum**, and explains the Greek name as meaning ‘supra positum vel supra missum’. The main ingredients appear to be litharge (lead monoxide) and zinc, with wax and resinous substances, and some herbs. Mysteriously, an ounce of mistletoe is also required, as well as some hair clippings.
2. **Benedicta**
  

This was an electuary, that is, a confection made by mixing a powdered drug with honey or syrup, and used to render some remedies palatable. The main ingredient by weight was spurge, with turbit and sugar, and lesser quantities of spices and flavoursome herbs. Honey was added as required.
3. **Blanca**
  

**Blanca** is said to be so called because it purges the white phlegmatic humour. The ingredients include a number of resins and herbs, with a shot of spices, finishing with honey as required.
4. **Diaeringe**
  



---

p.53



Presumably this was a compound of species of **Eryngium**. It is not mentioned by **Nicolaus**.
5. **Diagalanga**
  

This was a confection of galangal rhizome, allied to ginger, hyssop, etc.
6. **Dialtia**
  

**Dialtea** was an unguent, made chiefly from marshmallows, and also flax seed and fenugreek; smaller quantities of squills were added, and some resins. It is said to warm, soften and moisten, and was used for the chest.
7. **Diamargariton**
  

This was an electuary containing 28 ingredients, mostly powdered pearls and spicey substances. **Nicolaus** says it is good for heartburn, depression, weakness of the heart or stomach, and consumption.
8. **Diamoron**
  

An electuary made from mulberries, blackberries and honey, used for problems of the throat and gullet.
9. **Diantos**
  

This was made from flowers of rosemary, roses and violets, with spices, and honey as required. It was good for depression, the undernourished, and convalescents.
10. **Diapapaver**
  



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p.54



The white poppy and barley sugar figure largely in this electuary, together with liquorice, some gums, and the melon family. It was ‘marvellous’ for lung problems.
11. **Diapinidi**
  

**Diapenidion** was a concoction of barley sugar (**penidia**) and appears to have been used for pulmonary problems.
12. **Diaradon**
  

**Dyarodon**, said to contain more of roses than of other medicines, but this is not too clear!
13. **Diesene**
  

**Diasene** was an electuary of senna, containing sugar, and lesser quantities of spices etc. Our author says it purges the melancholic humour, and **Nicolaus** indicates it was used to treat depression.
14. **Diasiminum**
  

**Diaciminum**, a confection of cumin.
15. **Diaturbit**
  

**Diaturbit** was a confection or electuary based on turpeth, which is a cathartic drug obtained from the roots of certain plants of the **Convolvulus** family. Strictly, **turpeth** is the root of the Indian **Ipomoea turpethum**, but roots of **Calystegia soldanella** may have been used as a substitute.
16. **Hierae**
  

There is a chapter in the Irish text on **Yera pigra Galieni**, based on the account of the drug given in the Antidotarium Nicolai. The


---

p.55



text also mentions **Yera logodion**, **Yera pigra Constantini**, and **Yera Ruffini**.
  

**Yera** is from the Greek hierós *(ιερς)*, sacred. **Avicenna** devotes a tract in his Antidotarium ( Canon, Lib. 5, Su. 1, Tr. 2) to the hierae. He says they are purifying laxatives and his theme is that the name means ‘divine medicine’. The first of them that was known was **hiera ruffi**: at one time the name was confined to that hiera, but subsequently it came to be used for others as well. The hiera is regarded as a divine medicine because the action of a laxative is a divine thing which soothes because of the virtues of its nature. The hierae used not be given in a drink except when the doctors feared bad effects from the simple laxatives such as colocynth pulp, hellebore, etc ... . The doctor should know that the **hierae** are more soothing than decoctions or pills.
17. **Marsiatan**
  

**Ogden** (1969, p. 103) says **Oile Marciaton** was another of the elaborate unguents, and she quotes **Sigerist** as showing how it grew from a comparatively simple compound of seven or eight ingredients in the works of the Byzantine writer, **Paul of Aegina** (seventh century), to an elaborate preparation of some fifty odd ingredients in the Antidotarium of **Nicolaus**. **Nicolaus** says it is named from **Marcianus**, the medico and philosopher who invented it. Apart from lots of wax and oil, and a long list of herbs in small quantities, the main items appear to be rosemary, laurel leaves, and **rue**.
18. Scilleticum
  



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p.56



This item is not included by **Nicolaus**. It appears to be a mixture of vinegar and honey, flavoured with squills.
19. **Teotoricon anacardinum**
  

Nicolaus spells this **Theodoricon Anacardi**, and explains the first word in the name as meaning the Gift of God. **Anacardi** is the kidney-shaped nut of the Indian cashew tree, **Semecarpus anacardium**, which is included in **Nicolaus**' recipe. The number of other ingredients is not large, the main item being aloes. Principally a purgative, it also helps with the memory.
20. **Trifera sarracenica**
  

Nicolaus lists a number of triferas (the Greek word τρυφερς seems to mean effeminate, or delicate, the significance being that it makes a man young), but the one mentioned by **Ó Cuinn** may be taken to be **Trifera Sarracenica**. The Arabic influence is to be seen in the ingredients, which include a number of Eastern fruits which the Europeans learnt about from the Arabs, notably myrobalans, the fruit, mainly, of **Terminalia chebula**, a tree common in India. There are also sugar, and shots of anise and fennel. Violets are used, partly at least for colouring purposes. The uses mentioned by **Nicolaus** seem to refer mostly to cases where the head is hot.



AQUA VITAE
----------


In the Trinity College manuscript, H. 3. 22, immediately after our Materia medica, there occurs a longish essay on the medical uses of **aqua vitae**, or distilled alcohol, written by the same scribe who wrote


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p.57



the Materia medica, Aodh Buidhe Ó Leighin (Ó Concheanainn, 1976).
This essay has already been printed, together with the Latin texts on which it was based, and the background to the work (Ó Conchubhair, 1990), and it is included here at the end of the text of the Materia medica, as was done by Ó Leighin. It is possible that the author of the essay was **Tadhg Ó Cuinn** himself, and that he added it to the Materia medica for the sake of completeness.


The distillation of alcohol was still in its early stages in this country in **Tadhg Ó Cuinn**'s time, and it is unlikely that the making of a good whiskey from malted barley and other cereals was achieved until somewhat later in the 15th century.


AN IRISH TRADITION?
-------------------


There are some items in the Irish text in respect of which no Latin sources have been found. These items include: 
  

1. athair talmun, yarrow, **Achillea millefolium** (this one features some action at a distance);
2. bilur muire, brook lime, **Veronica beccabunga**;
3. brisclan, silverweed, **Potentilla anserina**;
4. caisearban bec, devil's bit scabious, **Succisa pratensis**;
5. curnan caisil, wall pennywort, **Umbilicus rupestris**;
6. easbuc beoain, ox-eye daisy, **Leucanthemum vulgare**;
7. eigheann talman, ground ivy, **Glechoma hederacea**;
8. eilitreog, orach, **Atriplex patula**;
9. finscoth, hound's tongue, **Cynoglossum officinale-**;


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p.58

12. flidh, chickweed, **Stellaria media**;
13. fotlacht, narrow-leaved water parsnip, **Berula erecta**;
14. gluineach bec, knot-grass, **Polygonum aviculare**;
15. lus creidhe, burnet saxifrage, **Pimpinella saxifraga**;
16. lus na cnam mbristi, comfrey, **Symphytum officinale**;
17. lus na sum talman, wild strawberry, **Fragaria vesca**;
18. rinn ruisc, scarlet pimpernel, **Anagallis arvensis**;
19. ros lachan, common duckweed, **Lemna minor**;
20. saileach, willow, **Salix spec.**;
21. serban muc, sow-thistle, **Sonchus oleraceus**;
22. sidual, setwall, **Valeriana pyrenaica**; the wild sort is
**Valeriana officinalis**; in this chapter, there appears to be reference to distillation, where it is said to make a ‘water’ of the herb as is done in the case of rose-water;
23. soibirgin, cowslip, **Primula veris**;
24. soilisdur, yellow flag, **Iris pseudacorus**.



Apart from **Valeriana pyrenaica**, which is not native to Ireland and was grown in gardens, these plants are all common Irish plants. In nearly every case, the article dealing with the plant includes more or less elaborate recipes (a feature which is not characteristic either of Circa Instans or of **Ó Cuinn**'s text generally) and the ingredients recommended are nearly all commonly available Irish plants. It is likely that in these cases, or in most of them, **Ó Cuinn** was drawing on a purely Irish tradition.




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p.59


An Irish Materia Medica
-----------------------




---

p.60


1. **Aron barba**, **iarus**, **pes uituli** .i. tri hanmanda an **geadhair** & is follus *da* reir **Raisis** a leabar Coilleged[6](javascript:footNote('G600005/note006.html')) co fuil an luibh so t*easaide* t*irim* sa treas ceim, et co fuil br*igh* lactach tseimh discailteach a preim na luibhi so. Et fognaidh co mor an luib so do minug*ad*, maille re **blonaig m*uice*** & ceirin de da chur arna n*eascoid*ibh fuara & discailidh & seimighidh & aipigh iat. Item, gabtar an l*uibh* c*et*na & a hurdail dan coinnill m*uir*e & a cur a mailin nua lin & bearbtar ar uisce co maith & curtar te fon **timtireacht** & foiridh **flux** re n-abar **emuroidhas**. Item, dentar p*udur* min da premaib na luibhi so & curtar isna cneadaibh a mbia ainfeoil. Item, gabtar prema na luibi c*et*na & tirmaidtear & dentar p*udur* dib & cumusctar le h-**uisce roisi** & curtar {ms folio 47a2} ar in aig*id* & scrisaidh a **fathadh** & a brici & da b*eir* dat solus glan uirri. Et adeir **Platiarius** iiii br*igh*a annsa l*uibh* so .i. br*igh* discailteach & br*igh* cnait*ea*c & br*igh* lagsaidithi & br*igh* tanait*ea*c, gurab uime sin ordaigtear an n*eascoid* na cl*uas* an l*uibh* so da bruith ar fin & ar ola & ar **blonaig m*uice*** & p*udur* **cuimin** da cur innte & a cur am*ail* ceirin arna cl*uas*aib & foirigh gal*ar* na cluas. Et as imcub*aid* an l*uibh* so da tobairt an ag*aid* cumga na h-anala noc re n-abur **asma**. An l*uibh* so da bris*ead* & a bruith ar **blonaigh mathgamna** *no* ar **seanblonag tuirc** & a fascadh & a coimilt dan ucht & dona maethanaibh & fairsingidh an anal & bogaig


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p.61



an t-ucht. Item, sug na l*uibhe* so da cur annsa m*a*clog am*ail* da berar pisairium & togairmidh an fuil mh*ista* co n*eamh*cunntabart*ach* & co h-ailginach & da curtar b*e*nedicta maraen ria is moidi togairmis an **f*uil* m*ista*** mar adubrumar ro*mhainn*. Et adeir **Plaitiairius** gurab mor br*igh* na l*uibhe* so a ngeimreadh & a s{ms folio 47a2}amradh & as mor a br*igh* da leith a dhuill*eabair* & as mo na sin da leith a premh & as ro-mo na sin da leith na meall bis urraid. A prema da tirmugh*ad* & beirig a br*igh* innte chum gach neich da ndubrumar re feadh bliadhna.


don geadhur


da sug na n-airned n-an-abaigh


dan uormant


dan tsurumant


don neanntoig


don tathaba


don adhaind


don tsamhadh


don finegra


{ms folio 47b1} don meacon righ


don chrimh


don agairg


don marbdroighin


dan meastorc


dan dubchosach




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p.62


*don uinneamuin spainnidh*


d'uball na darach


don columbín


don eilistront


dan ael ur


don leamaigh


don aloeise


don fuinnseoig


don uinniman garrda


dan aillm


don ambra


{ms folio 47b2} don iubair sl*eibhe*


da gerraneime


dan amillum


don scabios


don gairl*eoig*


don ros neannta


don anetum


do bl*ath* na roisi


don ainis


don meirsi garrda


don argallaimh


don eilifreoig


don agairg *recte airgead beo.*


don gum craind


don stoinse




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p.63


don buatfall*an*


{ms folio 47b3} do lus na frange


don poliol r*uibel*


dan macall


don cnai gaed*ilach*


don coirci


don liatlus


don or.


2. **Accacia**[7](javascript:footNote('G600005/note007.html')), **sucus prunellarum** .i. **sugh na n-airneadh n-an-abaigh** & at*a* an sug so fuar isin c*et* ceim & tirim sa treas c*eim* & is imcubaid a tabuirt don lucht ara mbi **sacrum ignem** .i. **an tine diadh** & dan luct aga mbi teas*aideacht* maille re fl*iuchaideacht* 'na suilibh & is maith dan lucht aga mbi bruth *no* gerba ara mbel. Item, adeir Av*icenn*a an tan teit an **macl*ach*** no an **timtireacht** amach an sugh so da tobairt am*ail* cl*isteri* & co n-impaiginn asteach iat & co mbid slan da eisi. Item, adeir Ar. da tuctar {ms folio 47b4} an sug so am*ail* digh co toirmiscinn **flux** na brond & co hairithe **disinteria** am*ail* adeir **Av*icenn*a**.


3. **Absinthium**, **centonica**, **pointicum** .i. tri hanmanda **an uormoint** & aderur co fuil an luib so t*easaide* annsa c*et*


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p.64



ceim & tir*im* annsa ii ceim. Et adeir **Av*icenn*a** an luib so da b*earb*ugh ar uisci & a sitlodh co maith & deoch d'ol de arna marach & foiridh gontach na brond & tinneas an gaili & comfurtactaig*id* an br*igh* toth*laigteach* & an br*igh* dil*eagtach* annsa gaili. Item, brister an l*uibh* so & coimiltear ar leamhnacht bó & sitloigtear co maith & eabar bog & marbaidh peisti fada an gaili .i. lumbrisi. Item, bristear an l*uibh* c*et*na maille re **finegra** & faisctear co maith tri edach lin & coimiltear don a*gaid* & ni urcoidiginn cuili na miltoga do an la [sin]. Item, curtar an l*uibh* c*et*na ar fin no ar linn & tobair da ol & foirigh greim na con confaidh & gach uili ain{ms folio 47b5}mighe ele nimhe. Item b*ear*btar an l*uibh* so ar uisce & dentur urbruith de & foiridh buigri na cl*uaisi*. Item, bristear an l*uibh* so maille re mil & faisctear tri breid lin & curtar bog isin cl*uais* {ms folio 48a1} aenbraen de & foiridh silidh na cluaisi & salcur na cl*uaise*. Et fos fognaidh an sug c*et*na da coimilt don agaidh ara mbi guirim o bualadh no o tuitim & dabeir dath maith uirri. Item, dentur ceirin don luibh c*et*na & da mhil & foiridh scinainnsia. Item, b*ear*btar an luib so ar uisce & innailtear as an ball ara mbi a bruth *no* gerba & foiridh é. Item, coimiltear an l*uibh* so ar fin & eabar re ndul ar fairgi & ni sceithfi & ni dingna murgal*ar* olc dho. Item, curtar an l*uibh* so a cinn adhairt an easlain & togairmidh an codladh. Item, bristear an luib so & dombl*as* ae daimh & faisctear tri breid lin & curtar aen bainni isin cluais de & foiridh


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p.65



buigri & torman na cl*uaisi*. Et da curtar an l*uibh* so a leabraib *no* an edaighibh uaisli ni crutaidtear *leomain*[8](javascript:footNote('G600005/note008.html')) inntu. Item, dentar ceirin dan luib so & do mhil & curtar ar druim na seilgi *no* ar druim an **macl*aig*** & foirigh an **macl*ac*** & in tsealg ona cruas & ona tinneas. Item, da coimiltear sugh na luibi so da pulsaibh na lam *no* na cos & coiscidh **rigor** & aix*is*, {ms folio 48a2} **fiabruis intribulata**.


Item, g*abh* sugh na l*uibhi* so & sug andiuia comtrom d*e* g*ach* ni & eabar an aig*id* cruais na n-ae & na buideochuire thic o l*inn* r*uadh*. Item, gabtar sug na l*uibhi* so & siucra & uisce bog & eabur ar c*et* longadh & foiridh gach uili tinneas cinn tic o adbar ghaethmur l*eann*a ruaigh n*och* eirgheas on gaili cum in cinn. Item, gabtar sugh na luibhi so & **finegra** & uisce bog & eabar ar c*et* longad & foiridh suficacio matrisis. Item, b*ear*btar an l*uibh* so ar fin & bristear co maith & curtar ceirin ar druim na seilgi de & foiridh cruas na s*eilgi* & na n-ae. Item, gabtar sudh **aipsinti** & mil & **pudur cuimin** & cumusctar tri na celi & curtar mar ceirin ar in mball teit a nguirim *no* a ndroch-dath & foir*idh* a tinneas.


Et fós togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista***. Et fos adeir **G*alienus*** a Leabar na Ceiminn co fuil folm*ugadh* l*eann*a r*uaigh* co hairedha innte & l*eann*a finn co tan*aiste* & co hairithi o bel an gaili & ona haeibh. Et aderar annsan inadh c*et*na co fuilid da br*igha* contrardha annsa uormont .i. br*igh* lactach & br*igh* fastoiteach, br*igh* lactach an tan teagmas na l*eann*a arna ndil*eagadh* annsa gail*i* o catham {ms folio 48a3} na


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p.66



l*uibhi* so folmaidtear da leith a truime iat. Et an tan teagmas na l*eann*a neimh-dil*eagta* annsa gaili o catamh na luibhi so remraigh & metaidtear a neim-dil*eagad* on br*igh* **stipeacta** ata innte. Et folmaidh fos l*inn* r*uagh* ona cuisl*eann*aibh **miseracio uene** & metaigidh an l*uibh* so an totl*ugadh* ata co heasbadhach o imurcaidh l*eann*a r*uaigh* da beit isin gaili. Et as amlaidh dab*er*ar hi .i. sugh na l*uibhi* so tri ℥ di & ℥ da siucra gh*eal* arna cumasc co maith & lan leighi da tob*airt* da ol de ar cedlongadh.


{ms folio 48b1} 4. **Abrotanum**, **camphorata**, .i. da ainm Laidianta an t-**suramuint** & ata an luib so da r*eir* **Pl*atiari*us** teasaide sa dara & tirim annsa c*et* ceim. A b*ear*b*ad* ar uisce & foiridh cumgacht an cleibh & an **cosachtach** tic o adbar fuar.


Item, a brisid & a bruith ar fin & a tobuirt am*ail* digh & togairmidh an **fual** & an **f*uil* m*ista***. Item, an luib so da bruith ar fin & foghnaidh co mor an ag*aid* tinnis na n-arann & na n-innedh darub ainm lion & **colon** & an aig*id* fuar*dachta* na feitheadh ana digh & ana ceirin. Item, as imcubaigh an l*uibh* so an aig*id* gach uili neimhe leath amuit & leat astidh. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & a coimilt ar uisce & a tobairt roim aix*is* fi*abhrasa* **coididiana** & **quartana** & ic*aidh*. Item, **uinnemint** da denam (am) dan l*uibh* so & da **blonaig m*uice*** & d'ola coitcinn & a


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coimilt d'altaib an droma & toirmiscidh aix*is* na fi*abhras* adubrumar. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da briseadh & a coimilt ar leamnacht bo & a ol ar c*et* longadh & marb*aidh* gach uili p*eist* bhis an eachaib & a ndamaib. Item, bristear {ms folio 48b2} an l*uibh* so & cumasctar le **blonaig m*uice*** & curtar mar ceirin ar an dealg bis a laimh *no* a cois & tairrngidh an dealg quigi. Item, an l*uibh* so da bruit ar fin & a briseadh co min & **blonaig m*uice*** da cur trite & foirigh loiniga gan amarus. Et adeir **Pl*atiari*us** an l*uibh* so da bruith ar fin & a tobairt da ol & innarbaigh an **toirrceas marb** & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista***. Item, foiridh n*eascoid* an **macl*aig*** & na **banntachta** & furtachtaidh co mor **sdranguria** & gac uili tindeas bis isin **macl*ac*** & na l*eann*a morgaithi imdaigheas and, innarbtar iat o catamh na l*uibhi* so mar as du. Item, dentar p*udur* don l*uibh* so & curtar maille re sean-ola ar an maili & dab*eir* an finnfad gan fuireach. Item, bristear an luib so & bointear sugh aiste & tumtar edach nua lin annsa sugh sin & curtar arna pulsaib & foirigh **rigor** fiabrais antribulata. Item, ceirin don l*uibh* so da chur arin mball a mbia fuil o bualadh idir fheoil & leatar & foirigh e.


{ms folio 48b3}5. **Acalife**, **urtica**: .i. da ainm na **neanntoigi** & ata an luib so t*irim* sa treas ceim & teas*aide* sa iiii, & adeir **Av*icenn*a** gurab inmolta an luib so an aig*id* fuardachta an scamain & an aig*id* na sean-cosachtaidhi bis re fada ar


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neach & is imcubaid an aig*id* ait & tinnis na bronn ros neannta da bruith ar mil & a sitlodh tri etach & lan leighi da thobairt da ol de ar c*et* longadh. Et fogn*aid* mar an c*et*na an l*uibh* fein da brisid & a c{ms folio 49a1}oimilt ar fin & a tobairt da ol amhuil digh. Item, an luib c*et*na da brisidh & a sugh da buain aisdi & /an sug sin da cur annsna cneadaib salcha morgaithe no a ngreim na con confaidh *no* an aillsi & icaidh. Item, an luib so da brisidh maille re salann co min & a chur amuil ceirin arna heasbadaibh & foirigh & ata br*igh* tirmaidteac & glantach annsa l*uibh* so & ata brigh fasta feola nua isna cneadaib innte & fognaidh an luib so an aig*id* cruas & ait na seilgi & a cur am*ail* ceirin. Et adeir **Gillibertinus** an l*uibh* so da briseadh co min & a cumasc maille re **finegra** & a cur amuil ceirin fona haltaib & foirigh an **potagra** & an t-**artetica** tig o fuar*aideacht*. Et sil na luibi so da brisidh & a bruith arin digh darub ainm **mulsa** & togairmigh an f*ui*l m*ista* & an **fual** co cumachtach. Et aseadh as **mulsa** ann da r*eir* **Av*icenn*a** .i. viii rainn d'fin finn & an ix-*adh* rann d'uisce fir-tibrad & in x-madh rann da mil glain & a cumasc & a mb*ear*badh trina ceili & a sitlodh & isi sin {ms folio 49a2} an deoch darub ainm **mulsa** da r*eir* **Av*icenn*a**.


Item, as maith an l*uibh* so da b*ear*badh ar fin & an fin so da congb*ail* co fada annsa bel & as maith an aig*id* tuitim & reamhadas an t-**sine thseaain**. Et adeir **Pl*atiari*us** an luib so da b*ear*badh ar fin & a tobairt an aig*id* an gal*air* buighi & íce & fos as imcub*aidh* an aig*id* **coilica p*assio*** & 


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togairmidh an l*uibh* so an druis da caitear am*ail* as du.
Et adeir **Pl*atiari*us** co coiscinn an l*uibh* so arna brisidh **flux** fola na cn*eadh* & as imcub*aidh* i cum leighis na pl*euri*sisi & da ghlanadh an cleib & an **macl*aig*** o gach uili tsalcur bis ionta.


6. **Arasca**, **elleborus albus**: .i. da ainm an **tataba gil**, & as teas*aide* tir*im* sa treas c*eim* he. Et adeir **Av*icenn*a** gurab do na l*eiges*aibh folm*aid*eas co dasachtach suas & sis e, & as mor urcoidigheas munfa dil*eaghtar* an t-adbar roimhe & ata ruidhleas aigi d'impogh na rann fliuch a ngaethamlacht gan fuireach & gnath*aigh*tear e a l*eig*esaib comsuig*ighte* & a **siroipibh** l*actacha* & daberur e mai{ms folio 49a3}lle re sugh cr*uithneachta* *no* tsisain eorna cum bogaidh na l*eann*ann & as luga urcoidigheas arna bruith na arna caitim fuar. Et as lugha urcoidigheas a cumasc na l*eigis* na arna tobairt co haenda & adeir **Ipocras** a Libro Ampoirismorum madh ailt an l*eiges* so da tobairt gan comhnaighe da denam da eisi acht an corp da gluasacht co prap da eisi & ase as adbar do sin .i. on comnaighi a haitli an l*eigis* so impaidtear an fl*iuchaideacht* a ngaetamlacht & teagmaidh an gaethamlacht so cum an craighi innus co teit an anbainne & uair ele a mbas. Et folmaidh an l*eiges* so l*inn* f*inn* righin co hoir*eada* & l*inn* r*uagh* co tan*aiste* guru{ms folio 49b1}b airi sin as imcubaidh an l*eiges* so da gach uili easlainti tic o leannaib righne fuara amuil ata **apoplexia** & **eipil*epsia*** & **sietica** & **potagra** & **artetica**


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& **coilica** & **ilica** & a cosmuili. Et tuic leat co fuil da gne ar eliborus .i. eleborus g*eal* & eleborus d*ubh* & is inann br*igh* doib ach amain as mo lagas eliborus d*ubh* dan leth sis & is mo lagas eliborus g*eal* don leith suas & folm*aidh* l*inn* d*ubh* mi-na*durda* co hoir*eada* gurab airi sin as imcubaidh e da lucht **quartana** & don luct ara mbi mania & **melangcolia** & **uertigo** & **scotomia** & da gac uili easl*ainte* tic o l*inn* d*ubh* & ni dl*eagar* an l*eiges* so da tabairt a meit as mo na en ʒ. Et adeir **Pl*atiairius*** pudur an **tataba g*il*** da tobairt isin sroin & togairmidh an tsraedach noch as cuis comhfurtacta d'eipil*epsia*. Item, g*abh* pudur an tatabha g*il* & croith arin ceann a haitli a foilce & foiridh an carraighi.


**Albagia**, **portulaca**, **pes pulli**: .i. tri hanmanna **na hadainne** & ata si fuar fl*iuch* sa treas {ms folio 49b2} ceim & is mor a br*igh* úr & as bec a br*igh* feoighi & ata cumhachta alci .i. na baill da cur a fuar*dhacht* & a fl*iuchaideacht* co hailghineach gurab airi sin is imcubaidh a mbiadh hi da lucht na fiabras coil*erda* & fognuidh se co mor dona dainibh ina mbia ainnteas co hinm*edon*ach & fognuidh fos an aig*id* consipasion na bronn isna heasl*aint*ib gera & a b*ear*badh maille re hairnedaibh & a catamh idir lus & airni a haitli a mb*ear*btha & is imcub*aidh* an lus so an aig*id* brisidh an beoil & in luibh so da brisidh & fritbuail*idh* na n*eascoide* ana tosach co himcub*aidh*. Et tuic leat da reir **Pl*atiairius*** an tan bis an lus so arna tirmug*ad* co



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fuil togairm an fuail innti & an tan bis úr ata toghairm an innruma innte.


8. **Acedula**, **oxilapacium**, **rumei**: .i. tri hanmanna **an tsamaigh** & aderaid na dochtuiredha an luib si da beith f*uar* isin c*et* ceim & tirim sa dara c*eim* & fognaidh co mor an aig*id* na **tene diadh** & a bris*idh* & agailteac triti & a cur am*ail* ceirin. Item, den{ms folio 49b3}tar an luib c*et*na da brisidh & sugh na n-ubull trithe & a cur arin cr*eacht* a mbia aillsi & ic*aidh*. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & g*eal*an *uighe* trithi & foirigh att & teasbach na sul.


Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisid co min & a cur am*ail* ceirin arin mball loisctear o teinigh *no* o uisce & ic*aidh*. Item, dentar sugh na l*uibhe* so da cumasc maille re **plur mine eorna** & ic*aidh* an **potagra** & an t-**artetica** tic o teas*aideacht*. Item, sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cumusc maille re h-**ola na roisi** & a cur am*ail* ceirin arin ceann & ic*aidh* a tinneas an tan tic o teas*aideacht*. Item, an l*uibh* {ms folio 50a1} c*et*na da b*ear*badh maille re fin dearg & caitear & ic*aidh* **flux** na bronn. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da cur isin **mac*lac*** *no* a sugh d'ol & icaidh **flux** na fola m*ista*. Item, adeir **Maid** an luib c*et*na da tobairt an aig*id* peisteadh na brond & marbaidh iat gan fuireach. Et adeir an fear c*et*na an luib so da caitimh an aig*id* urcoidi & neme & uilc na mban & gach uili neimhi. Et adeir fos co comfurtachtaidinn an **radarc** & co coimedaighinn & a gnath*ughadh* an tslí & adeir fos co fognann an luibh so an



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aig*id* urchoidi & neimhe na mbeach & na fuitead & na con confaidh & na neimhe fein. Item, adeir **Maitcher** en bainne da sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur isin cluais & foiridh na huili buidri.


9. **Accetum**, **oxiren**, **oxiriun**: .i. tri hanmanna an **finegra** & adearaid na doctuiri a beith f*uar* isin c*et* c*ei*m & tirim sa ii c*eim* & ata br*igh* seim tolltanach {ms folio 50a2} discail*teach* & coimceangail aici & adearaid na doctuire rós dearg & ubla dulill*eabair* na darach da bruith ar **finegra** & foiridh gac uili sceatrach & **flux** & **Minntas** da bruit ar **finegra** & a cur ar bel an gaili & coiscidh an sceatrach & gurmaill da bruit mar an c*et*na & a cur am*ail* ceirin fona hairnib & coiscidh **flux** an fuail. Item, meacain na righ raitnighi & prema airgead luacra da bruith ar **finegra** & a cur am*ail* ceirin fon **imlican** & coisgidh **flux** na brond & not l*eat* da reir **Av*icenn*a** sil losa da cur a fin tren re 4 huairib xx & bidh *'*na **finegra**. Item, bruit coirt darach ar **finegra** noco ndeach a trian *no* a leath fai & tumtar olunn annsa sugh sin & curtar arin **imlic*an*** & coiscidh **flux** na bronn. Item, ad*eir* **finegra** da cumusc maille re siucra am*ail* dithsir*oip* & a tobairt an aig*id* an **terciana** & in **coididiana** noch donitear o l*inn* f*inn* {ms folio 50a3} milis *no* o l*inn* f*inn* saill*te* & an aig*id* gach easl*ainte* geri & a tobairt maille re huisce bog. Item, **oiximul** aenta da denamh don **finegra** .i. da rann d'**finegra** & en rann meala & a b*ear*b*ad* *no*co mbia a tighe meala & fognaidh da dil*eaghadh*


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gach uili adbair fuair. Oiximil comsuig*ighthi* .i. g*abh* prema **feineil** & meirsi & **persilli** & bristear leag ar comnaigi la co n-aichi a **finegra** arna maireach b*ear*btar & sitoiltear & curtar trian meal a arna glanadh innti & fognaidh an t-**oiximul** sin da dil*eaghadh* gac uill adbair fuair & not l*eat* da r*eir* **Av*icenn*a** da d*t*uctar an **finegra** a haitli an proinnithi co lagann an bru & da cait*ear* roimhe co tirm*aiginn*. Item, g*abh* **finegra** {ms folio 50b1} & doirt a mbuiling *no* an aran eli the & tobair da cathamh & fodhnuidh da comhfurtacht an dil*eaghadh* a haitli galair & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** an **finegra** da coimilt dona cuisl*eann*aibh *no* dona hairterib re n-abar puls & comfurtachtaidh an craidhi & foirig an tsinc*oipis*. Item, **finegra** & sal*ann* da coimilt dona bonnaib & comfurtachtaighi lucht na **litairgia** & fre*nisisi* & adeir **Plaitiairius** **deascaidh** an **finegra** da chur ar imleacan *no* arin fordronn na mna a ara mbia **flux** na f*ola* m*ista*, coiscidh a c*et*oir.


10. **Accride**, **bancia**, **pastinaca**: .i. tri hanmann*a* an **meacain righ** & adearur an luib so da beith t*easaide* a m*edon* an ii ceim & fl*iuch* a tosach an ii c*eim* & adeir **Plaitiairius** gurab mo imcubhuigheas an l*uibh* da leith an bidh na da leith an l*eigis* & tuismidtear fuil remur uaithi & medaig*id* co mor an toil & an sperma & fodnaigh prema na luibhi so da c~~at~~atamh omh da lucht l*eann*a d*uibh* {ms folio 50b2} & cuiridh a fl*iuchaideacht* iat & medaighi a coimpert & 


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adeir **Maidcer** an l*uibh* so da b*ear*bad ar fin an aig*id* tinneasa an gaili & na n-ae & na seilgi & na n-arann & adeir fos prema na l*uibhi* so da bruith ar leamnacht & fogn*aidh* an aig*id* **asma** & disnia & ortomia & adeir fos pr*emh* na l*uibh*i so da cur fo braighid an lucht aga mbia att na n-uirgibh & foiridh a n-att & a tinneas & adeir fos gibe ga mbia fo braighid nach urcoidigheann neimh dho. Et adeir fos prema na l*uibh*i so da cur fona fiaclaibh & foiridh a tinneas & a tobairt dona mnaib aga mbia toirrcis marb & innarbaigh e. Et adeir **Plaitiairius** co medaighinn an luib so an dil*eaghadh* & co n-oilind an c*orp* co mor & adeir co foghnann co mor da lucht **stranguria** & **disuiria**.


11. **Affodillus**, **centum capita**, **aillium agreiste**: .i. tri hanmanna an **creamha** & adeir **Plat*iair*ius** as mo as imcuibe dhi a premha so cum an l*eigis* na a duill*eabar* & as mo foghnus a hur na a crin & ata br*igh* togairmthi an **fuail**{ms folio 50b3} & g*l*anta na n-arann innte & ata an luib so t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & sugh na l*uibh*i so da cur ar loscadh teneadh *no* uisce & ic*aidh* & an l*uibh* so da chognamh & foiridh an galar beil.


Item, g*abh* prem rusc **ualauairt** & a urdail eli da prem rusc truim & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar sugh na l*uibhi* so & foirid an igroipis re n-abur **leucafleadmainnsia** & a sugh da cur isna foibertaibh & foiridh gal*ar* na sul. Item, adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** nach imcub*aidh* ach a blath amhain cum an l*eigis* & fetar so da taisgi go ceann da bl*iadain* an a br*igh* & an a hoibriugad & ata br*igh*


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discailteach ann co mor & adeir an fear c*et*na {ms folio 51a1} in fin *no* an t-uisce ara mb*ear*btar an luib so da tobairt da ol & glanaidh na baill spiradalta o l*inn* f*inn* reamur & adeir fos *da* mbia tinneas *no* gaethamhlacht annsa gail*i* *no* isna hinnibh o *fuar*dacht** *no* o duintibh na selgi & na n-ae & sin da tiacht o adbar fuar an luibh adubrumar da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobairt da ol & ic*aidh*. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce saillti & a tobairt da ol an aig*id* **stranguiria** & **disuria** & an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisid & ceirin da denamh de an aig*id* tinnis an gaili tic o fuar*aideacht* & o gaetamhlacht & fognaidh a cathamh an aig*id* **coilica p*assio***. Item, an luib c*et*na da bruith ar uisce & fotragadh da denamh de & a deatach da ligin fuithi & glanaidh an **macl*ac*** & togairmid an **f*uil* m*ista*** agna mnaib.


12. **Agaricus**, **fungus**: .i. da ainm na h-**agairge** & ata si t*easaide* tir*im* annsa c*et* c*ei*m as*e* is agairg ann .i. farcan crainn darub ainm **abietis** & a crich na h-**Innia** fasas {ms folio 51a2} & ataid da gne air .i. gne mascalta & gn*e* ementa. Et isi in gne ementa as mo foghnas cum an l*eigis* & is mar so athaintear i .i. an tan bristear an gne ementa an a brataibh sleamhna & ni mar sin an tan bristear an gne mascalta ach beith an a bruscar mín & adeir **Ebe Mesue** gurab i an agairc as gili & is usa da brisid as fearr ann & folmuigid si l*inn* f*inn* co hoir*eada* & l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste* & gurub airi sin as mor foghnus an aig*id* **terciana** an tan tic *o* **coil*era* sitrina** & **uitiliana** & fodnuidh an


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aig*id* an coid*id*iana & an **quartana** do-nitear o l*inn* r*uagh* loisci & aderur fos co fognann an aig*id* **coilica** & **ilica** & an aig*id* gach uili tindis tic o l*eann*aib righne isin corp leath astig. Et oslaigidh duinte na n-ae & na seilgi & na n-arann am*ail* adeir **Ebe Mesue**. Et gnathaigtear an agairg da tobairt comsuig*igte* a ndeocaib & a tretaib & a clair*et*aib & a l*eiges*aib lac*tach*a & Uair ann b*ear*bt*ar* an agairg ar fi*n* da gerug*ad* na l*eiges* l*actacha* & ni b*e*c en d*r*agma di cum geraithi na {ms folio 51a3} l*eiges* el*i*. Et uair an*n* b*ear*bmaid hi maille re c*r*oicin*n* pf*r*em na **raidleoige** & le **sail cuaich** & *deoch* d'ol de roimh aix*is* **f*iabras*a coididiana** & foiridh an fiabhras isin gan fuireach. Et da-beir drong eli ℥ di maille re tri ℥ da sugh **feinel** & foirid an f*iabras* adubrumar & a pudur da cumusc maille re mil & le hola & a tobairt amuil clisteri & foiridh stranguirria & disuiria.


Item, g*abh* **egrim *G*aedilach** & bruith ar fin & cuir pudur agairge ar an fin hisin & foiridh gach uili fual-galar & tinneas bis isin tslait ferrdha & adeir **Ebe Mesue** co tairrnginn a pudur so na cnama bristi {ms folio 51b1} asna cneadhaib & co n-innarbann an droch-feoil & co tobair feoil maith inntu & co l*eiges*inn gach uili linnida & feadantacht teit a **mi-cenel**. Item, p*udur* min da denam de & a timperail le sugh clamain l*in* & le hola & a cur isin **timtireacht** ar cadas min & foiridh emeroidhis & gach uili gn*e* don **daergal*ar***. Item, dentur p*udur* min de & curtar salann trit & fuilidtear arin ngne luibri re n-abur moirfia arin inadh a mbia & croithtear an


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p*udur* air & ic*aidh*. Item, g*abh* ℥ d'agairc & ℥ co leith da **scinannti** & ~~dragma~~ da ʒ da **castorium** & leath-℥ do ~~do~~ sene & bristear co min & dentar **pill*idi*** dib & le sugh aipsinnte & **feineil** & ic*aidh* an tinneas cinn eirghis on gail*i* o cin l*eann*a f*inn*.


13. ***A*grimonia**, **argimonia**: .i. da a*in*m an **marbdroigin** & is l*uibh* t*easaide* tir*im* sa treas ceim e & aderur co fodhnan*n* co mor a foib*er*taib & a ceirinib cum na sul & co comfurtachtaidin*n* {ms folio 51b2} an **radarc** & co n-in*n*arban*n* ~~an~~ salchar na sul & gach docam*lacht*[9](javascript:footNote('G600005/note009.html')) eli da mbinn ortha & co ngearrann ainfbeoil an fabra & co n-innarbann & co togaidh gac teimil eli bis orta & coiscidh a tinneas & foirigh na cn*eadh*a fl*iuch*a & coiscidh **flux fola na srona** & a cur fa cinn an duine na codladh & ni musclann *no* co ma hail leat. Et a brisidh maille re **finegra** & foiridh na faithneadha.




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14. **Agnus castus**: .i. **in meas torc all*aidh*** & is l*uibh* t*easaide* tir*im* he sa 4 ceim & aderuid na dochtuiri crand risin l*uibh* so & is inunn **aghnus castus** re radh & uan geanmnaighi & as uimi aderur sin ris .i. loighdiug*adh* na toili do-ni & bl*ath* na l*uibhi* so as fearr cum an l*eigis* & a tinol isin earrach & berídh a br*igh* re feadh bl*iadhn*a ann & da ndearntar leabaidh da duill*eabhar* & neac da laighi air gan edach aturu bid genmnaighi am*ail* uan & dentur fothragad da {ms folio 51b3} duill*eabhar* na luibi so fon mbandacht & fon fearrdacht & mucaicear an toil & in druis uadha. Bristear an l*uibh* so & coimiltear idir bosaib ar uisce & sitoiltear da eisi & b*ear*btar becan don **castoirium** arin sugh so & toirmiscidtear gac uili **geneamain** ona ol.


Et dentar ceirin da duill*eabhar* na l*uibhi* so & toirmiscidh an easl*ainte* re n-abar **gomoiria**. Et not leat co fuil l*eigis* ann toirmisceas eirghi na **slaiti fearrda** & l*eigis* noch reamaraigheas & techtas ~~an~~ an **sperma** & l*eigis* el*i* noch discaileas & cnaiis an fl*iuchaideacht* & as iat so na l*eigis* remraighis an **sperma** .i. sil an {ms folio 52a1} **lacdaca** & **pisillium** & **sitruilli** & **melones** & **cucuirbita** & **cucumeris** & **porculaca** & **scairiola** & **accetum** .i. **uinegra** **sumac** & **campora** & as iat so na l*eigis* tirmaidheas in sperma & laighdigeas na spiruda am*ail* ata ruib & meas torc all*aigh* & coinnill muire & **cailmint** & **cuimin** & anetum gona cosmaili oir atait so cnaiteac discailteac ac toirmisc na gaethamlachta noc as adbar *d'eirgi na slaite ferrda*[10](javascript:footNote('G600005/note010.html'))




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p.79


Item, g*abh* sug **feineil** & sugh meas toirc all*aigh* & b*ear*btar tri ℥ dan easola orta & sitoiltear & tobair da ol da lucht na hidroipisi & foiridh gach uili idroibpis. Item, g*abh* meas toirc all*aigh* & cainci cailli & b*ear*btar ar uisce & dentar *fothra*gadh**[11](javascript:footNote('G600005/note011.html')) fona huirgib & fon **macl*ac*** di & tirmaidig imurcraid an **macl*aic*** & cumgaid bel an **macl*aic*** innus co tobair an fuil m*ista* co foreigneach & co faiscinn am*ail* adubrumar. Item, g*abh* meas torc all*aigh* & meirsi & **saidsi** & b*ear*btar ar uisce saillti & bearrtar an ceann & coimiltear da chul an cinn & ic*aidh* an gal*ar* re n-abar **litairgia**.


{ms folio 52a2} 15. **Alacon**, **politricum**, **capillus ueniris**: .i. tri hanmanna an **dubcosaigh** & as f*uar* tir*im* mi-measarda hi & ata br*igh* oslaicteac diureticach innte & as mor fognus an alg*id* duinti na n-ae & na seilgi & ainnteasa na mball c*et*na & an l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*badh ar uisce & a tobairt ana digh *no* ceirin da denamh dhi & a cur ar druim na n-ae & foiridh a n-ainnteas & a cruas. Et adeir **Platiairius** gurab mor br*igh* na luibi so ur & gurab bec a br*igh* crin; an l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce co maith & siucra da cumasc trite & a tobairt amail digh & foirigh duinti & ainnteas na n-ae & na seilgi & an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & ola da cur trite & 


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a cur arin ceann & fasaidh an finfad & an l*uibh* c*et*na do bruit ar fin & foirigh gach uili piseog & neimh el*i* air cena. Et not leat nac d*leagar* an dubc*osach* da tabairt an tan beas an t-adbar seimh dil*eaghtha* acht an tan beas reamur neim-dil*eaghtha* gurab uimi sin toirmisctear a tobairt a quabson & a teirciana cona cosmuilib.


{ms folio 52a3} 16. **Alapin**, **cepa mairina**, **scilla**: .i. tri hanmanna an **uinneamuin spainnidh** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & ata br*igh* discailteac diureticach glantach aigi & ata br*igh* marbhtac aigi an tan tic uadha fein co fiadhanta & ata br*igh* comfurtachta na slainti ann an tan curtar co haicideac a ngarrgaibh e. Et gairmid drong ele **cepa marina** de .i. uinniman {ms folio 52b1} muiridhi & an tan curtar a l*eigeas*aib he dl*eagar* a roinn .i. an leath imill*each* dhe da chur amach oir ata br*igh* marbtach ann & an leath inm*edon*ach da cur cum an l*eigis* & cum an oix*imel* darub ainm **scilletorum** & fodn*aigh* an t-oix*imel* so co mor cum dil*eaghtha* adbhuir coid*id*iana & **quartana** & **ilica p*assio*** & **artetica** & an *fir-uinneaman*[12](javascript:footNote('G600005/note012.html')) da bruit ar fin & ar ola & a cur ar druim na n-ae & na s*eilgi* & foirigh a cruas & a tinneas. Item, curtar scilla re v la dh*eag* a fin & an ola & fiuch*adh* da tobairt air & as a haitli *ceir*[13](javascript:footNote('G600005/note013.html')) da cur trit & **uinnemint** da denamh dhe & a coimilt do druim na n-ae & na s*eilgi* & ic*aidh* a cruas & a tinneas & a b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & do-ni mar in c*et*na. Et t*uic* leat na hinair


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imilleacha de da beith ro-th*easaide* ain-measarda & na hinair inm*edon*acha measarda idir tes*aideacht* & f*uaraideacht*.


17. **Alapsa**[14](javascript:footNote('G600005/note014.html')), **galla**, **pomum quersuus**: .i. ubull fasas ar duill*eabar* na darach ata f*uar* ~~tir*im*~~ sa ii ceim & tirim sa treas c*eim* & is {ms folio 52b2} amlaid is maith iat a mbeith trom reamur gan puill innta & ata gne eli dib noch da gabtar annsan **Aisia** & annsan **Afraic** & is bec an gne hisin & ni bid puill innta & ata br*igh* fostoiteach coirtiteach innta araen & adeir **Platiarius** p*udur* da denum dib & a cumusc maille re **finegra** & le g*eal*an ugh & a cur arin **imlican** & arna d*ub*anaib & foirigh **flux** na bronn & **flux** fuail na n-arann. Et b*ear*btar ar uisce fertana & dentar urbruith fon **timtireacht** de & foirid **flux** **disinteria** & emoroighidas. Et a mbrisidh & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar **sisan eorna** & cl*isteri* da denam de & foirigh **stranguria**. Item, b*ear*btar an fer c*et*na ar **finegra** & ar uisce fairgi & curtar farcan ann an tan beas ac fiucadh & a cur ar bel an gaili & foirigh gac uili sceatrach tic o anmainni na b*righ*i. Item, adeir an fear c*et*na *e* da brisidh & a bruith ar uisce fertana & a tobairt ar cadas am*ail* pisairium isin **macloc**c & foirigh **flux** f*ol*a na mban & uair eli a bruith {ms folio 52b3} ar sug c*ruaichi* P*adraig* & a tobairt


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am*ail* adubrumar & do-ni mar in c*et*na. Item, pudur da denam dib & a cumusc le sugh losa an sparain & a fascadh tri edach isin sroin & ic*aidh* **flux** f*ola* na srona. Item, dentar *pudur* de & curtar g*eal*an *uighe* trit & a cur na ceirin arna hairgib & foirigh **flux** f*ola* na srona. Item, dentar p*udur* de & a cur isna cr*eacht*aibh & cneasaigidh na cr*eacht*a co maith. Item, madh all lit an folt da d*ub*adh gab chugad an galla na beit puill ann {ms folio 53a1} & beas trom imlan & b*ear*b ar ola iat *no* co n-ataid ~~attaid~~ & no gu remraigid annsan ola & a tir*m*ugad asa haitli in edaigaib lin & p*udur* min da denamh dibh maille re croicinn *no* le duill*eabar* na cno franccach & cumuisc le huisce fertana an p*udur* so & a mb*ear*b*adh* d'entaib & an folt *no* an fhesoc da nighi as asa haitli & bid dub da eisi & nigtear an folt da eisi a huisce bog ar eagla an croicinn do mill*eadh*.


18. **Albedarug**, **colubrina**[15](javascript:footNote('G600005/note015.html')), **basilicon**: .i. tri hanmanna an **colambin** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & gach neach aga mbi ar im~~ur~~chur *no* a coimilt de ni urcoidighinn naitreaca neime do nait coin confuigh & an l*uibh* so da bruith & a cur arna neas*coid*ibh am*ail* ceirin & brisidh ortha. Item, sugh na l*uibhi* c*et*na *no* an l*uibh* fein da brisidh & a cur arin cr*eacht* a mbi aillsi & ic*aidh* & is maith an aig*id* dorcachta & teimhil an radairc sugh preimhi na l*uibhi* so & blath na {ms folio 53a2} l*uibh*i c*et*na da cur a sroin na mban torrac & do-ni toghluasacht. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da bruith ar fin & co hairithi a prema & togairmid 


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an **f*uil* m*ista*** & a b*ear*b*adh* ar im am*ail* olaid & foiridh an **cosachtach** fuar & an easlainti re n-abur **ematoica** .i. seili fola. Item, is maith hi da glanadh na cr*eacht* maille re pudur **ailime** & ceirin da denamh di. Item, as maith hi da glanadh na haighthi & ceirin da denamh de maille re **finegra** & a cur uirri. Item, prema na l*uibhi* c*et*na da brisid & uisce na h-**ailime** da cur trit & foirid na focmadha.


19. **Alagsandrum**, **masedonica**, **petrusidinum**: .i. tri hanman*n*a an **elistroint**[16](javascript:footNote('G600005/note016.html')) & ata an luib so t*easaide* tir*im* a ndeir*eadh* an dara ceim & Aderur **p*er*silli** **alastroint** risi*n* l*uibh* so & is i*n*an*n* coimpl*easc*[17](javascript:footNote('G600005/note017.html')) do & don **persilli garrdha** & ata br*igh* diureticac innti. Et as mor fognus sil na l*uibhe* so cum an l*eighis* & ata br*igh* discailteac chna{ms folio 53a3}iteac innti & fos ata br*igh* seimhidthi na l*eann*ann reamur innti & comfurtachtaidtear an gaili & medaidtear an totlug*adh* uaithi & brisidh na cl*och*a fuail & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & furtachtaidhid co mor da lucht na higroipisi & fodnuidh co mor da duintib na n-ae & na s*eilgi* an tan tic o adbar fuar & glanaig an t-uct & an scamhan o adbar reamur {ms folio 53b1} l*eann*a find. Et an luib fein da bhrisidh & a chur ana ceirin arin cheand & foiridh an carraighi & in moirfeaa & a brisidh & a cur annsa mbanndacht & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an slanug*adh* & an togluasacht. Et fodhnuigh co mor da luct **coididiana** antribulata & gnathaidhtear sil na l*uibhi* so & seimhig*id* na l*eann*a remra


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p.84



& oslaigidh poiri an coirp innarbaigh mailis na l*eann*ann cintac & togairmidh an **fual** & an t-allus & innarbaidh gaetamlacht an **coilica p*assio*** am*ail* adeir **Isac**.


**Albeston**, **calx uiua**: .i. da ainm ata arin **ael ur** & aseadh as **calx uiua** he an tan nach boinind fliucad ris & folm*uigig* co hoir*eada* l*inn* f*inn* rigin & marbaidh na huili dergnait & mil da croitear a leabaid e & ni dl*eagar* a tob*airt* co haenda ana purgoit gan l*eiges* eli 'na farradh & foiridh na huil*i* d'**finegra** folio" n="53b2"> ainmfeoil bis isna cneadhaibh & marbaidh na peisti gebe inad a mbeid isin corp.


21. **Altea**, **malbua**, **bismalua**: .i. tri hanmanna **an leamhaidh** & aderur an luib so da beith t*easaide* sa ced ceim & fl*iuch* sa ceim tanaisti & as imcub*aidh* 
an luib so d'oirithin *na cneadh* & d'fas a feola. Et fos is imcub*aidh* i isna cl*ister*ib da lucht **teneasmon** & as cumachtach an l*uibh* so an aig*id* leonta na mball & an aig*id* aitt a ngac inad a mbia. Item, prema na l*uibhi* so do bruith & a mbrisid & bl*onag* muice da cur tritu & foirigh gach uili att & teinneas neimh da curtar an gum darub ainm terbentina trit foiridh mar an cedha gac uili att & neimh. Item, an l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* & a sugh da cur annsa **macl*ac*** & glanaidh e ona salcar & furtachtaidh on tinnis. Et adeir **Platiairus** ceirin da denamh don l*uibh* so an aig*id* thinnis & tirmaidh na f*eitheadh*. Et an l*uibh* so {ms folio 53b3} da bruith cona premhaibh & foiridh gac uil*i* tinneas na mball ana urbruith


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& ina ceirin. Et as maith e an aig*id* disinteria & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & furtachtaidh cuirrineacht na brond mar an c*ed*na & as maith an aig*id* anntoili f*earrdha* e. Et adeir **Av*icenn*a** gurab nor laighdigheas praiseach na l*uibhi* so tinnis na cl*oichi* fuail arna hol. Et leamhach da bruith ar fin no ar leamnucht & scailidh ceangal na fola bis {ms folio 54a1} a mbroinn na mban a haitli an toirrcisa. Item, bristear an l*uibh* so & a bruith ar oluid & ar **finegra** & inarbaidh coin adairci na haitce & gl*anaidh* hi ona salcur & ona fatudna. Et as maith an l*uibh* so arna cr*eachta* tirma & a brisidh & a cumasc le mil. Item, an l*uibh* so da brisidh & a bruith ar ola & foirigh greim na con confaidh & gac uili loscadh teneadh & uisci am*ail* adeir **Isac**. Et ceirin da denamh don l*uibh* seo & **blonag m*uice*** do chur triti & foiridh cruas na seilgi & na n-ae am*ail* adeir **Pl*atiairi*us** & as imcub*aidh* ros na l*uibhi* so da bruith ar leamnacht & furtachtaidh*idh* lucht na **heitice** amuil adeir **Platiairius**.


22. **Aloe**, **epaticum**, **cicotrinum**: .i. tri hanmanna na h-**aloese** & sugh luibe e & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & ni mor lagas & as iat so an da gne as fearr dhi .i. **cicotrinum**{ms folio 54a1} & epaticum & ar dath na n-ae as maith iat & a mbeith dorcha so-bristi & gan a mbeith drocbl*asta* na do-balaidh & ata folm*ugadh* l*eann*a f*inn* & na l*eann*ann remur innti on gail*i* & ona hinnib & ata br*igh* glanta na hinchinne & br*igh* comfurtachta na feitidh & coiscidhthi na


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ndeataighe innte & ni dl*eaghar* a tob*airt* an aimser ro-the na ro-fuair & ni dl*eaghar* a tob*airt* don lucht ara mbi **flux** f*ol*a an **daerghal*air*** & da tuctar dl*eaghar* **ainis** & **maisdix** & **gum araibi** da cumusc mar aen ris & as mor foghnus do cosc deor na sul & a pudar da chur isna cn*eadh*aib & fasaidh a feoil.


23. **Alphur**, **flos fraxini**: .i. **blath na fuinnseoigi** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa treas ceim & croicin & sil an crainn so do bruith ar uisce & an duine ara mbia **flux** a haitli purgoidi da cur ann conuig a **imlican** & farcan na fuinnseoigi da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce fertana & a ol & {ms folio 54a3} foirigh gach uili **flux** & a bearbadh ar **finegra** & croicinn an croin c*et*na & edach lin do tuma ann & & ~~&~~ a chur arin ngaili & ic*aid* a tinneas & premr ~~r~~usc an croinn so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin no co ndech a trian fai & furtachtaidh luct na s*eilgi* & folm*uigid* l*inn* d*ubh*.


24. **Allusal**, **cepa**: .i. da ainm {ms folio 54b1} an **uinneamhain gharrda** & ata se teas*aide* fl*iuch* sa treas ceim & comfurtachtaid & calmaig*id* an gaili & an dil*eagadh* & medaigaid an tothlug*adh* & innarb*aid* brentus na fiacal & na hanala. A brisidh & a cumasc le mil no le **finegra** & a cur ar greim na con confaidh co ceann an treas la & a atarrach *an 3 la* ar eagla na neimhe d'impod aris. Item, g*abh* sug uinneamhain & ~~imain &~~ bainne cic & a cumasc trina celi & a chur i sin cl*uais* & foirigh gach tinneas cl*uaise*. Item,


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fos bristear an t-uinneaman & coimiltear ar uisce fuar & tobair da ol don tia o teit a urlabra & foiridh e co luath. Item, sugh uinneamain da cur bog isin sroin & glanaidh an in~~n~~chinn o imurcaid l*eann*a finn reamuir. Item, g*abh* sugh uinnimain & **blonaig c*ir*ci** & a mb*ear*badh le ceili & foiridh an giba & na gaga. Item, bristear uinneaman & bruithtear he ar **finegra** & coimiltear e don inad a mbeid {ms folio 54b2} na faitneadha & foirid iat co luath. Et tuig leat mad ailt a fis an eireocaidh an t-othur g*abh* uinneamhan, bruith fon luait & cuir fona sroin & da di as coimeolaidh a tsroin & muna ti ni mothoca teas na boltanugh an uinneamain. Item, na huinneamain da gearrad & asa fetita mar aen riu & foiridh gal*ar* na mban re n-abar **suficacio m*atricis*** & **presuficacio m*atricis*** & a cur ar smeroidib dearga & a ndeathac da ligin fon **macl*ac***. Item, togairmidh gnath*ughadh* na n-uinneamun an **f*uil* m*ista*** co ger agna mnaibh & foiridh arna cur tri mil cailicin na sul.




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25. **Alumen**, **stipteria**, **sucarium**: .i. tri hanmanna na h-**ailime** & aderur a beit t*easaide* ti*rim* sa iiii c*eim* & ata br*igh* cnalteac tirmaidteac alci & fotracad da denam d'**ailim** & da tsal*ann* d'fer na higroipisi & foiridh an igroipis. Item, p*udur* do denam do cuide{ms folio 54b3}ogaib & d'**ailim** trina ceili & a cur an inad a mbia aillsi & foiridh hi. Item, p*udur* da denamh dhi & a cur arna cr*eacht*aib a mbia ainmfeoil & foiridh e & ic*aid* sreama na sul & uisce na hailmi da cur arna sreamaib & seangaid & tirmaid iat. Item, bruit mil & **finegra** & beirb *no*co mbia a tigi meala & pudur na h-**ailimi** da cur trit aindsein & greim {ms folio 55a1} da congmail isin bel de & daingnigidh na fiacla & cruadaig feoil na fiacul & atait tri gneiti uirri .i. **rotunndum** & **licidum** & **scissum** & asi **scissum** gnathaidtear againne & a tirtaib ro-t*easaide* da gabur i. Item, adeir **Platiairius** uisce na h-**ailime** da chur a feadanaib linnighan & foiridh iat. Item, gab raib & allim, comtrom do g*ach* n*i*, & b*eir*btear ar **finegra** & foirigh gach uili carraige & aderaid na doctuiri gurub i is maighistir da gach uili dath.


26. **Ambra**, **spearma ceti**: .i. **coimpeirt an mil moir** & as mor fodnus. As imcubaighi an aig*id* na heipil*epsia* i; g*abh* **cnaimh craige an fiada** & doen casnaidheach de & cuir **ambra** trit & a cur a soitheac gloine ar smearoidigib derga {ms folio 55a2}
& leagar a bal*ad* fo bel & fo sroin fir na heipil*epsia* & 


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foirig gan aimirus & ata br*igh* comfurtachta an craighe ann da r*eir* **Platiairius** gurab uime sin as imcub*aid* i da lucht an cairdiaca & na **sinc*oipise*** .i. gab **ambra** & **lignum aloeis** & cnaimh craigi an fhiada, urdail da gac n*i*, cumuisctear le sugh ruibi & dentar **pill*aide*** dib & caitear a haitli na codac & foghnuidh co mor an aig*id* eipil*epsia* & na n-easl*aint*eadh adubrumar. 


27. **Ambrosiana**, **eupatorium**, **lilifagus**: .i. tri hanmanna **na hiubair sl*eibe*** & ata si teas*aide* sa c*et* ceim & tirim sa ii c*eim* & aderur **saidsi coill*eadh*** risin luib so & is mor a br*igh* ur & as bec a br*igh* crin & as mor fodnus si an aig*id* **quartana** & **coididiana** & an aig*id* na **pairilisi** uil*idighe* *no* rannaighi & an aig*id* na higroipisi re n-abur alsiteis & an aig*id* na buideocairi tic o duintib n{ms folio 55a3}a n-ae & as aml*aid* da berur hi .i. an luib so da bruith ar sug meirsi & mil & **finegra** da cur trite & a tob*airt* am*ail* **sir*oip*** & foirig cruas na s*eilge*. Et as do buadaib na *luibi* an f*uil* m*ista* da togairm & glanaid slidti an f*uail* & **fidhisi** na n-arann on a ngaineam. Item, tobair sugh na l*uibhi* so & eitneadha sirin da tobairt da n-ol & marb*aid* na huili peisti bis a corp duini.


28. **Anabulla**, **titimaillus**: {ms folio 55b1} .i. **gerraneime** & is luib t*easaide* tir*im* sa treas *ceim* e da *reir* na ndochtuiredh & in luib so do tinol isna laeib re n-abur **dieis cainicalareis** & a cumusc a haitle a bristi re mil & 



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a bearbadh no go mbia a tige meala & a taisci a mbucsa glan & geraidtear na leigis l*actacha* leis & folmuig*id* l*inn* f*inn* saillti & fiabrus morgaithi **coididiana** & ni dl*eagar* an leiges so do tobairt acht dona dainibh aga mbia inne remurra & meadon feolmur oir da mbeitis na hinni tana daba egal **flux** **disinteria** da tiacht & as maith e bruith & as olc omh an luib so.


29. **Amedum**, **amillum**: .i. l*eiges* do-nitear da sugh na cr*uithneacht*a & adeir **Platiairius** co fuil an l*eiges* so tes*aide* fl*iuch* co measurda & aderuid dochtuire ele an l*eiges* so da beit fuar tirim co measurda & as mar so do-nitear é .i. gab cr*uithneacht* glan *no* eorna remur glan & a chur an uisce fuar re lo co n-aitchi & na hatruidtear an t-uisce so no go mboga an gran & a brisedh & a fascad tri edach & a tirmugad le grein *no* le tene *no* co mbia na p*udur* & a denamh am*ail* **pot*aiste*** & as maith e da tirmug*ad* na fl*iuchaideachta* imurcach bis isna corpaibh co hinm*edon*ach. Item, amedum da chumasc & sarcacolla .i. gum & a cumusc trina ceili co maith & a cur ar ing lín & a chur ar druim na sul & foiri{ms folio 55b2}dh a fl*iuchaideacht* & a nd*eir*gi. 
Item, **pot*aiste*** da denamh de & siucra g*eal* da chur ann & glanaidh an t-ucht & na scamana & cr*eacht*a an coirp co hinm*edon*ac gurab uime sin as mor fognas an aig*id* na cosachtaidhi & na l*eann*ann seimh silteach tic on incinn & da nderntar d'eorn*a* he & a cumasc le bainne ~~le bainn~~ almont & is mor foghnus an aig*id* na **tisisi** & na 


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**heitice** & *cr*eachta** na scamhan. Et adermaid gan an l*eiges* so da ro-gnathugh*adh* dona dainib le rab eagail cl*och*a arann no lesa da beit innta & as mor foghnus an l*eiges* so an aig*id* na l*eann*ann toitis chum na sul & an aig*id* cr*eachta* na fabra.


30. **Ancula alba**, **scabiosa**: & ata se t*easaide* ti*rim* sa ii ceim & an luib so da brisidh & a bruith ar **bl*onaig* muice** *no* re hola & foirigh an carraighi & sugh na l*uibhi* so do coimilt don **bruitidain** & foiridh. Item, eabar iiii dragma {ms folio 56a1} da sug na luibi so & foirigh an luibri re n-abar allapisia. Item, bearbtar an luib so & **gairleog** cailli ar fin & curtar te arin **timtireacht** & icaidh an easl*ainte* re n-abar emoroigideis & a chur am*ail* ceirin isin inad c*et*na & foirigh bolga na **timtireachta** & fos fodnuid an ceirin c*et*na an aig*id* n*eascoid* na **timtireachta** & **teneasmon** & an aig*id* an rema fuair isna sean-dainibh & a berbad ar fin & a tobairt da ol. Et ceirin da denamh don l*uibh* so & gealan *uighe* trit & foirigh an n*eascoid* re n-abur **antrax**. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** sugh na luibi so da cur sa cluais an aig*id* na buigri & foiridh an buighri. Et adeir **Maitcer** ceirin da denam don luib so & d'im gan saland & foirid teinnis na taebh & na n-arann & in l*uibh* c*et*na da bruith ar mil & foirigh an cosactach tirim. Et lan leighe da sug na luibhi si da tobairt da ol & foiridh olc na mban & gac uili neim da caitinn neach & a brisidh & bl*onaig* m*uice* {ms folio 56a2} trit brisidh na neascoidi am*ail* adeir **Averoeis**.




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31. **Aillium**: .i. an **gairleog**, t*easaide* tir*im* a m*edon* an iiii ceim da reir **Plaitiairius**; **gairleog** omh & a cur ar cn*eadh*aibh n*a* con confaidh & foirid iat. **Gairleog** da brisidh *& a br*uit ar leamnacht & a ol 'na bolgumaib beca & foirid easlainti an scamain tic o fua r*aideacht* & as imcub*aidh* i an aigaidh na higroipisi fuairi & galair na n-arann & teinnisa in cind tic o f*uaraideacht*. **Gairleog** do minug*adh* & bl*onag* geidh triti & a sug da cur bog isin cluais a meid bic foirid tinneas na cl*uais*i tic o fuar*aideacht*. Gairleoc da b*ear*b*adh* ar im ur & foirid in t-**asma** & easl*ainti* an cl*eibh* tic o f*uaraideacht*. Ceirin da gairleoig & da blonaic muici da chur arin **timtireacht** & foiridh **teneasmon** & tinnis na **timtireachta** & is imcub*aidh* an ceirin c*et*na an aghaidh gac uile {ms folio 56a3} aitt tic o fuar*aideacht*. **Gairleog** da catamh ar c*et* longad an aimsir an aeir truaill*nigthi* & as mor fognas gairl*eog* da chur fon fiacuil teinn & foirid a teinnis tic o fuar*aideacht*. Gnatocan na gairl*eoige* tirmaig*idh* na hinne & an gaili & togairmid an lubra & mania & freinisis & anbaindigi*dh* an **radarc** & as mor urcoidig*idh* da lucht l*eann*a r*uaigh* & as imcubaidh i da lucht {ms folio 56b1} l*eann*a find & do lucht na n-easlainteadh fuar oir ata bridh discailteach cnaiteach na l*eann*ann fl*iuch* innte & innarbuidh gach ~~gac~~ uili neim & ~~to~~gairmidar na seandaine icslainte na mbatlach dhi.


Item, gab **salunn** & mil & eitneadha na cno nGaeidilach & gairl*eog*, comtrom da g*ach* n*i*, cumasctar & curtar 'na ceirin ar greim na con confaidh & foirid e & ni



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aitheirgind an n*eimh* asa haitli & an comsuig*iughadh* c*et*na da cur isna cn*eadh*aib & foirid iat o gach uili urcoit & feadanacht & linnigha. **Gairleog** da brisid fuar & a coimilt dan carraige & dan bruitigain & da moirfea & glanaid iat. Pud*ur* na gairl*eoige* arna loscad da chur isna cneadaib salca do-cneasaigthi & cneasaig*idh* iat; **gairleog** da brisid *&* a catamh co gnath & foirig gairbi in gotha noc brisis a fuar*aideacht*. {ms folio 56b2} Item, gab g*airleog* & pibar & **persilli** & piletra & sugh mindtais & **finegra** & cumuisctear trit a ceili & caitear & foirig **lumbrisi** & oslaigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilgi* f& fognaid an aig*idh* **stranguria** & **disuria**. Ingne gairl*eoige* arna glanad da cur isin **maclog** & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista*** am*ail* adeir **Constantin** *no* an gairl*eog* da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & in bean da chur ann co nuigi a himleinn & togairmig*idh* an **f*uil* m*ista***. Gairl*eog* da catamh ar c*et* lo*n*gad & ni urcoidigind uisce duit an la sin. A catamh re ndul ar fairrgi & ni denand murgal*ar* na fairrgi urcoid duit an la sin. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & foiridh an buideochair am*ail* adeir **Macer**. A catam mar in c*et*na & bogaid cruas na bronn. Et ni denann plaig na neim urcoid duit an la caiteas tu i ar c*et* longad.


32. **Acantum**, **semen urtice**: .i. **ros na neannta** & adeir **Maitcer** **ros na neannta** da brisidh & a bruith ar ola & a


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coimilt dona pulsaib & togairmidh an t-allas. Item, da mbia an gruag a toitim sugh na luibi so da coimilt don ceann a haitle a bearrta & coiscid tuitim an fuilt. Item, adeir an fear c*et*na da coimiltear {ms folio 57a1} an luib so d'iartar na n-ainmhinnteadh co tigid so-dair.


33. **Anetam**: .i. luib; teas*aide* sa ii ceim & aderuid drong ele co fuil si tirim sa treas ceim & glanuigh cl*och*a an lesa & na n-arunn & uair ann brisidh iat & beirid a brigh annso gu ceann tri mbl*iadhan* gemadh ferr co nua hi & ata br*igh* discailteach diuireticac innte & ata br*igh* togairmiti na f*ola* m*ista* co hailginach innti & figeada da chur a sugh na l*uibhe* so la co n-aithi & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar fin arna maireac & a tobairt da ol don ti a mbia easl*ainte* cl*eibh* *no* **cosachtach** & foirigh & pudur da denamh da sil na luibi si & da ros neannta an pudur sin da crotad arin inad a mbia emaroighideis & foirigh e & as mor foghnus an luib so d'furtacht teinnis na brond & da togairm an {ms folio 57a2} codlata & chum na neascoideadh remur da n-aipiug*adh* & d'innarbud l*eann*a finn asna ball*ibh* co hinm*edon*ach. Et co l*eighes*inn an fail tic o linugh & a bruith ar **blonaig** *no* ar ola & foirigh an crupan tic o linad & a tirmug*adh* & pudar da denam di & a crotad isna cn*eadh*aib no isna cr*eacht*aib.


34. **Antera**, **flos rose**: .i. bl*ath* an rosa & ata se fuar isin ced ceim & tirim sa dara ceim & ceirin do denamh de &


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a chur arin tene d*iadh* & foiridh hi & foirigh an ceirin c*et*na fiucadh & tesbach beil an gaili & **ros** da bruith ar uisce & a brisidh & g*ea*lan *uighe* da cur trit & a cur 'na ceirin arna suilib & foirigh teasbach & deirge na sul & a bruit ar fin & coisgidh **flux** na bronn & na fola m*ista*. Et fodnuig **uisce na roisi** an aig*id* na n-uili ainnteas. Et adeir **Raisis** ceirin {ms folio 57a3} da denam don **ros** ur & foiridh gac uili att tic co n*adurtha* *no* co haicideac. Et tuig leat da reir **Platiairius** an tan caitear e arna tirmug*adh* co fuil br*igh* fastogtheach ann an tan caitear ur he co fuil brigh l*acthach* ann & folmaigti l*eann*a r*uaigh* & co hairiti an tan cumaisctear e re reubarbrum he. Et adeir **Platiairius** gurab de so do-nitear meal rosasiam & aqua rosasium & siucra rosasiam & siropus r*osasius*. Et fognaid co mor na saethraigi so an aig*id* na n-easlainteadh t*easaide* & an aig*id* tinnis an chinn {ms folio 57b1} & na n-airged[18](javascript:footNote('G600005/note018.html')) amuil ata olium rosasiam & fognuid an aig*id* na **heitice** & na **sinc*oipise*** & an aig*id* **flux** na bronn & na sceatraige noch do-nitear o l*inn* r*uagh* & comfurtachtadtear ona saetraigib so an incinn & an craidi & fognuid an agaid fl*iuchaideachta* an t-**sine tseaain** & d'innarbud fiabruis **quartana**. Et adeir **Maitcer** p*udur* da denum don **ros** d*ear*g & a cur isna cn*eadh*aib & glanuidh iat ona salcur & da curtar an bl*ath* c*et*na ar loscud tenig no uisce maille re g*ealan* uighi ni teit an urchoit.




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35. **Anisum**, **ciminum dulse**: .i. an **ainis** & ata si teas*aide* tirim sa treas c*eim* & ata si co cnaiteach discailteac diureticach & as mor fognus si an aigaidh langanaighi & bructaid fuairi an gaili & an aghaid gac uili tinnis na n-inneadh {ms folio 57b2} tic o fuar*aideacht* & an aig*idh* na buigri .i. **ainis** da bruith ar sugh losa *no* uinneamain & aen bainne da chur sa chluais & icaidh a buigri & a tinnis & an ben gnataideas medaigi an bainne cich & an fear medaigid a sperma isna huirgib aige. Item, an aig*id* droch-datha tig o bualad no o tuitim arin croicinn **ainis** da cur tri ciaraig & foirig e & an ceir da cur bog air. Item, adeir **Platiairius** an l*uibh* so da bruith maille re luigib eli diureticac[19](javascript:footNote('G600005/note019.html')) & oslaigidh duinte na n-ae & na s*eilge*.


36. **Apum domisdicum**: .i. **an meirsi garrda** & aderur an luib si do beit tes*aide* t*irim* sa iii ceim. Et adeir **Platiairius** gurub ferr a sil so chum an l*eigis* nan luib fein & as mor fognus mar ceirin cum na sul maille re plur arain gil & sug na l*uibhe* so trit & fodnuigh mar an c*et*na cum na cic. Item, g*abh* duill*ebar* na luibi so {ms folio 57b3} & coimiltear da cul cinn an fir ar mbia **litairgia** & a sug da cur annsa sroin ag an fer c*et*na & furtachtaig e. Itim, an aig*id* aitt & tinnis beil an gaili prema **meirsi** da bruith ar fin finn & a ol & ic*aidh* & **meirsi** ana aenur da chur ar cn*eadh* & ni dingna urcoid da eisi. Item, sil na luibi so da bruit ar **finegra** & coiscid an sceatrac tic o adbur fuar


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l*eann*a f*inn*. Item, adeir **Raisis** na daine ara mbia droc-{ms folio 58a1}gne a haitli easl*ainte* **meirsi** omh da tobairt da ithe doib & tiadhuit ana crut fein aris. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisid & a coimilt ar uisce & foirigh an **f*iabras* coididana** & adeir an fear *c*et*na* eugh mei*r*si & **feineil** oiread da gach sugh & a tobairt da ol d'fear na higroipisi & ic*aidh* he. Item, g*abh* sug **meirsi** & amillam & g*eal*an uighi & mil & a cumusc & a cur isna cr*eacht*aib & glanuigh & slanaighid iat. Et tuic leath co fuilit gneithe imda arin **meirsi** .i. **aipium** ~~&~~ ranarum *.i.* imas na lathfan & aipium risus .i. imas an gairi & comfurtachtaidh se an tsealg ag innarbadh l*eann*a d*uibh* uaithi gurub adbar dan gairi sin & aipium emaroidarum noch as imcubaig cum an **daergal*air***. Et adeir **Platiairius** nach dl*eaghai*d na mna torrcha an **meirsi** da gnath*ughadh* oir sleamnaig*id* & bogaid na sreabainn bis a timcill an toirrcisa innas gurab cuis don toglua{ms folio 58a2}sact sin & da ngnataidhid bigh n*eascoide* morg*aith*e arna leanbaibh. Et seacnad an banaltra a glacadh na a tadall ar eagla an leinimh do dul an **eipil*ensia*** oir ata an ais leanmhaighe maille re moran fl*iuchaideachta* re hanbainne br*igh*e & re becan an teasa & le hanmainne br*ighe* & re duintib na poireadh & as iat sin na cuisi ullmaigeas neac chum **epil*ensi*a**.


37. **Auripimentum**, **arsenicum**: .i. anmanna **an argalluimh** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa iiii ceim & ata br*igh* discailteach atairrngteac glantach aigi & is imcubaigh e


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an aig*id* cosachtaidhi na leanam, scrubul da p*udur* aurupimentum da cur tri bainne no tri uig laigdhe & foirig e & as mait an aig*id* **easma** & na cosachtaidi cruaighi p*udur* an argallaimh da cur {ms folio 58a3} ar smeroidib & a deathac da ligin ina mbel & comfurtachtaid hi. Item, g*abh* dragma d'argallaim & a da oiread da gallainig & cumuisc trina celi & coimil don inad a mbia moirfeaa & an bruitigha & ic*aidh*. Item, g*abh* p*udur* argallaimh & ola coitcend & cumuisctear trina celi & curtar arna bruisingib & ic*aidh* hi. {ms folio 58b1}


[20](javascript:footNote('G600005/note020.html')) 38. **Arracia**, **attriplex**: .i. **eilitreog** & ata si teas*aide* sa c*et* ceim & fl*iuch* sa ii & as mor fognas an aig*id* tirmaig na n-inneadh tic o l*inn* ruagh loiscithi & **pot*aiste*** da denamh di ar c*et* longadh .i. **eanbruithi** caerach & lagaid an bru co hailginach. Item, g*abh* elitreog & mercuirial & leamac m*aighe* & **borr*aiste*** & **sail c*uach*** & bruith ar im nua & curtar **ainis** innti & tobair ar fin *no* ar lind te & eabur re loighe & foirig an cosactach & lagaidh an bru. Item, g*abh* an luib c*et*na & prema gloiriam & dubcosach & crimh muc f*iadh* & bun **milbocan** & eigrim & gurmaill & b*ear*btar ar fin & sitoiltear & curtar mil gl*an* trit & eabur mocrach & re loighi & foirigh salcar na n-arann & an lesa. Item, an luib c*et*na da timperail tri **finegra** & a chur 'na ceirin arna haltaib & foiridh gal*air* na n-alt mar at*a* **arteitica** & **potagra** cona cosm*aili*b.




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39. **Arigentum uium**: .i. an t-**airgid beo** & ata se t*easaide* fl*iuch* sa 4 ceim & ata br*igh* toll*ta* & gerrta & discailti aigi & is mor d'aimsir fetur a coimed ana br*igh* a beit fein a soiteac dunta & an inad fuar. Et aderur gurab mor fodnus an aig*id* na **mil** & na **sneadh** & gac uili salcur bis arin folt & min na ponairi da chur trit {ms folio 58b2} & a b*ear*badh ar **finegra** am*ail* litin & an tan beas fuar an t-**airgid beo** da cur ann am*ail* meid leath ℥ de & a cumasc go mait & a coimilt don folt *no* don finnfad & foirigh e o gach urcoid bhis ana dhiaigh. Et as follus gurab mor urcoidigeas deatac an airgid beo da gac neac re mbaineann oir bogaid se na feiti & ullmaigh lat cum **pairilisi** & an tan teit annsa cl*uais* no sa mbel marbaid gan fuireac neach & da tegmad co racad annsa mbel tobair **bainne gobair** do a med moir & na hanad ag leimnid & a surdallaigh & b*ear*btar **isoip** & **aipsint** do ar lind *no* ar fin & eabar & muna dearntar da geib bas gan fuireach. Et da mbia truaill*eadh* arin aig*id* o l*inn* finn tsaillte no an easl*ainte* re n-abar serpigho .i. deir {ms folio 59a1} gab prema corrcopoige & bris co min & cuir im *g*an salann & **blonaig m*uice*** trit & becan d'airgead beo a cumasc & a coimilt dan deir no don tsalcar & ic*aidh*. Fognaid premha na muinge miri *no* prema **stafisagria** an inadh na corrcopoigi & tarraingtear snaithi olla trit an l*eiges* so adubrumar & a ceangal fon folt & marbaidh na mila & na sneadha amuil adubramar. Et tuic leat co bfuil*id* .u. br*igh*a aigi brig discailteach & br*igh* tollus na ranna dluithi remra et br*igh* cnaidheas an


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fl*iuchaideacht* & br*igh* glanas an salcar & br*igh* innarbus na himurcaca. Et as amhlaidh marbtar dasact an airgid beo .i. le seili duine & le **luaith**. Item, agairead beo[21](javascript:footNote('G600005/note021.html')) da cumusc le hola & le uinegra le serusa & a cumusc & a cur arin carraigi & foirigh an luibri & gach salcar & fognuigh commorain da neicib eli.


40. **Asufetida**: .i. gum crainn & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & gac med bus bren hi is moidi a luach & is uaislidi hi & ata brigh discailteach aipidtheach ann & is mor fognus an aig*id* easl*ainte* an cl*eibh* tic o adbar fuar. Et adeir **Platiairius** gurub mor fodnus **asafeitita** maille re **sir*oip*** na uiola an aig*id* **asma** & disnia & an aig*id* an **quartana** & an aig*id* cruais na s*eilge* & an aig*id* **arteitica** & **pairilisi** & **eipil*ensia*** & fuardachta na hinchinne a coitcinne & gach uil*i* easl*ainte* fuair air cheana.




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41. **Aroistoloia longa**, **ar*oistolola* rotunda**: .i. **an stoinsi cruinn** & **an stoinsi fada**; ata se teas*aide* sa ii ceim & tirim sa ced ceim & a brisidh & a tobairt ar uisce & foirigh gac uili neimh & a brisidh & a coimilt ar fin *no* ar lind & togairmidh an slant{ms folio 59a3}ug*adh* dona mnaibh & a bruit ar mil & a fascad tri eda*ch* *lin &* lan leige d'ol de gac lae & as maith ar gac uili esl*ainte* fuair & a brisid & **blonaig m*uice*** da cur trit & tairrngidh gach uili arm *no* dealg amach co cumachtac & a brisid & mil da chur trit & glanaig & slanai*gidh* na cn*eadh*a & a coimilt ar fin & a ol & foirig an **spasmus** & foirig fos cuirrineach na bronn & **sireagra** & **potagra** & **artetica** noch thic o adbur fuar. {ms folio 59b1} A brisidh & a coimilt ar uisce & a tobairt roimh aix*is* **f*iabrasa* coididiana** & **quartana**. Stoinsi da brisidh & p*udur* da denam de & an p*udur* sin da crotad ar teinigh & ruagaidh na demna as an tigh a croitear. Item, bristear premha na luibi so & a cur a pollaib na linnighan & foirigh hi & eabur an luib c*et*na ar uisce *no* ar dig eli & coiscidh an fail. Et tuic leat co fognunn **an stoinsi fada** an inad an **stoinsi cruinn** & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurub fearr an **stoinsi cruinn** cum an l*eigis* na an **stoinsi fada** & mairigh a br*igh* leis co ceann tri mbl*iadan* & a mi Octoibir dl*eagar* a prema da buain cum an l*eigis* & a taiscidh conuig an c*et*na & fognuigh co ceann tri mbl*iadan* cum an l*eigis*. Et adeir an fear c*et*na gach uili prem foghnus cum an l*eigis* gurab ann is fearr hi cum an l*eigis* ar tuitim a


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duill*ebair* & gach uili duill*ebar* fodnus & bointear cum an
 l*eigis* gurab ann as fearr a buain chuigi an tan fasas a bl*ath* uirri. et atait tri {ms folio 59b2} br*igh*a annsa l*uibh* so .i. br*igh* icslainti & br*igh* discailteach & br*igh* cnaiteach. Et mad ailt an leanamh marb d'innarbugh an luib so da bruith ar fin & ar ola & a cur amuil ceirin fa sliasaid deis na mna a ngaire da lochaib blene & furtachtuigh co luath hi. Et gearraid p*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na an ainmfeoil asna cn*eadh*aib *no* asna feadanaib linnighan. Et p*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na & pibur da bruith ar **eanbruithi** foirig teinnis ~~a~~na bronn. Et p*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da chur ar uisce te & coiscigh rigur **fiabrus antribullata**.


42. **Artamesia**, **mater herbarum**: .i. **an buatfallan *liath*** & ata se teas*aide* tir*im* sa treas ceim & a bruith ar bainne *no* ar fin no ar lind & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & glanaig an **macl*ac*** & a coimilt fuar ar fin *no* ar lind & do-ni mar in c*et*na & a brisid & a chur am*ail* ceirin arin **imlican** & togairmidh an f*uil* {ms folio 59b3} m*ista* & a brisid & a coimilt ar uisce *no* ar fin & a tobairt da mnai con ighinaib & b*eir*id a **toirrceas** co luat & an l*uibh* c*et*na da ceangal fana sliasaid a ngairi don banndact & beirigh leanamh & beartar an l*eanamh* uaithi co luath da eisi ar eagla an **macl*ac*** da tarraing amach dhi & as mor fognus an l*uibh* so an aig*id* greime na con confaigh & na ndeoc neime & an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & a cur ar lind ur & fognuigh chum na neitidh


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adubrumar & an l*uibh* c*et*na da briseadh {ms folio 60a1} & a chur tri blonuig muici & a cur fona cosaib a haitli siubuil & foirig a tinneas & an cortaidi & an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & a cur ar cloit dearg & a deatac da ligin fo fear **teneasmon** & foirig e & as maith an luib c*et*na da chur 'na ceirin arna gearbaib & foiridh iat & adeir **Platiairius** gurab e ur & duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* so as fearr chum an l*eigis* & mairigh a br*igh* re bl*iadhain* ann chum gac neich da ndubrumur & coiscid an aimrideacht tic o fl*iuchaidheacht* an **macl*aig*** & medaig*id* an aimrideacht tic ona tirmaideacht. Item, an luib c*et*na & duill*ebar* an laibriola da bruith ar uisce & a deatach do ligin fon mbanndacht & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista***. Item, an luib c*et*na & n*e*anntog muiri da brisid & a cur 'na ceirin arna heasbaib & foirig. Item, an luib c*et*na da brisid & a bruith ar fin & foirid sefailia & **emagrania** & adeir **Platiairius** gurub imcubaigh an l*uibh* so isna neas*coid*ib cleib mar ata p*eri*pleumonia & pleurisis & fognaid an l*uibh* cet{ms folio 60a2}na & sugh tenecail da fritbualad an adbair a nga*ch* uili neascoid.


43. **Athanasia**, **tanesetum**: .i. **lus na francc** & as t*easaide* tir*im* hi & ni fadar a ceim ona hugdaraib & as inann atanasia & ni toirmisceas an bas & coimedus an beata oir ni leiginn bas a ngairi na ndaine gnathuigheas hi & fodnuigh co hairithi dona mnaib ara mbi **flux** fola co himurcac. Et gac uili **flux** ro-seimh coil*er**da* tic o


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p.104



seimigheacht na fola *no* o oslugad na poireadh & as mait an l*uibh* so ana ceirin & 'na deochaib da toirmeasc. Et foghnuigh an aig*id* tsalcair na fola & an aig*id* na heaslainti re n-abur filun & co hairithi a mi Mai as br*igh*muire an l*uibh* so & as cumachtach í ar moran da gal*raibh* & as mor fognus an luib so an aig*id* **flux na bronn** amhail ata diarria & **lienteria** & **disinteria**. Item, bristear an {ms folio 60a3} luib so & curtar g*eal*an *uighe* triti & a cur fona hairgibh & foirigh **flux** fola na srona. Item, an l*uibh* so da tirmugadh & p*udur* da denamh di & p*udur* **sinseir** da cur trite & p*udur* ainise & **gailingan** & **cainel** & minntais & na p*uduir* so da cur ar **pot*aiste*** *no* ar **eanbruithi** & fodnuigh co mor da calmug*adh* an ~~di~~ dileaghadh.


44. **Athasar**, **polem regale**: .i. **poiliol ruibel** & {ms folio 60b1} ata si t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & is mor fognus an l*uibh* *so* an aig*id* na neime & co hairiti an tan caiteas neac luibi ana fuil br*igh* neime am*ail* ata an **tatabha** no an **corrcopog** *no* an **mong mer**& na luibe marbtaca & fognuig fos dona dainib do-geib tuitim *no* combrugad no bis gan labra & a hol ar dig eigin. Et an luib so da brisidh & a tobairt ar **finegra** & innarbaidh l*inn* d*ubh* & a congmail annsa bel & fognuig an aig*id* aitt & teinnis an t-**sine seaain** & a bruit ar *fin* no ar lind & togairmidh an f*ual* & an **f*uil* m*ista*** & a b*ear*b*adh* mar in c*et*na & comfurtacht*a*id an gaili & toirmiscidh cuirrineach & gaethamlact na n-innead. Item,


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an luib so da congmail fada annsa bel & foirig teinneas na fiacul. Item, dentar ceirin don luib so maille re plur cr*uithneacht*a & foirid tinnis na feiteadh & fognuig an l*uibh* so co mor da marb*adh* peistidh na n-inneadh re n-abuir lumbrisi.


45. **Auansia**, **gairiofilata**: .i. **an macall** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* annsa ii ceim & as mo br*igh* a duill*ebair* na a preimhe & ata br*igh* discailteach cnaiteach oscailteach inti & togairmigh fotragad na luibi so an **f*uil* m*ista*** & foghnuidh an fotracad c*et*na an aig*id* **coilica *passio*** & foghnuigh fos an aig*id* teinnis an ghaili & gaethamlact na n-innead & an luib so da bruith ar fin *no* ar lind & 
comfurtachtaigh an dil*eaghadh* & a{ms folio 60b2}tait da ghne arin luib so .i. gne coillighe & gne uisce & as i an gne uisce as ferr an aig*id* **fluxa** na bronn & foghnuigh prema an macaill caill*ighe* an gac inad ana foghnann an clobus.


46. **Auellana**, **nux parba**: .i. **an cnu Gaeidilach** & ata si t*easaide* sa c*et* ceim & fl*iuch* sa ii ceim & as mo oilis an corp naid na **cno francacha** & da caitear iat co himurcach maille risan craiceann bis fona n-eitnedhaib tuismidtear gaetamlacht isna hinnib uatadh & da nglantar iat on forcroicinn sin as mor foghnus an aig*id* na **cosachtaigi** & a mbruith ar mil & ceirin da denamh dib & blonuig m*uice* da cur trita & fasaigh an finnfad & na heitneada c*et*na da



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brisid & a cur ar greim {ms folio 61a1} na con confuig & ni urcoidig nis mo.


47. **Auena**: .i. **an coirci** et ata brigh lac*thach* co hailghinach ann & is mor fognas an aigidh na n-att teasaidhi & bogaidh na hadbuir cruaighe & is imcubaidh ana ceirin e arna cneadaib n*eimh*neacha.


48. **Auricula muris**: .i. **an liath lus beac** & adeir **Au*icenna*** an luib so da brisidh & a cur arin dealg bus ailt da buain a ball & tairrngidh go cumachtach he. Et ceinnsceatrach da denam de & glanuigh an incinn ona salcur. Et a tobairt da lucht eipil*enci*a & furtachtaigh iat co mor.


49. **Aurum**: .i. **an t-or** & is ar med a measarachta nacar cuiread a ceim e seoch na mitalaib eli & as mor fognus a catamh & a faicsin don craig e & {ms folio 61a2} ata **catimia** mar an c*et*na .i. slaithteach an oir & fodnuigh an t-or co mor an aig*id* **eilifainnsia** & comfurtachtaigh an gaili & **sinc*oipis*** & **cardiaca** & a tabairt fa dho sa tseachtmain & a coimilt fein no a slaidteac as maith a mbiag *no* a ndigh & foirigh an lubra & p*udur* da denumh da meanadaib an oir & a cur fona suilib & scailidh a finna & a salcuir. Et atait cumachta ecsam~~sam~~la ag an or .i. uair ann medaig*id* & comfurtachtaig*idh* na spiruid & calmaig*id* an dil*eaghadh* & fostaig*id* gach **flux** ona *cumachtaib fein* & as mait an aig*id* na fuar*aideacht*a & na teas*aideachta* e & innarbaidh


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gac uili imurcraid anbainnigus an na*duir* & gl*an*aidh na l*eann*a salca.


50. **Balanon**, **glans**: .i. **na measoga daracha**; atait siat fuar tirim sa dara ceim & ata br*igh* tirmaidh{ms folio 61a3}teach fostoiteach *a*cu** & pudar da denamh dona measocaib & a cur isna cneadhaib tirmaidh iat & coiscidh an sileadh fola & glanaidh iat ona salcar & duill*ebar* an croinn c*et*na da bruith {ms folio 61b1} ur & coiscidh **teneasmon** & **lienteria**, Et adeir **Raisis** co fuil togairm an fuail and & tirmugad na bronn & adeir an f*er* c*et*na gurab fearr cucain na measog cum na neitead adubrumar naid na measoga fein & ata deathmuireacht & tinneas cinn innta rena catam & tuismidtear gaethamlacht na n-innead uatha.
1. Da mesog*aib* na dara*ch*
2. don gum crainn
3. don cruaich Padraig
4. do lus na laegh
5. don glaisir caille
6. don teneagul
7. don meacan tua
8. dan gallfotannan
9. don biatus
10. don coinnill Muire
{ms folio 61b2}
12. d'uir sl*eibhe* Armenia


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15. don borrax
16. da lus an sparain
17. do betonica
18. don cartlainn
19. don lus creighi
20. don fotlac
21. dan n-im.



51. **Balsamum**: .i. gum crainn fasas annsa **Babileoin** e & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa dara ceim & fognuigh co mor da lucht na **pairilisi** & na n-easl*aint*eadh fuar air cena & a congmail annsa bel & teigidh an incind & idir na huile ni deagbalaigh ase as ferr boltanug*adh* dib & as amluidh as mait an **balsamum** & a beit glan & dath fobuide uirri & a coimilt ar uisce & {ms folio 61b3} mad glan e niba saile an t-uisce & mad salac an t-uisce do-ni a contrara.


52. **Barba filicana**, **plantago maigheor**: .i. an **cruach Padraic** & ata si fuar ~~fuar~~ annsa c*et* ceim & tirim sa dara ceim & as mait da glanad & do slanug*adh* na cneadh an luib so da brisidh & mil da cur triti & **pot*aiste*** da denam don l*uibh* so ar **eanbruiti** meth caeireach *no* ar leamnacht & foirigh **flux** na bronn. Item, bristear & coimiltear ar leamnacht an l*uibh* so & foirig an seili fola & an cosactach tic o teas*aideacht*. Item, ceirin don l*uibh*
c*et*na da cur arin cneid & coiscidh a sil*eadh* fola. Et an l*uibh* c*et*na da brisid & a cur tri g*eal*an uigi & foirigh


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loscadh teineadh co cumhachtach~~t~~ . An l*uibh* so da brisid & olunn da chur trite & a cur ar greim na con confaigh & foirig. Item, **cruach P*adraic*** da brisidh {ms folio 61b4} & a sugh d'ol ar cedlongad & ic*aidh* **eipil*ensi*a**. Sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na da congmail sa mbel & foirig an gal*ar* beil. Sugh na l*uibhe* so da cur arin **teinigh diadh** & teitidh {ms folio 62a1} roimpe. Item, educh lin da cur a sugh na luibe so & a cur ar druim na n-ae & foiridh a n-att & a teinneas. Item, an aig*id* tinnis na fiacul & aitt a feola & a teasbaigh an l*uibh* so da cognamh & ic*aidh*. Item, da cosc na fola m*ista* olund chirta da thuma a sugh na luibi & a cur sa mbanndacht. An aig*id* tinnis an lesa in luib so do coimilt ar uisce & foirigh. Item, an l*uibh* so da c*ur* *fo* b*r*aigid in leini*mh* & ni gabaid easbudha e. Item, coimiltear tri prema di ar uisce in aig*id* **terciana** & a ceathuir a fiabrus **quartana** roimh an **aixis** & ic*aidh* gan fuireach. Item, an
aig*id* gac uili aitt tic o teas*aideacht* an l*uibh* so da brisidh & bl*onaig* muici da cur trid & ic*aidh* e. An l*uibh* so da brisid ar uisce & a tobairt da mnai bis gan slanug*adh* & slanuidtear co luath. Item, an luib c*et*na da coimilt ar **finegra** & a coimilt dona cosaib a haitli sibail no saetair & ic*aidh*.


53. **Barba sina**: .i. **lus na laedh**, fuar {ms folio 62a2} sa c*et* c*eim* & tirim sa dara ceim & ata br*igh* **stip*ec**da*** ann; a duill*ebar* da tirmug*adh* & pudur da denum dhe & a cur isna c*neadh*aibh arsaighe & foiridh iad & adeir gurab treisi a bl*ath* na'n


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l*uibh* fein & is mor foghnus an l*uibh* so an aig*id* cr*eacht*a na scaman & ata br*igh* glanta 'na prem & br*igh* **stipecda** 'na barr & comfurtachtaigh an gaili & ni liginn leanna ele ana ceann da tuitim cuigi. Adeir **Av*icenn*a** nach fuil leighis as ferr na so a cr*eacht*uib na n-inneadh & coiscidh **flux** imurcach na mban & a ol ar uisce no ar fin & a cur amuil ceirin arin **imlican**.[22](javascript:footNote('G600005/note022.html'))


54. **Barba siluana**: .i. **glais*er* coille**, t*easaide* sa c*et* ceim & fliuch sa ii; an luib so do brisid & a tobairt dona mnaib da ndenann l*inn* r*uagh* urcoid & foirigh & innarbaidh imurcaigh {ms folio 62a3} l*eann*a r*uaigh*. Item, an tan imduideas l*inn* d*ubh* annsa gaili & tuismidtear fail foireigneach uadha, an luib so do coimilt ar fin *no* ar uisce & coiscidh gan fuireac an fail. Item, an luib c*et*na da coimilt ar fin & a tobairt da hol d'fer na micuimhni & ic*aidh*. Item, adeir **Av*icenn*a** an luib so da coimilt ar fin *no* ar lind d'fir na linnighan co ceann en la dheag & icaidh & a tabairt don mnai ara mbi **mola matrisis** & scailigh e gan fuireac ina haitli.


55. **Barba Iouis**, **semperuiua**: .i. **an teneagal**, fuar sa iiii c*eim* & tirim sa dara & fodnuigh co mor an aig*id* na **teineadh diag** & na haillsi & an attcomhaill na sul an tan tic o teas*aideacht* & in aig*id* gach uili loscadh teineadh & uisce. Item, adeir **Av*icenn*a** sugh na luibi so da chumasc


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maille re **min eorna** no seagail & a cur arna haltaib & foir*igh* an t-**artetica** tic o teas*aideacht*. Item, sugh na l*uibhe* so & sugh ~~& sug~~ c*ruaiche* Padraig & leamnacht bo & plur mine cr*uithneacht*a & dentar **pot*aiste*** dib & foirigh **flux** na mbronn gan fuireac & foiridh sugh na l*uibh*e so imurcaid na fola m*ista* & a cur sa mbanndacht & olunn.[23](javascript:footNote('G600005/note023.html'))


56. **Bardana** *no* **lapa**: .i. **in meacan tua** & adeir **Av*icenn*a** corub mor fodnus premh na luibi so an aig*id* na neime & co marbann natraca neime & adeir fos gibe neach choimeolas sugh na luibi so de nach {ms folio 62b2} cailginn beach é an la sin na nathair neime. Item, sugh na l*uibhe* so da congmail sa bel & daingnig na fiacla. Item, p*remh* na l*uibhe* so da caiteamh & coiscidh in seili fola. A prema so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foiridh **disinteria**. Premha na luibhe so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirigh na cloca f*uail*. An luib so idir bun & barr da brisid & bl*onaig* m*uice* trit & brisidh & aibighidh na neasc*oide* amail adeir **Av*icenn*a**.


57. **Branca ursina**: .i. an *gallfotannan*[24](javascript:footNote('G600005/note024.html')), f*uar* t*irim*, & adeir **Av*icenn*a** an luibh so da brisidh & blonuic muice trite & aipigh na neascoide. An l*uibh* so da brisidh & a b*ear*b*adh* ar blonuic *no* ar ola, a ligin mar sin co ceann en la dec & a fascad tri edach lin ana haitli & ceir da cur ann & **uinnemint** da denamh dhe & a coimilt dona feitib & dona haltaib & foirigh **rigor** & cruas na feiteadh. An


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l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & bainne g*obair* & min ruis & sugh fleata & a cur 'na ceirin arna cighib & foi{ms folio 62b3}righ iat. Item, sugh na luibe & bainne cic da cumasc trit a ceili & sug **feineil** d*eirg* & **plur mine eorna** & a cur 'na scartaidh arin etan & ar druim na sul & coiscidh teasbac & tinneas na sul & togairmid an codladh.


58. **Beta** & **pleta**, **cicula**: ~~.i. tri han~~ {ms folio 63a1} .i. tri hanmanna an **biatuis** & ata teas*aide* fl*iuch* sa c*et* c*eim* & is l*uibh* coitcinn e da reir **Av*icenn*a**. Item, sugh na l*uibhe* so do cur a poll*aib* na srona & glanaid an incinn ona salcur. Sugh na luibi da cur bog san cluais & foirig tinneas na cl*uaise*. Item, sugh na l*uibhe* so da cur arin folt & arin fesoig & glanaigh iat ona milaib & ona sneadhaibh & coimedaid an folt gan tuitim. Item, sug na l*uibhe* so da cumusc maille re mil comtrom *da* gach ni & a cur arin loscadh da nitear o teinig *no* o uisce & ic*aidh* co luat & crutaidtear droch-l*eann*a o gnath*ughadh* na l*uibhe* so. Item, g*abh* biatas & borr*aiste* & duill*ebar* **saitsi** & **isoip** & **Minntas** & persill*i* & duill*ebar* macail co mor *da* g*ach* n*i*, b*ear*btar ar uisce & garbain coirci arna nighe da cur and & a mb*ear*b*adh* & salann da cur air & is cumachtach ar urcoid an cl*eibh* & da medug*adh* an dil*eaghadh*.


[25](javascript:footNote('G600005/note025.html'))
59. **Bilonia**, **molena**: **in coinneall Mhuire** & is m{ms folio 63a2}or foghnus an aig*id* **flux** emaroigideis & ata si fuar tir*im* &


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as mor a br*igh* ur & as bec crin & ata br*igh* fastaiteac cnaiteac innti. An l*uibh* so fein da cur ar cloit dearg & a cur te sa **timtireacht** & foirig bolga an **daergalair** & a hatarrach co minic arna tedhad & an luib so da brisid & a cur a srut & ni ligin sil*eadh* di gurab uime sin ~~sin~~ as imcubaigh an gac uile **flux** hi co dearb.




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60. **Bolus Armenicus**: .i. **uir sl*eibhe* **Armeinia**** & ata si f*uar* t*irim* sa ii c*eim* & ata br*igh* fastoiteac & ceangail innti innus co coiscinn gac uili **flux**. A pudur so & pud*ur* cruaiti Padraig da cumasc & a cur arna cn*eadh*aib & ic*aidh* & as aml*aidh* as maith e & a beith dearg sobristi & adeir **Av*icenn*a** ma ta an **flux** sa ceann a tabairt da caitim sa mbel & mad annsa gaili *no* isna hinnibh tabhair mar cl*isteri*. {ms folio 63a3}


61. **Borax**: .i. gum croinn & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa ceatramad ceim & ata br*igh* discail*teach* attairngtec cnaiteac coimceangail comhdlutaiti ann & as leis daingnid na cerdada na mitaill el*e* re ceili & as aml*aidh* is maith e g*eal* {ms folio 63b1} cruaidh. Item, cuirtear **borax** & g*eal*an *uighe* c*ir*ce & mil & **uisce roisi** trit a ceili & glanuidh an aig*id* ona salcar & on brici. Item, *scrupall* d'uisce & tri *scrupaill* do b*orax* da coimilt don aig*id* arna c*umasc* & bith g*eal*.


62. **Bursa pastoris**: .i. **lus an sbarain**; f*uar* tirim sa dara ceim & as cumachtac hi in aig*id* **flux** na fola & gach uile **flux** & is maith hi *a n-* **uinneminntib** br*isti* cuisl*inni* & an bean aga mbi ina braigit ni urcoidiginn **flux** f*ol*a di. A cur a fotragadh & is mait i an aig*id* na buigeacairi. A cur fo braigid na caerach & ni faicid na mic tire iat. Pudur da denum dan l*uibh* c*et*na & a cur isna cn*eadh*aib & ni fasann


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ainmfeoil innta & tirmaig iat. Blat na l*uibhe* so & bl*ath* uiole & bl*ath* **sail c*uach*** & siucra & a mbrisidh trit a ceili & a tobairt da caitim da luct an tseili fola mar ata emotoica pasio & a cosmuili. {ms folio 63b2}


63. **Bitonica**: .i. **in bitoine**; teas*aide* sa iii c*eim* ~~ceim~~ & tirim sa iiii ceim. A tabairt ar fin da lucht na cloch f*uail* & brisidh iat & togairmig in **fual** mar an c*et*na & is maith an
aig*id* na higroipisi hi & a coimilt ar fin *no* ar lind. Item, p*udur* da d*enam* dan l*uibh* so & a cumusc ar mil arna spumail & is maith an aig*id* na **cosachtaig*he*** fuaire. Item, p*udur* na l*uibhe* so da tabairt ar fin & foirigh teinneas an gail*i* & madh o f*iabras* tic a tobairt ar uisce. Item, p*udur* na l*uibhe* so da tobairt arin digh re n-abar **mulsa** & lagaidh an bru co hailginach ona tirmacht. Item, a brisidh & salann da cur trite & a cur isna cn*eadh*aib nua & ni denaid urcoid is mo. Item, duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & im gan sal*ann* da cur trite & a cur mar ceirin arna suilibh & coiscidh a tinneas. Item, a coimilt ar uisce & a ol & foirigh an fl*iuchaideacht* suilighi. Item, b*itoine* & ruib da coimilt ar uisce & foill*sigid* an **radharc**. Item, iiii {ms folio 63b3} ℥ da duill*ebar* bitone & viii ngrainne xx da **pibar d*ubh*** & a tabairt da lucht easl*ainte* na n-arann & foirid iat & a cur fan ded. Item, ceirin da denam de mar in c*et*na & foirid duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Item, duill*ebar* cruaiti Padraic & da ℥ da duill*ebar* **bitoine** & a ol roimh aixi*is* **coididiana** & coiscid an


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fiabras. Item, an aig*id* an gal*air* re n-abur **presuficasio m*atricis*** & an l*uibh* so da brisid & a tabairt ar fin no ar uisce {ms folio 64a1} & foirigh emaroidas. Item, a hol ar uisce *no* ar fin & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & foirigh an gal*ar* buighi co cumachtac~~t~~.


64. **Balsamita**: .i. **in cartlann**; t*easaide* sa ii & tir*im* sa
treas c*eim*. An luib so da brisidh & a b*ear*b*adh* ar a sugh fein & foirigh tinneas an cinn & *an* ceirin c*et*na da cur arin ngaili & foirigh a gaetmuireacht & a tinneas. Item, an ceirin
c*et*na da cur arin **imlican** & foirig **coilica** & **ilica**. Item, an
ceirin c*et*na da cur arin **timtireacht** & ic*aidh* bolga an **daergal*air*** & ata br*igh* diureticac annsa l*uibh* so. Item, gach uili l*uibh* ina fuil br*igh* diureticach ata br*igh* osluice na poireadh annsa l*uibh* sin.


65. **Burneta**: .i. **in lus creidhe**; ata si f*uar* tir*im* & is mor furtachtaidheas na cuisl*eann*a ona teinneas & ona neim & o neim cuislinn an etain & g*abh* camam*illa* & duill*ebar* **bitone** & duill*ebar* **na huluighi** & **modoman**{ms folio 64a2} & **feinel** dearg & duill*ebar* dair*each* & blat an **rosa deirg** & bris na neici so & b*eir*b ar im nua & ar becan do laigh na roisi & faisctear tri edac & curtar a soiteac cumdaig & coimiltear don edan & dona hairgib & coiscidh tinneas an cinn & togairmidh an codladh. Item, lan duirn don l*uibh* so & prema c*ruaiche* P*adraig* & stoinse cruinn dearg & g*abh* lan duirn don d*ubh*c*osach* & crim m*uice* f*iadha* & b*ear*btar na luibhi so ar uisce fertana & a


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sitl*odh* & in sugh so da cumasc tri baine & a b*ear*b*adh* maille re haran & a tabairt da ol ag loidhi & ag eirghi & foirig **flux** **disinteria**. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da gearrad re sciain & duill*ebar* minntais & mormoint & **cailmint** & sil feneil da cur triti & a cur & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind, a cur a mbocsa & a cur te ar bel an gaili & comfurtachtaigh co mor.


66. **Bibolica *vel* biliria**: .i. **in fotlact** & ata br*igh* diureticach ann & togairmig in f*ual* & in fuil m*ista* & fodnuigh an aig*idh* easl*ainte* an cleibh. Item, *fotlact &* {ms folio 64a3} d*ubh*cosach ur & mellisa & lus an galloglaig & bl*ath* saili c*uach* & raibi uisce & lus na sum tal*man* & liatroidi & bl*ath* fotannain & easbuc beoain comor d*a* g*ach* n*i* & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar im mhi Mai & a sitl*odh* tri edach lin & p*udur* siucra & **licoirisi** & ainisi da cur ann & a ol ar midh no ar lind {ms folio 64b1} *no* ar digh milis & fairsingidh an t-u*cht* & foirigh an **cosachtach**. Item, an luibh c*et*na da brisid & leamac m*uighe* & easbog beoain & a mb*ear*b*adh* arin digh darub ainm **mulsa** & a tobairt bog da ol & foirigh in **cosachtach** cruaigh. Item, sugh na l*uibhe* so & sil **eigrime** & sil **elistroint** & sil culurain & ainisi & sil **feinel** & gaill eigrim & an l*uibh* so & dentar p*udur* min d*ibh* & caitear ar fin *no* ar lind & is comachtach an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria**. Item, bristear an l*uibh* so & prema moingi miri & prema leamhaigh m*uighe* a mbrisidh & bl*onaig* da cur trita & a cur umna hal*taibh* & foirid att & tein*n* eas na n-alt.




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67. **Butirum**: .i. **in t-im** & ata se t*easaide* fl*iuch* sa c*et* ceim & ata br*igh* aipithi discailteac bocta ann & ata br*igh* tinnis da cur ar cul ann & medaidtear & reamraidhtear an corp & is mor a cumachta ar gearrad na feiteadh{ms folio 64b2}& glanaigh na cn*eadh*a. Item, a coimilt da carbad na leanamh & da b*eir* ar a fiacl*aibh* fas & is mor foghnus an aig*id* na **cosachtaighi** f*uair*e & as mor fognus an aig*id*. perpl*e*m*onia* & pl*eurisis* oir aipigh iat & togairmid an seli co hurusa & toirmisctear an sele fola.
1. Don **cailmint**
2. don culuran
3. don ualuart
4. don finscoith
5. dona huili luaith
6. don sidabal
7. da sil an labriola
8. don popin g*eal*
9. da chongna in fiadha
10. dan gurmaill
{ms folio 64b3}
12. don praisid garr*dha*
13. d*on* selidonia
14. d*on* dedgha
15. d*on* comann gall
16. dan luaigh
17. d*on* curnan c*aisil*
18. d*on* orofont


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21. d*on* cainel
22. d*on* raib
23. d*on* picc G*reagach*
24. d*on* colac*indida*
25. d*on* concoire
26. d*on* easb*uc* beain
27. d*on* noinin
28. d*o* ros na minne miri
29. d*on* **litronta**
{ms folio 64b4}
31. d*on* eacsemar
32. d*on* coiriandrum
33. d*on* gluinigh bec
34. d*on* croch
35. d*on* cubibis
36. d*on* gran oililla
37. d*on* cucuirbita
38. d*on* claman lin.



68. **Calamentum** (*vel* c*ala*mentum maighis): .i. **an cailimint** et ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & atait da gne air .i. gne mhor & gne bec & isi an gne mhor a*n* **neft** & in ghne {ms folio 65a1} bec .i. an **cailmint coitceann**. Bearbhtar an c*ailimint* ar fin *no* ar **mulsa** & togairmid an t-allus. Item, c*ailimint* da b*ear*b*adh* ar ola & a coimilt dona pulsaibh & don corp roimh aix*is* codidiana & foirigh & coiscidh an f*iabhras*. Item, an l*uibh* so da brisid & a cur ar bel na n-isgad & foir*idh*


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teinneas an droma & an igha fuar bhis ann & togairmigh na l*eann*a righni o altaib in droma. Item, an l*uibh* so da brisidh & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista***. Item, a b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & an bandacht da nighi as & doni an c*et*na. Item, c*ailimint* da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin no ar lind & a ol dan ti gerras m*adra* gaithi *no* cu confaigh *no* peist neimhe & ic*aidh*. Item, an l*uibh* so da brisid & a coimilt ar uisce & in*n*arbaidh luimbrisi asan broinn. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na .i. a sugh da cur isna cluasaib & marbaid na cruime bis innta & ni dl*eagar* dona mnaib torrcha buain risin l*uibh* so oir togairmigh in togluasacht. Item, an l*uibh* so da brisid *no* da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirigh **asma** & cumgacht in cleib & duinti na n-ae & na *seilge* & singultus & tinnis in gaile.


69. **Ciclamin**, **malum *terre***: .i. **in cularan**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & ata br*igh* attairrngteac cnaidteac discailteac aigi. Item, culuran da brisidh & bl*onaig* m*uice* da cur trit & a cur arna n*eascoidib* cruaigi & aibig*id* iat. Item, premh na l*uibhe* so da tirmug*adh* re grein & pudur da denamh de & a cur isna cn*eadh*aib & glanuigh iat ona n-ainmfeoil. Is ann as mait an l*uibh* so da buain an tseachtmuin deiginach do mi Auist & mairigh a br*igh* ann co ceann ii bliaghan.


70. **Cameactis**, **ebulus**: .i. **in ualuart**; t*easaide* t*irim* sa ii c*eim* & is inann br*igh* & oibr*iugadh* do & don t-**sambucus** acht amain is treisi an br*igh* lactach isin **sambucus** & ata br*igh*


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attairrngteac & innarbtha na l*eann*ann righin ann & ata br*igh* folm*uigh*thi suas & sis annsa l*uibh* so & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt acht in tan bus dil*eaghtha* an t-adbar & an tan uillm*igh*tear an corp cum folm*aighth*i & cum **flux** da gabail cuigi & as aml*aidh* sin dl*eaghar* gac uili sceatrac da tobairt an tan bus dil*eaghtha* ~~an tan bus dileaghtha~~ in t-adbar. Is mor fognas {ms folio 65a3} an l*uibh* so an aig*idh* **terciana** & uitilina & as mait an luib so an aig*idh* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & **coilica** & **arteitica** & **leucafleadh*ma*nn*sia*** & **potagra** & is mar so dl*eaghar* a tabairt .i. leath lan blaisci *uighe* da sug na l*uibhe* so & a urdail d'fin finn & lagaigh & folm*uighidh* na hadbair ad*ubhramar*.


Item, prema na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a timperail maille re h-**oixim*il*** & re **sir*oip*** lac*thach*. B*ear*btar sug na l*uibhe* so & a hurdail da mil trit a ceili & a tabairt {ms folio 65b1} am*ail* purg*oid* & fodhn*aidh* co maith. Item, fotragadh da denam da barr na l*uibhe* so & a deatach da ligin fo fer na higroip*ise* fuairi & as maith do e. Item, urbruit da duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* an aig*id* gac uili aitt & t*ui*tmi & bual*adh* & innarb*aidh* se tinneasa & scail*idh* aitt & neartaig*id* na feithi. Item, sug na l*uibhe* so & pudur esola & siucra da chumasc & a tabairt am*ail* purg*oid* & fognuigh co mor. Item, pudur da denamh da preimh na l*uibhe* so & sugh **feineil** & sug **meirsi** & siucra & a tabairt am*ail* p*urgoid*. Item, is mait an aig*id* atchomuill na cos & na lamh & da lucht na higroip*ise* urbruith na l*uibhe* so. Item, an l*uibh* so da bruit ar a sug fein & 
ceirin da denam de ar **potagra** & ar siregra & ar **arteitica**.[26](javascript:footNote('G600005/note026.html'))




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71. **Cinoglosa**: .i. **an finscoth** & is t*easaide* t*irim* hi & ata br*igh* comfurtachta in craighe innti & as mor fognus an aig*idh* gal*air* na seilge & ata cosc sceatraighi 'na preim & is mor fognus an aig*id* an gal*air* re n-abar **faisdidium** & an **anastropa** & ata togairm na sceatraighi 'na barr. Item, g*abh* **sil ragaim** & barr finscoithi bristear{ms folio 65b2}& coimiltear ar meadg bog & togairmig an sceatrach. Item, dentar deoc da comfurtacht an craigi .i. g*abh* prema fin*scotha* & p*remih* nean*toige* & prema **egrime** & minntais & bun macaill & marbdroigin & **saitsi** & **cailmint** & bristear & curtar ar fin *no* ar lind & eabar am*ail* digh & comhfurtachtaig an craighi. Item, g*abh* barr na l*uibhe* so & fuarc fuinnseann & b*ear*b ar fin & cuir am*ail* ceirin arin seilg & comfurtachtaig*id* e.


72. **Cinis omnis**: .i. **gac uile luaith**; ata br*igh* tirmaithi & glanta innti da r*eir* **Au*icenna*** & adeir fos **luaith** na crand **stip*ecdha*** co fuil cosc na fola innti & co hairithi **luaith** na fuinnsinne & na darac & adeir fos co fuil fas an fuilt & an finnfaigh an gac uili luaithrig fuilt & a chumasc maille re hol*aigh* & a cur arin ceann a haitli a bearrtha & da b*heir* teas arin ceann & coiscig a allus. Item, g*abh* scim darach & dena **luaith** di maille re crann feitleoigi an eighinn & an **luaith** {ms folio 65b3} so da cur ar folcadh fuinnseann & in ceann d'folcad as & coiscigh **emagrainia** & da b*heir* dath mait arin folt.




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73. **Citonalens**: .i. **an sidual**; t*easaide* sa iii & tir*im* sa ii & atait da gne air .i. gne {ms folio 66a1}  ~~.i. gne~~ garrdha & gne coillighi & asi an gne coill*ighi* .i. an cartlann *leg. caerthann* curruig & ata blas **stip*ec*** air & as mor fognus an aig*id* na haimrideachta & gal*ar* na mban. An sidub*al* garrdha, ata br*igh* comfurtachta in totl*uithi* ann & comfurtachtaigh an incinn & coiscigh an gaetmuireacht & comfurtachtaig*id* lucht na **sinc*oipise*** & as maith an l*uibh* so a ceirinacaibh & a ndeocaib luchta an filuin. Da curtar pre*mh* na l*uibhe* so fon fiacail tein coiscig an teinneas. Uisce da denamh don l*uibh* so mar do-nitear **uisce na roisi** & a crotad arin aig*id* & ar ceann lucht na f*iabras* & coisc*idh* teinneas an cinn. Item, p*udur* da denam don l*uibh* so .i. da pre*mh*aib & a cumasc maille re pud*ur* **caineil** & **gailingain** & a tabairt a **pot*aist*ib** & n*ear*taig*id* an br*igh* totl*uitheach* & coiscig gaetmuireacht an gaili & na n-inneadh.




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74. **Conconidum**: .i. **sil in labriola**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iiii c*eim* & ata craeb & croicinn & sil na l*uibhe* so imcub*aidh* cum in l*eigis* & ata folmug*adh* l*eann*a f*inn*, & na l*eann*ann rigin ann ona ball*aib* foirimill*eacha* am*ail* atait na {ms folio 66a2} hailt & co hairithe folm*ughadh* l*eann*a r*uaigh* mi-n*adurtha* am*ail* ata coilera sitrina & uitilina & ata folm*ughadh* l*eann*a d*uibh* co tan*aiste* innte gurub uime sin 
as imcub*aidh* an l*uibh* so da tabairt da lucht **sietica** & 
potagra & **apopl*exi*a** & **pairilisi** & **eipil*ensi*a** & a cosmuili d'easl*aint*ibh fuara fleadmaiticaca eli & da berur an l*uibh* so an **oixim*el*** oir ni dl*eaghar* a tabuirt co haenda oir o ro-geri na l*uibhe* so ata scris na n-innead innti & dl*eaghar* a tobairt le gum araibium & le **maisdix** & le neitibh comfurtachtaighi an craighi am*ail* ata croch & **cainel** & **calamus armaticus** oir gac uili ni ana fuil folm*ughadh* foireigneac ata anmuinne craighi ana diaigh. Ni dl*eaghar* so da tabairt da lucht nach urusa da cur cum innruma na dona dainib 'ca mbeth inde tana & a cosmuile & fognaidh dona dainibh ara mb i cod*id*iana *no* t*erciana*.


Item, an l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar ola coitcinn & a coimilt don **timtireacht** & coiscidh **teneasmon**. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da coimilt don druim & dona hairnib & dona huirgibh & coisc*idh* **disuria** & ~~to~~ **stranguria**. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da cur isna cl*uas*aib & coiscid an buigri. An l*uibh* c*et*na da coimilt don **timtireacht** & fogn*aidh* an aig*id* in **daergal*air***.[27](javascript:footNote('G600005/note027.html')){ms folio 66a3}




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75. **Codion**: .i. in **popin geal**; t*easaide* fl*iuch* sa treas c*eim* & is de do-nitear an l*eiges* re n-abur **opium** & is mar so do-nitear e: mill fasas ar barr na l*uibhe* so & a mbuain a mi Iuil & a mbrisidh a moirtel & a fascad tri edach lin & a cur re grein & an tan bi tirim a taiscigh & a coimilt don dreich & don edan & togairmigh an codladh. Atait da gne arin l*uibh* so .i. popin g*eal* & **popin d*ubh*** & bigh an **p*opin* dubh** maille re bl*ath* dearg & is de {ms folio 66b1} sin do-nitear an ola fodnus a moran d'easl*aint*ib & co hairthi cum teinnis in cinn & is risin p*opin* so aderur pobol righ noc ata f*uar* tirim sa iiii ceim & do-nitear ola de mar adubrumur & a coimilt don ceann d'eis a bearrta & togairmigh an codladh. Ata gne don l*uibh* c*et*na ara mbi bl*ath* crocha & is maith a sil sin da coimilt ar uisce & togairmigh an codladh & gebe dibh so gne bruitear ar uisce togairmig an codl*adh* muna bia in bas a fogus do. Popin da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & coisgid **flux** f*ol*a m*ista* & ni dl*eaghar* sil na l*uibhe* so da tobairt a meid as mo na comtrom leith pinginne. Duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* so da brisid & a cur mar ceirin arin tene diad & ic*aidh*. Item, g*abh* duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* so & b*ear*b ar uisce & cuir te fon mbraigid & foirigh gairbi an gota gebe cuis o mbia. Item, sug na l*uibhe* so da coimilt dona haltaibh & foirigh an **potagra** tic o teas*aideacht* & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** p*opin* g*eal*


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da brisidh & g*ealan* *uighe* da cur trit *no* bainne cic & a cur am*ail* ceirin arin edan & foirig teinneas an cinn & togairmigh an codlad. Item, sil na l*uibhe* so *no* a duill*ebar* da cumasc maille re hola na roise & a cur da fritbhualadh {ms folio 66b2} na n*eascoideadh* teas*aide* & an aig*id* ainnteasa na n-ae. Item, adeir an fer c*et*na ola in poipin da cumasc maille re fin f*ionn* & a coimilt d'altaib an droma & foirigh tirmach na mball & a caili am*ail* as follus a lucht na **heitice**. Item, an **lictab*air*** da*rub* ainm **diapapauer** .i. **lictabair** an **popin g*il*** & sugh **licoirisi** & **gum araibi** & draganti a cumusc trit a ceili & is mor fognus an aig*id* na hetice & tirmachta na mball am*ail* is follus a perpl*eumonia* & isna **f*iabrasa* cnaigteaca**.


76. **Cornu serui**: .i. **congna an fiadha**; f*uar* tir*im* e. A losc*adh* & pud*ur* da denam de & a cur ar feoil na fiac*al* & daingnig iat & foiridh a teineas. A caitem a meanadaigh ana mbia p*udur* ainisi & **licoirisi** & toirmisc*idh* tuitim na l*eann*ann cum na sul & is mait an aigidh an gal*air* re n-abar **ematoica** .i. in sele f*ola* & is mait da lucht na buigri.


77. **Cauda purcina**: .i. **in gurmaill**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & mairigh a br*igh* an a sil co ceann x mbl*iadhan* & ata br*igh* diureticach in a sil & annsa l*uibh* fein & as mor{ms folio 66b3}
 fodnus an aig*idh* **disuria** & **stranguria** & da brisidh na cloch f*uail*. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirigh **ilica** & 


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coilica. Item, **sil carauaidh** & **cularain** & ainisi & **eigrime** & **sil gurmaille** & sil elestroint & cearrbocan co mor d*a* gach n*i* & tri *drachmae* da granta p*arthais* & cumasctar iat & caitear mar is du. Item, g*abh* duill*ebar* g*urmaille* & duill*ebar* meas tuirc all*aidh* & sil **eigrime** & bristear & cumasctar maille re bl*onaig* m*uice* & curtar {ms folio 67a1} mar ceirin arna hairnibh & foirigh an teinnis bis innta.


78. **Caulis ortentis**: .i. **an praiseac garrdha**; fuar tirim sa c*e*t ceim & atait da gne uirre .i. gne mor & gne bec & isi in gne as fearr ann 'ga mbi lurga dearg & duill*ebar* bec. Adeir **Au*icenna*** gurab maith duill*ebar* na praisige deirgi arna cn*eadh*aib salcha. Item, ceirin don duill*ebar* so da cur maille re bl*onaig* m*uice* & discail*idh* na n*eascoide* cruaighi. Adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** an tan b*ear*btar an l*uibh* so co maith co fuil br*igh* fostoigteac ann & an tan caitear leath om co fuil br*igh* lac*tach* innti. Item, adeir **Au*icenna*** an praiseach dearg da brisid co maith maille re mil & a cur isna cn*eadh*aib a mbi aillsi & glanuid iad & a cur fa dho sa lo innta. Item, g*abh* ruib & praiseach dearg & **min eorna** & salann & bristear co mait & cumaisctear co maith & curtar arna haltaibh a mbi **artetica** & **potagra** & foirid iat. Item, adeir **Isac** **fual** na ndaineadh{ms folio 67a2} caiteas an praiseac dearg do cur te ar easl*ainte* na feitheadh & comfurtachtaig*id* co mor. Item, aderar gurab mor fodhnus gnath*ughadh* na prals*ighe* leat-omh da lucht


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cailitin na sul & da dorcacht an radhairc am*ail* adeir **Isacc**. Item, bristear p*aiseach* co maith & cuir allim & f*inegra* trite & coimil da lucht. na lubra & coisgidh an lubra & salcar an croicinn. Item, an l*eiges* c*et*na da coimilt ~~cetna da coimilt &~~ don fholt & ni ligean tuitim do. Item, a cur mar an c*et*na & ponuire arna b*earbadh* & arna brisidh trit & foirigh *& icaidh at* na n-uirgead. Item, p*raiseach* dearg & ros lin & **finegra** da cur mar ceirin arna haltaib & foirigh **artetica**. Item, prema pra*isighe* deirgi da losgad & **luaith** da denam dib & a ol ar fin & foirigh tuitim an t-**sine seain**. Item, duill*ebar* pra*isighe* deirge & **finegra** da cur mar ceirin ar druim na seilgi & foirig att & cruas na s*eilge*. A sil da tabairt da mnai aca mbi togluasacht & beruigh e. A tabairt do mnai gan beith torrac & togair*mid* an **f*uil* m*ista***. Item, pra*iseach* dearg da bruith ar uisce & coiscidh **flux** na bronn. Item, dentar **luaith** dan pra*isigh* & curtar bl*onaig* m*uice* trite & curtar arna hiscadaib & foirigh{ms folio 67a3} an teanga urcan.


79. **Celedonia**: et ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa 4 ceim & gab an l*uibh* so cona bl*ath* & boin a sugh aiste & cum*ais*c an sugh so & a urdail da mil trit & b*ear*btar a soiteac umha ar teinigh min & boin cubur co fricnamac de & faisctear tri edach lin & cuir a soiteac umha da taisce & cuir fona suilibh & geraig*id* an **radarc** co mait. Item, bristear an



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l*uibh* so & cuir fona fiacl*aibh* ana mbia teinneas & foirigh iat. 


{ms folio 67b1}80. **Centauria**: .i. **in dedga**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ata br*igh* atairngteac diuireticach ann & aderur ii gne da beith air .i. gne mor & gne bec & asi in gne bec as fearr chum an l*eigis* & a barr & a bl*ath* is mo gnataidtear chum an l*eigis* & as bec lagas & ata folm*ugad* l*eann*a r*uaigh* innte on gaili & ona hinnibh & oslaigid duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & is mor fognas an aig*id* **terciana** do-nitear o l*inn* r*uagh*. Item, pudur da denam don luib so & a cur a **lictabairibh** & a clisterib & a l*eigeas*aibh comsuighte & uair eli gnath*aig*tear an l*uibh* so co haenda ar fin *no* ar lind. A tinol an tan beas a blat uirre & mairid a br*igh* innte chum gach neic da ndubrumar & is mait urbruit na l*uibhe* so an aig*id* teinnis na feited & a tobairt dona mnaib torrca & beraid togluasacht & a tobairt dona mnaib nach bi torrac & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista***. A b*ear*b*adh* ar mil & calmaig*id* an dil*eagad* arna cait*im* & is mor fodnus an aig*id* tineasa an lesa & na n-arann & **stranguria** & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* {ms folio 67b2} co mait & a cumasc maille re fin & re him & a cur am*ail* ceirin ar druim na selgi & foirig a hatt & a tinneas. An tan teid p*eist* beo sa cl*uais* curtar sug na l*uibhe* so innte & tic amach. Item, an aig*id* finna na sul pudur da genam da gran pibuir & sugh dedga da cur trit & scail*id* an


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finna. Item, mad ailt l*inn* f*inn* reamur d'innarbadh ona hairnib & l*inn* r*uagh* gab dedga & clamhan lin comor d*a* g*ach* n*i* & a tabairt maille re ~~maille re~~ meadg bainni g*obair* fo do sa seachtmuin & folm*uigid* am*ail* adubrumar & coimedaigh an deoch so l*inn* r*uagh* an aimsir samraigh gan dul a fiabra*s*, Item, dentar an tsiroip so .i. prema **feineil** & **persille** & **meirsi** & **centaurea** & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a sitl*odh* co mait & siucra *no* mil da cur tritu & is mor cumachta na sir*oipe* so an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na n-arann & na selgi.


81. **Cerefolium**: .i. **in comann ga*ll***; t*easaide* tir*im* & ni fadar a c*eim* ona dochtuirib. In l*uibh* so da brisid & a cumusc maille re mil & {ms folio 67b3} foirigh an aillsi. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tabairt dona mnaib & togairmig an **f*uil* m*ista***. An l*uibh* so da brisig & a b*ear*b*adh* maille re bl*onaig* m*uice* & re ceir & a cur arna n*eascoid*ib cruaighi & bogaigh iat. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* maille re **finegra** & as mor fognus an aig*id* **flux** na bronn. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & an ceann d'folcadh as & foirigh **scotomia** & **uertigo**. An l*uibh* c*et*na do brisig & a cur mar ceirin arin edan & foirig teinneas an chinn.


82. **Cerusa**: .i. **blath in luaidhe**; f*uar* tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & ata br*igh* glanta *in croicinn* ann & as aml*aidh* do-nitear serusa da r*eir* **Pl*aitiairius*** .i. plata luaighe da cur ar


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bel {ms folio 68a1} soithig criadh ana mbi **finegra** tren & an sal eirgis arin **finegra** as de gairtear serusa & na daine gnath*uigh*eas serusa da glacadh as minic tiagaid a **pairilis** & an **apoplexia** & an **epil*ensi*a** & an **artetica** tic o fuar*aideacht* ~~tig o fuar*aideacht*~~ oir in luaighi & an **finegra** marb*aid* na sp*iraid* & na feithe & anmuinnigid an br*igh* ainm*ighe* & as mor fodnus an serusa d'fas feola na cneadh & da scris an ainmfeola.


83. **Cotilodion** (*vel* **cimbulairia**, **umbilicius ueniris**): .i.
**an curnan caisil** & ata se f*uar* fl*iuch* & ata br*igh* boctha frithbuailteac ann & is mor fognus an aig*id* cuise an cl*eibh*. Item, dentar an tsailbh so .i. **sail c*uach*** & croicinn feitlinne an eiginn & **isoip garrda** & barr cartlainne & cornan c*aisil* duill*ebar* leamhaig & biatus & borr*aiste* & barr losa na fraechoc & bristear na l*uibhe* so & b*ear*btar ar im ur & leagar tri edac lin am*ail* tsailb mar is du an aig*id* gac uili easl*ainte* cleib.


{ms folio 68a2}84. **Citragha**: .i. **in t-orufont**; t*easaide* tirim sa ii c*eim* & is mor br*igh* na l*uibhe* so ur & is bec crin & b*eiridh* a br*igh* innte bl*iadhain* & ata br*igh* cnaiteac discailteac innti & as maith an aig*idh* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & a boltan*adh* da cur fon sroin & comfurtachtaig*id* an incinn. Duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* so da chur a mailin & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a cur fon mbaitis & 


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coiscigh siub*al* an rema & teinneas an cinn. Dentar fotracadh don l*uibh* so on **imlican** sis da togairm na f*ol*a m*ista* & isi cumachta na l*uibhe* so oibr*iughadh* an aig*id* gach uili easl*ainte* f*uair*e & co hairithe in aig*id* easl*ainte* an chinn.


85. **Cinamomum**: .i. an **cainel**; t*easaide* sa iii ceim & tir*im* sa ii ceim & mairigh a br*igh* ann co ceann x mbl*iadhan* & as mor calm*uig*eas an dil*eaghadh* & comfurtachtaig*eas* an craighi. Pud*ur* **caineil** & caruaighe da cur a **potaistibh** & calmaig*id* an dil*eaghadh* & do-ni anal maith & an tan bis {ms folio 68a3} an anal bren o cuis feola na fiac*al*, na fiacla da nighe a huisce bog & an pud*ur* so da crotad orra & foirigh a mbrentas. Is mor foghnus an sinamomum an aig*id* an **cardiaca p*assio*** & ata br*igh* cnaigteac glantach ann & ona boltanug*adh* ata br*igh* comhfurtach ann & an br*igh* cnaiteac ona biadhamlacht.


Et atait da gne air .i. gne tiugh & gne tanaighe & asi an gne tiugh as fearr cum an **fluxa** & an g*ne* tanaighi as fearr cum na sceatraighi. Dentar an sabus so .i. g*abh* **persilli** & **finegra** & **Minntas** & peiletra co mor {ms folio 68b1} d*a* g*ach* n*i* & pud*ur* **caineil** & cumaisctear mar adubrumar am*ail* tsabus. Item, adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** **cainel** da tabairt an aig*id* na cosachtaig*e* tic o fl*iuchaideacht* & o gaetmuireacht an scamain & fognuig an aig*id* na higroipisi dana ainm tempaniteis. Adeir M*acer* pud*ur* **caineil** da tobairt an aig*id* cnead na con conf*aidh* .i. a cur innta & foiridh a



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neim. P*udur* **caineil** & **uisce roisica** da cumusc & da cur fona suilib & foirig a teinneas & a teasbach am*ail* adubrumur. P*udur* **caineil** reamair d'ol ar uisce & foirigh **flux** emaroigidas & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** an tan da berur **cainel** a fol*mugad* reamur co lagann an bru & an tan da berar a fol*mughadh* seim co medaig*eann* an **fual**. Item, adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** **cainel** & **min eorna** & sug minntais da cur 'na ceirin aran gaile & arna hinnibh & coiscig a teinnis. An p*udur* c*et*na da seideadh sa sroin & coisgid **flux** f*ola* na srona. Item, figeada tirma & **cainel** {ms folio 68b2} & fin & a cumusc & a cur 'na ceirin arna heasb*adh*aibh & foirig iat & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** co n-innarbann & co toirmiscinn an c*ainel* in morg*adh*. Adeir an fear c*et*na da tuctar an c*ainel* do mnai co n-ighnaibh co mbeirinn an toirr*ceas* & da tuctar do mnai gan slanug*adh* co slanaidtear gan fuireac & da tuctar da mnai 'ga mbi **mola matrisis** slanaigid hi.


86. **Ciba pirum**: .i. **in raibh**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa 4 c*eim* & is mait hi an aig*id* an **asma** & an tan beas an t-adbur dil*eaghtha* .i. tri scrubail di da tobairt an uigh buig & deathach a*n* neith c*et*na da tobairt an aig*id* an **asma** tar in mbel & fodn*aid* & ni dl*eaghar* so da tobairt dona dainibh coil*erdha* tirma aga mbi ucht cumang. Item, p*udur* na raibhe da cur *a n-* **uinneminntib** an aig*id* salcuir in croicinn. Item, p*udur* **tataba** & duill*ebar* f*éith*e & **slanlus** & cruach p*adraig* & bun soibirgin & p*udur* ruis l*in*,


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bristear & b*ear*btar ar ola coitcinn & cuir p*udur* r*aibhe* trita & a coimilt dona haltaib & ni rige {ms folio 68b3} a leas l*eiges* el*e* an aig*id* **potagra** na **artetica** ac sin. Item, g*abh* p*udur* r*aibhe* & **ola na no francac** & den am*ail* **uinnemint** & foirigh gach uili carr*aighe* & mifuile.


87. **Colafonium**: .i. **an picc G*reagach***: t*easaide* sa ii c*eim* & tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & asi gne is fearr uirri a beith d*ubh* leath amuit & solus leat astig am*ail* adharc soluis & ata br*igh* tirmuiti & cneasaiti innti & is mor fodnus an aig*id* **disinteria** in tan curtar ar smeroid{ms folio 69a1} dearg & in t-easlan da gabail a deathaigh tre stol pollta. Is mait in deathac c*et*na an aig*id* **teneasmon** & in deathac c*et*na da gabail tar in mbel & foirig **easma** & innarbaigh & discail*idh* na l*eann*a reamra righin biamla bis ar sligtib an scamain. Item, g*abh* ʒ don picc adubrumur & ʒ da **maisdix** & leadhtar iat a soiteac criad & sitoiltear tri edach ar uisce fuar & togtar don uisce a haitle a teighti & bogtar idir meruib re tenigh & togaidh in finnfad don aig*id* ona cur uirre co hailg*hineach* & fetur a congb*ail* aran aig*id* co ceann uaire *no* do & berigh a br*igh* annsa l*eiges* so co ceann da bl*iadhain* chum gac neic.


88. **Colocindida**: .i. leigeas l*actach* ata t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & torad crainn e & bith am*ail* ublaibh & bigh forcroiceann leat amuith air & bith ara lar *amhail* farcan & bith gran ann astidh & adeir **Au*icenna*** colac*indida*


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da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirig **eipil*ensia*** & ata folm*ughadh* l*eann*a f*inn* co hoir*edha* ann & folmug*adh* l*eanna* d*uibh* co tan*aiste* & fognuig co mor {ms folio 69a2} an aig*id* cruais na n-ae noch da nitear o l*inn* f*inn* *no* o l*inn* d*ubh*. Sil **feinel** & colacindita da b*ear*b*adh* & a tobairt da n-ol & comfurtachtuig*id* an dil*eaghadh* co mor & ata br*igh* marbtach ann da r*eir* **Pl*aitiairius*** & co hairiti annsa colac*indida* fasas arna crannaib & in colac*indida* *fasas* an inadaib reigi ase as fearr ann. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** co fuil smir & sil colac*indida* imcub*aidh* chum an leighis & ata an croicinn am imcub*aidh* cum an l*eigis* oir ata br*igh* marbtac ann & mairig a br*igh* ann co ceann iiii mbl*iadhan* & ata br*igh* diuireticach serui ann am*ail* adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** & innarbuigh in carruighi & gac gne ele don luibri & a tobairt mar gairisma maille re **finegra** & foirigh teinneas na fiacal & a tobairt 'na purgoid ur & foirig tinneas & marb*aidh* na peiste. **Mormont** & p*udur* colacinndita da cur am*ail* ceirin arin imlinn & marbaigh peiste na n-inneadh. Item, sugh **pairetairia** & p*udur* colac*indida* da cumasc & da cur sa cluais & marbaig peiste na cluas. Item, p*udur* coloc*indida* & ola coitcinn & tumtar cadas ann & curtar arin **timtireacht** & foirig{ms folio 69a3} emaroideis.


89. **Consolida madior**: .i. **lus na cnam mbristi** & as risi aderur **an conccoire** & ata *si* f*uar* tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & ata tath & dlutug*ad* na cnam ann .i. gab **sug concoire** & **airgead luachra** & **sug cr*uach* p*adraig*** & **plur mine eorna** & **sug corta darach**


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a cumasc & a cur 'na ceirin arna cnamaib briste & foirigh iat. Item, dentar deoch na cnam mbristi .i. g*abh* **prema ferdrisi** & **macaill coill*eadh*** & **pr*em* madra** & **prema na maetan conairi** & lus na sum tal*man* & **prema airgid luacra** & **marbdroigin** & barr **cailmint** & **pre*m* stoinsi f*ada*** & bun **selid*onia*** comor da gac n*eith* bristear & {ms folio 69b1} ~~&~~ b*earb* tar ar fin *no* ar uisce & glantar le mil no le siucra & dentar am*ail* **siroip** & dentar **uinnemint** dona l*uibh*ib & cuir ar ola an **popin** & aran **uinnemint** re n-abar **marsiatan** & a coimilt don cnaim a haitle an cnamha da cneasu*ad* & coisc*id* an teinneas. Item, dentar urbruith dona l*uibh*ib ar [*gap: extent: one word?*] & do duill*ebar* pairitairia & da duill*ebar* crainn na m-**bulas** & da duill*ebar* an **rosa deirg** & a cur am*ail* urbruith
fon mball mbristi mar adubrumar.




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90. **Consolida media**: .i. **an t-easb*oc* beoain** & ata se
t*easaide* fl*iuch* & ata br*igh* comfurtachta ann an aig*id* duinte na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Gab *s* ugh easb*oc* beoain & iub*ar* sl*eibhe* & prema feneil & **persille** & barr mercuirial & crim m*uice* f*iadha* & d*ubh*c*hosach* & premha **egrime** & chuilinn dumac comor d*a* g*ach* n*eith*. b*ear*btar ar braitlis mait & curtar mil & gabail innti & eabar mar gach ndigh. Adeir **Diescoirdeis** gurab mor foghnus an l*uibh* so an {ms folio 69b2} aig*id* na **tisisi** & na **heitice** & an **cardiaca** .i. g*abh* easb*oc* b*eoain* & barr **isoipi** & meillisi & local & aitnim liag & **poltulac**a & **sail c*uach*** & samadh ferna comor d*a* g*ach* n*eith* b*ear*btar iat ar **sisan eorna** & curtar mil & siucra innti & tobair da hol co minic sa lo co n-aithi. Item, dentar an tsailb ochta so ar im mhi Mai & curtar p*udur* **licoirisi** & ainisi & **caineil** inti & curtar bl*onaig* circe *no* cabuin annsa sailb & eabar ar bainne gobair & coimiltear don ucht & dona maethanuibh.


91. **Consolida minur**: **an noinin** & ata se f*uar* sa ii c*eim* & fl*iuch* sa iii c*eim* & is mor fognus an aig*id* na n-
easl*aint*eadh t*easaide* nger mar ata **terciana** & causon & a cosm*ail*e .i. gab noinin & **sail c*uach*** & **dubc*osach*** ur & **portulaca** & andiuia & scairiola & premha samaig & simsoca & samhadh ferna & adhann & **cruac pa*draig*** & blath **rosa deirg** & **raibe uisce** comor d*a* g*ach* n*eith* bristear iat & 


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b*earb* tar ar uisce firtibrad & sitoiltear co {ms folio 69b3} maith & curtar becan **finegra** & sug na n-**uball ngrainneac** ann & siucra & **licoiris** & an vii cuit dona neithib so & coimetar a soiteac stain & curtar an soiteac an uisce f*uar* 'na comnaighi & tobuir da ol don easlan mar is du. Item, g*abh* in l*uibh* so & b*ear*b ar folcadh da-nitear da duill*ebar* na
darach & a coimilt don folt & don fesoig & claecl*aid* dath
na leiti. Item, adeir **Au*icenna*** an l*uibh* so da briseadh & an t-uisce bhis 'na comnaigi a m-**bualtrac bo** da cur trit & a cur arna faitnib & ic*aid* iat. Item, g*abh* sug na l*uibhe* so & bainne cich mna beiris ingin & curtar en bainne de {ms folio 70a1} a poll na srona & glanaigh an incinn. Item, g*abh* sug na l*uibhe* c*et*na & barr **popin** & **duill*ebar* midhaighi**, na neithe so da brisig & a cumasc maille re g*eal*an *uighe* & a cur 'na ceirin arna n*eascoid*ib neimhneaca ina tosac & fritbuailigh co cumachtach iat.


92. **Conium**: .i. **ros na minne mire** & as f*uar* marbtac in ros so & da tuctar co hinmedonac marbaigh gan fuireac muna tuctar deoc d'fin te do ana diaigh & da tuctar foirig gan fuireac gan amurus & da curtar an ross so 'na ceirin arna cicib coisc*id* an bainne cic & tirm*uigid* iat. Item, g*abh* sug na l*uibhe* so & b*ear*b a duill*ebar* fein arna brisig arin sug so & dentar ceirin cum na **teneadh diadh** & chum na cneadh cnaidteac & foirigh. Item, g*abh* sug na luibhi so do coimilt da cicib na maigdin & ni tuitid & caelaid iat. A cuimilt mar an c*et*na dona huirgibh & coiscigh a ndruis.


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Ceirin don {ms folio 70a2} l*uibh* so da cur arna brisid maille re bl*onaig* m*uice* & re tuirinn an airgead arna haltaib & foirig galar na n-alt. Item, ceirin don l*uibh*. so 'na haenur da cur arna haltaib teas*aide* & foirig iat. An aig*id* **artetica** & **potagra** an l*uibh* so da brisig & a fuine a **plur mine eorna** & a cur an uamain & a brisig ana haitli sin & a cumasc maille re **finegra** & re sug na l*uibhe* so & a cur 'na ceirin arna haltaib mar in c*et*na & foirig gac uili guta & **artetica** tic o teas*aideacht*. An l*uibh* so da brisidh ar fin tren & ar uisce moinge mire & a cur 'na ceirin arin fordronn & arin imlinn & foirigh **ilica** & **coil*ica***. Item, g*abh* an l*uibh* so da lan duirn & en lan duirn da scairiola & bristear co mait & b*ear*b ar bl*onaig* m*uice* am*ail* **uinnemint** & foirigh an carraige. Item, g*abh* prem na l*uibhe* so & b*ear*b fo **luaith** & bristear co maith & curtar bl*onaig* m*uice* triti & plur mine cr*uithneacht*a & a cur arna hesbadhaibh & foirigh. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurub mor br*igh* na l*uibhe* so ana prem & ana sil & ana ros & as di gairtear ‘erba que interfecit Socratem’ .i. an l*uibh* {ms folio 70a3} da marb **Socrates**.


93. **Corallus rubius**: .i. **cruel dearg** .i. cloch noc ata f*uar* tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & gach deirge bis is uaislide & atait da gne uirre .i. g*ne* geal & g*ne* dearg & gac truimide & gac coinnlidhe beas as uaislide & ni ~~ni~~ bi br*igh* innte acht da xx bl*iadhan* & ata br*igh* coisce na f*ol*a innte & ata br*igh* comhfurtachta innti & is mor foghnus an aig*id*


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**eipil*ensia***. Et adeir **Diescordeis** cebe ' ga mbia ca himcur ni urcoidighinn toirneac na tennteach do gibe long a mbia ni denann anfad olc {ms folio 70b1} di & is maith an aig*id* na ndroc aislingthi e & ni denaid deamuin aer*dha* urcoid don ti 'ga mbi & cebe aca mbi ar im*chur* da sir ni baitear e. Et ase in **litronta** dl*eagh*us an fear do beit fona braigid & an cruel g*eal* dl*eagh*us in b*ean* do beith *aici* fona cicibh ga imcur & is mait p*udur* crueil an aig*id* easl*ainte* na mball spir*ad*alta am*ail* ata empima & a cosm*ail*e d'easl*aint*ibh ele ata maille re sil*eadh* fola.


94. **Corona regia**: .i. **an eachseamur**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa c*et* ceim & ata br*igh* comfurtachta & diureticac innti. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* maille re bl*onaig* & coiscid gaetmuireacht na n-innead & an gaili & oslaigid duinti na n-ae & na n-arann & in lesa & gebe gnath*aigeas* an l*uibh* so d'ithi do-ni anal maith aigi & is maith hi a foib*er*taibh na sul & da caitear co ceann xiii la maille re huisce foirig an buigeacuir. Da n-eabur an l*uibh* so go ceann xx la foiridh **potagra** & loiniga. Adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** co {ms folio 70b2} mbinn a br*igh* co ceann 4 mbl*iadhan* sa l*uibh* so .i. ina
sil & in sil sin da brisidh & a cur ar **eanbruiti** & ar
biataibh & do-ni deagblasta dhe.


95. **Coriandrum**: .i. luib fasus annsa dom*an* mhor & gairtear an t-ainm so da sil; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii c*eim* an sil so & an tan curtar an sil so a **finegra** & a b*ear*b*adh* & air in
 


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feadh mairis an **finegra** ann & a tobairt a haitle na codach & dil*eaghaidh* an biadh & comfurtachtaig*id* br*igh*a an gaili & as e a hainm an tan sin **coiriandrum infusum** & mairig a br*igh* annsa tsil so da bh*liadhain*[28](javascript:footNote('G600005/note028.html')) & as mor fodhnus an aig*id* na **singc*oipise*** & in **cardiaca p*assio*** & medaig*id* an toil & an druis ona gnath*ughadh*. Aderar fos gan a tobairt a med moir, Item, p*udur* do denamh de & a crotad ar feoil & da b*eir* bl*as* maith uirre.


96. **Centinodia**: .i. **in gluinech bec** & as teas*aide* tir*im* hi & as maith i an uinn*im*einntib{ms folio 70b3} lucta na highan .i. *abh* **gluinec bec** & **selid*onia*** & **rosa dearg** & prema **feineil** no a duill*ebar* & cainci acuidh & duill*ebar* ruibe & lus creighe & comunn gall & bristear na l*uibhe* so & dentar uisce dib a cosm*aileas* **uisci roisi** & gl*anaid* an rosc.


Item, dentar am*ail* so an **uinnemint** so .i. g*abh* ros na gluinighi bigi & **prema ragmuinn** & barr bilair & tene tal*man* & aibill uisce & ros neannta & prema **egrime *G*aedilaighi** bristear na l*uibhe* so & b*ear*btar ar seanbl*onaig* m*uice* & sitailtear & curtar bl*onaig* circe & cabun innte & coimiltear dona cosaibh ina mbi **potagra** & att na higroipisi & foirig iat. Item, dentar fotragadh{ms folio 71a1} mar so .i. g*abh* duill*ebar* **sidubail** & gluineach bec & **lubaitsi** & buatfallan l*iath* & duill*ebar* truim b*ear*btar ar uisci sailti & dentar fotragadh fona haltaibh am*ail* ad*erar* & foirig easl*ainte* na n-alt.




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97. **Crocus**: .i. in **croch** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa c*et* ceim & ata br*igh* comfurtachta an craige ann & na hincinne & da taiscidtear é an inadh glan .i. a leathar glan geal bigh br*igh* ann co ceann vi mbl. Adeir **Isacc** co comfurtachtaiginn & co n-anmannuiginn an gaili. Is amhlaigh comfurtachtaitear an gaili uadha .i. an tan caitear & an gaili folum & is aml*aigh* anbuinnigtear e in tan bis lan roimh a caitheamh. Item, g*abh* **croch** arna brisid co min & cumusc maille re buighen *uighe* & curtar cadas ann & curtar ar druim na sul & foirigh a ndeirge & a teinneas. Adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** co fuilid da gne arin **croc** .i. **ortentis** & **orientalis**. **Orientis** vero .i. **croch** do-nitear isna garrdaibh. **Orientalis** .i. **croch** da gab*ar* gan garrdha & an **croc** foruagh is olc e & co hairithi an {ms folio 71a2} tan bis a ndat **sitrina** & gac deirgi beas is fearrdi e & is moide as inmholta chum gac neith da ndubrumur e. Item, adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** cebe gnataideas an **croc** co him*urcach* da-ni faisdidium do & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt da lucht l*eann*a r*uaigh* oir togairmid in sceathrach annsa coimpl*easc* so & is mor foghnus in aig*id* **stranguria** & **coil*ica*** & **ilica**.


98. **Cubebis**: .i. spisrad; t*easaide* tir*im* sa c*et* ceim & ata se measurda & torad crainn noch fasas san **Innia** & bid a br*igh* ann co ceann x mbl*iadhan* & as amluig as maith é maille re bl*as* ger & re boltanug*ad* mor & re millseact & is mor fodhnus d'easl*ainte* an craighe re n-abur **sinc*oipis*** .i. g*abh* iiii ℈ da p*udur* cubibis & cumuisc maille re


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**borraiste** & a tabairt da lucht na **sinc*oipise*** & in **cardiaca** & foirig iat. Item, g*abh* cubibis & dena p*udur* dhe & cuir fo sroin luct apapl*exi*a & **eipil*ensi*a** & foirigh iat & glanuigh an incinn ona salcur. Item, g*abh* an spisrad so & dein **piement** de maille re fin & re mil & comfurtachtaid an gaili & na baill inmedonaca.


{ms folio 71a3} 99. **Catapusia**: .i. **gran oilella** & ata se t*easaide* t*irim* sa iii ceim & ata folmug*ad* l*eann*a f*inn* rigin ann co hairithi on gaili & ona hinnib & is mor fodhnus an aig*id* **artetica** & **fiabrus coididiana** & **coilica** & **ilica** & ni dl*eaghar* a tabairt co haenda ar eagla na sceatraighi {ms folio 71b1} da thogairm co foireigneac & is aml*aidh* is maith e g*eal* no uaine & gach dorcacht beas as misdi cum an l*eigis*.


100. **Cucurbita**: .i. luib fuar fl*iuch* co measarda & a cric teas*aide* fasas & fetar an t-ainm so da radh re sil na luibhe so & as re sil ele aderur sitruilli noc ata an aen aic*ned* re **cucuirbita** & is mor fhodhnuidh na silta so an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & na n-arunn & an lesa & an aig*id* na n*eascoid* cl*eibh* & is mor fognus da lucht l*eann*a r*uaigh* a caitim a samradh & is maith an aig*id* *easl*ainte** l*eann*a ruaigh am*ail* ata **terciana** & causon. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** co fuilit **na tri silta mora fuara** am*ail* ata **melones** & **cucuirbita** & sitruilli a dul co hurusa *an aig*id** l*eann*a ruaigh o seime a fol*aidh*. Tuic leat an tir


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nac fadtar na sila so co fodnann sceallain na n-uball cumhra ana inadh.


101. **Cuscuta**: .i. **claman lin**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa c*et* ceim & is bec lacus & in meid lagus ise l*inn* f*inn* {ms folio 71b2} *no* l*eann*a righin lagus on galli & ona hinnibh & as mor foghnus da lucht na higroipisi & is mor fodnus an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na **buideacuire** & as mor fodnus an aig*id* an f*iabras*a re n-abur emitritius & is e cuscuta is measa ann .i. in cuscuta fasas a faireadh an lin & ata seimiug*udh* na iiii l*eann*ann ann & l*inn* f*inn* co hairithi. A cnuasach an tan beas a blath air & mairigh a br*igh* co cenn da bl*iadh*ann am*ail* adubramur.
1. Don dactuili
2. don milbocan
3. don **dragantum**
4. don *di*egridium
5. don tserban muc
6. dona l*uibh*ib diureticaca
7. don **litronta**
8. don copurrus



{ms folio 71b3} 102. **Dactulus**: .i. torud crainn noch ata teas*aide* fl*iuch* sa ii c*eim* & is mor fodnus an aig*id* na cosachtaighe tirma & na cnaimhe bhis isin toradh so da brisidh & a tobairt


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dan luct ara mbinn innrum brond & foirigh. An cnaimh c*et*na da chur fon **luaith** a cur fona fiaclaibh tene & foirigh a teinneas co cumachtach an tan tic o fuaruigheacht & aderuid na tuatada nac baidhtear an ti 'ca mbi fona braigid.


103. **Daucus asininus**: .i. in **milbocan**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & is mor a br*igh* a leith a sil & a duill*ebair* & a preme & a {ms folio 72a1} *blatha* & as uime aderur an t-ainm sin ris .i. **daucus asininus** .i. **asininus** an t-asal & ise biadh dilis an asail e ~~e~~. Ata gne ele don l*uibh* so re n-abur **daucus credicus** & on oilean darub ainm **Creidi** ainmnidtear e .i. oilen G*reagach* eisein oir ni fasann acht san oilen sin. Ata br*igh* cnaidteach discailteach seimhithi annsa l*uibh* so on foladh seimh ata aici & ona cailibh cudruma ata innti & as mor fodnus an l*uibh* so arna b*ear*b*adh* maille re figeadhaibh tirma ar fin an aig*id* an **asma** & na **cosachtaighi** f*uair*e fl*iuch* & a cuis an cl*eibh* tic o adbar f*uar* gan f*iabras* in l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin maille re liccoiris & re p*udur* rueil & eabar mocrac & trat nona.


Item, g*abh* da trian fina & trian uisci & lan duirn da dubcosac & lan duirn da **mercuirial** & da **milbocan** oiread da g*ach* l*uibh* bristear & b*earb* ar fin *no* ar uisce mar adubramur & sitlaidhtear & eabur ar cur meala fai & oslaigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Item, g*abh* sugh **meirsi** & b*ear*btar {ms folio 72a2} **milbocan** & faisctear & glantar am*ail* **siroip** & foirigh an igroipis gan amurus & osluichis


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duinti & slidhte na n-ae & na s*eilge* na n-arunn. Item, g*abh* an l*uibh* so & bris co maith hi & dena p*udur* dhi & curtar a maillin lin & b*ear*btar a mailin ar fin & curtar ar in mbatais & coiscigh teinneas an cinn & a cur ar druim an gaili & coiscigh a gaetmuireacht. Item, g*abh* an **lictabaire** darub ainm **triafera** & p*udur* na l*uibhe* so & foirigh an igroipis. Tabair an p*udur* so ar fin finn & glanuigh an **f*uil* m*ista***. Item, g*abh* moran da barr na l*uibhe* so & b*ear*bar fin & ar ola & curtar arna hairnib an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria** & a cur arin **imlican** & foirig **coil*ica*** & **ilica**. G*abh* prem na l*uibhe* so & premha **eigrime** & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirig gal*air* na n-arann & an lesa. Dentar **siroip** da sugh **feineil** & da premaib ba l*uibhe* so an aig*id* na higroipisi tic o f*uaraideacht*. Item, g*abh* an l*uibh* so & b*ear*b ar fin & ar ola & a leigin am*ail* sin co ceann x la & a b*ear*b*adh* ina haitle *no* co ndeaca an fin fo bruit {ms folio 72a3} & a cur sis aris & ceir da cur trit & a mb*ear*b*adh* d'aentaibh no co mbia am*ail* **uinnemint** & a coimilt dona ball*aibh* fuara & teigidh lad gan amurus.


104. **Dragantum**: .i. gum crainn fasas annsa Tal*amh* Naem; f*uar* sa ii c*eim* & fl*iuch* sa c*et* c*eim* & atait tri gneiti uirre, an c*et* ghne d*ibh* bit g*eal* & issi is ferr dib; an ii gne a ndath foruagh; an iii gne a ndath buighi {ms folio 72b1} *no* annsa dath re n-abar sitrina & asi an gne g*eal* bertar isna l*eiges*aibh fuara & na gneithi eli isna l*eiges*aib teas*aide*. Mairigh a br*igh* da bl*iadhain* ann & atait tri br*igha* sa gum



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so .i. br*igh* fuartha ona fuaire & br*igh* glanta ona fl*iuchaidheacht* & br*igh* ceangail ona gumamlacht. Item, b*ear*btar an gum so & **gum araibi** ar **sisan eorna** & as cumachtach an aig*id* ainnteasa an cl*eibh* an sisan sin.


Item, g*abh* uisce ara mb*ear*btar **licoiris** & curtar an gum so air & foirigh an **cosachtach**. Item, an t-uisce c*et*na & cuirtear **dragantum** ann la co n-aithe & tabair lan leighi da ol de & foirigh tirmach an bel. Item, g*abh* **uisce na roisi** & cuir an gum so air *no* go leagha & curtar p*udur* ameide ann & sitoiltear ar en*g* rian & curtar cleite ann & a coimilt d'algaib an beoil & na teangadh & foirigh iat. Item, g*abh* **dragantum** & curtar an **uisce na roisi** la co n-aithe & curtar arna maireac **borax** maeth & **campora** ann & coimiltear dan aig*id* & glanuigh hi & scrisaidh a fatadh {ms folio 72b2} dhi. Item, g*abh* griban & boin sugh as & cuir **dragantum** ann re fead aitche & tumtar edach ann & cuirtear arna n*eascoidi*bh teas*aide* ina tosach & fritbuailidh iat. Item, g*abh* an gum c*et*na & cumusc an uisce fertana & en circe do b*ear*b*adh* arin uisce so & a tabairt da caiteamh idir feoil & **eanbruiti** & bristear na cloca fuail uada & foirigh urcoid na n-arann. Item, adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** da cumusctar **dragantum** maille re g*ealan* *uighe* & a cur ar loscad teineadh no uisce & foirigh he.




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105. **Diegreidium**: .i. sud luibe noch is cosmuil re gerr na heigme & isna laeib re n-abur **dies caineclaireis** do-nitear & as amluigh do-nitear .i. g*abh* duill*ebar* & sil na luibe re n-abar diegredium & bristear co maith faisctear tri edach lin & tirmuidtear & bigh 'na diegreidium & ase dath as fearr air a beith dub no a ngoire da duibhe *no* fo-g*eal* & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt a meid is mo na da ℥ *no* da *scrupal* co leith & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt gan maisdix{ms folio 72b3}*no* **gum araibi** *no* bidellium .i. srianta ele dona l*eigesaibh* lac*tacha* & ata folmugad l*eann*a r*uaigh* co hoir*eda* & l*eann*a f*inn* co tan*aiste* & l*eann*a d*uibh* co deiginach. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** nach dl*eaghar* diegridium da tobairt maille re huisce fuar da b*er*ar e maille re l*eiges*aibh lac*tach*a am*ail* ata **oiximel** lac*tach*a lictubaire lac*tach*a am*ail* ata **triafera sarasenica** noch folm*uig*eas l*inn* r*uagh* co hoir*eda* *no* a cumusc *le* **blanca** o folmuidtear l*inn* finn *no* a cumusc maille re **diesene** o folmuidtear l*inn* d*ubh* & as faidi b*er*as a br*igh* ann & a cumasc{ms folio 73a1} maille re na **lictabairib** na a cumusc maille re na deocaib oir mairigh a br*igh* ann co ceann da bl*iadhain* no tri mbl*iadhan* & a cumusc maille re na **lictabairib** & ni dl*eaghar* a tabairt an aimser tsamraigh acht maille re huisce bog annsa meid adubrumur romhainn.




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106. **Dens leonis**: .i. an serban m*uc*: t*easaide* sa ii c*eim* & tir*im* sa iii & as mor fodnus & as mor folmuigheas & glanus l*inn* d*ubh* & an tan peacaigus f*uil* dearg ana call maille re l*inn* d*ubh* g*abh* prema na l*uibhe* so & **liatlus bec** & **gorman** & **prema losa na franc** & **prema finscoithi** & **dairin** & **prema odraigh** & becan **fumiter** bristear na l*uibhe* so & curtar ar lind tren maille re mil & eabar an deoch so & glanaidh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & innarbaidh l*inn* d*ubh*. G*abh* an luib so & buigen *uighe* & **sug slanlosa** & **min eorna** & cuir ari*n* n*eascoid* re n-abur **antrax** & brisig & foirigh gan amurus. Item, g*abh* an l*uibh* c*et*na & bun copog & b*ear*b ar folcad fuinnseann & coimil{ms folio 73a2} don t-**sail cnis** & foirigh cudum an fuilt & da-beir dat maith air.


107. **Diureticam**: .i. gach luibh ana fuil brig togairmthi in fuail & briste na cloc mar ata sil **melones** & sitruilli & **cucumeris** & **cucuirbita** & sil **feinel** & ainisi & **persille** & **elistroint** & premha **egrime** & **milbocan** & **bilar** & **sil raidleoigi** & **fuil bocain** & **caera in eighind na crann** & **gurmaill** & is iat so na neithi diureticaca fuara am*ail* ata andiuia & scairiola & sicoreo & samadh & ae aba & **teneagal** & bl*ath* raibhi uisci & sil **popin**. Is iat so na neice diureticaca fl*iuch*a .i. **licoiris** & sil leamhaigh & sil **popin g*il*** & prema na raibi uisce & na iiii sila mora fuara mar ata **cemen citruilli & melonium & cucuirbita & nenufar** & a cosmuile. Is lat so na l*eigis* brisis na clocha f*uail* .i. bun feir magrullaigh & crim m*uice* fiad & {ms folio 73a3} **spica 


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nardi** & **licoiris** & mine muire & **bruscus** .i. gilcac sleibe & lus cnis conculainn & caera an eighinn & a cosm*uile*.


108. **Diptannus**, **pulegium martis**: .i. da ainm an **litontra** & ata se t*easaide* t*irim* sa iii ceim & ata br*igh* aitairrngteac innti & br*igh* seimidteac & br*igh* discailteach & is mor fodhnus an easl*ainte* na n-ae & greime na con conf*aidh*. In l*uibh* so do brisidh & ceirin do denamh de *no* {ms folio 73b1} a sugh so d'ol & foirigh gerradh na con confaigh & gach uili neimh & is mor fodnus an l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria** & ic*aidh* iat. A tabairt ar fin & foirigh **asma**. Prema na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar sugh artamesia & a tobairt sa **mac*lac*** amuil pisairium & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & innarbaidh an **toirrceas marb** bis ann. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar **sug ruibhe** & pud*ur* **castoirium** da cur ann & a ol & foirig **eipil*ensi*a**. An l*uibh* c*et*na & soibirgin da brisid & a cur 'na ceirin um in mball a mbi crit & foiridh. Adeir **Pilorietus** gurab ferr an l*uibh* so ur na crin & gurob mo tigernaidheas a br*igh* 'na preim na 'na barr & bigh a br*igh* 'na preim on a tirmug*ad* co ceann da bl*iadhan*. P*udur* na l*uibhe* so da cumusc maille re sugh minntais & foirigh gac neimh & gac olc ban. Item, g*abh* pud*ur* na l*uibhe* so & sug aipsinnti & becan da siucra g*eal* cumusctar & tabair lan leighi dib gac lae & foirig teinneas an gaili & **supocasio matrisis**. P*udur* na l*uibhe* so & sugh minntais da congmail sa bel co fada & {ms folio 73b2}


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foirig **pairilis** na teangad. A sug so & sugh minntais da tabairt mar in c*et*na sa sroin & fodnaig co mor an aig*id* **pairilisi** na mball air ceana.


109. **Dragantum**: .i. **in coporrus**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa 4 ceim & atait iiii gneiti air .i. g*ne* geal & araibicum a hai*n*m .i. san **Araip** da-gabar e & g*ne* buighi darub ainm siperinum & sai*n* oilen darub ainm **Sipra** da-gab*ar* e. In iii g*ne* darub ainm frasina .i. sa **Frainc** da-gabur e & dath uaine bhis air. In iiii g*ne* darub ainm andicum & dat glas bis air & san **Innia** da-gabur & mitaill talmuighe na gneu so & ase dath as ferr air .i. dath solus uaine & bigh a br*igh* x mbl*iadhna* ann. Et ata br*igh* discailteac cnaigteac tirmaigteac ann gurab uime sin is imcub*aidh* e da r*eir* **Pl*aitiairius*** an aig*id* na linnigan & na feadanachta fl*iuch*a ele da tirmug*ad*. Item, g*abh* p*udur* **dragantum** & a da urdail da min ponairi arna parsail & an iiii cuid {ms folio 73b3} da **gallunaigh** & dentar **ga copo** de & a cur a mbel na cneidhi & fairsing*id* na cn*eadha* & tairrngidh a cnaime bristi & atnuaig*id* a feoil. Is mor fodnus an aig*id* an gal*air* darub ainm poilipus .i. gal*ar* da gal*raibh* na srona & is uime aderar poillipus ris .i. as inann **poli** & meall & is inann **pus** & siligh .i. meall bis ar sil*eadh* sa sroin. Item, g*abh* **apostoilicon** **uinnemint** imcub*aidh* na cn*eadh* & curtar **dragantum** triti & suat co maith trit a celi & curtar a poll*aibh* na srona {ms folio 74a1} & foirigh an gal*ar* adubrumur. Item, **ga copa** da cadas da tuma an uisce


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saillte & cuir p*udur* **dragantum** air & cuir sa sroin & foirig **poilipus**. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** in l*eiges* c*et*na da cur sa **mac*lac*** & foirigh **flux** na fola m*ista*. A cur mar in c*et*na sa sroin & foirig **flux** f*ol*a na srona & foirigh mar in c*et*na **flux** f*ol*a na **timtireachta**. **Dragantum** da leg*adh* ar uisce no ar bainne *no* ar g*eal*an *uighe* & a cur am*ail* foib*er*t fona suilib & foirigh a ndeirge & a fl*iuchaidheacht*. Nod leat nac dl*eaghar* **dragantum** da cumusc maille re l*eiges* eli acht muna loisctear ar dus e as aml*aidh* .i. a cur ar ndenam p*uduir* de a mblaeisc *uighe* c*ir*ce e ar teinigh gan en raed trit & an uair bus dearg e a cur isna cneadaib & isna l*eiges*aib adubrumar.
1. Don baluart
2. d'eiginn na crann
3. don eigeann tal*man*
4. don tatabaid
5. don *en*diuia
6. don ellinn
7. dona haeib abha
8. da bl*ath* na time
9. don eisbeorna
10. don eu*forbium*
11. don uma loiscte
12. don ematites
13. don emblisi
14. don cearrbocan.





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110. **Ebulus**, **cameactis**: .i. d*a* ainm in **ualuaird** & is t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & is mor cosmailtear a br*igh* & a oibr*iugad* risin **sambucas** acht amain gurab treisi an br*igh* lac*tach* sa **ualuard** & ase sugh a premh is imcub*aidh* chum an l*eigis* & ata folmug*adh* l*eann*a f*inn* co hoir*eda* innte {ms folio 74a3} maille re haitarraing & folm*ugad* na n-uili l*eann*ann righin & ata folmug*ad* suas & sis ann co foireigneac gurab uime sin nac dl*eaghar* a tobairt act an tan bus dil*eaghtha* in t-adbar. Dleagur an corp d'ullmug*ad* chum an **fluxa** roimpi & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** nach dl*eaghar* an l*eiges* ana mbia toghairm na sceatraige da tobairt *no* co mbia in t-adbar dil*eaghth*a. Fodn*uigh* purgoid na l*uibhe* so co mor an aig*id* **tersiana** & do-nitear o **coil*era* uitilina** no **citrina** & fodn*uigh* co mor an aig*id* **coididiana** bis re haimser fada. Is mor fodnus an l*uibh* c*et*na an aig*id* duinte na n-ae & na buidheocuire & **coilica** & **ilica** & **potagra** & **artetica** & **leucafl*eadh*mainnsia**. Item, g*abh* lan blaisce *uighe* da sugh a preime & cumusc maille re fin finn & tabar & as mait an aig*id* na neitead adubrumar. Gab prema na l*uibhe* c*et*na & cuir a **siroip** *no* an oiximel{ms folio 74b1} lac*tach* *no* b*ear*btar a sugh ~~a sugh~~ so maille re mil & bigh br*igh* lac*tach* sa mil so co mor.


Item, dentar fotragad da duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* so da lucht na higroipisi & comfurtachtaig*id* co mor iat & is mor fodhnus an **uinnemint** do-nitear don l*uibh* so don luct ara mbi bruth *no* gerba *no* salcar idir feoil & leatar. Urbruith da denamh don l*uibh* so don ball arna bruthadh. Adeir **Raisis** prema na l*uibhe* so da buain san errach & a



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tirm*ughadh* re grein & bigh a mbr*igh innta co ceann mbl*iadhan*, Et adeir an fer c*et*na p*udur* da denam da premaib na l*uibhe* c*et*na & a teimperail maille re sugh felneil & minntais & siucra & cumaisc & leagar feadh oidchi 'na comnaighi & eabur arna mhaireach & foirigh an easl*ainte* adubrumur. Item, g*abh* **duill*ebar* ualuairt** & truim b*ear*btar ar uisce sallite & dentar fotragad don ball a mbia att na higroipisi no **potagra** *no* **artetica** & foirigh iat. Item, g*abh* duill*ebar* {ms folio 74b2} **baluairt** & duill*ebar* truim bristear co min & b*ear*btar ar sug na l*uibhe* so fein & curtar ceirin de arna haltaib mar is teo fuilingeas & foirigh **artetica** & att na higroipisi. Item, sug na l*uibh*e c*et*na & p*udur* assola maille re siucra & folmhaig*idh* gac uili easl*ainte* tic o l*inn* finn* & na heaslainti adubrumar romainn.[29](javascript:footNote('G600005/note029.html'))


111. **Edera arborea**: .i. **eiginn na crann** & ata se t*easaide* co measurdha & as mor a tirmaigeacht & **funis paperum** ainm eli do. Sugh eiginn da coimilt dan inadh darb ail leat a finnfad da buain & boinigh a finnfadh de. An ni c*et*na da coimilt don folt & marbaigh na mila & na sneadha. An sug c*et*na d'ol & oslaig*idh* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & a tobairt co mor da lucht an **asma**. In sugh c*et*na da cur sa cl*uais* & foirigh teinneas & *neascoide* na cl*uas* & coiscigh sileadh na n-adbar ele cucu {ms folio 74b3} & foirigh


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cr*eacht*a na cl*uas*. An s*ugh* c*et*na d'ol & innarb*aidh* l*inn* r*uagh* loisce & da tuctar co himurcach togairmig **disinteria** & as uime aderar edera risin l*uibh* so .i. edus an meannan or biad dilis na meannan e oir da-beir se bainne doib gin go berid meannain ele. In sug so d'ol da duine & marb*aidh* gac uili peist bi san gaile. Adeir **Plaitiairius** co fuil {ms folio 75a1} br*igh* **sdipecda** sa l*uibh* so & fognuig co mor an aig*id* **disinteria** & urbruith da denam de fon **timtireacht** *no* ceirin umna d*ubh*anaib & do-nit caera an eiginn an .c. n. darub ainm Laidne **carapotisi**.


112. **Edera terrestris**: .i. an t-**eigheann talman** & is t*easaide* tir*im* an l*uibh* so & ata togairm na f*ola* m*ista* ann & tarbaig*id* co mor an aig*id* **mola m*atricis***. Gabh an l*uibh* so & clamhan l*in* oiread da gach n*i* & b*ear*bt ar ar fin finn & tobairt mar dig do mnai & scail*id* m*ola* matrisis. Item, dentar ceirin don l*uibh* c*et*na maille re  **type="pharm">deascaib fina** da cur mon imlinn ar druim an **macl*aig*** & togairmig an fuil m*ista* & scail*id* **mola matrisis**. Item, ceirin dan l*uibh* c*et*na maille re **blonaig m*uice*** da cur arna haltaibh & foirigh **potagra** & **artetica**. An l*uibh* c*et*na maille re crotfull cuill & fotragadh da denamh as & foirigh an buigheacair.


113. **Eleborus nider**: .i. **in tathaba dub**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* is cosmuil a oibriug*adh* risin **tataba ngeal** act



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amain is mo lagas an **tataba d*ubh*** sis & an **tataba g*eal*** suas & asi prem na l*uibhe* so is fearr cum an l*eigis* oir gnath*uigh*tear a cur an **oiximel** & a comsuig*igtib* & a **lictabairib** lac*tacha* & folm*uigid* in l*uibh* so l*inn* d*ubh* nadura & l*inn* d*ubh* mi-n*adura* co hoir*eda*. Is mor foghnus an aig*id* **mainia** & **melangcoil*ia*** & don luct ara mbi u**uertigo** & **scotomia** do-nitear o l*inn* d*ubh* & curtar isna purgaidib lac*tacha* hi mar so .i. ʒ da p*udur* premh na luibe so & madh e a b*ear*b*adh* na l*uibhe* so da gentar ar fin no ar lind no ar midh fitear da ʒ *no* a tri da tobairt di mar
sin. Et adeir **Plaitiairius** nac dl*eaghar* an luib so da tobairt dan lucht aga mbi easl*ainte* cleibh na don lucht aga mbidh corp cael anmann. Item, p*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur a poll*aibh* na srona & fodn*aidh* co mor da lucht **litairgia**. Item, duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* {ms folio 75a3} so da b*ear*b*adh* ar im *no* ar ola & a ligin tri edac lin & foir*idh* an carraighi co deimin.


114. **Endiuia**: et ata in luibh so fuar sa c*et* ceim & tir*im* sa ii ceim & ata a br*igh* uili ana duill*ebar* & ina sil & ata br*igh* diureticach ann & comhfurtachtaig*id* na hae & an tsealg an tan tic o adbur teas*aide* & is mor tarbaidheas an l*uibh* so an aig*id* na n*eascoid*e teas*aide* inmedonaighi & is {ms folio 75b1} mor fodnus an aig*id* na fiabras seacranach noc tic o adbar teas*aide* a **siroipib** & a ndeocaib & ceirinacaib. Gab indiuia & prema **sitabail** & **dubcosach** ur & **sail c*uach*** & samadh ferrna & **easboc beain** & **rudus** & prema samaig


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b*ear*b*aigh* na l*uibhe* so ar braitlis & glantar le mil & le **licoiris** & eabur mar gac **siroip**. Sugh na l*uibhe* so do chumusc maille re huisce & osluigidh duinti na n~ae & na seilge & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurub bec b*ear*b*adh* na l*uibhe* so gurab uime sin ordaigtear a cur sa fiucadh ndeiginach dona saetraigridibh so anuas.


115. **Elena campana**: .i. **in eillin**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & fliuch sa c*et* ceim. In luibh so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & in togluasacht & in **fual**. Ceirin da preimh na l*uibhe* so da chur arin imlinn & coiscid **ilica** & **coilica**. An luib c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & ar mil an aenfeacht & a cur 'na ceirin arna dubanaib & foirigh{ms folio 75b2} teinneas na n-arunn. Item, g*abh* prema na l*uibhe* c*et*na & dena pudar de & beirb ar mil noco ma tiugh & eabar lan leighe ar c*et*longad & re loighe & foirigh an cosactac & ata br*igh* comfurtachta & cnaidteac & glantach na feitheadh sa l*uibh* so. In l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin an aig*id* teinnis & gaetmuireachta in gaili. Premha na luibhi c*et*na da tirmug*adh* a tosach an tsamraigh & b*eir*ig a br*igh* bl*iadhain* innte. Item, p*udur* na luibhi so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce maille re huisce eorna & re **licoiris** & p*udur* **caineil** & siucra da cur air & tarbaigh co mor an aig*id* easl*ainte* na mball spir*adalta*. In l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & ar ola & a cur 'na ceirin ar in **imlican** & foirigh **ilica** & **coil*ica*** & **stranguria**.




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116. **Epatica**: .i. **ae aba** & atait siat f*uar* tir*im*, sa iii c*eim* & isi uair as fearr hi an uair is mo a duill*ebar* & ata br*igh* fuarta diureticach innti & as mor fognus an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na seilge noc {ms folio 75b3} do-nitear o adbar teas*aide*. **Siroip** na luibe so 'na haenur & pudur reubarbram da chur innti & foirigh duinte na n-ae & an buigheocur. Gac uili deoch & **siroip** & ceirin do-gentar cum na n-ae dl*eaghar* ae aba da cur ann. Item, bristear an l*uibh* & curtar g*eal*an *uighe* triti & fritbuail*idh* na n*eascoid*e t*easaide*. An l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & im gan sal*ann* da cur trite & foirigh in ceirin duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*.


117. **Epetimen**: .i. **blath na time**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ata folmug*adh* l*eann*a d*uibh* n*adurta* & mi-n*adurtha* ann co hoir*eda* & folmug*adh* l*eanna* f*inn* co tan*aiste* gurab uime sin as tarbach hi da lucht **mainia** & **mel*an*coilia** & **quartana** & **coididiana** & gal*ar* na s*eilge* & gach easl*ainte* do-nitear o l*inn* d*ubh*. Et gnath*uigh*tear a cur isna comsuigtibh oir geraidh se an l*eiges* lac*tach* & da tuctar 'na haenur togairmig **sinc*oipis*** & glanuigh fidhisi na scamhan o l*inn* f*inn* reamur & o l*inn* d*ubh* co dilis. Not leat da r*eir* **Pl*aitiairius*** co ndil*eaghann* an l*uibh* so l*inn* d*ubh* co dilis. An l*uibh* so do b*ear*b*adh* ar fin an aig*id* na



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sincoipisi do-nitear o gaetmuireacht & furtachtaig*id* co mor e. An l*uibh* c*et*na & claman lin da brisidh & **bl*onaig* muice** da cur trita & foirigh cruas na s*eilg*e. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a ol roimh aix*is* **quartana** & foirig.


118. **Esula**: **eisbeorna** & ata si t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & isi a premh is fearr chum an l*eigis* lac*taigh* a ngach en gne dibh & ata folmug*adh* l*eann*a finn & na l*eann*ann {ms folio 76a2} righin innte co hoir*eda* & folmug*adh* l*eanna* r*uaigh* co tan*aiste* gurab uime sin as mor tarbaigheas si da lucht **potagra** & **sireagra** & **artetica** & **coil*ica*** & **ilica** & 
**leucafleadhmainnsia** & codidiana & a cosmuili. Da-berur an l*uibh* so ar fin te *no* ar lind te *no* an uigh buic & oibr*ighidh* co mor & geraig*id* gach l*eiges* folm*uigh*eas l*inn* fi*nn* & na l*eann*a air ceana. A buain san errach & bigh a br*igh* da bl*iadhain* innte.


119. **Euforbium**: .i. gum crainn & is t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim e & ata br*igh* l*actach* co foirtill ann & is amluigh is ferr e a ndath buidhi & folm*uigid* l*inn* fi*nn* & na leanna rigni co hoir*eda* on gaili & ona hinnibh & folm*uigid* na l*eann*a c*et*na ona haltaib & is tarbach e an aig*id* strang*uria* coididiana do-nitear o coil*era* sitrina *no* uitilina. Is mor fodhnus an aig*id* na higroipisi tig o
fuar*aideacht* & an aig*id* **artetica** & **coil*ica*** & **ilica** oir cnaig*id* in fl*iuchaideacht* imurcach o ndentar na heasl*ainte*


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adubrumur & calm*uigid* cumscug*adh* & rath*ughadh* na feitead. Adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurab amlaigh dleag*ur* an purgoid so da tobairt{ms folio 76a3} .i. **gum araibium** & bidellium & **maisdix** da cumusc mallle ris & a tobairt am*laigh* sin oir da scrisfadh se na hinne da tuctaig*id* e co haenda. Adeir in fear c*et*na gurab tarbach he an aig*id* **eipil*ensia*** & apaplexia & sefailia & ise an gum so geraideas **benedicta** & **iaralogodion** & dl*eaghar* a tobairt maille re huisce ara mb*ear*btar **ainis** no sil **feinel** cum l*eigis* **asma** no disnia. {ms folio 76b1} In gum c*et*na da cur ar smeroidib derga & a deathac da ligin sa mbel an aig*id* an cumgaid anala & oslaigid na fidhisi innas co ritaid na leanna righne bis ansa scaman cum a n-innarbtha & bigh a br*igh* ann x mbl*iadhna* & **lictabaire** ana curtar e fodn*uigh* co mor da lucht na mi-cuimhni & **litairgia**. An ceann da bearradh & a nighe a fin te & ainnsein eufoirbium da coimilt de & foirigh **litairgia**. Item, eufoirbium da tobairt an uigh buig & foirigh an buidheacuir & duinte na n-ae & na seilge. Item, eufoirbium & **maisdix** & gallunach *uiread* d*a* g*ach* n*i* a cur isna cn*eadh*aib & foirig gac uile linniga & salcur & feadanacht.


120. **Es ustum**: .i. **umha loisce**; t*easaide* tri*im* sa ~~sa~~ iiii ceim & ata folm*ughadh* l*eann*a d*uibh* co hoir*eda* ann & ata br*igh* seimhithi cnaidteac discail*teach* ann gurab uime sin curtar e isna tretaib discailteacha am*ail* ata **apostolicon** & a cosmuile. P*udur* da denam {ms folio 76b2} dhe chum


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na cneadh salach & cnaigidh an ainmfeoil & comfurtachtaidh iat. An p*udur* c*et*na da cumasc maille re mil & re gallunaigh & a cur isna cn*eadh*aib & foirigh gach uili linnidha & feadanacht na cneadh. P*udur* umha loisce da tobairt maille re h-**oiximel** *no* maille re huisce bog & as cumachtach fholm*uigh*eas l*inn* d*ubh* sis & suas.


121. **Ematites**: .i. cloch noch ata fuar tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & dat banglas bis uirre & san **Innia oirteraigh** da gabur hi & ata br*igh* coisci fola innte & is uime aderar ematiteis ria oir is inann ‘ema’ asin G*reigis* & fuil isin Gaeidilg & as inann ‘titis’ & fostogh oir ata fostogh na f*ola* innti. **Sug losa in sparain** da choimilt don cloith so & a cur sa sroin & coisc*id* **flux f*ola* na srona** & cadas da tuma sa sugh c*et*na & a cur san cneigh & coisc*idh* fuil na cneadh. Tabuir uisce na cloithi so da ol da lucht **ematoica** .i. an tseli fola & foirigh iat. An cloch so do nighe a **sugh c*ruaiche* P*adraig*** & a tabairt dona mnaib ara mbi **flux** f*ola* m*ista* & foirig iat.


122. **Emblici**: .i. torta crainn fasus sa domun mhor & ata folm*ughadh* l*eann*a duib & l*eann*a f*inn* inntu & as tarbach iat an aig*id* na n-easl*ainteadh* ad*ogh*mur mar ata **quartana** & a cosm*uil*e. P*udur* do denamh d'emblici & d'aloes & ola da chur trita & a coimilt don folt & ni licinn a tuitim & da-beir fas air. P*udur* emblici da chumasc maille re sugh


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coinnle muire & a cur isin {ms folio 77a1} **timtireacht** & coiscidh **flux** f*ola* emaroighideis & a chur sa **mac*lac*** & coiscigh **flux** fola na mban.


123. **Eruca**: .i. in **cearrmacan**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ata br*igh* diureticach and & glanuigh co mor slidhthi in lesa. Prema cerrmacain da b*ear*b*adh* ar mil & foirig an cosachtac. Sugh na l*uibhe* so & mil da b*ear*b*adh* ara ceili & a caitimh & osl*uigidh* duinte na n-ae & na s*eilge*. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a cur 'na ceirin arin ceann ara mbi cneadh & tairrngid na cnaimhe bristi & a salcur as. Et adeir **Macer** gibe neac gnataigeas na prema so co medaig*id* an silne & an geineamhain & in tan caitear maille re **lactuca** & re sil **feineil** & is mor fodnus mar in c*et*na .
1. Don iarrunn
2. don ladh bis san omur
3. don aibill uisce
4. don pis G*reagach*
{ms folio 77a2}
6. don lus na sum t*alman*
7. d*on* fuinnseoic
8. d*on* eorna
9. d*on* fenel
10. d*on* feinel muc
11. d*on* laibin


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14. d*on* dombl*as* ae
15. d*on* filipindula
16. d*on* fumiter
17. d*on* ca*e*rtann c*urraigh*
18. d*on* bitnua
19. d*o* caerib in ibuir cra*ige*
20. d*ona* figeadaib
21. d*on*a deascaib.



124. **Ferrum**, **ferrugo** & **sgama ferri**: .i. **in t-iarunn** & {ms folio 77a3} **in t-slaighe** & **in tuirinn**; is t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ata deitfir idir na gneitib so .i. ferrum in t-iarunn & ferrugo in tslaighi & scama ferra an tuireann.


An t-iarann vero ata br*igh* comfurtachta & tairngteac & fostoiteac ann. An bainne b*ear*btar leisin iarunn coisgidh **flux** na bronn. In cned loisctear leis coisc*id* a fuil. In slaighi vero ata br*igh* seimhighti tirmaidteac ann. An fin ina mbaitear an slaighe coisc*id* r*e*madus & duinti na s*eilge*. Item, dentar p*udur* min don tslaighe & cumaisctear maille re sugh na coinnle muire & tumtar cadas ann & curtar sa **timtireacht** & coisc*id* **flux** emaroides. Item, g*abh* slaigteach dearg & doirt **finegra** air & lic a deatach fon **timtireacht** & foirig tenesmon & ni dl*eaghar* an tuireann da tobairt ana haenur gan *n*eithi **stipeaca** maille ris mar ata duill*ebar* **rosa** oir da ghen*f*adh cr*eachta* arna hinnibh & folmaig*id* da r*eir* a truime na l*eann*a truaill*nidhe* da geib san gaili & isna hinnib & ata



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folm*ughadh* l*eann*a d*uibh* co hair*eda* innti. Ata {ms folio 77a4} br*igh* fostoiteac ann amail is follus a lucht emoroideis oir coisc*id* a **flux** & **flux** f*ola* na mban & is cumachtach foiris{ms folio 77b1} drochdat na haithce noch do-nitear o l*inn* d*ubh*. Da chur neith ar dermaid o duine d'fuat *no* da grad *no* gibe ni bis ar *a* aire an fin *no* an deoch b*ear*btar leisin slaighe da tobairt da ol & ni cuimhneocha da cumachta na neithi so. Adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** an slaidteac do minug*ad* a meid grainne pibair & p*udur* **caineil** & **sinnseir** & ainisi & **licoirisi** da cur ann & a caitimh ar c*et*long*adh* & re loighe & foirig duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & curtar p*udur* na tuirinne a **lictabairibh** & a l*eigeas*aibh comsuig*igte* mar ata **triafera s*ara*senica** & a cosmaile.


125. **Ferrarium**: .i. in ladh bis an ictar an omair a mbaitear an t-iarunn & is f*uar* tir*im* e & ata br*igh* fostoidteac ann & is tarbach e an aig*id* **potagra** & **artetica**. An t-uisce b*ear*btar leisin iarunn da chur a fotragad & coisc*id* an t-allus imurcach. Urbruit da denam d'uisce a mbaitear an t-iarann & d'uisce fertana & a deatach da ligin fo fer disinter*i*a.


126. **Flamula**: .i. in **aibill uisce**; t*easaide* {ms folio 77b2} tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & as mor fodhnus cum na cnait*idh* oir t*airrn*gid fliucada imurcach cum a hinaigh. D' aipiug*ad* na n*eascoid*ead f*uar* ceirin don l*uibh* c*et*na & do bl*onaig* m*uice* da cur orra. Da-beraid drong eigin an l*uibh* c*et*na ar digh


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an aig*id* **potagra** & **quartana** & a cosm*uil*e. Uinnemint don l*uibh* c*et*na do coimilt dona taebaibh & foirigh **stranguria** & **disuria**. Sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na da coimilt don baiteas & foiridh an teinneas cinn re n-abar **emagrania**.


127. **Fenugrecum**: .i. **pis *no* feinel G*reagach***: t*easaide* sa ii ceim & tir*im* sa c*et* ceim & ata br*igh* coimhceangail & aipithi innti. Min **fenegrecum** & buigen *uighe* c*ir*ce da cur mar ceirin arna n*eascoid*ibh & foirid iat & madh ailt an n*eascoid* da brisidh g*abh* **fenigrecum** & ola coitceann & **terpentina** cumusctar & curtar arin n*eascoid* & brisid gac uile n*eascoid* re lo con aithi. Et mad ailt cruas na s*eilge* da cur ar cul g*abh* **fenegre*cum*** & b*eir*b maille re hola & re fin & a cur mar ceirin arin seilg & foirigh teinneas & {ms folio 77b3} cruas na s*eilge*. Item, min **finegrecum** maille re huisce mbog da cur 'na ceirin arin gaili & foirigh teinneas in gaili & na n-innead.


128. **Fragaria**: .i. **lus na sum tal*man***; f*uar* tir*im* ata in luibh so & is mor fodnus da crectaib na scaman & na heasl*ainte* re n-abur **tisis** .i. g*abh* pre*m* **madra** & prem niamnaiti & lus na sum t*alman* & prema cru*aiche* pa*draig* co mor {ms folio 78a1} d*a* g*ach* n*i* bristear na l*uibhe* so & dentar praiseac dib & tobuir ar fin bog da ol & cneasaig*id* cr*eacht*a na scaman & foir*id* **flux** bronn. Item, g*abh* an l*uibh* so & lus na fraec*og* & prema na tri ndrisighi & **cailimint** & **madra** .i. a pre*m* & prema cartlainn[30](javascript:footNote('G600005/note030.html'))
[31](javascript:footNote('G600005/note031.html'))


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curraig & puliol montana & prema murdroigin & an *cuig*idach comtrom d*a* g*ach* n*i* b*ear*btar ar braitlis & glantar le mil & le g*eal*an *uighe* & coiscid gach uili **flux** bronn no **daergal*air*** na mban mar adubrumar.


129. **Fraximus**: .i. in **fuinnseoc**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & is mor coiscis an **flux** tic a haitli purgaidi. Croicinn an croinn c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce fertana & fer na heasl*ainte* da cur ann co nuic a imlinn & foirid **disinteria** & **lienteria**. An croicinn c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar leamnacht & foirigh na heasl*ainte* c*et*na. A brisid & a b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a cur ar bel an gaili & coisc*id* an sceatruc. Premhrusc an crainn c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & coisc*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* {ms folio 78a2} noc tic o fuar*aideacht*. An premrusc c*et*na & clamhan lin & mil goibrin & folmuig*id* sin linn dub on tseilg.


130. **Farina ordi**: .i. **eorna *no* min** & is f*uar* sa c*et* ceim & tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & ata br*igh* fritbuailteac innti & as tarbach chum na n*eascoid* t*easaide* re n-abur **carbuncalus** & **eirisipialas** .i. gab **min eorna** & duill*ebar* **sidubail** & **crasola .i. toirpin** & sugh noinin bristear na l*uibhe* so & curtar g*eal*an *uighe* c*irce* tritu & curtar 'na ceirin arna n*eascoid*ibh ana tosac & fritbuail*id* an t-adbar ger. Adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurab mor fodnus an eorna cum an l*eigis* .i. a caith & a haran & a min oir ata br*igh* glantac oslaigteac innti gurab uime sin is imcub*aidh* hi an aig*id* gac uili


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easl*ainte* na n-ae & an tan cumusctar i maille re l*eiges*aibh t*easaide* *no* f*uar* oibr*ighidh* innta araen oir ata br*igh* socaidhti innti cebe ni le cumusctar hi. Do-nitear deoch dhi don lucht ara mbi easl*ainte* na mball spiradalta & na f*iabras* nger is imcub*aidh* i mar biadh an easl*ainte* na mball spirud*alta* .i. liti mhine eorna maille re him mi {ms folio 78a3} Mhai oir aibig*id* in n*eascoid* & slanaig*id* an t-adbur & is mor oilis na baill anmanna. Da fritbual*adh* na n*eascoid* t*easaide* **min eorna** **finegra** da chur orra.


D' aipiug*adh* na n*eascoid* t*easaide* **min eorna** & mil da cur orra *no* **min eorna** & picc boc *no* **min eorna** & **terpentina** & a cur orra amhuil ceirin.


131. **Feniculus**: .i. in **feinel**; t*easaide* sa ii ceim. An l*uibh* so da brisidh & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirigh gac uile neimh & foirigh mar in c*et*na galur na n-arunn. {ms folio 78b1} An aig*id* easl*ainte* in radairc an l*uibh* so da cur a ndeoch a barr *no* a sil *no* a prema & is tarbach an l*eiges* sin. 
In l*uibh* c*et*na da brisid & a cur ar greim na con confaigh & icaidh a neimh & ni athgabann aris. Prema *no* sil na l*uibh*e c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an **fual** & foirig teinneas an gaili & coisc*idh* in sceathrac. Item, an aig*id* gac uili aitt tic o fuar*aideacht* o tuitim *no* o bualadh ceirin don l*uibh* so maille re bl*onaig* m*uice* da cur air & icaidh he. Sil na l*uibhe* so da buain a tosac fodmuir & bigh a br*igh* ann da bl*iadhain*. Prema na l*uibhe* so da buain a tosac an erraigh


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& bidh br*igh* isna premuib sin leath-bl*iadhain*. Croicinn na prem c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a tobairt da ol osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. An t-uisce c*et*na da tobairt an aig*id* tinnis an gaili do-nitear o gaetmuireacht & furtachtaig*id* Item, tri ℈ do p*udur* asola da tobairt maille re sugh **feineil** & foirigh Leucafleadhmansia. Item, sugh **feineil** da cur a soiteac uma {ms folio 78b2} re v laeib dh*eag* & cuir mar foib*ert* fona suilibh & scail*idh* finn ceo.


132. **Feniculus porsinas**: .i. **feinel na muc** .i. **an maelan muilithi**; t*easaide* sa ii c*eim* & tir*im* sa iii ceim. A ol ar uisce & foiridh antracx & is bren an l*uibh* so am*ail* adeir an proeirb so: ‘Petit amurisga red*o*let similiter camom*ill*a’ .i. mar beiris an camam*illa* tigernas ar deaghbal*adh* is mar sin beiris an luibh so tigernus ar drochbalad.


133. **Fenementum**: .i. **laibin** & da plur cr*uithneacht*a do-nitear e & d'uisce & da tsalann ata br*igh* cnaidhteac attairngteac na l*eann*ann ann. A chumasc maille re him *no* maille re hola & foirigh na n*eascoid*e & brisidh iat co deimin.




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134. **Fel**: .i. **in dombl*as* ae** gach uili ainmighe; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iiii c*eim*. **Dombl*as* ae** bo *no* tairbh {ms folio 78b3} da cur 'na ceirin arin **tenig diadh** & foirigh. Domblas ae bocaidi da cur isna cn*eadh*aibh & scrisaig an ainmfeoil gan fuireach & coimhedaig iat ar **spasmus** an aimsir fuair. Dombl*as* ae b*ocaidi* da coimilt don gne don luibri re n-abar elifansia & foi*igh* hi & is tarbac dombl*as* ae na n-en do comfurtacht an radairc & co hairiti dombl*as* ae na na n-en beris a cuid ar eigin mar atait seabaic & a cosmuili. Dombl*as* ae tairb da coimilt dona huirgib & foirig errnia amuil adeir **Au*icenn*a**.


135. **Filipindula**: t*easaide* tir*im* sa treas ceim & a premha is mo fodnus cum an l*eigis* & an inadhaib cruaighe sleibtighi fasus & bidh a br*igh* ~~as~~ ana preimh x mbl*iadhna* re taiscidh & a tinol a ndeireadh fodmuir & ata br*igh* diureticach ann. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & brisid na cloca f*uail* & is tarbach an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria**


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& is tarbac a clistiribh an aig*id* **ilica** & **coil*ica***. P*udur* na l*uibhe* so maille re p*udur* sil **feinel** & a ol ar fin & foirid tinnis an gaili. P*udur* premh na l*uibhe* so d'ol ar digh & foirig **eipil*ensia*** am*ail* adeir **Diascordeis**. Et as mor fodnas an p*udur* c*et*na an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. An l*uibh* so da cur a mailin & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin f*inn* & a cur ar druim na n-ae & na s*eilge* & osluigidh a nduinte & foirid iat. P*udur* na l*uibhe* so da tabairt a ndeocaibh *no* a mbiadhaibh & as mor fodnus an aig*id* cumhgaidh na hanala. An p*udur* c*et*na do cur ar smeroidibh dearga & a deathac da g*abhail* tri feadan sa mbel & is mor fodnus an aig*id* cumgaid na hanala.


136. **Fumus terra**: .i. **fumiter**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & folmaig*id* {ms folio 79a2} na l*eann*a loisce & l*inn* f*inn* saillte & gac gne da l*inn* d*ubh* & is mor fodnus an aig*id* na luibri & gac uili brotha bhis arin croicinn. Is amhl*aidh* so da berar e .i. gab lan tri liagh da sug an **fumiter** & lan legi da mil no do siucra a cumusc & a tobairt ar c*et*l*ongadh* & coimedaigh neach on luibri & foirigh gach uili brut.


Item, leath **cart** da sug **fumiter** & an oired da meadg b*ainne* g*obair* & a ol & is mirbuileach foiris gach uili luibri & bruth & carruighi, Item, g*abh* da ʒ da p*udur* asola & a tabairt ar sugh **fumiter** & foirigh gac uili idroipis.
Item, g*abh* prema **feinel** & per*sille* & **meirsi** & sugh **fumiter** dentar **siroip** dibh mar is du & is tarbach da lucht na hidroipisi & **artetica** & **potagra**. Et ni dl*eaghar* an l*uibh*


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so da tobairt gan l*uibh*e eli maille ris ana fuil togairm an fuail oir is mor a gaetmuireacht & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt gach n-en la gan la da beit aturra. Et ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt b*eir*bfi acht omh & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurab e ur na l*uibhe* so is ferr ann & is uime aderur **fumus terra** ris .i. **fumus** an deatac & deathac na tal*man* an l*uibh* so oir as eddrom gabus an tal*am*.


137. **Fu** **ualerian**: .i. **caertann curraig**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii c*eim*. A buain a mi Mai & berig a br*igh* ann tri bl*iadhna*. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin f*inn* & foirigh an galar fuail. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirid teinneas an gaili & calm*uigid* an dileaghadh & foiridh tinneas na bronn. Item, gabh. prema na luibhe so & prema **feinel** & **maisdix** beirb ar fin & coiscidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Item, g*abh* prema na l*uibhe* c*et*na & bran cruithneachta & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobairt an aig*id* easl*ainte* an **macl*aig***. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & ar mil & ar im maille re sil **egrime** *no* **cularain** & foirig an buideacair & cruas na n-ae re n-abar **ascites**.


138. **Fugo demonum**: .i. **an bitnua**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar uisce & glanuidh an f*uil* leath astigh dona soigidibh & osluig*idh* duinte na n-ae & na s*eilge* & togairmig an **fual** & an **f*uil* m*ista*** & as tarbach


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hi an aig*id* na neime. P*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur isna cn*eadh*aibh fl*iuch*a & tirmuig*id* iat gan fuireac. An l*uibh* so d'ol ar uisce co ceann da xx la & foirig loinigha & is uime aderur **fugo demonum** ris .i. ruagaidh si na deamhuin on ti imurcas hi & bigh **buaigh uirgill** air an ti 'ga mbia ina laim mar adubrumur.


139. **F*r*uctus iuniperi**: .i. **caera in iubair craigi**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim; a tinol san errach & bidh br*igh* co ceann da bl*iadhain* ann. An toradh so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce fertana & coisc*idh* an **flux** tic a haitli purgoidi. Is mor fodnas an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria** & **ilica** & coil*ica* pasio & do-nitear ola na sul don tsil so .i. **olium iuniperi** a hainm. Comtrom ℥ da tobairt di a mbiadh *no* a ndig & foirig **quartana**. P*udur* na caer {ms folio 79b2} so & gallunach da cumusc trit a ceili & a cur risna cr*eacht*aibh & foirigh gac uili aill*si* & linnigha. P*udur* na caer c*et*na & p*udur* uma loisce trit da cur sa sroin & foir*idh* **polipus**. In torad c*et*na da cur isna gedaib & isna cabunaib ga rostad & calmaigidh an dil*eaghadh*.


140. **Ficus**: .i. **figeada**; teas*aide* fl*iuch* sa ii ceim & na seannd*aoi*ne gnath*uigh*eas iat cuirig casad a n-aigthi ar cul & bidh min. Item, na hainminti eciallaighi ceangailtear don crann ara fasaid bid ro-muinnterdha. Sugh croicinn an crainn c*et*na teachtaig an bainne cum caisi da denamh de am*uil* **binid**. Item, sugh duill*ebair* an


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crainn sin da coimilt dona huirgibh & medaig*id* an druis & adeir **Isaac** nach fuil dona huili toradh tor*adh* is mo oilis an corp naid na figeadha & adeir an fer c*et*na cebe gnath*uigh*eas na figeadha co mbid imlach & taismidtear l*eann*a n*adurth*a innta. Da mbia an gaili lan da l*eann*aib truaill*nide* medaig*id* na figeada an droch-coimpl*easc* sin & da raib gl*an* comfurtachtaidh & geinigh fuil gl*an* & glanaigh an t-ucht & na scamhain & gl*anaid* na hairni & an les ona l*eann*aibh {ms folio 79b3} reamra imdaigheas innta. Is ann dl*eaghar* a caitimh .i. a caitim maille re p*udur* **seinnseir** *no* pibur *no* almoint *no* cno frainccac. Figeada & **isoip** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & as cumachtach an aig*id* easl*ainte* an cl*eib* & na scaman. Item, fig*eada* & ros lin da b*ear*b*adh* ar ola & aipig na n*eascoid*e gan fuireach. Item, **musdard** & fig*eada* da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirigh torman na cluas & glanaigh an incinn.


141. **Fex**: .i. **na deasgaid** & adeir **Av*icenna*** idir na huili **deascaib** gurab iat {ms folio 80a1} **deascaid** an **finegra** is treisi dibh & ainnsein **deascaidh** an fina. Deascaidh an finecra da cur arin imlinn & coisc*idh* **flux** imurcac na fola misda gan fuireach.
1. Don galbanum
2. don gailingan
3. don caince coilli
4. don *s*oilisdur


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7. don clobus
8. don oirci l*ach*a
9. don gumi
10. don gilcach *sleibhi*



142. **Galbanum**: .i. sug luibhi & adeir **Platiairus** gurub gum crainn e & ata br*igh* aitairrngteach discailteach cnaidhteach aipidteac ann. iii *dragmae* de da tobairt {ms folio 80a2} an uigh buig *no* a **sisan eorna** & foirig **asma**. An gum c*et*na da cur ar smeroidibh dearga & a deatach da gabail sa sroin & foirigh **litairgia**. A deathac da ligin sa **macl*ac*** & foirid **suficasio m*atricis***. A cur fon fiacail teinn & foirigh an teinneas. **Pillule** da denam do **galbanum** & da mil & a caitim & foirigh gac uili peist gaili & inne mar adubramur.


143. **Galanga**: .i. **gailingan**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ni bi br*igh* ann acht v bl*iadhna* & as aml*aidh* is fearr e
.i. a beit trom doinn-dearg cnapanach co mbl*as* ng*er* & ata br*igh* cnaidteac comhfurtachtach discailteac ann. A cur fon sroin & comfurtacht aig*id* an br*igh* ainmighi. Item, **p*udur* **gailingain**** da tobairt maille re sugh borraiste & foirig **cardiaca** & **sinc*oipis***. An gail*ingan* da gnath*ughadh* & do-ni anal maith ag neach. Atait na neice so innann ana n-oibr*igh*ibh .i. clobus & **gailingan** & **lighnum aloeis** oir
gab*tar* gac ni dib so ar son a cele. {ms folio 80a3} Gab p*udur*


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**gailingain** & b*eir*b ar fin maille re p*udur* **quarubughe** & ainisi & a ol foirigh neimhdil*eaghadh* teinneas an gaili noch tic o gaetmuireacht.


144. **Galitr*ic*um**: .i. in **caince coilli**; t*easaide* tir*im* & ni fadur a ceim a leabhraibh & togairmigh co mor an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an f*ual* & fotragadh da denamh de on **imlican** sis. Sug na l*uibhe* so & dombl*as* ae cailigh da cur fona suilib mar foibert foirigh gach uili teimheal. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce sisain eorna & crim m*uice* f*iadh* & dubc*osach* ur & sail c*uach* & teanga enain maille ris da b*ear*b*adh* co maith & a nglanadh le mil & le g*eal*an *uighe* & foirigh ainnteas na n-ae & na scaman.


145. **Gladiolus**: .i. **in tsoilisdur**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa dara ceim. Pinginneda beca da denam da premaibh & a mb*ear*b*adh* a sugh **licoirisi** & foirig easl*ainte* na scamhan & an cosactac tic o fuar*aideacht*. P*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur a **potaistib** & innarbaidh *l*inn* d*ubh**. An p*udur* c*et*na da tobairt an aig*id* na piseog & na ndeoch neime & foirig iat & as mait an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. P*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur maille re mil isna cn*adh*aibh fl*iucha* & a feadanuib na l*inn*idhan & foirigh. P*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cumusc maille re mil & a cur isna cn*eadh*aib & coiscid a n-ainmfeoil & gl*an*aidh iat. Item, prema na l*uibhe* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & foirig gach uili



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brug*adh* da geib neach o bual*adh* *no* o tuitim*.* Item, premha na l*uibhe* c*et*na da brisidh & a sugh maille re mil do cur fona suilibh & scailigh a finna. An aig*id* salcuir & fathfaigh na haidhce ceirin da premaibh na l*uibhe* so & da premaib an **tataba ghil** & do mil da cur orra re feadh oidhce & glanaidh an aig*ed*. Sil na l*uibhe* c*et*na do {ms folio 80b2} b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an **toirrceas marb** & an **fual**. Item, prema na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur an oix*imel*aib maille re p*udur* gloiriam & ualuairt & luibeadh lac*tacha* ndiureticac eli & fodnaigh co mor da lucht na higroipisi.


146. **Gariofilus**: .i. in **clobus**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & toradh crainn e fhasas san **Innia** & a tinol sa samrad & big br*igh* vi bl*iadhna* ann & bl*as* ger as fearr air & ata br*igh* comfurtachta discailti ann & calm*uigid* an dil**eaghadh** co mor & a b*ear*b*adh* maille re fin & re **maisdix**. A mb*ear*b*adh* maille re sil **feineil** & is mor
comfurtachtaigheas an dil*eaghadh* & an gaili ona
gaethmuireacht. A gnath*ughadh* & comfurtachtaidh an
dil*eaghadh* & an incinn & an gaili & na hinni & is tarbach an aig*id* na **sing*coipisi*** & coisc*id* an sceatrach &
comfurtacht aig*id* a gnath*ughadh* & a bol*tanughadh* an incinn.
A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a cur fo sroin na mna ara mbi
**presuficasio matricis** & foirigh iat. Item, g*abh* cl*obus*, 
da tairngi dh*eag* & ʒ da **maisdix** & b*eir*b ar **uisce na roisi**


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a soith*each* {ms folio 80b3} gloine & tobair bog da ol & ic*aidh* **flux** na mbronn.


147. **Genciana**: .i. In coirce lo[*...*]; t*easaide* ttir*m* sa iii c*eim* & prema na l*uibhe* so is mo fodnus chum an l*eigis* & ata br*igh* atairrngteac discailteac chnaidteac osluicteac ann & is tarbach e an aig*id* **asma** do-nitear o fuar*aideacht* & a prema da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind an aig*id* an **asma** & foirigh e. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar **uinnemint** darab ainm {ms folio 81a1} **dialtia** & a coimilt don ucht & foirigh an cumgach cl*eibh* & a tabairt a **potaistib** *no* a mbiadhaibh & foirigh easl*ainte* na scamhan & an cl*eibh*. A tobairt maille re sug minntais & foirigh **eipil*ensi*a** & a tobairt mar an c*et*na foirigh greim na con confuigh & gac neimh. A tobairt maille re sugh **artameisia** & togairmigh an **fual** & an fuil m*ista* & an toirrcis marb & an slanug*ad*.


148. **Gumi**: .i. **gum** & in tan aderur gum a focal coitceann is don gum araibhi is coir a thuicsin & ata **gumi araibi** teas*aide* fl*iuch* sa c*et* ceim & atait tri gn*eithi* air .i. alba .i. gum g*eal* & sitrina .i. gum buighi & rufa .i. gum ruadh & ise an gum g*eal* as fearr ann & ata br*igh* lac*tach* co min ailginach innti & is inann **gum araibi** & **gum sarasenica** .i. **gum na S*arr*isdinach**. Item, an gum so & p*udur* **caineil** & minntais & ceir ur do chumasc trit a ceili & a cur ar bel an ghaili & coisc*id* gach sceatrach. A tobairt maille re h-**uisce na roisi** & coiscidh **disinteria**.


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p.178


**Gum araibi** & fuil dregain & **uisce na roisi**{ms folio 81a2} da tobairt & coisc*idh* an **f*uil* m*ista***. An l*uibh* c*et*na da cur a poll*aibh* na srona *np* a ceirinaibh umna hairgibh & coiscidh **flux fola na srona**.


149. **Gitt**: .i. an **cogul**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa dara c*eim* & l*uibh* noc fasas idir an cruitneacht & a sil & as mor fodhnus cum an l*eigis* & ata br*igh* diureticac cnaidteac discailteac ann & as mor fodnus an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & **stranguria** & **disuria** & **ilica** & **coilica** & teinneas beil an gaili & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & a cur *a* **potaistibh** *no* a mbiadhaibh eli. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na & coinneall muire da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & tu*m*tar cadas ann & curtar sa **timtireacht** & coiscidh **flux** emaroigideis.


Item, g*abh* p*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na & cumusctar maille re mil & marbaid gac uili p*eist* bis a ngaili & a n-innib. Ceirin don p*udur* c*et*na & do sugh uormoi*n*t & a cur arin **imlican** & ma*r*b*aid* gach uili p*eist* bis a n-innib. Item, p*udur* cogail & sug cornain caisil da cur bog isna cluasaibh & furtachtaig*id* iat.




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p.179


150. **Genestula**: .i. **in gilcach slebhe**; f*uar* tir*im* & ata br*igh* **stipeca** ann & as mor fodnus an aig*id*h **flux** na f*ola* m*ista* fotragad da denamh don l*uibh* so ar uisce & a deatach da ligin fon **macl*ac***. P*udur* da denam do sil an gilcaidh & a cumasc maille re sug cru*aiche* p*adraig* & a tobairt am*ail* **pisairium** & coiscidh **flux** na f*ola* m*ista*. Urbruit da denamh da sil na l*uibhe* c*et*na& a deatac do ligin fon c*orp* & coisc*id* **disinteria**.
1. Don tene tal*man*
2. don tsoibirgin
3. don flig
4. don rinnruisc.



151. **Hermodactuli**: .i. an **tene talmun**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim*. A prema da thinol sa samradh & a tirmug*adh* & big br*igh* bl*iadhain* innti & ata br*igh* cnaighteac discailteac aittairngteac innti & is purgoid dilis da l*inn* f*inn* hi & as tarbac an aig*id* **artetica** & **potagra** **sireagra** & **coil*ica*** & **ilica** & an aig*id* gac uili easl*ainte* tic o l*inn* finn & is leis geraidtear na purgaidi so am*ail* ata **iaralagadion** & **teotoricon anacardinum** & a cosm*uil*e. Item, g*abh* sug **feineil** & mil & b*eir*b co maith & cuir p*udur* hermodactuili ann & tabair ʒ de gach lae & foirigh



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p.180


**artetica** & **potagra** & **sireagra** gan amurus. Item, p*udur* hermodactuili & gallunach & tumtar **ga copa** ann {ms folio 81b2} & curtar a feadanuib na linnigan. P*udur* hermodactuili & urna loisce a cumusc maille re sug **feineil** no **ruibhi** & a cur sa sroin & foirigh polipus.


152. **Herba Sangti Petri**: .i. an **soibirgin**; t*easaide* tir*im* & as mor fodhnus an aig*id* na **pairilisi** .i. g*abh* prema **soibirgin** & tene talm*an* & barr sabrae & **cailimint** & premha **eigrime** & **ragaim** & eillinne & aibill uisce co mor d*a* g*ach* n*i* & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar bl*onaig* cabuin & ar usca cait *no* sinnaigh & faisctear tri etac lin & curtar an ola an camamilla ann & ola do-nitear da bl*ath* an truim ann & curtar ℥ d'oilium lauirinam innti & curtar a soiteac & coimiltear don cul an cinn & do bunait na feitheadh & foirigh an pairilis. Gab an l*uibh* c*et*na & bris co mait & cuir bainne cic mna oileas ingean trita & faisctear tri edach lin & curtar en bainne de a ngach leat sroin & folm*uighidh* l*inn* f*inn* on incinn. Gab duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* so & {ms folio 81b3} mongach measc & lu*bhaiste* & finel dearg & camam*illa* & comann gall urdail d*a* g*ach* n*i* b*ear*btar ar uisce & dentar urbruit fon ceann de & foir*igh* fuar*aideacht* an cinn & **emagrania**.


153. **Hipia mador**: **in flidh**; t*easaide* fl*iuch* & ata br*igh* boctha osluicteach choisce tinneasa ann. Gab an l*uibh* so & b*eir*b ar uisce & faisc co maith da eis & bris maille re


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p.181



bl*onaig* m*uice* & re him & curtar 'na ceirin fon mball ina mbia teinneas & coisc*idh* gac uili teinneas. Item, b*eir*b an l*uibh* c*et*na ara sugh fein & curtar te arin imlinn & coisc*idh* gontach na bronn. Item, sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na {ms folio 82a1} maille re **sug nonin** & bainne cich & **plur mine eorna** & cumusctar trit a ceili & curtar umna hairgibh & coiscidh a teasbach & a teinnis & togairmigh an codladh. Item, tirm*uigh* moran don l*uibh* so & dena luait de & dein folc*adh* don **luaith** sin & coisc*idh* an leithi. Item, g*abh* sugh fleadha & **p*udur* cumin** & min coirce & b*eir*b na neichi so co maith & curtar bl*onaig* m*uice* *no* im gan sal*ann* trit & cuir mar ceirin arna cn*eadh*aibh & arna ballaibh eli & foirigh an teinnis.


154. **Hipia minor**: .i. **an rinn ruissc**; t*easaide* fl*iuch* mar an c*et*na & is mor fodhnus uisce na l*uibhe* so do gerug*adh* an radairc .i. g*abh* barr na l*uibhe* so & caince achaig & **ros dearg** & **feinel** dearg & duill*ebar* **ruibhi** & duill*ebar* **selidonia** bristear & b*ear*btar *no* beantar a sugh asta & curtar bainne cich *no* fin tritu & a cur fona suilibh & geraigh an **radharc** & gl*anaigh* an fabra. Item, g*abh* sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na & cuir p*udur* copurruis air & cuir fona suilibh {ms folio 82a2} & foirigh cailitin & teimeal na s*ul* & a ndeargadus & a teinneas & a tochas. Item, g*abh* an l*uibh* c*et*na & **maetain ferdrisi** & bristear co min & cuir b*uighean* *uighe* & becan croich trit & foirigh dearg*ad*as & teinneas na sul & a cur mar ceirin umpa. Item, bl*ath* na l*uibhe*


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p.182



c*et*na & bl*ath* an **rosa deirg** bristear & cumusctar maille re g*ealan* *uighe* & curtar 'na ceirin umna fabraighibh & foirigh mar an c*et*na.
1. Don **isoip**
2. do lus na meacon
3. don teinagal
4. don gloiriam
5. don bilur muiri.



155. **Isopus**: .i. **isoip**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & as mor fodhnus an aig*id* na **cosachtaighi** thic o fuar*aideacht* & gairbhi an gotha & na **tisisi**. Item, **isoip** & figeada tirma & mil da b*ear*b*adh* trit a ceili & a ol & foiridh gac uili easl*ainte* cleib. Item, p*udur* **isoipi** da b*ear*b*adh* ar mil no go {ms folio 82a3} mbia tiugh & lan leighi d'ol de gac lae & foirigh gac uili easl*ainte* cl*eibh*. Item, **isoip** & **gaill bil*ur*** da b*ear*b*adh* ar **oiximul** & innarbaig l*inn* fi*nn* rigin & foir*idh* gaethmuireacht na n-inneadh. Isoip da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & bolgam do congmhail sa bel de & foirigh teinnis na fiac*al*. **Isoip** da loscadh & a deathac da licin sa cl*uais* & foirigh easl*ainte* na cl*uas*. **Isoip** da brisidh & a b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce maille re h-**ainis** & a cur 'na ceirin um an mball bis gorm o bual*adh* & da-beir dath maith air. An l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh & a coimilt ar uisce mbo~~o~~g & a tobairt te don mnai re n-ignaib & beraigh leanamh gan fuireach & ata br*igh* glantac aittairngteach {ms folio 82b1}


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p.183



cnaidhteac discailteach innti da r*eir* **Av*icenna*** & adeir **Av*icenna*** gurab 'na bl*ath* & 'na duill*ebar* is mo ata br*igh* na l*uibhe* so & nach 'na preimh na 'na luirgnibh am*uil* adubrumur.


156. **Ipoquisdidos**: .i. **lus na meacan**; f*uar* tir*im* annsa ii c*eim*. A premha da tinol san earr*ach* & a tirmug*adh* & bigh br*igh* co ceann da bliadain ann & ata br*igh* **sdipecta** coirtithi ann & as mor fodhnus an aig*id* **flux** coil*erdha* na bronn do-nitear o anmainne na br*igh* fostoiti & a cumusc maille re h-**uisce na roisi**. P*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cumasc maille re sugh cru*aiche* p*adraig* & a cur 'na ceirin umna hairnibh & um an **imlican** & coisc*idh* **flux** na bronn. An ceirin c*et*na da cur ar bel an gaili & co*i*scigh an sceatrach. **Pisairium** da denamh don l*uibh* so & a thuma a sugh c*ruaiche* p*adraig* & a cur mar as du & coiscigh **flux** na **fola mista**.


157. **Iouis barba**: .i. in **teineagul**; f*uar* sa iii c*eim* & tir*im*, sa ii c*eim* & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gac ni chum a {ms folio 82b2} fodhnann an bo-samadh co fodnunn an l*uibh* so cuige. Sug na l*uibhe* so da cur bog sa cl*uais* & foirigh an buidhri.


Gab leath chart da sugh an **teineagail** & a urdail da sugh samaidh & leath cart **finegra** a cumusc trit a ceili & gab p*udur* gloiriam & f*ineil* & **persilli** & crim m*uice* f*iadh* & d*ubhcosach* & **pre*m* ragmainn** b*ear*btar co maith *no* go ndeacha an iiii cuit fai & glantar le mil & le g*ealan* *uighe* &


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p.184



taisctear a soiteach sdain & eabar mar gac n-**oiximal** & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & na n-arunn.[32](javascript:footNote('G600005/note032.html'))


158. **Iris**: .i. in **gloiriam** & atait tri hanmhanna air .i. **iris** .i. bl*ath* mar corcair bhis air; **irios** .i. bl*ath* g*eal* bis air; **gladiolas** .i. bl*ath* croca bis air; & ata an l*uibh* so t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii c*eim*. A premha do tinol a ndeiread an earr*aigh* & bid br*igh* ii bl*iadhain* ann & ata br*igh* lac*tach* diureticach ann & oslaigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & na n-arann & an lesa. Is mor fodhnus an aig*id* urcoidi{ms folio 82b3} na mball spiradalta & teinis an gaili an tan tic o gaethmuireacht. A p*udur* da cur isna cn*eadh*aibh & coiscigh a n-ainmfeoil & gl*anaidh* iat. Foib*ert* do denamh d'**uisce na roisi** & do p*udur* gloiriam & glanaig bratt & finn sul. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & as tarbach an deoc so an aig*id* gomorria & ata folmug*ad* {ms folio 83a1} l*eanna* ruaigh innti & p*udur* na l*uibhe* so da chur isna cn*eadh*aib fl*iuch*a & foirigh an linnigha & is tarbach an aig*id* **sietica** & **potagra**.


159. **Ipofilia**: .i. in **bilur muire** & is luib t*easaide* tir*im* hi & is mor fodnus ceirin na luibe so an aig*id* tinnis & do cosc neimhe. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar **eanbruithi** caerach & a tobairt am*ail* digh dona hechaibh & foirigh an sil*eadh* srona. Et fodnuigh an **uinnemintibh** & a ceirinaibh boctha da chose neimhe.


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p.185


1. Don bainne
2. do **lactuca**
3. don **laudanum**
4. don corrcopoig
5. do **lapis lasuili**
6. don maidnes
7. don t-**slanlus**
{ms folio 83a2}
9. don **lauriola**
10. don ros lacan
11. don lu*b*haitsi
12. don mil m*uidhe*
13. don **lapis agap*idis***
14. don lisum
15. don lilum
16. don teng*a* enain
17. don sl*aidhteach* airgid
18. don licoir*is*
19. don chopoic
20. don ogradh.



160. **Lacc**: .i. don **bainne** & ar tus da baine na ngobar noch ata measurdha ina cail. Bainne na caerach noch ata reamur {ms folio 83a3}meth. Bainne na mbo ata ni*s* seimhe & nis meithe. Et ni fuil dona bainnibh b*ainne* is fearr na b*ainne* na ngobhur & is amlaidh is fearr e & gach uili b*ainne* mar ticfas asin uth & as mor fodhnus an bainne do



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p.186



lucht an coimpl*easc*a t*irime* acht muna bia l*inn* sa gaili an tan sin. Is mor urcoidigeas an bainne don luct aga mbid neascoidi co foirimill*each* *no* co hinmedonac & is mor urcoidigheas da lucht na ceann teinn & da gach uili easl*ainte* tic o l*inn* finn & as olc don luct ara mbid cn*eadha* & do lucht na hincinne teinne an b*ainne* oir dorcaig*id* an **radarc**. Et as mait an easl*ainte* na sul b*ainne* cich do bleagan fuiti oir coisc*idh* se a teasbac & furtachtaig*id* iat. Bainne mar bligtear e da b*ear*b*adh* le cloith *no* le hiarand & furtachtaig*id* **flux** na bronn. An bainne da mbeantar a im as mor fognus an aig*id* **flux** l*eann*a ruaigh & da lucht na **tisisi** am*ail* adeir **Av*icenna***.


161. **Lactuca**: .i. leigeas [33](javascript:footNote('G600005/note033.html')); f*uar* fl*iuch* {ms folio 83a4} sa ii c*eim* & a brisidh & a cur 'na ceirin arna ball*aibh* a mbia imurcraig teasbaidh & furtact*acht*aig*id* e. A cur maille re g*eal*an *uighe* 'na ceirin uman edan & togairmigh an codl*adh* isna f*iabhrasaibh* gera & as inann br*igh* & oibriug*adh* di & don portul*aca*. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** an l*uibh* so da beith {ms folio 83b1} measardha & adeir gurab fuaire a sil na si fein & as mor fodhnus an l*uibh* so mar biadh da lucht na f*iabhras* & a sil mar l*eiges* & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** a hughdaras na n-uili ughdar go roib i an l*uibh* so as measurdha dona huili luibh*ibh* oir geinigh fuil mait & medaig*id* an b*ainne* cich & in sil*ne* & is biadh imcub*aidh* da lucht l*eann*a r*uaigh*. Et as imcub*aidh* i da gach uili coimpl*easc* t*easaide* om *no* b*eir*bfi. A b*ear*b*adh*


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p.187



ar **finegra** & siucra da cur trit & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Sil na l*uibhe* so do brisidh & g*ealan* *uighe* trit & a cur 'na ceirin arna hairgibh & togairmig an codl*adh*. An l*uibh* so da coimilt da b*allain* na cich & a tabairt a mbel an leinim & togairmigh an codlad. Item, adeir **M*acer*** ceir & an l*uibh* so da chaitim maille re **finegra** & comfurtachtaig*id* an gaili & lagaidh an bru & da caitear i co gnatac dorcaig*id* an **radarc**. A b*ear*b*adh* ar uisci & an t-uisci do tobairt da ol da lucht na f*iabras* & togairmigh an codladh. A cur maille re hola 'na ceirin risna n*eascoid*ib & fritbuailig iat & is uime aderar **lactuca** {ms folio 83b2}[34](javascript:footNote('G600005/note034.html')) ris .i. lac an bainne oir b*ainne* g*eal* bis innti mar adubrumuir.


162. **Laudanum**: t*easaide* fl*iuch* e sa c*et* ceim & as aml*aidh* is fearr e .i. a beith glan deaghbal*aidh* brisc solus & ata br*igh* fastoiteac comfuertachtach discail*teac* ann. Aderaid na heolaidh gurab gum crainn e & aderaid drong eli gurob ni fasas a coimedacht luibi sa dom*an* mor e. P*udur* da denamh de & a cur a poll*aibh* na srona & foirigh in creatan & folm*uigid* an rema. A cumusc maille re **maisdix** & a cur fona fiacl*aibh* & daingnidh iat. A cur ar smeroidib dearga & a deatach da ligin fon **macl*ac*** & gl*anaidh* e & do-beir an **f*uil* m*ista***. **Pisairium** da denam de & a cur sa **macl*ac*** & gl*anaidh* & foirigh **presuficacio matrisis**. V **pillaili** da denamh do **laudanum** & a tobairt a haitili na codach & furtachtaigidh an dileadhadh.




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163. **Lapasium acutum**: .i. an **corrcopog**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim*. A cur 'na ceirin arin ngaili & coisc*idh* a teinneas & a gaetmuireacht. A b*ear*b*adh* ar leamnacht & ar feoil m*uice* am*ail* **pot*aitse*** & foirigh an **flux bronn** tic o fuar*aideacht*. Urbruith do denamh don l*uibh* c*et*na ar uisce & foirig an carraighe & gach uili bruth bis ar in croicinn. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & bolgam do congmail sa bel & foirigh teinneas ~~na teinneas~~ na fiac*al* & ramadus an tsine heaain. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin {ms folio 84a1} arsaigh *no* ar leamhnacht bo & a ol & foirig tinnis an ghaile & na s*eilge* & na n-inneadh & **flux disinteria**. A premha da b*ear*b*adh* ar bl*onaig* m*uice* & foirigh gach uili att tic o fua*raideacht*. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & brisidh na cloca f*uail* & da-beir an f*uil* mh*ista*. Sudh na l*uibhe* so maille re h-**ola na cno francach** & pic & ceir nua da cur trite & foirig gach uili carraighe. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar ola & gallunach da cur triti & foirigh gac uili carr*aighe*. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar bl*onaig* m*uice* & aibigh & brisidh na n*eascoideadh* & beirbtear an l*uibh* c*et*na ar ola & curtar ceir innti & coimiltear am*ail* **uinneminntibh** don tseilg & foir*igh* duinti na s**seilge**. P*udur* na l*uibhe* so & p*udur* asola da b*ear*b*adh* ar mil & foirigh idroipis ~~t~~ re n-abur **leucaf*leadh*m*ansia***. Sug na l*uibhe* c*et*na da caitim maille re mil & marb*aidh* peiste na n-inneadh. An sug *cet*na maille re sug ruibi da cur sa sroin & gl*anaidh* an


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incinn o imurcaigh l*eann*a f*inn*. Pinginne beca da denamh da premhaibh & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar leamnacht & foirigh **asma**.




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164. **Lapis lasuili**: .i. cloch noch ata {ms folio 84a2} f*uar* tir*im* sa c*et* c*eim* & folm*uigid* l*inn* d*ubh* co hoir*eda* ono truime & is mor fodnus an aig*id* na sinc*oipisi* do-nitear o l*inn* d*ubh* & is aml*aidh* dl*eaghar* a tobairt arna cumasc maille re teotoiricon & rena h-anacairdi & not leat gurab don cloit so do-nitear an asuir gorm. Sil **feinel** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & p*udur* na cloithi so da cur trit & foirig gach uili galar seilgi am*ail* adubrumar.


165. **Lapis magnetis**: .i. cloch; t*easaide* tir*im*, sa iii c*eim* & as uime aderar maighneis ria oir is inann madhneiti isin G*reigis* & fuil asin Gaedilg oir coisc*id* gach uile f*uil*. An cloc so do coimilt ar cloit lia & sug losa an sbarain aturra & eang lin da tuma ann & a cur re tilgin na fola & coisc*id* gach uili fuil. Ise ruidleas dilis na cloice so gach uili f*uil* da cosc & ata br*igh* atairrngteac innti da r*eir* **Alaxanndair** & a traig **Mara Toirrian** da gabur e & gac uili long *no* eatur siblaidus {ms folio 84a3} an muir so ana mbid tairrngeada iaraind tairngid so cuca iat & baidtear iat. P*udur* na cloithi so maille re sug fineil da tobairt & foirig an igroipis.


166. **Lansiolata**: .i. **in slanlus**; f*uar* tir*im* & as inann br*igh* & oibr*iughadh* do & don cruait pa*draig*. A cur a
cr*eacht*aibh na linnidhan & foirigh. An sug c*et*na da cur


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ar **tene diadh** & foirigh. Ceirin do*n* l*uibh* c*et*na & da **bl*onaig* muice** da cur arna{ms folio 84b1} haltaibh teas*aide* & foirig iat. Sudh na l*uibhe* so d'ol roimh aix*is* f*iabrasa* **quartana** & foirigh. An sug c*et*na d'ol ar uisce do mnai gan slanug*ad* & slanaidtear gan fuireach. Sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na maille re **finegra** do coimilt dona cuisl*eann*aib[35](javascript:footNote('G600005/note035.html')) tar eis sibuil & coisg*id* an tuirsi. Sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na da tobairt ar fin *no* ar lind & foirigh cn*eadh*a an lesa. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & an t-uisce da cur ar loscadh teineadh *no* uisce & foirig gan fuireach. Gab **sug slanlosa** & cainci acaid & sugh cru*aiche* p*adraig* & buras maeth & becan **ailimi** & g*ealan* *uighe*, cumuisc & cuir sa cr*eacht* & foirig linniga & aillsi.


167. **Lauriola**: .i. crand; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iiii c*eim* & folmaig*id* co foireigneach & as risan toradh bis arin crann c*et*na aderar **conidium** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* mar an c*et*na & atait craeba & duill*ebar* & sil an croinn so umhal chum an l*eigis* & folm*uigid* l*inn* f*inn* co hoir*eda* & l*eann*a {ms folio 84b2} righin ona ball*aibh* foirimill*eacha* am*ail* atait na hailt & na cosa & an ceann cona cosm*ail*ibh. Et folmaig*id* l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste* gurab uime sin is imcub*aidh* e da luct **sietica** & **apoplesia** & **eipil*ensia*** & **pairilis** & **arteitica** & **potagra** & **sireagra** & dona huili easl*ainte* fleadhmhica & folm*aigid* l*inn* r*uagh* min*adurtha* am*ail* ata **coil*era* citrina** & **uitilina** & curtar an **lauriola** a l*eigeasaibh* comsuig*igte* am*ail* atait **oiximail** & a cosm*ail*e oir ni dl*eaghar* a


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tabairt an*a* haenur oir ata scris na n-inneadh innti & dl*eaghar* a cumasc maille re **gum araibi** & le **bolus armenicus** & ni dl*eaghar* a tabairt acht don lucht aga mbid inne reamur & ~~&~~ is docur da cur chum innruma & is da sugh duill*ebair* an crainn so do-nitear **oilium laurinum**.


168. **Lenticula acatica**: .i. **ros l*achan***: is f*uar* e & ni fadar a c*eim* & ata br*igh* coisce neimhe & fritbuailti sa l*uibh* so & is mor fodnus an aig*id* na n*eascoid* teas*aide* am*ail* ata **quarbunculus**{ms folio 84b3} & **eirisipiala** .i. g*abh* **ros lacan** & barr **sidubail** & **teneagal** & g*ealan* *uighe* c*ir*ci & cumuisctear & curtar umna n*eascoid*ibh & fritbuail*idh* an t-ainnteas & bocaig an t-adbar cruagh. Gab **ros l*achan*** & duill*ebar* caince achaigh & barr uiola & duill*ebar* eacseamrach & maetan drisi co mor d*a* g*ach* n*i* bristear & curtar bainne cic trit & curthar mar foib*ert* fona suilibh & glanaigh an d*ear*c & tirm*uigid* in ro-fabra.


169. **Leuisticus**: .i. in **lu*bhaitse*** t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii {ms folio 85a1} ceim & ata br*igh* diureticach osluigteac ann & seimhidteac. A preim & a sil is mo fodhnus chum an l*eigis*. Ceirin don l*uibh* so da cur ar bel an gaili & coisgidh a teinneas & a fuar*aideacht*. P*udur* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an f*ual* & foirigh an l*uibh* so greim na con confaigh & a cur 'na ceirin risin cr*eacht*. A brisidh maille re heitneadhaibh na cno nGaeidhilach & a cur sa cn*eadh* & foirigh gach uili


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neimh & g*abh* barr lub*aitse* & elisdroint & **meirsi** & **feineil** deirg & liat-neanntog & camam*illa* b*eir*b ar uisce milis am*ail* fotragadh & tobair co mor da lucht na pairil*ise* & do lucht 'ga mbid imurcaca idir feoil & leathar & bigh a br*igh* iiii bl*iadhna* innti. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Sil na l*uibhe* so da caitim maille re p*udur* **caineil** & comfortachtaidh an dil*eaghadh* & a tabairt a mbiadaib & a sabsaib & a n-**eanbruithib** da caitheamh.


170. **Lepus**: .i. **in mil muidhe**; f*uar* tir*im*, da r*eir* nadura. A fuil da cur fona s*uilibh* & gl*anaidh* finn & brat {ms folio 85a2} na sul. A cenn da loscad p*udur* da denam dhe & a cur maille re holaidh uman cenn & fasaidh a finnfadh. Cenn an mil da loscadh & a caitim & foirig crit na mball & furtachtaig*id* an pairil*is*. Incinn mil m*uidhe* da rostad *&* da coimilt dan carbad na leanam & fasaid a fiacl*a* gan teinneas. A fuil da chaitim da lucht **disinteria** & foirig iat & foir*igh* n*eascoid*e na n-innead. **Binid** m*il* m*uidhe* da caitim an iii la a ndiaigh na **fola mista** & ticemaigh an **toirrceas** gan fuireach. P*udur* da denamh d'fuil an m*il* m*uidhe* a crocan criad & p*udur* a croicinn arna loscadh da chumusc ar fin finn & brisidh na cloca fuail gemudh arrsaigh iat.


171. **Lapis agapidis**: .i. cloch; f*uar* tir*im*. Et tairrngidh gach uili iarann asna cn*eadh*aibh &
a cumasc maille re


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**hapostolicon**. P*udur* na cloithi so da cumasc maille re sug copoigi & a cur isna cn*eadh*aibh & cneasaigh & gl*anaidh* iat. Comtrom da ℥ da pud*ur* na cloithi so da tobairt maille re sugh **feinel** & foirig an igroipis{ms folio 85a3}& an pairil*is* & adeir **Raisis** p*udur* na cl*oithi* so da tobairt maille re **diatuirbid** & re hagairc & p*udur* **lapis l*asuili*** & a cumasc maille re sugh **feinel** & **ruibhe** & folm*uigid* l*inn* f*inn* co hoir*eda* & l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste* & is mor scribthar buada na cloithi so an antitair **Av*icenna***.


172. **Lisium**: .i. gum craind; t*easaide* sa c*et* ceim & tirim sa ii ceim am*ail* adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** & aderaid na doctuiri eli gurab sugh l*uibhe* fasas sa tal*amh* oirrcerach. A tirmug*ad* a tosac an tsamraigh & bid br*igh* da bl*iadhain* ann & aderar oculus lucrisi ria .i. gl*anaidh* si na suili ona tem*eal* {ms folio 85b1} & da-b*eir* soillsi innta & ata br*igh* glantac innarbtac ann. P*udur* an **licium** maille re h-**uisce roisicdha** da cur fona suilib & gl*anaidh* iat & athnuaig*id* an **radarc**. P*udur* an **licium** maille re h-**uisce na roisi** da coimilt da cr*eacht*aibh an beil & foirigh iat gan fuireach. An p*udur* c*et*na maille re *blonaig* m*uice* da cur sa **timtireacht** am*ail* ~~p~~ pisairium & lagaid gan guasact. **Pisairium** da denamh da saill m*uice* & p*udur* **licium** da croth*adh* air & a cur sa **macl*ac***, & gl*anaidh* e & da-beir an **f*uil* m*ista*** P*udur* **licium** & p*udur* serusa da cumasc maille re g*ealan* *uighe* & a cur fon aig*id* & glanuig ona salcar hi.




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173. **Lilium**: .i. **in lilidh**; teas*aide* fl*iuch* sa c*et* ceim. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* maille re bl*onaig* m*uice* & a cur ar losc*adh* teneadh *no* uisce & foirigh gan fuireach. An ceirin c*et*na an aig*id* **spasmus** na feiteadh. Item, g*abh* lil*idh* & b*eir*b ar ola coitcinn *no* ar bl*onaig* m*uice* gan salann & faisc tri edach & coimil don maili & fasaigh an finnfadh gan fuireach. Premha na l*uibhe* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar midh & lagaidh an bru co hailginach.{ms folio 85b2}Item, sug
lili & an 4 cuit d'**finegra** & an iiii cuit do mil b*eir*b noco mbia tiugh & faisctear tri edac & curtar isna cn*eadh*aib & foirigh. **Sugh lili** da coimilt don corp re teinigh & cuirigh allus co lor dhe, G*abh* prema lili & b*eir*b aran **uinnemint** darub ainm **dialtea** & leagur tri edach & coimiltear da druim na n-ae & na s*eilge* & osluicidh a nduinti & a cruas.


174. **Linga auis**, **pigla**: .i. **in tenga enain**; t*easaide* fl*iuch* sa c*et* ceim & is mor a brig ur & as bec crin. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & medaig*id* an **sperma** & togairmigh an toil. Item, g*abh* sug na l*uibhe* so & cuir a comsuig*iugad* na **lictabaireadh** da comfurtacht na n-arann & an lesa am*ail* ata **benedicta** & a cosm*ail*e. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar **sisan eorna** & as mor comfurtachtaidheas luct na **tisisi**. Sud na l*uibhe* c*et*na maille re siucra & a caitim & fodn*aigh* mar an c*et*na da lucht na **tisisi** & an ainnteasa. Sug na l*uibhe* c*et*na maille re **dragantum** fodnaidh{ms folio 85b3} co mor ainnteasa na mball.




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175. **Litairgirum**: .i. **slaidteac an airgid**; f*uar* fl*iuch* co measarda & fedtar an t-ainm so da rad re slaidtec an oir & ata br*igh* coirtiteac cneasaidteac ann & fedtur an t-ainm si da rad re slaidteac an stain & ase as mo gnathaidtear cum an l*eigis* oir gl*anaidh* se na cnai*m*e ona salcur & ona mbrentas & gl*anaidh* fos an carraighi do-*n*itear o l*inn* r*uagh* *no* o l*inn* f*inn* saill*te*. P*udur* na sl*aidtea*c so da cur arna carr*agh*aibh & foir*igh* gac uili {ms folio 86a1} cairr*aighi*. An p*udur* c*et*na maille re h-**ola na roisi** da cur uman sl*ait* ferrda & foiridh a hatt & *deirgi*. Item, **litairgirum** da brisidh co min & cumaisctear maille re **finegra** *no* re huisce na heorna & coiscidh **flux disinteria**. An sl*aidteac* c*et*na da deargadh & a baghadh le **finegra** re ix cuartaibh & in **finegra** da cur mar fhoibert fona suilibh & foirigh finn & teimil na sul.


176. Licrisi: .i. **licoiris**; teas*aide* fl*iuch* sa c*et* ceim & aderuid na doctuire gurab prem crainn e & as aml*aidh* as fearr e & a beith cael rigin a ndath **croch**da & is aml*aidh* as measa e a beith g*eal* edrom so-brisdi & adeir
**Pl*aitiairius*** gurab maith e an aig*id* gach uili easl*ainte* cl*eibh* & pl*euiri*sisi & perpl*eumonia* & co hairithe uisce ara mb*ear*btar **licoiris** da tabairt da ol doib & gurab mor comhfurtachtaideas iat. Item, g*abh* **licoiris** & b*eir*b ar fin & foirigh gac uili **cosachtach**. Item, **lictabairi** da denamh da sugh lic*oirise* & do mil & comhfurtachtaig a n-easl*ainte* an cl*eibh*. Item, **licoiris** da cognam & a


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connbail fo bun na t eangad *& coisc*id* an ita & furtachtaig*id* gairbten na tenga* & na {ms folio 86a2} braigead amuil adubramar.


177. **Lapasium**: .i. **in copog**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & atait tri gneiti uirre .i. **lapasium rotunndam** .i. **copoc cruinn** & **lapasium aqutum** .i. **copoc corr** & **lapasium ~~& l~~ domisdicum** .i. **copoc coitceann**. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** co fuil br*igh* discailteach seimhidteac osluicteac innta. Sug na c*opoige* & ola na cna francach & pic urdail d*a* g*ach* n*i* a mb*ear*b*adh* ar fin tren & p*udur* **deascadh an fina** da cur tritu & a mb*ear*b*adh* aris am*ail* **uinnemint** & foirigh gac uili gne don cairr*ighe*. Sug **c*opoige*** maille re mil & a cumasc trit a ceili & lan leighi d'ol ar c*et* longadh de & marbaidh lumbrisi .i. p*eist*e fada. Item, sug cop*oige* & sug ruibi & a cur a meid big a poll*aibh* na srona an aimsir te & gl*an*aidh an incinn o imurcaid l*eann*a f*inn*.


178. **Linga b*o*uina**: .i. **an t-odhrad**; t*easaide* sa c*et* ceim & fl*iuch* sa ii ceim da r*eir* **Au*icenna***. An l*uibh* so d'ol {ms folio 86a3} ar fin co gnatac & innarbaidh l*inn* r*uagh* loisce. An l*uibh* c*et*na d'ol ar fin & coisc*idh* an mi-cuimne. An l*uibh* c*et*na do b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foiridh an fail do-nitear o l*inn* d*ubh*. An l*uibh* c*et*na d'ol ar fin no ar lind co ceann xx la & foirigh an linniga.


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1. Do mas
2. do eachsemar
3. don manna
4. dona hubl*aibh* gra*ineacha*
5. don orufunt
6. do smir
7. d*on* masdix
8. d*on* mil
9. d*o* nemainn
10. d*on* pimentairia
11. d*on* mellicratum
12. d*on* minntus
{ms folio 86b1}
14. d*on* mercurial
15. d*on* ath*air* talm*an*
16. d*on* raidleoig
17. d*o* mirr
18. d*on* mighaidhi
19. d*on* caiserban bec
20. d*on* muscus
21. d*o* mumia
22. d*on* mandragora
23. d*on* mirbol*anum*
24. d*on*a hublaib f*iadhain*
25. d*on*s smeraib
26. d*on* *melli*
27. d*ona sceachoiribh*.





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179. **Mas**: t*easaide* tir*im* sa dara ceim & croicind {ms folio 86b2} crainn e *no* mogall na cno re n-abar mus*cata* & ase sin denamh is firinnighe air ata brigh cnaidteach comfurtachtach discailteach ann & ase dath as fearr air .i. dat fo-ruagh & bl*as* ger as fearr air & b*eir*ig a br*igh* ix mbl*iadhna* ann. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin tren & a ol & comfurtachtaigh an gaili & a congbail co fad a sa bel & glanaig an incinn. Item, mas da b*ear*b*adh* ar sug fineil noco nderna fiucadh *no* do & a urdail d'fin tren da cur trit & a sitlod co mait & foirid an igroipis f*uar* & fuar*aideacht* an gaili & an t-**asma** tic o fuar*aideacht* & innarbaidh l*inn* f*inn* rigin on cliabh & on incinn. Item, mas da brisidh co min & a urdail da masdix da cur trit & a cumasc maille re h-**ola na roisi** & ceir ur da cur ann & a cur ar bel an gaili am*ail* treta & foirig a tinis & a neimh-dil*eaghadh*. Item, p*udur* da denamh da mas & a cur ar biadh *no* ar digh & foirid **cardiaca**.


180. **Maccula trifolium**: .i. an **eachsemuir**;{ms folio 86b3}t*easaide* ti*rim* sa c*et* ceim & ata br*igh* diureticac comfurtachtach innti. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin maille rena bl*ath* &
comfurtachtaig*id* an gaili & coisc*idh* a gaetmuireacht.
Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na maille re egrim da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & osluigid duinti na n-arann & an lesa. Bl*ath* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da caitim & foirig an bren-anal*aighe* & b*eir*ig a br*igh* ann co ceann iiii mbliadhain .i. ana bl*ath* & ana sil. Sil na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur an **eanbruitibh** & a


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mbiadaibh & do-ni deagbal*aidh* dibh & comfurtachtaig*id* an gaili co cumachtach.


181. **Manna**: t*easaide* fl*iuch* co measurda & aderaid drong ann gurab sugh l*uibh*i e & aderaid drong eli gurab drucht neamhda e toiteas ar l*uibh*ib diureticaca isin tal*am* naem at abr*igh* glanta na fola ann. Manna & casia f*istula* da cumasc trina ceili & a tobairt isna f*iabras*ib gera & lagaidh co hailginac & coisc*idh* an tinneas. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** **manna** do congmail{ms folio 86b4} co fada isin bel & coisc*idh* ita & gairbi na teangadh. Item, **manna** & siucra c*aindi* & **licoiris** da cumasc trit {ms folio 87a1} a ceili & is l*eiges* imcubaigh e isna f*iabrasaib* gera & ni fuil dona huili ni milis ni is millsi na'n man*na* firi. Et aderaid na dochtuire gurab inann br*igh* & oibr*iughadh* don man*na* & don casia f*istula* & folmaig l*inn* r*uagh* co hoir*eda* & l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste* & is mor fodnus da luct an **terciana** & da luct na buideacuiri do-nitear o l*inn* r*uagh*. Coimlinaigh easbadha na br*igh*i totl*aigeach* noch tic o imdug*ad* l*eanna* r*uaigh* & o ainmeasurdacht na n-ae & confurtachtaig*id* gac uili easl*ainte* do-nitear o l*inn* r*uagh*. A tabairt ar uisce mbog & lagaid an bru & coisc*id* ainnteas leanna ruaigh.




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182. **Mala granata**: .i. **na hubla graineacha**; f*uar* tir*im* isin ii c*eim* & annsa **Sbainn** da gab*ur* iat & at abr*igh* comfurtachtach **sdipecdha** tirmteac innta & coisc*idh* gach **flux** fola fola & gac sceathrac coilerdha. Et adeir **Isac** sugh na n-uball ngr*aineach* da cur fona suilibh ara mbi an buideacuir & foiridh iat. Item, croicinn na n-uball ngr*aineach* da brisidh co min mil da cur trit {ms folio 87a2} & a cur am*ail* foibert fona suilibh & glanaidh iat. Item, sug na n-uball ngr*aineach* & siucra & **finegra** fina f*innn* cumaisctear am*ail* tsir*oip* aigeidi & a tobairt da luct na fiabrus nger & comfurtachtaig*id* iat. Item, croicinn na n-uball ngr*aineach* & a cumasc maille re sugh na cruaiti pa*draig* & a tobairt am*ail* pisairium & foiridh flux na fola m*ista*. Item, sugh na n-uball ngr*aineach* da g*ab*ail & tumtar edach lin and & curtar imon edan & umna hairgibh & coiscidh *flux* fola na srona & ainnteas na fiabrus nger.


183. **Marubium**: .i. **in t-orofont**; t*easaide* sa ii c*eim* & tir*im* sa iii ceim. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar midh maille re prem *s*oilistair & foirigh tisis & taisis noc do-nitear o adbar fuar. An l*uibh* c*et*na da coimilt ar uisce & *deoch* dhe da tobairt don mnai bis re n-ignaibh & b*eir*idh leanamh gan fuireach. An l*uibh* c*et*na maille re mil oimh da cur isna cn*eadh*aib & gl*anaidh* iat & ic*aidh* l*inn*igdha. {ms folio 87a3} An l*uibh* c*et*na da coimilt ar fin & a


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ol & ic*aidh* an tineas cinn do-nitear o fuar*aideacht*.
Item, foibert da denamh da sug na luibi c*et*na maille re fin & re mil & gl*anaidh* finna na sul. Item, s*ugh* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur bog san cluais & innarb*aidh* peisti na cl*uaise* & ni maith da lucht gal*air* na n-arann na'n lesa an l*uibh* so do gnath*ughadh*. An l*uibh* so do b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobairt an aig*id* **ilica** & **coilica** & foirigh iat. An luib cedna d'ol ar fin & togarmaig an slanug*ad* gan fuireac.


184. **Medulla**: .i. **in smir** & ni fuil dona huili smiraib smir as fearr na smir fiadha & smir laigh & ainnsein smir tairb & ainnsein smir gabair 'na diaig-sin smir caerach & ata gac smir dib so maille re br*igh* bocta & muna dil*eaghur* iat laidhighid an totlugh & combuaigrid an gaili & ni dl*eaghar* a caitim acht maille re pibar da r*eir* **Au*icenna*** oir da caiti da dendais fasdidium isin gultus da reir **Isac**.


185. **Masdix**: .i. gum crainn fasus annsa **G*reig***. T*easaide* tir*im* isin ii c*eim*. **Masdix** da brisidh & g*eal*an *uighe* da cur trit & a cur 'na ceirin uman edan & umna hairgibh & coisc*idh* teasbac & dearg*ad*as na sul & a ndera & coiscidh rith an adbair cucu. Item, pud*ur* **masdix** da cumasc maille re ceir bhuig & a cur 'na ceirin arin ngaili & coisc*idh* an sceatrac. Item, g*abh* sil fineil & bris co maith e & b*ear*btar ar fin maille re **maisdix** & eabar & comfurtachtaig


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an gaili ona gaetmuireacht & ona {ms folio 87b2} teinneas & ni dl*eaghar* a b*ear*b*adh* co mor & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt te.


186. **Mel**: .i. **in mil**; teas*aide* sa ced ceim & tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & atait da ghne uire .i. mil g*eal* & mil r*uagh*. An mil g*eal* uero bis isna cuirrceogaibh & an mil r*uagh* bis annsna crannaibh. An mil g*eal* uero curtar isna l*eiges*aib fuara & an mil r*uagh* isna l*eiges*aib t*easaide*. Et ata br*igh* gl*an*tac sleamnaidhteac coimedtac innti oir coimedaigh gach uili ni ana curtar hi ina br*igh* & ina na*duir* fein. A taisce om & mairig a br*igh* ii.xx bl*iadhain* indte & ata si teas*aide* diureticach & atait tri cuisi 'ma curtar cum an l*eigis* hi. An c*et* cuis dib ara beit toll*tanach* ag breith br*igh*e & cumachta an l*eigis* cum na mball. An dara hadbur a beit milis ac ceannsugad seirbi gac uili l*eigis*. An iii cuis br*igh* coimeda gac uili neith ina fol*adh* fein innti idir teas*aideacht* & fuaraideacht &
is mo fodnus {ms folio 87b3} an mil da luct an coimpl*easc*a f*uair*
na do lucht an coimpl*easc*a teas*aide* oir imdaig*id* si l*inn*
r*uagh* co mor & as mor fodnus an aig*id* na l*eann*ann fuar bis
san gaili & is amlaigh fodnus .i. dentar an deoc darub
ainm **mulsa** .i. ocht rainn d'uisce & aen rann meala oir discail*id* & innarbaigh na l*eann*a fuara ona ball*aibh*
inmedonaca. Item, mil *& dombl*as* ae tairbh do coimil*t*
don aig*id* & glanaid hi ona salcur*{ms folio 88a1} & innarbaidh coin adairce na haidhce & fodhnaig fos uisce bog & mil do coimilt don aig*id* & gl*an*aidh hi mar in c*et*na. Item, adeir


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**Pl*aitiairius*** mil & fin da cumasc trit a ceili & foirig **sinc*oipis*** & is mor fodnaid na gaeti do-nitear do mil & da sal*ann* da lucht na f*iabras* t*easaide* ara mbi **constipasion**.


187. **Margarite**: .i. i*n* **nemunn**; f*uar* tir*im* an cloch so & a sligenaibh da gabar hi & is amluidh fasas an uair a sluigeas an sligen sin gabaidh a lan don druct neamhdha[36](javascript:footNote('G600005/note036.html')) cuigi & dunaigh ana timcill & do-ni cl*och* de re n-abur a*n* **nemann**. Et an **nemann** ana mbi poll do reir a na*dura* fein asi as fearr ann & a beith a ndat g*eal* & ata br*igh* comfurtachta in cra*igh*i innti & curtar iat a **lictabairib** comhfurtachta darub ainm **diamargaireton**. Et not leat mad ailt an **nemann** da beit g*eal* tobair hi do peta coluim da hite & leag*ar* dhi ana gaili tri huair no a iiii & scoiltear {ms folio 88a2} an t-en asa haithli & bointear an cloch as & big glan solus deallraitheach da eis.


188. **Mellago**: .i. **pimentaria**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & is mor a br*igh* ur & crin & dl*eaghar* a tirmug*ad* re grein ar dus & a taisce an inad innfuar & beirigh br*igh* bl*iadhna* ann & ata br*igh* discailteac cnaidteac innti. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar l*inn* & a ol & foirig at & tinneas na bronn & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. A boltanug*ad* da cur fon sroin co minic & comfurtachtaig an incinn. A


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duill*ebar* da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a cur te arin mbaitis & coiscig silead an rema & teinnis an cinn. An l*uibh* c*et*na do cur a fotracadh & an bean da cur ann conuic a himlinn & togairmigh an fuil m*ista* co mait.


189. **Mellicratum**: .i. deoch do-nitear {ms folio 88a3} do mil & d'fin .i. da rann fina & en rann meala & as mor comfurtachtaigeas an deoc so a*n* na*duir*. **Isoip** & **saidsi** da b*ear*b*adh* arin digh so & is tarbach sin an aig*id* gac uili easl*ainte* an cl*eibh*. Aran g*eal* arna rosdad da tuma annsan digh so & ic*aidh* an cairdiaca & **sinc*oipis*** gan fuireach.


190. **Menta**: .i. **minntus**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii c*eim* & is mor confurtachtaigeas in gaili & in dil*eaghadh*. A tabairt ar c*et* {ms folio 88b1} longadh & marbaidh peiste *no*ch bis leat astidh isin corp. A b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & urbruith da denum dona huirgibh dhe & foirid a n-att & fodnaidh fos an aig*id* cruais & aitt na cich. **Minntas** & sal*ann* da brisidh trit a ceili & a cur ar greim na con confaid & foirig e gan fuireach & ni teit a neimh ina haitli. Da thoirmeasc na **geineamhna** **sugh minntais** da cur sa **mbandacht** & ni teagmann clann don mnai. **Sugh minntais** da coimilt don caisi & ni brenann gemad fada beas astigh. **Minntus** da tirmug*adh* & beirid a br*igh* ann bl*iadhain*. M*inntas* da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & na fiacla do nighe as & furtachtaig*id* a tinneas & daingnidh iat & foirigh an brenanalaighi. P*udur* pibair


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& **caineil** da caitim maille re **sugh m*inntais*** am*ail* **sabus**
 & comfurtachtaig*id* an dil*eaghadh*. Item, m*inntus* do b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a ol & coisc*idh* an sceatrach. Barr m*inntais* da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a cur 'na ceirin umna hairnibh & gl*anaidh* an **macl*ac*** agna mnaib. Lan duirn da barr m*inntais* da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a cur te arin **imlican** & foirigh **coilica** & **ilica**.


191. **Mercurialis**: .i. **mercurial**; f*uar* fl*iuch* sa c*et* ceim & ata fol*udh* rigin aici & at abr*igh* bochta innti & folm*uighidh* l*inn* r*uagh* co hoir*eda* ona haeib & ona hinnibh & l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste*. Sugh na l*uibhe* so da tobairt omh maille re siucra & folm*uighidh* co hailginach na l*eann*a reamraiti. Et teit an br*igh* lac*tach* asdi rena b*ear*b*adh*.


An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar im *no* ar bl*onaig* m*uice* & a fascad tri edach & a tobairt am*ail* sailb & foirid an **cosachtach** & easl*ainte* an cl*eibh*. **Mercurial** do b*ear*b*adh* ar feoil mh*uice* & an feoil & an t-**eanbruithi** da caitim roimh an purg*oid* & bogaid & sleamhnaigh na hinne & na sligthi co hinmedonac. A b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a ol & reamraigid an tsealg noch do cael o imurcraig l*eann*a r*uaigh*. Item, b*eir*b an l*uibh* c*et*na ar uisce & curtar bl*onaig* muici & mil & sal*ann* ann & a tabairt am*ail* cl*istire* & lagaidh na hinne co socamlac ailghin*each*.




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192. **Mellifolium**: .i. **in ath*air* talmun**; t*easai*de tir*im* ata si as mor fodhnus an aig*id* na cloc f*uail* & {ms folio 88b3} **coididiana**. Item, g*abh* tri craeba beca don **atair tal*man*** & tabair re tri laeib don othar & da sceidhi ni ticfa as & muna sceidhi budh slan. Et as mor fodhnus an l*uibh* c*et*na an aig*id* **artetica** & **potagra**. An l*uibh* c*et*na da cur adrut & da brog a dul a coinne *no* an oireachtasaibh & biaidh buaigh n-uiruigill ort an feadh bis ann.


193. **Mirtuis**: .i. **in raidleag**; f*uar* sa c*et* ceim & tir*im* sa dara ceim & is fearr a hur na a crin. A ros da tirmug*ad* re grein & beirig a br*igh* ii bl*iadhain* ann & beirid a br*igh* ana duill*ebar* iii bl*iadhna* & ata br*igh* fastoidhteac innte ona poinnticeacht & br*igh* comfurtachta ona deaghbal*adh* gurab uime sin fodnus an aig*id* na sceatraighe coil*erda* & flux na bronn & **fluxa na fola m*ista*** noch tic o anbainne na br*igh*e fostoidhthi & o geire na l*eann*ann. Ros na l*uibhe* so do brisidh maille re g*eal*an *uighe* & a cur 'na ceirin arin ngaili & coisc*idh* in sceatrach. An ceirin c*et*na da cur umna hairnibh & coisc*idh* flux na fola m*ista*. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & fotragadh da denamh dhi & an t-easlan da cur 'na suighi ann & coisc*idh* **flux disinteria** & na f*ola* m*ista*. Item, g*abh* ros na l*uibhe* so & pre*mh* madra & marbdroigin & airged luacra & pre*mh*a macaill & b*ear*btar ar uisce & cuirtear mil no siucra innti & a hol mocrach & re laighi & foiridh na cn*eadh*a.




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194. **Mirra**: .i. **mirr**; teas*aide* tir*im* sa dara ceim & gum croinn e fasas annsan **Innia** & dat dearg *no* solus or-buighi is fearr air & beirigh a br*igh* ann c*et* bl*iadhan* & is aml*aidh* da gabur e an aimsir samraig & builli da tuaigh da tabairt arin crand & sil*idh* an ghum so as. **Mirr** da cur ar smeroidib dearga & a deatac da ligin sa mbel & foirigh do-bal*adh* na hanala, P*udur* **mirri** da congmail fona fiacl*aibh* & do coimilt dibh & daingnig*id* iat & do-ni anal co mait. Item, dentar **pill*ula*** da **sdoracx** & do **mirr** & connaimtear san bel & toirmiscigh sibal an rema & foirig catarrus. An **pill*ula*** c*et*na da cur ar smeroidibh & a deathac da gababail isin bel & comhfurtachtaidh an dil*eaghadh*. **Mirr** & ubla figi da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & is comachtach comfurtachtaigeas an dil*eaghadh*. A cur ar smeroidibh dearga & a deatac da ligin a mbel an **macl*aic*** & glanaidh e & comfurtachtaidh an br*igh* geneamhnach. An {ms folio 89a3}deatac c*et*na da ligin fon **timtireacht** & foirig an **tineasmon** am*ail* adubrumar.


195. **Morella**: .i. **midhaidi**; f*uar* tir*im* sa dara ceim. Da bainne da sugh na l*uibhe* so do cur sa cluais & foirig an teinneas tic o teas*aideacht* innti. Ceirin don luib so da cur fon edan & foirig tinneas an cinn tic o teas*aideacht*. Sudh na l*uibhe* c*et*na da coimilt don brut & dona goranaib do-nitear o teas*aideacht* & foirig iat. Sugh na l*uibhe* & c*et*na min cr*uithneacht*a da cur arin **teinigh diadh** & ar in



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aillsi & {ms folio 89b1} foirigh iat. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar **sisan eorna** & a tobairt an aig*id* na n*eascoid* t*easaide* bis isna ball*aibh* inmedonacha. Item, breid dearg da tuma a sug na l*uibhe* so & a cur ar druim na n-ae & coisc*idh* a n-ainnteas & a cur umna haltaibh & foirig an **potagra** thic o teas*aideacht* mar adubramur.


196. **Morsus demonis**: .i. greim an deamhain .i. **an caisearban bec**; f*uar* tir*im* sa c*et* c*eim*. A coimilt ar fin & a ol & comfurtachtaig*id* an gaili & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & tirmaig*id* uis*gim*lacht ainmeasardha na fola. A coimilt ar uisce & a ol & gl*anaidh* salcur an mac*laic*. Item, g*abh* **caisearban bec** & **fumiter** & **gorman bec**
& **ogradh** & **prema losa na franc** & **premha macaill** & **finscoithi** & **atur talman***;* bristear na l*uibhe* so & curtar ar **lind tren** & curtar mil arna spumail innti in med is ailt & a ol mocrac & re loighi & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & an **macl*aic*** & gl*anaidh* an f*uil* co himcubaig.


197. **Muscus**: .i. spisrad; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurab edh as **muscus** ann .i. bracadh bis a n*eascoidib* ainmidedh san **Innia** & as cosmuil iat re gobraibh & a ngoiri da ngluinibh bis an n*eascoid* so. Et atait tri datha .i. dat d*ubh* co huili & dat dubh co rannaige & dath fo-r*uagh* & ase dath as fearr dib an dath fo-ruag. A bol*tanughadh* da cur fon s*roin* & foirigh an


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**sinc*oipis*** & gac uili anbuinne c*raighi* & ata br*igh* comfurtachta innti ona deaghballadh & br*igh* discailteac ona cailib fein. **Muscus** da cur fon s*roin* co gnatac & foirigh **presuficacio m*atricis*** & gac uili anmainne na br*ighi* ainmighi. **Muscus** da cur isin **macl*ac*** & togairmigh an geneamhain. Item, **muscus** da cur an ola *no* co leaga & olunn *no* cadas da tuma innti & a cur sa **macl*ac*** & do-ni mar in c*et*na & a congmail isin bel & colsc*idh* do-baladh na hanala. **Muscus** da coimilt idir da basaib a srut *no* a loch & tiucfaid an t-iasc chugad & an liusach co hairithi.


P*udur* an **muscus** {ms folio 89b3} da coimilt dona hascallaibh & foirigh a mbrentas re n-abuir **ircus** am*ail* adubrumar romhainn.




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198. **Mumia**: .i. gne spisruidh noch ata t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & as aml*aidh* da gabur e annsa **B*ab*ileoin** & a crich na paghanac & na **Serristinech** .i. an tan adnaictear tigerna dib so curtar moran da **mirr** & da **balsamum** & da spisartaibh uaisli deagbal*aidh* ana {ms folio 90a1} timceall isin comraigh & an tan leaghas an corp daenna & na neithi sin do-ni p*udur* min dibh & ni fuil dona huili neithibh ni as fearr bal*adh* na e & an tan toctar an comra da gabur e ameasc na cnamh 'na p*udur* min & ata br*igh* fastaiteac ann & cosc fola & is mor fodnus da luct **ematoica** .i. don luct chuiris fuil tara mbel & an aig*id* flux na f*ol*a m*ista*. Et as mor fodnus bol*tanughadh* an guma so an aimsiri an droc-aeir truaillnigthi.


199. **Mandragora**: .i. prem l*uibh*i noch ata f*uar* tir*im* & ni fadur a ceim ona hugdaraibh & atait da gne uirre .i. gne bannda & gne fearrdha & aderaid drong dona doctuiribh gurab faisna crocairibh da gabur e .i. an silni tuitis uata san tal*am* innas co crutaidtear e & co mbinn a premh a ndeilbh duine. Croicinn na preimhe so da taisc*eadh* & mairidh a br*igh* iii bl*iadhna* innti. Et ata br*igh* fritbuailteac coimhceangail {ms folio 90a2} marbtac innti. A cur fo cinn an duine & togairmigh an codladh. P*udur* na premhi so maille re g*eal*an *uighe* da cur fon edan & foirigh tinneas an cinn & togairmigh an codlad mar an c*et*na. An


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p*udur* so do tobairt ar fin da ol & fritbuailigh na n*eascoid*e t*easaide* co hinmedonac. Is imda buadha eli ar manndragora isna leabraibh noc licfeamaid torainn annso.


200. **Mirbulani**: torudh crainn fasas annsan **Innia** & atait u gneithi air & atait uili f*uar* sa c*et* ceim & tir*im* sa ii ceim & ata br*igh* lac*tach* a ngach gne dibh. An c*et* g*ne* dib **mirbol*ani* citrini** & bit trom a ndat buighe & folm*uighidh* l*inn* r*uagh* co hoir*eda* & l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste* & is imcubaidh da luct na buideacuire & **terciana** an gne so & an aig*id* ainmeasurdachta na n-ae & na s*eilge* & an aigidh easbada na br*ighi* totl*uighthe* noch do laidigh o imarcaidh {ms folio 90a3} l*eann*a r*uaigh* & gl*anaidh* an gaili & na hinne & innarb*aidh* uisce na hidroipisi re n-abar alcites & tempanites & as aml*aidh* dl*eaghar* a tabairt maille re meadg b*ainne* gobair *no* le sugh **fumiter** & ni dl*eaghar* aen gne acu so da b*ear*b*adh* acht a tobairt fuar oir beanaidh a mb*ear*b*adh* a mbr*igh* asta. An ii gne re n-abur **mirbol*ani* cebuli** & as mo as f*earr* hi na'n g*ne* adubrumar & as luga as searb & as mo tigernaidheas br*igh* sdipicda innti {ms folio 90b1} & as bec lagas & folm*uighidh*eas l*inn* d*ubh* & na l*eann*a loisc*te* as mo da-ni gurab uime sin as imcub*aidh* e da lucht **quartana** nota & **cardiaca** & sinc*oipisi* do-nitear o l*inn* d*ubh* & an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & **fluxa** an **daergal*air*** & an aig*id* dorcachta an radairc do-nitear o deathaigib l*eann*a duibh & cuirtear an gne so da mirbol*ani* a l*eiges*aib comsuig*igte* maille re reubarbram & 
re siltaib


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diureticaca an aig*id* dorcacht an radairc mar adubramur.
An iii gne .i. **mirbol*ani* inndi** & ata a oibr*iughadh* co hinmedonac idir **sitrina** & **cebuli** oir ni folm*uigh*tear l*inn* r*uagh* co mor le **sitrini** & folm*uigh*tear l*inn* d*ubh* co mor le **cebuli**. An iiii gne .i. **mirbolani emblici** & folm*uighidh* l*inn* d*ubh* co hoir*eda* & l*inn* f*inn* co tan*aiste*. An v gne .i. **mirbolani bellirisi** & folm*uighidh* mar in c*et*na l*inn* d*ubh* co hoir*eda* & l*inn* r*uagh* co tan*aiste*. Et aderait na dochtuire co folm*uigh*inn gac uili mirbol*ani* ona haeibh & on gaili & ona cuisl*eann*aib re n-abar **miseracio uena** & na baill {ms folio 90b2} imill*eacha* am*ail* adubrumar r*omhainn*.


201. **Mala masiana**: .i. na hubla fiadain; f*uar* tir*im* & ni fadur a ceim a leabraibh **Pl*aitiairius*** & ata br*igh* fostoidteach innta. G*abh* ubla coill*ighi* & maetain drisi arna mbrisidh & beirb iat a **finegra** & curtar umna hairnib *no* arin fordronn & foiridh **disinteria**. Na hubla millsi atait maille re gaetmuireacht moir. Na hubla **stipica** coill*ighi* da tobairt a haitli an big omh *no* b*eir*bfi & as mor fodnuid don luct eirgeas a heasl*ainte* 'ga mbi neimh-dil*eaghadh* 'na ngaili & as aml*aidh* dl*eaghar* a tobairt .i. na hubla da gearradh ara lar & a sceallain da buain asta leath astid & a linadh dona p*udur*aib so .i. p*udur* clobuis & **nutmicc** & **lignum aloeis** & muna fadtar so curtar **p*udur* cuimin** amhain innta *no* pibair & a rostadh & a caitim a haitli na codach & comfurtachtaig {ms folio 90b3} an dil*eaghadh* co mor. Item, garr an ubaill c*et*na arna rostadh do cumas*c*


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maille re h-**ailim** & re **borax** & a cur arin aillsi & foirig hi gan aimiris mar adubrumar.


202. **Mora selsi**: .i. **na smera**; f*uar* tir*im* atait siat & ata gne eli dib noch ata t*easaide* tir*im* & ar crannaib fasaid & ata br*igh* discail*teac* isna smeraibh fasas arna drisibh & is mor fodnaid an aig*id* **scinannsia** & tuitme an t-**sine tseaain** {ms folio 91a1} & na **cat mbraigid**. A cur isna **lictabairibh** danadh ainm **diamoron**. Sugh na smer & mil da b*ear*b*adh* trit a ceili & fodhnaidh an inad **diamoron** & mairidh a br*igh* ann x mbl*iadhna*. Sudh na smer da tabairt co diuid *no* maille re biadh*aibh* & marbaid peiste an gaili & na n-inneadh & lagaidh an bru.


203. **Melli**: .i. luib; t*easaide* tir*im* sa dara ceim & as da preim gairtear an t-ainm so .i. ara millsi aderar an t-ainm ria & ata br*igh* diureticac innte ona seimhe & br*igh* aitairngteac on a cailib fein. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar uisce & a ol & osluigid duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. A b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce an airasir samraig dona dainibh oga ~~a~~ aca mb*eith* na duinti sin. A bearb*adh* ar fin an aimsir fuair dona dainib arrsaige aca mb*eit* na duinti remraiti. P*udur* da denamh da premhaib na l*uibhe* c*et*na & p*udur* sil **feinel** da cur trit & a tobairt ar biadh *no* ar dig & calm*aigid* an dil*eaghadh* & comfurtachtaig*id* na baill inmedonaca. Item, b*eirb*tear an l*uibh* c*et*na ar fin & curtar te arin **timtireacht** & {ms folio 91a2} foirigh **teneasmon**.




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Item, **lictabair** da denamh da p*udur* melli & do mil & as mor comhfurtachtaideas an dileadhadh.


204. **Mesbili**: .i. **na sceachoire**; f*uar* tir*im* sa c*et* ceim & comhfurtactaidit an gaili & coisc*idh* an t-innrum coil*erda* & togairmigh an **fual** & is mo fodnaid da leith an l*eigis* na da leit an bigh oir as bec oilid an corp & an meid oilid as fuil reamur tuismidh & as roim an cuit dl*eaghar* a caitimh & as mar sin comfurtachtaidid an gaili & gac ball feitheach air ceana.
1. Don bilur uisce
2. don **musdard**
3. da bl*ath* na r*aibhi* uisce
4. don **neift**
5. don cnu francach
6. don nus muscata
{ms folio 91a3}
8. don almont.



205. **Nastursium**: .i. **in bilur usci**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa dara ceim; a b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce *no* ar feoil & a caitimh & gl*anaidh* an gaile & na baill spirudal*ta* ona l*eann*aibh fuara. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & ar ola & a caitim & foir*idh* **sdranguria** & **disuria**. Bil*ur* uisce do b*ear*b*adh* ar im *no* ar ola & a cur arin **imlican** & ic*aidh* **coilica** & **ilica**. Urbruith fon **timtireacht** da denam da bil*ur* & a deathac do


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licin fon **timtireacht** & foirid **teneasmon** a cur te arin **imlic*an*** foirigh **coilica** am*ail* adubramur.


206. **Napeum**, **sinapium**: .i. da ainm an **mosdaird** & ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa iiii c*eim* & as mo br*igh* ana sil na san l*uibh* fein & seimig*id* na l*eann*a remra {ms folio 91b1} isin cliabh & isin n-incinn & togairmigh an **fual** & an **f*uil* m*ista*** & dicuirigh bron & dubacas o neach. Ceirin do*n* tsil so & d'figeadaibh tirma & do plur arain gil & do mil & d'**finegra** & a cumasc trit a celi & a cur umna haltaibh & foirigh gach uili easl*ainte* na n-alt. An ola da-nitear don **mosdard** is cumachtac hi an aig*id* gac uili easl*ainte* na feithid & pairilis. Sil na l*uibhe* so do congmail isan bel & foirigh teinnis na fiacal do-nitear o fuar*aideacht*. Ceirin do **min mosdaird** & do bl*onaig* m*uice* & foirigh salcur & brut an craicinn. Ceirin do **min mosdaird** & d'figeadaib tir*ma* & do mil da cur fon ceann d'eis a bearrta & foirig **litairgia**. Item, ceirin do **min mosdaird** & do mil & do bl*onaig* m*uice* da cur arin ceann & fasaig an finnfad & foirig gach uili maili. **Mosdard** da caitim roimh **aix*is*** **coididiana** & foirig e am*ail* adubrumar.


207. **Nenufar**: .i. blath na **raibhe uisce**; f*uar* fl*iuch* sa dara c*eim* & is da premaib na l*uibhe* c*et* {ms folio 91b2}na gairtear **ungula cabalina**. Bl*ath* na l*uibhe* c*et*na do tinol a mi Iuil & a tirm*ughadh* an inadh innfuar & beirigh a br*igh* da bl*iadhain* ann. Bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce na


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**licoirisi** & is mor fodhnus an aig*id* ainnteasa na mball spirudal*ta* & is dileas an t-uisce c*et*na an aig*id* **na f*iabras* nger** mar ata **terciana intribulata** & **quason** & a cosm*ail*e. Et fos dl*eaghar* an aig*id* & na hairgi & na pulsada a coitcinne d'innladh asin uisci sin isna **f*iabras*aib gera**. Ceirin da duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur ar druim na n-ae & coisc*idh* an buideocuir & ainntes na n-ae. Do tiug*ugad* na gruaigi noch tuitis o adhbar t*easaide* .i. premha na l*uibhe* so da brisidh & a cur ar folcadh & an ceann do nighi as & is fearr an l*uibh* so isna tirtaibh t*easaide* na isna tirtaibh f*uar*a & as mor fodnus **sir*oip*** an blatha so isna heasl*aint*ib gera. Et as aml*aidh* do-nitear hi .i. moran da bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisci & a sitlodh & siucra da cur ann & bidh ana **sir*oip***. Bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so da cur re feadh {ms folio 91b3} oidhche an uisci fuar & a cur arna maireach gan brisidh arin edan & togairmigh an codladh isna **f*iabrasaibh* gera** & coisc*idh* teinneas an cinn & a cur umna pulsaibh & coiscid luas an craighi.


208. **Nepta**: .i. **neift**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim; a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & togairmigh an t-allus co huilidhi. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* & a ol & a coimilt dona pulsaibh & foirig **aix*is***. **quartana**. An l*uibh* c*et*na da brisid 'na haenur & a cur 'na ceirin ar bel an da iscad & foirig teinneas an droma & na n-arann & tairrngidh cuigi na l*eann*a righne {ms folio 92a1} bis annsna ball*aibh* sin. An


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l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista***. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobairt an aig*id* na luibri tic o fuar*aideacht* & ni mhedaigeann nis mo. An l*uibh* c*et*na da thabairt ar fin *no* ar lind & foirigh greim na con confaidh. Sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na d'ol & marbaidh na peiste. An s*ugh* c*et*na da cur isna cl*uas*aibh & marbaidh na peiste isna cl*uas*aib. Et na gnataidhid na mna torrcha an l*uibh* so. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & foirigh an t-**asma** tic o fuar*aideacht* & cumgacht an cl*eibh* & duinti na s*eilge* & teinneas an gaili & an fail. An l*uibh* c*et*na da brisidh co min & a cur arna n*eascoid*ibh & foirigh a ndroc-dath & glanaidh iad.


209. **Nux magna**: .i. **in cnu franccach**; f*uar* fl*iuch* sa ii ceim & ata br*igh* **stipeca** co foirtill ana duill*ebar* & ~~an~~ a croicinn an crainn so ara mbit na cno so gurab ~~u~~ uime sin coisceas gach flux f*ol*a. Duill*ebar* an crainn so maille re **ruibh** da brisidh & mil da cur trita & foirigh teinneas na feitheadh. An ola c*et*na do-nitear d'eitnib na cno so foirigh an {ms folio 92a2} aillsi bhis a ngoire dona suilib & isna cicibh am*ail* adeir **Au*icenna***. Cebe codlus fo scaili an crainn so as cuis geneamhna do mhoran d'easl*ainti*bh e. Sugh croicinn na cno so da tobairt maille re siucra & foirigh **stranguria**. Sugh an croinn c*et*na da tobairt maille re **finegra** isna f*iabras*aibh tic maille re rigur & re fuacht & foirigh iat gan fuireach. Eitneadha na cno so da caitim maille re **sugh ruibhi** & foirigh gach uile neim & 


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da caitear iat co gnathach tuismidh leanna coil*erda* teas*aide* & isna coimpl*easc*aibh teas*aide* co hairithi. Eitneadh na **cno francach** da brisidh mil tritha & foirigh na n*eascoid*e chruaidhi do-nitear o lind dub mar adubramur.


210. **Nux muscata**: .i. **nutamicc**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & torudh crainn e noch fasas san **Innia** & bid a mbr*igh* vii mbl*iadhna* innta & is amhluidh as fearr an cnu so .i. a beit trom daingin gan puill innti & ata br*igh* comhfurtachta aici {ms folio 92a3} ona deagbal*adh* & br*igh* cnaidteac discail*teac* ona cailibh fein. Leath na cno so do tobairt ar c*et* longadh an aig*id* fuar*aideacht*a an gaili & a*n* neimhdhil*eaghadh* & da-beir dath maith arin aig*id* leis. **Nus muscata** & mas da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobairt ar c*et* longadh & da dearb **Pl*aitiairius*** a cumachta so an aig*id* fuar*aideachta* na mball spirudalta *no* inmedonac. Item, **cuimin** & **nus muscata** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & do-ni an t-oibriugad c*et*na. An cnu c*et*na do congmail co fada sa bel & comhfurtachtaigh an inchinn. Et adeir **Raisis** da caitear **nus muscata** & **cubebis** & mass roimh an cuid co foir*idh* an brenanalaidhi & da caitear a ndiaigh na codach co ndein an meisce. Et curtar {ms folio 92b1} **nus muscata** isna **lictabairib** comhsuig*igte* chomhfurtachtaidheas an incinn & an c*raighe* mar ata **diapinidi** & **diaradon** & **diasiminum** & **diagalanga** & a cosmaile am*ail* adubrumur.




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211. **Nux longa**: .i. **almont milis**; t*easaide* fl*iuch* a medon an c*et* ceime & atait na halmonta searba t*easaide* tir*im* a ndeireadh an ii ceime & adeir **G*alienus*** co fuil gne seirbe a ngach aen almont & olid am*ail* oil *id* na cno Gaedealta & as reamur a foladh & as an-umal don dil*eaghadh* iat do reir roime a folaidh & urcoidig*id* don galli da r*eir* **Isac**. Et as mor fodnuidh don luct aca mbid cumgach cleib & tirmacht scaman & arann & togairmigh an **fual** & ullm*uigh*igh duinti na n-ae gurab uime sin aderar na halmonta searba da tobairt mar l*eiges* & na halmonta millsi mar biad. Et an ola do-nitear dona h*almon*taibh millsi as mor fodnas {ms folio 92b2} da galraibh an cl*eibh* & a tobairt maille re mil & re siucra da caiteamh. Et adeir **Isac** gurab aml*aidh* as fearr na halmonta .i. a mbeit ur a ngoire da fl*iuchaideacht* n*adurtha* fein & as olc iat arrsaig. A caitim an uair as oc iat & coisc*idh* ainnteas an gaili & an cl*eibh*. Na halmoint searbha da caitear iat cuirig an corp a calle & discailid na l*eann*a ramra on cliabh & ona scamhanaib & osluicidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & discailidh an gaetmuireacht ramur bis annsan inne re n-abar **colon** & glanaidh salcar na n-arann & an **macl*aig*** & furtachtaig **constipasion** na bronn. An croiceann bhis orra leath amuith do buain dibh & a cur san **macl*ac*** & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista*** co cumactach & innarbaidh gach ulli 1*inn* morgaithi bis annsa corp & coisg*idh* teinneas na bronn & togairmigh in codl*adh*. A tabairt maille re **sugh minntus** & coiscidh an **flux** fola. A tobairt{ms folio 92b3} maille re sugh


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**egrime Gaedilaighi** & brisidh na clocha f*uail*. A cumasc maille re **finegra** & an aig*id* d'innl*adh* as & glanuidh hi o gach uili salcur. Bainne na n-almont searb da tobairt maille re fin & furt acht aig*id* co mor an aig*id* na f*iabras* righin.
1. Don **olibanum**
2. don opoponax
3. dona huighib
4. do cnaim cr*aighi* in f*iadha*
5. don eorna.





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212. **Olibanum**: teas*aide* tirim sa ii c*eim* & gum croinn e noch da gabhar annsa catraig darub ainm **Alaxanndria** & da gabur e fos annsa chatraig darub ainm **Gamascum** {ms folio 93a1} & a ndath solus as fearr e. Et ata br*igh* comfurtachtach cneasaidhteac and & is fada d'aimsir beiris br*igh* ann re coimed. **Olibanum** & **masdix** da chumasc maille re fin & re g*eal*an *uighe* & a cur fona hairgibh & iman edan & coisc*id* silidh na l*eann*ann cum na sul & cum na fiacal. A congmail fona fiacl*aibh* & foirig tuitim an t-**sine seaain** & toirmiscidh sileadh na l*eann*ann cum an cl*eibh* & cum na scamhan. **Pill*uili*** do denamh da*n* gum c*et*na & a v *no* a iiii dib da tobairt re loighi & foirigh an bructach goirt & comf urtachtaig*id* an dil*eaghadh*. An gum c*et*na da cur ar smeroidibh dearga & a deathach da ligean fon **macl*ac*** & togairmigh an **toirrceas** gan fuireach. P*udur* **oilibanum** da cur ar **finegra** *no* co leadha ann & edach lin da tuma and ina haitli & a cur arna cighib ro-mhora bis ac mnaibh & laidhlg*id* iat co hingantach. **Oliban*um*** amh do b*ear*b*adh* ar fin f*inn* & a fascadh tri edach lin & a cur mar foib*ert* fona suilib & glanaidh an **radharc**.


213. **Opoponax**: & is inunn ‘opo’ asin ~~is inann~~ G*reigis* & sugh asin Gaedhilc & as inann ‘ponax’ isin teangaidh c*et*na & l*uibh* isin G*aedhilc* oir sugh l*uibhe* e noch da gabur isan



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doman toir. Et ata se t*easaide* tir*im* san iii c*eim* & ordaig*id* **Pl*aitiairius*** **pill*uili*** beaca da denamh dhe & a tabairt an uigh buig & foiridh docamail na hanala re n-abar **asma**. Item, a cur a sug uormoint re la con aitche & a sitlodh arna maireach siucra & mil da cur ann & a ol arna maireac ar c*et* l*ongadh* & foirid an idhroipis tic o fuar*aideacht* & gac tercair fuar ele tic ona fiabhrasaibh. A cur ar smeroidib dearga & a deatach da licin fon sroin & foirid **litairgia**. A*n*ni c*et*na da cur a sudh premh ruisc trum re feadh oidhce & a fascadh arna maireach & a tobairt bog maille re siucra & foiridh an idroipis & na heasl*ainteadha* fuara air cheana. **Opoponax** da cur ar smeroidibh dearga & a deathach do licean fon **macl*ac*** {ms folio 93a3} & togairmid an slanug*ad* & an **toirrceas marb** bis ann. **Pisairium** da denam do*n* ni c*et*na maille re hartamesia & cadas da tuma ann & a cur i sin **macl*ac*** & do-beir an **f*uil* m*ista***. **Opoponax** da tobairt maille re sugh uormoint & re mil & marb*aid* gac uili peist bis a ndainib & an *each*aibh.


214. **Ouua**: .i. **na huidhi** & ata gach uili ugh teas*aide* fl*iuch* & aderar co fuil fl*iuchaideacht* ana mbuigean & ana ngealan. Et an tan rostar {ms folio 93b1} in buighean ata br*igh* fostoidhteac *ann*. Et idir na huili uigib as iat *uighi* na c*er*c is fearr & is mo is inmholta iat an tan is ur n*a* an tan as arrsaidh iat. Et as di-molta *uighi* na n-en ghnath*uigh*eas uisce da r*eir* **Au*icenna*** oir tuismidtear droc-
l*eann*a uata. Et adeir fos co fuil cosc neimhe a ngealan


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gach uili *uighe* & co hairithi a ngeal*an* na n-uig*eadh* cerc. Et adeir **Au*icenna*** gurab aml*aidh* is fearr a caitim .i. a mb*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a caitimh bog & as mo moltar an buig*ean* cum na hoil*eamhn*a da r*eir* ~~da r*eir*~~ **Au*icenna*** n*a* an g*ealan*. Buiden na n-*uighead* da caithimh bog & fori*id* gairbhi an gotha & na braidhid & cumgach an cl*eibh* & fodnaid da luct pl*eur*isisi & da luct na **heitici** & da lucht **ematoica**. Et ordaig*id* **Au*icenna*** *ugh* da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** *no* co mbad cruaidh & a caitimh & foiridh **disinteria**.


215. **Os de corde serui**: .i. **an cnaimh bis a craighi an fhiadha** & ata se f*uar* tir*im* & ni fadhar a c*eim* a leabar **Pl*aitiairius*** & a leat cle an cra*ighi* bis {ms folio 93b2} se & d'fuil an cra*ighi* fein tuismidtear e & bidh ar dus ana mae*t*an *no* co cruadaidhinn a ngne cnaimh e & bidh fos cosm*ail*is an cnama so a crai*ghi* an gobair & racaidtear a richt an cnaimhe so e. Et ata *deich*fir atura .i. cnaimh cra*ighi* an f*iadha* bid se for-r*uagh* & cnaim cra*ighi* an g*obair* bidh se g*eal* bog & beirid a br*igh* a cnaimh cra*ighi* an f*iadha* x mbl*iadhna* xx & a tirm*ugad* re grein ar dus & ata br*igh* comhfurtachta an cra*ighi* ann & br*igh* gl*anta* na fola. Casnaideac an cnama so da b*ear*b*adh* ar sug borr*aiste* & a tobairt da neach ar a mbi a **sinc*oipis*** *no* **cardiaca p*assio*** & foiridh e gan fuireac. P*udur* an cnaimhe c*et*na da tobairt ar fin & foirig **flux** f*ol*a an **daer-galair** & is imdha buadha an cnama so ag **Au*icenna***.




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216. **Ordium**: .i. **in eorna**; fuar tir*im* sa ii ceim & is mor moltar a leabar **Pl*aitiairius*** hi cum an l*eigis* oir as di da-nitear **tisanum ordi** .i. **sisan na heorna** & as mor fodnus da luct an f*iabras*a am*ail* {ms folio 93b3} adeir **Ip*ocras*** a leabar Rementa acutorum & fos i sin c*et* leabar d' Amprismorum. Et fodn*aid* an aig*id* na n*eascoid* t*easaide* & fuar co coitcinn .i. **min eorna** & **finegra** cum fritbuailti na n*eascoid* t*easaide* ana tosac & **min eorna** & buiden chum a n-aipiti ana tormach. Et **min eorna** & **picc** & mil cum aipithi na n*eascoid* f*uar*. Et adeir **G*alienus*** idir na huili gran gurab i in eorna is mo oileas **co haicideach** & is mo ollis an cr*uithneacht* co nadura. {ms folio 94a1} Et adeir **Isac** eorna arna b*ear*b*adh* da brisidh a moirtel & **pot*aiste*** da denumh dhi ar bainne gabuir & as biadh imchubaig*eas* da lucht na **tisisi** & na **heitice** an **pot*aiste*** sin oir athnuaig*id* an fl*iuchaideacht* na*dura* & imdaig*id* an sperma & an f*ual* & na spiruid amuil adeir **Isac** in Dietis Uneuers*alibus*.
1. Da duill*ebar* na fineamhna
2. don persille
3. don puiliol m*untanum*
4. don pibur dubh
5. do mhillsen m*onadh*
6. d*on* pairitair
7. don scim
8. don eigrim
9. d*on* ruib cl*oithe*


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12. don lus
13. don meathradh
{ms folio 94a2}
15. dona peirib
16. don luaighi.



217. **Pampinus**: .i. duill*ebar* na fineamhna; t*easaide* tir*im* ata se. A briseadh & blonuic m*uice* da chur trit & a b*ear*b*adh* an aighean & a cur 'na ceirin ar druim na s*eilge* & foirig a cruas & a nduinti. **Pisairium** da denamh dhe & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an slanug*ad* & an **toirrceas marb**. P*udur* da duill*ebar* na fineamhna & bl*onaig* c*ir*ce da cur trit & a cur 'na ceirin arna n*eascoid*ibh fuara & foirigh iat.


218. **Petrosilium**: .i. **in peirsille**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & atait da gne air .i. gne muinnterdha & g*ne*
coil*lidhe* & ase a sil & a prem is mo fodnas chum an l*eigis* & beiridh a brig ana sil v bl*iadhna* & ata br*igh* diureticach comhfurtachtach ann & is tarbac an l*uibh* {ms folio 94a3} so an aig*id* na gaethmuireachta & a caitim omh *no* b*eir*bfe & comhfurtachtaidh an gaile co mor & lagaidh an bru co hailginach. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* maille re borr*aiste* ar feoil caeireach & fodnuidh co cumacht~~acht~~ach an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria** & duinti na n-ae & na seilge. Ceirin don luibh c*et*na da cur umna huirghibh & coiscidh a n-att & a teinneas.




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p.227


219. **Pulegiu*m* muntanum**: .i. an **puliol muntanum**; t*easaide* sa ii c*eim* & tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ata br*igh* diureticach ann. A buain an tan bis a bl*ath* uirre & b*eir*idh a br*igh* bl*iadhain* innte & a taiscid an inad dorcha. Et fodnuigh si an aig*id* easl*ainte* teas*aide* & fuar an cl*eibh* & fos foir*idh* tinneas & gaethmuireacht an gaili & na n-inneadh & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na n-arann & na s*eilge*. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & glanaidh slidte an fuail & ic*aidh* **stranguria** & **disuria**. Fodnaid an l*uibh* c*et*na co mor an aig*id* easl*ainte* na n-alt a ceirinaibh & a {ms folio 94b1}n-**uinneminntib**. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & furtachtaig*id* galar na mban.


**Piper nigrum**: .i. an **pibur dubh**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iiii ceim & mairig a br*igh* ann co ceann ii bl*iadhain*. Et ata br*igh* diureticach ann. A p*udur* da cur isna cn*eadh*aibh & coisc*idh* a n-ainmfeoil & is leor da loscadh orra & ata br*igh* atairrngteac cnaidteac ann da r*eir* **Au*icenna***. P*udur* pibair da cur fon sroin & togairmigh an sraedach noch is cuis da glanugh na hincinne ona l*eann*aib reamra. P*udur* pibair & figeadha da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a caitim & gl*an*aidh an cliabh ona l*eann*aibh fuara. P*udur* pibair & ainisi da caitim maille re figeadaib a haitli na codach & comfurtachtaig*id* an dil*eaghadh*. Item, p*udur* laedhain an pibair duib da cur an **uisce na roisi** & a cur fon suil & scailig finna na sul. Item, dentar an **sabus** so da calm*ugad* an totl*uighthe* .i. g*abh* **saitsi** & minntus &


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**persilli** & bris iat & boin sudh {ms folio 94b2} asdu & cuir plur arain gil arna rosdadh ann & p*udur* pib*air* & cumusctar maille re **finegra** no re fin & caittear maille ris an cuit. Et na ro-gnath*aigheadh* lucht l*eann*a r*uaigh* na f*ol*a deirge an pibar oir ullmaig*id* iat cum na luibhri. Et ata gne ele de .i. pibar fada & as mo ata br*igh* comfurtachta ann na sa **pibar dh*ubh***. Adeir **Au*icenna*** gurab eadh as pibar fada ann .i. caitine fasas arin luibh ara fasann an **pibar d*ubh***. Et adeir **Pl*aitiairius*** gurab ar sleibtib annsan **Innia** da gabar e & as aml*aidh* da gabur e oir ata d'imad natrach neime & beathadhach neimneac an tsleibhe sin gurab eigin a loscadh innas co fagaid na hainmighi neimhneach sin e gurab aml*aidh* sin da gabar e gurab e sin da beir dub e.


221. **Pulicaria**: .i. **in millsean monadh** & atait da {ms folio 94b3}gne air .i. g*ne* mo*r* & g*ne* bec & ata an gne mor fuar fl*iuch* sa iii ceim & ata an gne bec t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & ata br*igh* discailteac cnaidhteac innti. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin maille re figeadaib tirma & innarbaidh na l*eann*a f*uar*a bis isna ball*aibh* spiradalta & foirigh cumgac na hanala & gac gne don **asma**. Fotracad don *luibh* so an aig*id* salcuir an **macl*aic***. P*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur am*ail* **pisairium** sa **macl*ac*** & medaig*id* an geneamhain. Item, g*abh* lan duirn da barr na l*uibhe* so & b*ear*btar ar fin & cuir te fon **timtireacht**~~a~~ & foirig builc an **daergal*air***. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na do cur ar licc the & a chur ar in mbaitis &
coisc*idh* in rema f*uar* am*ail* adeir **Au*icenna***.




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p.229


222. **Paritaria**: .i. **in pairitair**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iiii c*eim* & aderur uitriora risin l*uibh* so .i. uitrum an gloine oir glanuidh si gach gloine & a choimilt dhe & is fearr a hur na a crin & ata br*igh* seimhithi discailteac cnaidhteac innte & is mor fodhnus an aig*id* teinnis & gaethmuireachta an ghaili & na n-inneadh & an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria**. A b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce saillti & a cur arin **imlican** & fortachtaig*id* co mor na heasl*ainteadha* ad*ubhramur*. Item, bristear an l*uibh* so & b*ear*btar ar bran & ar deascaibh & curtar 'na ceirin uman **imlican** & coisc*idh* flux na bronn. Fotragad da denamh don l*uibh* so & do duill*ebar* eidinn na sceithi & da dearglaech & da premaibh madra & an lucht ara mbi **disinteria** da chur ann & furtachtaig*id* co mor iat am*ail* adubramur r*omhainn*.


223. **Polipodium**: .i. **in scim**; t*easaide* tir*im* isin ii ceim & atait da gne uirre .i. g*ne* fasas arna clochaibh & gne fasas arna crannaib & asi in g*ne* fasas arna dairgibh is mo iartar cum an l*eigis* dibh & folm*uigid* {ms folio 95a2} l*inn* f*inn* co hoir*eda* & linn d*ubh* co tan*aiste* & co mor on gaili & ona hinnibh & is mor fodnus da lucht **fiabruis coididiana** & **tersiana** *no*ch do-nitear o **coil*era* sitrina** & **uitilina** & osluig*idh* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* noch do-nitear o leannaibh righne & as mor fodhnus do lucht **quartana** & **coil*ica*** & don lucht aga mbidh l*eann*a r*eamhra* biamla isin gaili & isna hinnib. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar



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p.230


**eanbruithi** & as aml*aidh* sin dl*eaghar* a tobairt da lucht l*eann*a *finn* & l*eann*a d*uibh* & dl*eaghar* fos a tobairt mar sin do coimed na slainte. Dleaghar na neiche an aig*id* na gaetmuireachta da b*ear*b*adh* le, mar ata **sil ainisi** & **cuimin** & **feineil** & is tarbach hi an aig*id* **artetica** & **potagra** & gach uili easl*ainte* na n-alt. Item, dentar **sir*oip*** di .i. g*abh* da ℥ *no* a tri da premuibh na l*uibhe* so arna mbrisidh co maith & b*ear*btar ar uisce maille re h-**airn*id*ibh** & re sail c*uach* & re **sil feineil** & ainisi & **cumin** b*ear*btar co maith & sitoiltear & curtar siucra ann an meid as ailt & as mor fodnas an tsir*oip* so da coimed na sl*ainte* & an aig*id* galair na n-alt.


224. **Pibinella**: .i. **an eigrim**; teas*aide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ata br*igh* diureticach ann & as mor fodnus an {ms folio 95a3} aig*id*, **stranguria** & **disuria**. A b*ear*b*adh* cona premhaibh & cona sil ar fin & coiscid loscad an f*uail*. Item, prema na l*uibhe* so da brisidh co min & barr bainne da cur tritu & a chur ~~& a cur~~ 'na ceirin umna heasbaib & foirig iatt.


225. **Pulitricum**: .i. gne don **dubhch*osach*** .i. **an ruibh cloithi**; f*uar* tir*im* co measurdha & ata br*igh* diureticach oslaicteac innte & furtachtaig*id* an aig*id* duinte na n-ae & na s*eilge* & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt gan luibhe diureiticacha ele faria mar ata premha fineil & p*ersille* & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobairt an aig*id* na n-easl*ainteadh* adubramur.




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p.231


226. **Porrum**: .i. **in lus**; teas*aide* tir*im* .i. a teas*aideacht* sa iii ceim {ms folio 95b1} & a tirmuidheacht sa ii ceim. Sugh bonna gil an losa da tobairt maille ris fein da lucht cuiris fuil tar a mbel & bid sl*an*. Barr lossa da brisidh & mil da cur trit a cur isna cn*eadh*aib brena ina mbi moran sil*idh* & foiridh iat. Sugh na l*uibhe* so ar **sisan**  mbog & coiscidh an **cosachtach**. Lus da brisidh & mil da cur trit & a cur ar greim na con confaid & foirig e & gach uile neimh. Sug lossa d'ol maille re bainni cich mna & foirigh an **cosachtach**. Sug losa & an iiii cuit do mhil trit da cur sa sroin & foirigh teinneas an chinn. Da mbia teinneas isin cluais cuir aen bainne da sugh an l*osa* isin leat sroin is faidi on cluais & ic*aidh* an teinneas. Lus da caitim a tosac na codach & toirmiscidh an meisce. A caitim a tosach na codach ata br*igh* lac*tach* ann. A caitimh ~~a caitim~~ dona mnaib a tosach na codac & bigh clann mor uada. Premha an losa da chur ar smeroidibh dearga & a detach da ligin fo*n***macl*ac*** & togairmig an **f*uil* m*ista***. Sudh an losa .i. a premh da cur fon sroin & coisgidh **flux fola na srona**. Premha losa da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & foirigh {ms folio 95b2} an neimh. Murlain l*os*a da b*ear*b*adh* ar **bainne almoint** & a caitimh & togairmigh an druis. Et ata gne coill*idhe* don lus re n-abur **sibhus** & ata si t*easaide* isin iiii ceim & tirim isin iii ceim & ata br*igh* discail*te* na l*eann*ann fuar ann & togairmid an **fual** & an **f*uil* m*ista*** & a caitim omh. Sugh na gnee so don lus da cur sa **macl*ac*** & toghairmigh an f*uil* mh*ista* am*ail* adeir


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p.232


**Isac** & an uair caitear ~~luibh~~ in l*uibh* so ar c*et* longadh tuismid gaetmuireacht isin gaili & gortaigh na feithi & tuismidh detuigi reamra tirma uaithi noch urcoid*igheas* don **radarc** & is cuis d'aislingtibh troma a cosm*ail*eas tromlaighi.


227. **Pingedo**: .i. **in methrudh** & ata *gne* de t*easaide* tir*im* & gne eli teas*aide* *fl*iuch** & as fearr methradh na n-ainminteadh coillti chum an l*eigis* na an ainmighe asna beantar & gach arrsaideacht beas an t-ainmighe as fearrdi an metrad & is e metrad na c*er*c & na caileach is fearr. Metrad geidh & matgamna da coimilt don ceann bis lom &
fasaidh finnfadh air. An metrad c*et*na da coimilt da cr*eacht*ib in beoil{ms folio 95b3} & foirigh iat. Metrad an eisc da coimilt maille re mil dona suilib & foir*id* an fl*iuchaideacht* shuil*ighe*. Geir fiadha da cur an **uinnemintib** lochta an **spasm*uis*** & furtachtaig*id* iat. Metrad gobair da cur a clistiribh coirtithi an aig*id* **disinteria** & fodnaidh co lan mor. Aderar co fuil metragh an leomhain & an tairbh t*easaide* tir*im* & metradh na ~~na~~ n-ainminnteadh eli t*easaide* fl*iuch* & adeir **Isacc** co fuil gach uili methradh an-umal don dil*eaghadh* oir tuismidh duinti isna ball*aibh* am*ail* adubhra*mur*.




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p.233


228. **Pira**: .i. **na peirida**; fuar tir*im* atait siat. A caitim a ndiaig na codach & furtachtaidh an dil*eaghadh*. A caitim roimh an cuit & furtachtaidh **flux na bronn**. **Peiridha** {ms folio 96a1} da brisidh & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar uisce fertana & a cur 'na ceirin ar bel an gaili & coiscidh an sceat rach coil*erdha*. An ceirin c*et*na da cur arin **imlican** & coiscidh **flux na bronn**.


229. **Plumbum**: .i. **an luaidhe**; f*uar* fl*iuch* ata se & ata br*igh* fritbuailteac fuartach ann. Plata tanuighi da denam dhe & a cur arna ball*aibh* a mbia ainnteas & foirid iat. Da laidhdiug*ad* siligh & teasbuidh na cn*eadh* & da tirmugad ga copa luaighe da cur san cn*eadh* no plata tanuigi ina mbia moran da poll*aibh* da cur ara bel leath amuith & as nor furtachtaidheas iat. Da cosc neime do-nitear o teinidh *no* o uisce plata luaighe da cur air leath amuit.


230. **Quercus**: .i. **in darach**; f*uar* tir*im* isin ii c*eim* & ata br*igh* fostuidhteach tirm*uigh*teac ana crann & ana duill*ebar* & ina toradh. Duill*ebar* an crainn so da brisidh co min & a cur isna cn*eadh*uibh & coisc*id* flux f*ol*a{ms folio 96a2} na cn*eadh* & cneasaig*id* iat. Duill*ebar* ur an crainn so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a ol & coiscidh **disinteria** & gac **flux fola** & a cur fon **timtireacht** & foirid **teneasmon**. Coirt **darac** do b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & an t-uisce d'ol & an t-easl*an* da suigi


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p.234



arin coirt & coisc*id* na heasl*ainteadha* adubramur. **Measoca** na **darach** ata togairm an fuail innta & coiscidh an **fluxa** & is mo an br*igh* **stipecda** a mblaeisc na measoc na ina toradh & as mo ata si a copan na measoice ina 'na plaisc oir aderar idir na huili ni **stipecda** gurab e copan measoice na darac is mo is sdipecda dibh.
1. Don racam
2. don ros marina
3. don reubarbrum
4. don ros dearg
5. don madra
6. don **ruibh**
{ms folio 96a3}
8. dona neithib fritbuail*teacha*.



231. **Rafanos**: .i. **racam**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim. A prema da brisidh & a cur a **finegra** co ceann tri la & a b*ear*b*adh* ana haitle & siucra da cur ann & a ol maille re trian uisce re loidhi & ag eirghi & fodnaig*id* an aig*id* **f*iabrais* coididiana** & **terciana nota** & as risan comhsuighadh so aderar **oixisacra**. An tsir*oip* c*et*na sin d'ol an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Duill*ebar* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar bl*onaig* m*uice* & a cur 'na ceirin ar druim na n-ae & scailigh a nduinti & a cruas. An ceirin c*et*na da cur arin **imlican** & ic*aidh* **sdranguria** & **disuria**. Sug na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur bog san


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p.235



cluais & foirig teinneas & buigri na c*luaise* & gac uili luibh diureticac asa teit a mbr*igh* cuirig an l*uibh* so a mbr*igh* innta & a cumasc maille re *premh na luibhe so*. Premha na l*uibhe* so da brisidh & a cur a **finegra** re fead oidce & a sitlodh arna maireach & uisce boc da cur 'na ceann & a tobairt am*ail* sceatraigh {ms folio 96b1} & folm*uigid* na l*eann*a reamra rigne bis annsa ghaili & da nitear **oiximul diureticach** da premhaibh na luibhe so maille re premhaibh **feineil** & per*sille* & **meirsi** & **egrime** & d*ubh*c*osach* & crimh m*uice* fh*iadha* & b*ear*btar ar **finegra** & cuirtear mil ann & eabur mar gach ndigh sim*plidhe* mar adubrumur. *Gloss; d'antus dentar **olibanum**.*


232. **Rosmarinus**: .i. **an ros marina**; t*easaide* tir*im* & na fadhar a ceim ona hugdaraibh. A bl*ath* & a duill*ebar* imcub*aigheas* cum an l*eigis* & is*e* as ainm don bl*ath* so dauntos[37](javascript:footNote('G600005/note037.html')) & as uadha ainmnidhtear an **lictabaire** ana teit se .i. **diantos** & beirig a mbr*igh* bl*iadhain* ana duill*ebar* & a mbl*ath*, na l*uibhe* so. Et ata br*igh* comfurtachta isin l*uibh* so a leit a deagbal*aidh* & brigh discail*teac* osluicteac ona teas*aideacht* & br*igh* tirm*uigh*teac cnaidhteach glantac ona tirmuidheacht. Bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobhairt an aig*id* na **sinc*oipisi*** & **cardiaca** & foirigh iat. An bl*ath* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & comhfurtachtaidh an incinn & foiridh teinneas an cinn. Item, b*ear*btar bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so ar fin & leagar a deatac {ms folio 96b2} fon sroin & comfurtachtaig*id* an inchinn co mor.



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**Diantos** & **maisdix** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & bolgam do congmail isan bel co fada & foirig tuitim an t-**sine seaain**. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na maille re **cuimin** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & foirigh tinneas an gaili & na n-inneadh. An luib c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin a cur te ar in **imlican** & foirigh **stranguria** & **disuria** & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & gl*anaidh* an **macl*ac*** & comhfurtachtaidh an br*igh* geneamhnach. Et da gnataidhis mna catrac Salernetain bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar ola choitcinn & a cur am*ail* **pisarium** sa mbanndacht da bhidis clannmar uadha & da beirid an **f*uil* mista**. Tuic leatt co comfurtachtaidtear na baill feiteacha on **ros marina** gurab uime sin as imcub*aidh* da lucht na **pairil*isi*** hi.


233. **Reubarbrum**: teas*aide* tir*im* isin ii ceim & premh croinn noch fasas annsan **Innia** & atait da ghne air .i. **barbrum** re raitear **reubarbrum** on tir darub ainm **Barbara** & **poinnticum** re raitear **reuponticum** {ms folio 96b3} & on oilen darub ainm **Pontos** ainmnidtear e *no* on b*las* poinnticdha bis air & as aml*aidh* as fearr e .i. a beith trom gan puill ann & an tan bristear e snaithidha r*uagha* dearga da beith ann & an tan fliuctar e & a cur ar th' ingin bidh dath crocda air ni beirinn a br*igh* ann act tri bl*iadhna* & ni binn br*igh* lac*tach* ann on aimsir sin suas & folm*uigid* l*inn* r*uagh* co hoir*eda* & l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste*. Gab da ʒ da premaibh **reubarbrum** & a urdail ele da **caisia fistula** & curtar iat air an uisce ara mb*ear*btar **melones** & sitruilli


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p.237



& **cucumeris** & leagar ann iat re feadh oidchi & sitoiltear arna maireac & tabartar da ol arna maireach & comfurtachtaig*id* ainnteas {ms folio 97a1} na n-ae & na s*eilge* & foiridh **an fiabrus re n-abur ematrisius** & foirigh **terciana** diuid & comhsuig*igt*i. Item, p*udur* **reubarbrum** da tabairt ar lan leighi da sugh indiuia & foirigh an buidheac*air* & as mor fodhnus da calm*ughadh* in totl*uith*e noch da hanmainnigead o imurcaidh l*eann*a r*uaigh*. Et ase a dileas an inchinn & an craighi da comfurtacht & calm*uigid* an **radarc** & marbaigh peisti na n-inneadh.


234. **Rosa rubia**: .i. **an ros dearg**; f*uar* sa c*et* ceim & tir*im* sa dara ceim. Ceirin dan luibh so da cur ar loscadh tineadh *no* uisce & foirigh e. An ceirin c*et*na da cur ar bel an gaili & coiscidh a loscadh o imdug*ad* l*eann*a r*uaigh* ann. **Ros d*earg*** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & coiscigh flux & flux na f*ol*a m*ista*. R*os* ur da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a brisid & a cur ana ceirin aran att & foirigh gach uili at. R*os* dearg da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a brisigh & g*eal*an *uighe* da cur trit & a cur 'na ceirin arna suilib & foiridh a ndearg*ad*us. Et as imcub*aidh* {ms folio 97a2} a crina & a ur chum an leigis. Bl*ath* r*os*a *no* an r*os* fein do tirm*ugad* & bigh a mbr*igh* tri bl*iadhna* innta & as don **ros** do-nitear **mil rosasium** & as aml*aidh* do-nitear hi .i. an tan curtar an bl*ath* so a mil feadh aimsiri & a fascadh ina haitle & bidh ana mhil r*osasium* & as mar an c*et*na do-nitear **ola na rose** .i. an bl*ath* c*et*na da cur an olaigh re headh d'aimsir & a


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p.238



fascad ana diaidh & bigh ana **oluig r*osasium*** & adubramur caib*idil* da bl*ath* an rosa *leat as* tuas dinn.[38](javascript:footNote('G600005/note038.html'))


235. **Rubia maior**, **uarencia**: .i. **in madra**; teas*aide* tir*im* isan c*et* ceim & ata br*igh* diureticach comfurtachta*ch* ann. Premha **madra** & **maisdix** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & togairmigh an f*uil* mh*ista* & an f*ual* & tarbaig*id* co mor an aig*id* duinnti na n-ae & na n-arunn & na s*eilge*. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar bl*onaig* mh*uice* *no* ar im & a cur 'na ceirin ar druim na n-ae & osluigidh duinti na n-ae. An ceirin c*et*na da cur arin **imlican** & togairmigh an **fual** & an f*uil* mh*ista*. Premha **ma*dra*** da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & an folt d'fholc*adh* as & da-beir dath min ruadh air. Ceirin da denamh da p*udur* {ms folio 97a3} **maisdix** & da p*udur* **ma*dra*** & da ceir nua & a cur ar bel an ghaile & foirig a tinneas. Pre*mh* **ma*dra*** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin a ol do mnai & togairmigh an slanug*adh*. Item, deoc annso da slanug*adh* na n-uili cneadh .i. gab barr **praisce d*eirg*e** & macaill & lus na franc & sil cnaibi & urdail ru uili da premhaibh **ma*dra*** a mb*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & a sitlodh & mil arna spumail da cur innti da r*eir* meidideachta na dighi & tabair fiuchadh ar is d'aentaibh orra & an tan bus fuar curtar **gabail** innti & tabartar da hol & cneasaigid gach cneadh.




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p.239


236. **Ruta**, **bisa** *no* **molea**: .i. **in ruibh**; teas*aide* tir*im* isin iii ceim; a hol co minic & comhfurtachtaigi an gaili. A tobairt do mnai re n-~~ign~~ignaibh & beraidh leanamh gan fuireach. An l*uibh* so da gnath*ughadh* & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & tirm*igid* in sil*eadh*. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar mil & foirigh an **cosachtach** tic o f*uaraideacht*. An l*uibh* so d'ol ar fin *no* ar lind & atait na buadha so uirri .i. osluicidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & furtachtaigidh an aig*id* **artetica** & **sietica** & an aig*id* aitt an **macl*aic*** & na n-inneadh & fos an aig*id* na peisteadh bis an *in*goire sa gail*e* & isna hinnibh. **Ruibh** & figeadha da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol da lucht na higroipisi & foirig iat. Da gerug*ad* an radairc .i. sugh **r*uibh*e** & fineil & dombl*as* ae **coiligh** *no* **iluir** & a cumasc trit a ceili & a fascadh tri edach lin & a cur fona suilib & do-ni sug **ruibi** 'na aenar an ni c*et*na. Sugh **ruibe** da cur a poll*aibh* na srona & coisc*idh* **flux fola na srona**. An l*uibh* so da cur a ndigh *no* a ceirin an aig*id* greim na con conf*aidh* & an aig*id* gach uili n*eimh* & foir*igh* hi.


237. **Repercusiua**: .i. gach ni ana fuil br*igh* frithbuailteac, atait siat a coimpl*easc* f*uar* da reir **Au*icenna*** & comhfurtachtaigidh an br*igh* innarbtach mar ata galla .i. mill duill*ebair* na darach & a measoca & **gatfann**


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& **popin** & **portul*aca*** & ros & uisce & duill*ebar* na fineamhna & **ros lachan** & **min eorna** & **toirpin** & a cosm*ail*e.
1. Don trom
2. don tsalann
3. don sarcacoll*a*
4. don scamonia
5. don sabraedhi
6. do shene
7. don piletra
8. don tsailigh
9. don spican*ardi*
10. don praisidh buigein
{ms folio 97b3}
12. don raib
13. don rudus
14. do cnaim na heil*ifinti*
15. don sdicatos
16. don tulchan
17. don tsanndaili
18. don stafis agria
19. don crim m*uice* f*iadha*
20. dona neichib sdip*ec*a
21. don modoman
22. don storac
23. don codladh
24. don ita


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p.241

27. don t-**saitsi**
28. don liathan locadh.



238. **Sambucus**: .i. **in trom**; t*easaide* {ms folio 97b4} sa iii ceim: & tir*im* sa ii ceim. A prema & a duill*ebar* & a bl*ath* & a toradh, atait imcub*aidh* cum an l*eigis*. Et as do laedan an truim do-nitear an ola darub ainm **sambusium**. Et ata br*igh* atairr*ng*teach l*eann*a finn & na l*eann*ann righin annsa trom & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & furtachtaig*id* an aig*id* **coil*ica*** & **ilica** & **coididiana** & **tersiana** noc do-nitear o **coil*era* sitrina** & **uitillina**. Et folm*uigid* co hoir*eda* uisce na hidroipisi; leath lan plaeisce *uighe* c*ir*ce da sugh preime an croinn so do tobairt maille re fin & folm*uigid* na heasl*aintea*dha adubramur. Et curtar premh rusc an crainn so an oixim*el*aib & a sir*oipibh* lac*tacha* co gnatac & curtar fos duill*ebar* an crainn so a ceirinaibh & an {ms folio 98a1} urbruitib an aig*id* aitt & tinnisa na mball noc tic o fuar*aideacht*. Duill*ebar* an croinn so da cur sa fotracadh re n-abur **sduthfa** & fortachtaig*id* lucht na higroipisi co mirbuileach. Bl*ath* an croinn c*et*na da cur an **eanbruitibh** *no* a **pot*aist*ibh** & lagaidh gan guasacht. In bl*ath* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & lag*aid* an fin sin. Sugh caer an crainn so & da trian fina trit & lagaidh co neamh-ghu*a*sachtach.


239. **Sal**: .i. **in salunn**; ~~. t.~~  t*easaide* isin ii ceim & tir*im* san iii c*eim* & is mor fodnus an aighid **replexion** an


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p.242



gaili noc tic o l*eann*aib fuara, A b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a ol am*ail* sceatraigh glanaidh co hoir*eda*. Sal*ann* da cur a mailin & a tegadh re tinigh & a cur arin seilg *no* arin gaili no aran inadh ele bhis tind ann & coiscidh a teinneas gan fuireach. Salann da brisidh co min & a b*ear*b*adh* ar mil noco mbia tiugh & **gaeithe** da denamh de a roime coinnle & a tabairt isin **timtireacht** & lag*aidh* gan guasacht & is mor {ms folio 98a1} fodnus gnath*ughadh* an tsalainn isna coimpl*easc*aib f*uar*a & an aig*id* neimh-dil*eaghadh* an gaili.


240. **Sarcacolla**: .i. gum crainn; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim. A cumasc maille re g*eal*an *uighe* & a cur uman edan & umna hairgibh & coiscidh sile*adh* na nder & **flux f*ola* na sro*na***. P*udur* in guma so da cur an **uisce na roisi** re feadh oidche & a fascadh arna maireac & a cur mar foibert fona suilibh & foiridh a teimil & scail*idh* a finn*a*. A cur ar smeroidibh & a deathach da ligin fon **timtireacht** & foirig **teneasmon** & bolga an **daerghal*air***. P*udur* an guma so da cur isna cn*eadh*aibh & tirmaig*id* iat.


241. **Scamonia**: teas*aide* tir*im* sa iii ~~sa iii~~ ceim & folm*uigid* l*inn* r*uagh* co hoir*eda* & l*inn* d*ubh* co tan*aiste* & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt d'folm*ugad* l*eann*a r*uaigh* nias lugha na *scrupal* & fetur da *scrupal* *no* a tri da tobairt de isna **coimpl*easc*aibh** ele & is imcub*aidh* e an aig*id* **fiabruis tersiana** {ms folio 98a3} acht muna bia imurcraigh ainnteasa ann &


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p.243



is mor fo~~d~~dhnus an aig*id* a*i*nmeasardachta na n-ae & na buigeacaire & easbaidh an totl*uithe* noch do-nitear o imurcaigh l*eann*a r*uaigh*. Et as tarbac e an aig*id* na ngutadh thic o teas*aideacht* & ni dl*eaghar* a tobairt 'na aenur gan cumasc maille re l*eiges*aib eli. Et not leat nac **scam*oni*a** e acht an uair bis se gan b*ear*b*adh* & an uair b*ear*btar e **diagreidium** a ainm. Et as guasachtach an l*eiges* so da tobairt oir ~~u~~ uair ann leanaidh se da taebaib an gaili & togairmidh fail & sceatrach & as olc e don lucht aga mbid ae t*easaide* da reir naduire *no* **aicidi** mar adubrumar.


242. **Saturateia**, **utimbra**: .i. **in sabraidh**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar linn & togairmidh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an **fual** & foiridh tinneas na n-inneadh. Pre*mh*a na l*uibhe* c*et*na da tobairt maille re mil & glanuigh an cliabh & an gaili ona leannaibh reamra righin. P*udur* na l*uibhe* c*et*na da tobairt *m*aille re mil & togairmigh an druis. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a coimilt don ceann d'eis a bearrtha & foirig **litairgia**. Et aderaid na dochtuire co fodhn*ann* na neiche so ara ceili .i. **taim** & **sabraedhe**.


243. **Sene**: teas*aide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & duill*ebar* crainn e & as bec folm*uig*eas & l*inn* d*ubh* & na l*eann*a righne air cheana as mo folm*uig*eas & fos tairrngidh ona ball*aibh*


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p.244



foirimill*each*a gurab uime sin fodnus an aig*id* mania & **melangcolia** & **quartana** & splenetica p*assio* .i. gal*ar* na s*eilge* & tsing*coipis* & **cardiaca** & teinnis na feitheudh & t-**sietica** & **artetica** {ms folio 98b2} & **potagra** & **sireagra** & a cosm*ail*e. Et gnath*aigh*mid an l*uibh* so da cur *a n-***oixim*el*aibh** & a **siroipib** & a ndeocaibh & a ceirinaib an aig*id* na n-easl*aintea*dh adubramur & as aml*aidh* geraidtear an l*eiges* l*actach* le so .i. (da ʒ) da unsa da seinne da cur inta & folmaig*id* na l*eann*a cinntaca mar sin co himcub*aidh*.


244. **Serbl*iadhna*um**: .i. **piletra**; teas*aide* tirim; a b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & urbruith da denamh dhe don ceann & foir*idh* an tinnis cinn tic o fuar*aideacht*. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & a ol & ic*aidh* teinneas na bronn tic o fuar*aideacht* & togairmigh an **fual** & an fuil m*ista*. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & lan leighi da tobairt dhe gac lae & osluigid duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar mil arna spumail & a ol & foirigh an sele f*ol*a. A b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a coimilt don edan & dona hairgibh & foir*igh* an tinneas cinn. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar sugh **licoirisi** & foir*idh* an **cosachtach**. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin maille re h-**ainis** & a ol & foirig gaetmuireacht{ms folio 98b3} an gaili. An l*uibh* so da brisidh maille re **Minntas** & re uormont & ceirin dibh da cur ar bel an gaili & foirig tinneas an gh*aili* & comfurtachtaigh an dil*eaghadh*.




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245. **Salisit**: .i. in t-**saileach**; f*uar* tir*im* sa ii ceim idir duill*ebar* & bl*ath* & crand. Bl*ath* an croinn so da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a coimilt do lucht ainnteasa an f*iabrasa* & furtachtaig*id* iat. Craeba an crainn so da cur as cinn leapa lucht a an f*iabrasa* & uisce fir-tibrad da crotadh aran easl*an* & {ms folio 99a1} ~~&~~ furtachtaig*id* e. Et as mor
comhfurtachtaigheas uisce bl*atha* an crainn so lucht **terciana** & **causoin** & fodnuigh duill*ebar* an crainn so a ceirinaibh fuartha da cosc neime & tineasa na mball amuil adubrumur romhuinn.




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p.246


246. **Spicanardi**: teas*aide* isin dara ceim & tirim isin iii c*eim* & bl*ath* crainn e noch da gabur san **Innia**. Et atait da gne air .i. **spica na*rdi*** & **spica celtica** & a cosm*ail*eas deisi eorna bis maille re deaghbaladh air. P*udur* **spica nardi** da cur ar fin & a ol & foir*idh* **sing*coipis*** & **cardiaca**. A b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce tibraidi & siucra da cur ann & furtachtaid lucht an fiabruis. Pud*ur* da denamh dhe & a bol*tanughadh* do ligin fon sroin & comfurtachtuig*id* an incinn. **Spica n*ardi*** da b*ear*b*adh* ar ola coitcinn & a cur a poll*aibh* na srona & folmaig*id* an rema on incinn co hoir*eda*. A*n* ni c*et*na da cur annsa cluais & foir*idh* an buigri. **Spica n*ardi*** do coimilt dona fiacl*aibh* & foir*idh* an brenan~~l~~alaighi. **Spica n*ardi*** da cur a sparan cael lin & a cur sa mbandacht & da-beir an **f*uil* m*ista*** {ms folio 99a2} & comfurtachtaig*id* an geneamhain. An pisairium c*et*na da cur san **timtireacht** & foirigh **teneasmon** & do-nit na Sarristine ola don crand so ara mbi **spica n*ardi*** & **olium nardinum** a hainm & as mor furtachtaigeas an craighi am*ail* ad*ubramur*.


247. **Sdrusium**: .i. **an praiseac buidhe*an***; t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & ata br*igh* seimhithi diureticach innti & is imcub*aidh* hi an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & s*eilge* & na buidheacuire & togairmigh an f*ual* & an **f*uil* m*ista***. Et as imcub*aidh* i an aig*id* na **cosachtaigi** do-nitear o
fuar*aideacht* & a b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & ar mil & a ol. Sugh


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duill*ebair* na l*uibhe* so & bainne cic & siucra g*eal* trit & ceirin de da cur aran aig*id* & glanaig hi o gach uili salcur & droch-dath bis uirre. Sugh na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* maille re ruib ar fin *no* ar lind *no* ar mil & ceirin de da cur uman ceann d'eis a bearrtha & foirig **litairgia**. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar eanbhruiti gobair & a ol & foir*idh* **litairgia** co deimhin.


248. **Sulfur**: .i. **raibh**; teas*aide* tir*im* isin {ms folio 99a3} iiii ceim & mitaill talm*uidh*e hi & a tirtaibh ro-t*easaide* tuismidtear hi. Tri *scrupaill* da raib da tobairt an uig buigh & foirigh an t-**asma** tic o fl*iuchaideacht*. **Sulfur** da cur ar smeroidibh dearga & a deathach da gabail sa mbel & foirigh easl*ainte* fuar an cl*eibh*. Item, gab ceir & ola choitceann & **an tathabha g*eal*** & bearbtar iat trit a celi & faisctear tri edac lin & curtar p*udur* raibhi innte & coimiltear don ceann & foirig gach uili car*r*uigi & foirig bruth na mball ele & ni dl*eaghar* a tabairt dona dainib tirma coil*erda* na dona dainibh 'ga mbi ucht cumhang. Fetar a tobairt co hinill da lucht l*eann*a f*inn*.


249. **Sol secium**, **sbonsa solis**, *?**eliotropia***, ***si*corea**, **ingcuba**, **uerucaria**: .i. **in rudus**; fuar tir*im* ata se& ni fadur a ceim a leabar **Pl*aitiairius*** & ase a ur fodhnas cum an l*eigis* & ata cotugh an aig*id* gac neimh ann & an gar*r*dha ana curtar e ni at aighid ainmighe neimhe ann.


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Ceirin don l*uibh* so ana haenur da cur ar greim na con confaidh & ni aith-eirghinn a*n* neim ana haitle. An l*uibh* so d'ol ar fin *no* ar lind & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Ceirin don l*uibh* so da cur arna faithnibh & foir*igh* iat. Bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so d'ol ar uisce co ceann ix la & foir*igh* an buidheacair. Ceirin don l*uibh* c*et*na da cur ari*n* neascoid re n-abur **antrax** & foirigh hi.


250. **Spodium**: .i. **cnaim na heil*ifinte***: f*uar* tir*im* sa iii ceim & ata br*igh* fritbuailteach cneasaidteach ann. An cnaim so da beith a nduine & coiscigh an ita. Casnaideac an cnaimhe so da tobairt ar sudh c*ruaiche* pa*draig* & coiscigh **flux na bronn** & a cur 'na ceirin arna pulsaibh & infuaraigh ainnteas {ms folio 99b2} na mball spir*adalta*. P*udur* an cnaimi c*et*na da cur *ar fin* dearg & coiscidh **flux disinteria** & **ematoica** & flux na f*ol*a m*ista* & **flux fola na srona**.


251. **Sticatos**: .i. **sian sleib*e*** ; t*easaide* tir*im* sa c*et* ceim & atait da ghne air .i. **sticatos citrinum** & **sticatos araibicum** & ase **sticatos citrinum** is fearr ann. A tirmugadh & beirigh a br*igh* bliadhain ann idir blath & duill*ebar* & ata br*igh* diureticach ann ona seimhe & br*igh* comfurtachta ona duill*ebar* no ona deagbaladh. Bl*ath* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin an aig*id* cumgaid an cl*eibh* &
fuar*aideachta* an ghaili & na n-innead & an aig*id* duinti na


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n-ae & na s*eilge* & an aig*id* **sdranguria** & **disuria** cona cosm*aile*.


252. **Satuirion**, **priamiscus**, **leporina**: .i. **an tulcan** & aderur **magarlin** ris & ata set*easaide* fl*iuch* sa iii c*eim*. Prema na luibe sin as imcub*aidh* cum an l*eigis* & bidh prema na l*uibhe* {ms folio 99b3} a cosm*ail*eas uirgidh ainmighi & gairtear trit sin **magarlin** de & as cumachtach mhedaigheas in sperma agna mnaibh & agna fearaibh & da-beir dat breigi ar aig*id* na mban rena coimilt dib. Prema na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & ar mil no ar **oix*imel*** & a ol gaca trata & foirig gal*ar* na n-alt.


253. **Sandaili**: fuar isin iii ceim & tir*im* sa ii ceim & gne do maidibh beca iat & atait tri gneithi orra .i. **sandaili ailbi** & dat g*eal* bis air & **sandalus ruibi** & dat r*uagh* bis air & **sandaili citrini** & dat buighi bis air & ase sin dat as fearr air {ms folio 100a1} & beirig a mbr*igh* da xx bl*iadhan* i ngac gne dib so. Et ata br*igh* comfurtachtaithe innta ona deagbaladh fein & br*igh* claecl*aithe* ona fuar*aideacht* gurab uime sin is mor fodhnus an aig*id* droch-coimpl*easc*a t*easaide* an f*iabrasa* & do cosc itan & ainnteasa na n-ae. P*udur* **sanndaili** da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & siucra da cur ann & bidh am*ail* **sir*oip*** & furtactaig*id* in tsir*oip* so na heasl*ainteadha* adubramur. P*udur* **sandaili** da cur an oiluigh **mandragora** & a coimilt don edan & togairmigh an
co*dlad* isna f*iabrasa* gera & furtachtaig*id* teinneas an


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cinn. Item, p*udur* **sand*aili*** da cumasc maille re sug **lactuca** & edac dearg da thuma ann & a cur ar druim na n-ae & coiscidh **flux f*ol*a na srona** ti ona haeib. P*udur* **sannduili** & **ola na roisi** & **finegra** da cumasc trit a ceili & etach dearg da tuma ann & a cur ar druim na n-ae & coiscidh a n-ainnteas. Item, cumaisctear an p*udur* c*et*na maille re huisce fertana & re **finegra** & etach da tuma ann & a cur ar bel an gaili & coiscidh an sceatrach. Item, p*udur* **sandali** da cumasc maille re sugh na c*ruaiche* pa*draig* & a cur arna n*eascoid*ib ana tosach{ms folio 100a2} & fritbuailig iat.


254. **Sdafisagria**: .i. sil luibe noc ata t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & tairngid l*inn* f*inn* on incinn & a cur fona
fiacl*aibh* & fodn*uigh* an aig*id* **litairgia**. P*udur* **stafisagria** da cur a poll*aibh* na srona & togairmid an tsraedach noc is cuis comfurtachtaig don incinn. **Sdaf*isagria*** da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & bolgam dhe do congmail sa bel & foirigh tuitim an t-**sine seaain**. P*udur* **staf*isagria*** da caitim maille re mil & marbaidh peiste na brond.


255. **Scolapendria**, **linga ceruina**: .i. **crimh m*uice* f*iadha***: teas*aide* tir*im* co measur*dh*a & as mor fodnus an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* oir ata br*igh* semithi discail*teach* ann. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & brisidh na clocha f*uail*. **Oiximel** da denumh don l*uibh* so & d'**finegra** & a ol


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co ceann da xx la & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & brisidh {ms folio 100a3} na cloca f*uail* & is mor fodhnus an t-**oixim*el*** so an aig*id* na buidheacuire.


256. **Stipica**: .i. gach luib ina fuil br*igh* **stipica** bidh fuar tir*im* co gnatach. Et asiat so na spisraidh & na guma ata **sdipicdha** .i. **gum araibi** & **spodium** & **sandaili ailbi & ruibi** & **mumia** & **bolus armenecus** & **maisdix** & croicinn na n-**uball ngrainneach** & **saingis dragoinis** .i. **fuil dreagain** & a cosm*ail*e. Et asiat so na l*uibh*e **stipeca** .i. **ueruena** & **plantagho** & **mentastrom** .i. **cartlann** & sud ~~g~~ **aipsinti** & sugh na **gluinighi bigi** & sug an **rosa deirg** {ms folio 100b1} & sugh
na n-**airneadh** n-anabaigh & sugh losa na franc & ipocistidos .i. lus na meacon & **rubia maidor** .i. **madra**.


257. **Sbaragius**: .i. **in modomhun**; t*easaide* tirim ata si & ata br*igh* diureticach innte & is imcub*aidh* an l*uibh* so an aig*id* duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. A cur a ceirinachaibh & an **uinnemintibh** an aig*id* teinnis an cinn & togairmigh an codl*adh* co demhin.


258. **Storax**: .i. gum crainn noch ata t*easaide* isa c*et* ceim & tir*im* sa ii ceim & as annsan **Innia** da gabar & ata br*igh* atairrngteac ann & ata fol*adh* reamar aigi & atait tri gneiti air .i. **storax licita** & in **Calabria** *do gabur e* & **storax calamita** & on focul G*reigise* darab ainm ‘calo’ aderur e & is inann ‘calo’ isin Greig*is* & maith isan Gaeidilg oir


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asi so gne as fearr don **storax** & storax ~~& storax~~ micor & as annsan **Innia** da gabur e & beirig {ms folio 100b2} a br*igh* x mbl*iadhna* an gach gne dibh so. **Storax** & **ros dearg** da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a fascadh tri edach lin & glanuig an incinn. Ceirin da ceir nua & do **storax** & d'ola coitcinn da cur ar bel an gaili & coisc*idh* an tinneas. **Pill*ule*** da denamh do **storax** & do mil & a congmail fo bun na 
teangadh & foiridh **catarrus**. **Storax** da cur ar smeroidib dearga & a deatach da ligin fon **macl*ac*** & togairmig an **f*uil* m*ista*** & foir*idh* **suficasio matrisis**. **Storax** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & an fin da congmail isin bel co fada & foir*idh* tuitim an t-**sine seain**. **Pill*ule*** da denamh don **storax** maille re mil & foir*idh* easlainte na mball spiradalta. Et as imcub*aidh* **storax** da cur an **uinnemintibh** & a tretaib an aig*id* na f*uaraideachta* oir coinnmigh a mbr*igh* innta da gnath. **S*torax*** da congmail fo bun na fiac*al* & daingnigh iat co ro- maith.


259. **Sompnus**: .i. **an co*dladh*** et as iat so na neithi togairmis an codladh .i. **papauer nigrum** {ms folio 100b3} .i. **popin dubh** & **opium** & **sugh gatfainne** & **mandragora** & **ros lacan** & uisce fuar & **teneagal** & **pisillium** & **portulaca** & a cosm*ail*e.


260. **Sitis**: .i. **an ita** et asiat so na neice coisceas an ita .i. siucra cainndi & trian **finegra** & da trian uisce & a congmail isan bel & **sisan eorna** ara mb*ear*btar **sail cuach**


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& **nonin** & **toirpin** & **teineagal** & **sil an tsamaigh ferna** & a cosmaile & fodnaig {ms folio 101a1} fos an aig*id* na hitan **gum araibi** & **oiximul diuretic*ach*** & uisce fuar da mheasc*adh* isin bhel co minic & uisce te d'ol & gan en red d'uisce fuar d'ol oir medaig*id* an t-uisce fuar an tart & laidigh an t-uisce te he amuil ader **Auidseanna**.


261. **Saluia**: .i. **saidsi**; teas*aide* tirim sa iii ceim & a duill*ebar* imcub*aidh*eas cum an l*eigis* & ase a hur as fearr & beirig a br*igh* bl*iadhain* innti & ata gne coill*idhe* don luib so re n-abar **eufatoirium** .i. **an ibair sleibe**. Et as mo an br*igh* diureticach san **ib*air* sleibe** na sa **saidsi**. Ata annsa **saidsi** br*igh* comfurtachtach cnaidteac discail*teach* & is mor comfurtachtaideas an l*uibh* so na feithe am*ail* do-ni an **castoirium**. **Saitsi** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a tobairt do lucht na **pairilisi** & **eipil*ensi*a** & comfurtachtaig*id* co mor iat. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & ceirin da cur dhe uma*n* mball ara mbia crith & foirigh e. **Sug saitsi** da cur a sabus *no* a mbiadaibh ele & a caitim du lucht na **pairil*isi***. & **eipil*ensia*** & is mor tarbaideas doibh. **Duill*ebar* saitsi** da cur a fotracad an aig*id* **stranguria** & **disuria** & furtachtaigidh {ms folio 101a2} iat & glanuidh an **macl*ac***. **Sug saitsi** *no* a p*udur* da cur a sabhsaibh & meduig*id* an br*igh* totl*uighthe*. Item, gabh **piletra** & **saitsi** & **finegra** & becan pibuir & caitear & glanuidh an galli ona l*eann*aibh reamra. Urbruith da denam da duill*ebar* an t-**saitsi** innarbaidh an togluasacht. An


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l*uibh* so da cur ar greim na con confuigh & foirigh e. A cur arna cn*eadh*aib & coisc*idh* a tilgin f*ol*a. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirig an tsean-**cosachtach**. **Saitsi** d'ol ar fin & glanuig an **macl*ac*** & foirigh tinneas na **slaiti fearrda**.


262. **Sauina**, **bracteos**: .i. **liathan locadh**; t*easaide* tir*im* sa treas ceim & a duill*ebar* as imcub*aidh*e cum an l*eigis* & beirig a br*igh* bl*iadhain* ann & ata br*igh* seimhiti ann. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & furtachtaidh teinneas an gaili & na n-inneadh noch thic o fuar*aideacht* & an cleibh mar an c*et*na. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & fodnuidh an aig*idh* **stranguria**. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & togairmigh an **f*uil* m*ista*** & an togluasacht. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & a deatach da licin fon **timtireacht** & foirig{ms folio 101a3} **teneasmon** & bolga an **daergal*air***. A bol*tanughadh* da gabail fon sroin co minic & comfurtachtaig*id* an incinn. Item, g*abh* barr minntais & **liathan loca** & **saitse** & caitear iat maille re **salunn** & comedaidh thu ona heasl*aint*ibh fuara & on **pairil*is*** co hairithee.
1. Do deascaib an fina
2. don **terra sigilata**
3. don tuirbit
4. don cruitneacht
5. dona briscl*ain*
6. don ferban


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9. do lin in damain all*aidh*
10. don **terpintina**
11. da tamuiriscus
12. don tamuirendi
13. da maetanaib na fineamna.



263. **Tartarum**: .i. **deascaidh an fina**{ms folio 101a4}; t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & folmaig*id* l*inn* finn & na l*eann*a righne air ceana & is tar*bhach e* {ms folio 101b1} an aig*id* na n-easl*aint*eadh fuar do-nitear ona l*eann*aibh reamra. Et ata br*igh* cr*eacht*naithe na n-inneadh innte gurab uime sin nac dl*eaghar* a tobairt 'na aenur gan neiche ele maille ris. A tirm*ughadh* & a cur isna cn*eadh*aibh fl*iuch*a & tirmaig*id* iat. P*udur* da denamh dib & a tabairt dona dainib ro- reamra & traetaigh a reimhe imurcach. Unsa co leith dib da tabairt maille re mil arna spumail & lagaidh deich n-uaire amuil adubrumar.


264. **Terra sigilata**, **terra Sarasenica**, **argentaria**: .i. **an talamh selaithi** & aderaid drong eli an tal*amh* Sarristineach ris & ata se f*uar* tir*im* & bigh amuil cloic & sela ann am*ail* crois. Et ata an br*igh* fastuiteac co mor and. Becan do p*udur* an tal*aimh* so da cumasc maille re g*eal*an *uighe* & a cur fon edan & cois*cidh* **flux f*ol*a na srona**. An p*udur* c*et*na maille re sugh sraidium *leg. sráidín* da cur isin sroin & coiscid an flux c*et*na. Ceirin don p*udur* c*et*na maille re h-**olaig na roisi** & re


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g*eal*an *uighe* & re **finegra** da cur arin **imlican** & coisc*idh* gac uile {ms folio 101b2} **flux bronn**. An ceirin c*et*na da cur ar bel an gaile & coisc*idh* an sceatrach. An ceirin c*et*na da cur umna haltaib & coiscidh silead an rema cucu. An aig*id* aitt na cos **artamesia** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *& in p*udur* c*et*na do cur air & foirid iat* . Et an p*udur* c*et*na da cur ar uisce mbog & a coimilt don ceann a haitle a foilce & do-ni folt min deagh-datha air neach.


265. **Tuirbit**: t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii ceim & prema crainn e noc fasas san **Inniadh** & folmaig*id* l*inn* f*inn* & ata br*igh* aitairngteach ann & as tarbach e an aig*id* **coilica** & gac uili gal*air* na n-alt & geraidh se gach uili purgoid folm*uig*eas l*inn* f*inn*. P*udur* da denamh dhe & a cur isna cn*eadh*aibh & cneasaigh iat & foirig linnidha & ainmfeoil na cneadh & as de so do-nitear an **lictabaire** darub ainm ~~darub ainm~~ **diatuirbiti** & ni dl*eaghar* ni is mo na *dragmae* ii ~~da *dragmae*~~ da tobairt de so.


266. **Triticum**: .i. **an cruitneact**; {ms folio 101b3} teas*aide* isin c*et* ceim & fl*iuch* co measurdha a m*edon* an ii ceim. Et examlaidtear an cruitneacht da r*eir* egsamlacht na n-aimsir ana curtar hi oir adeir **Isac** an cr*uitneacht* curtar san earrach & isin fodhmur da beit co measardha an aithfegad na n-aimsir ele. Et examailtear an cr*uitneacht* da r*eir* a hoigi *no* a harrsaideachta oir adeir **Isac** an tsean-cr*uitneacht* as bec oileas as do-dil*eaghtha* hi oir


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cnaigtear a fl*iuchaideacht* n*adurtha* on arrsaideacht & medaidtear a tirmuideacht aicideac & an tan bis idir a hoigi 'sa harrsaideacht as ann as fearr hi da r*eir* **Isac** oir an tan bhis ur big imarcaidh fl*iuchaideachta* innti & rann talmaigeachta innus co tulsmidtear gaetmuireaccht isin {ms folio 102a1} gaili ona dil*eaghadh*. Et an t-aran do-nitear don cr*uitneacht* gloin ata se t*easaide* tir*im* isan ii ceim oir gabuidh se t*easaideacht* on tene cuice & an sugh do-nitear don cr*uitneacht* ata br*igh* glanta an cleibh & na scaman ann & minig*id* gairbhi an gotha. Et fedtar sisan do denamh dhi am*ail* do-nitear don eorna & is mor fodnus sisan na cr*uitneachta* da chosc an **fluxa** & **sisan na heorna** da chosc na **cosachtaighi**. Cruithneacht da brisidh & a b*ear*b*adh* maille re hola & foiridh na n*eascoid* cruaighi. Cr*uithneacht* da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce maille re ruib & a brisidh ana haitle & ceirin di da cur arna cicibh & foiridh a cruas & a tinnes. Cr*uitneacht* arna brisidh da b*ear*b*adh* ar **sug gafainne** & ceirin de umna haltaibh & coisc*idh* sil*eadh* an adbuir cucu. Gran cruitneachta arna cognamh da cur ar greim na con confuigh & ni denann urcoid ina haitli & is mo oilis an cruitneacht fasas isan fearann meth na *a*n cruitneacht fasas isin fearann truag. Et ata bran na cruitneachta t*easaide* tir*im* co measardha & ata br*igh* glanta ann. **Sisan** da denamh don bran so & glanuigh {ms folio 102a2} an cliabh ona l*eann*aib reamra righin.




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267. **Tanasetum agreste**: .i. **na briscl*ain***: f*uar* tir*im* & ni fadur a ceim a leabar **Pl*aitiairius*** & is mor fodhnus an aig*id* **fluxa na bronn**. A mbrisid & g*eal*an *uighe* *no* barr bainne da cur trit & foir*idh* ainnteas na mball. Pre*m*a na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin dearg & a ol & foirigh galur na mban. Ceirin don l*uibh* c*et*na maille re g*eal*an *uighe* da cur fona hairgibh & foir*idh* an teinneas cinn tic o t*easaideacht*.


268. **Tapsia**: .i. **an fearban**:
 t*easaide* tir*im* san iii c*eim* & beirigh a brigh ann co ceann tri mbl*iadhain* & togairmigh an scetrach co hoir*eda* & **flux na bronn** co tan*aiste*. Item, bristear an l*uibh* so co maith & b*ear*btar hi & foirig an **potagra**. Et ata br*igh* a~~tai~~tairrngteac na l*eann*ann a hinmedon an cuirp cum na mball foirimill*each* innti. Item, g*abh* **finegra** & an **uinnemint** darub ainm **pupulion** & {ms folio 102a3} **sugh midhaighi** & sugh na l*uibhe* so & **plur mine eorna** & bainne cic cumasctar co cudruma & curtar 'na ceirin umna haltaibh foirig artetica & **potagra** & **sireagra** & gac uili easl*ainte* na feiteadh tic o f*uaraideacht*.


269. **Tela rania**: .i. **lin an damain all*aidh***: f*uar* tir*im* & ata br*igh* fostoigteach ann & coisc*idh* sil*eadh* fola na cn*eadh* cneasaig*id* amuil adubrumar.




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270. **Terpintina**: .i. gum crainn noc ata t*easaide* tir*im* & beirig a br*igh* c*et* bl*iadhan* ann & ata br*igh* discail*teach* aipidteac boctach ann. **Terpintina** maille re **min eorna** da cur a ceirinaibh {ms folio 102b1} & aipig*id* na n*eascoid*e fuara & discail*idh* an t-adbhar. **Terpintina** da cur ar smeroidibh dearga & a deatach da licin fon **timtireacht** & foirig builg an **daer-galair**. An deathac c*et*na da licin fon mnai & foirig **suficas*io* m*atricis*** & **presuficasio m*atricis***.


271. **Tamariscus**: .i. croiceann crainn fasas annsan **Innia** & ata t*easaide* tir*im* da reir **A*vicenna*** & ata br*igh* diureticach glantach ann & is tarbac e an aig*id* galair na selgi & **stranguria** & **disuria** & **coil*ica*** & **il*ica***. P*udur* an croinn reamhraiti da cur ar biadaib no ar deocaibh & do-ni furtacht an aig*id* na n-easl*ainteadh* adubramur.


272. **Tamuirindi**, **oxifencia**, **dactilus asetosus**, ***dactilus* indicus**: toradh crainn; f*uar* tir*im*. leat astigh don ii ceim & folmaig*id* l*inn* r*uagh* co hoir*eda* & na l*eann*a loisce eli co tan*aiste* oir folmaig*id* l*inn* r*uagh* on gaili & ona hinnibh & ona haeibh & as imcub*aidh* e an aig*id* na buidheacuire & duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & an aig*id* **tersiana**. Sug **fumiter** & **tamuirendi** da tobairt da {ms folio 102b2} ol & foirigh an brut bis arin croicinn & an carr*aighe* am*uil* adubrumuir.




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273. **Turio uitis**: .i. **maetain na fineamhna** & maethain gach uili crainn & gac uili l*uibhe* & fetar an t-ainm so do rad riu. Maetain na fineamhna da cur a sabsaib & calmuig an br*igh* totl*aighth*each. Maetain ~~na ndrisi~~ na ndrisidh maille re g*eal*an *uighe* c*ir*ce da cur trit & a cur arna
suilib & coisc*idh* a teasbach & a tinneas *&* a ndera. Maetain na darach ata br*ig* **stipicdha** coirtiteac indta.
1. Don uernix
2. don ueruena
3. don tsail c*uach*
4. da lus na leadan
5. don gloini
6. do caera na f*ineamhna*
{ms folio 102b3}
8. don fin
9. don neim
10. don broinn
11. dona peistib
12. don radarc
13. don scetraig
14. dona neithib loisceas.



274. **Uernix**, **bernix**, **elasia**: .i. gum croinn *no*c ata f*uar* tir*im* sa ii ceim & atait tri gneiti air .i. g*ne* buighe & gne r*uagh* & g*ne* geal & asi an g*ne* geal solus is fearr dibh & ata br*igh* ceangailteac dlutaidteac na n-uili datann ann



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oir ase cuirid na **peinntiuraig** tar eis gach datha arna dealbaibh oir da-beir a dat fein da gac dat dibh & bid solus loinnearda uadha. **Uernix** & **duis** *leg. tuis* & g*eal*an *uighe* c*ir*ce da cur ar bel an gaile & coisc*idh* gac uile sceatrac. Et coisc*idh* p*udur* an guma so gac uili **flux**. An {ms folio 102b4} gum c*et*na do coimelt don **ceir** & beirigh a br*igh* innti c*et* bl*iadhan* gan truaillead.


275. **Ueruena**, **herba Ueneris**, **peristeron**: teas*aide* tirim ata si & is treisi a tirm*aid*eacht {ms folio 103a1} na a teas*aideacht*. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & a ol & foirigh neimh leadartha no con confuigh & an l*uibh* fein 'na ceirin. Sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na do congmail isin bel & foirigh an galar beil. Duille*bar* na l*uibhe* so da cur isna cn*eadh*aib dearga & foir*idh* iat. An l*uibh* c*et*na d'ol ar fin *no* ar linn an aig*id* gach uili neimhe. Tri premha & tri duill*eadha* don luibh so da buain & paidir re gac nduill*e* & re gach premh & a ol ar uisce srotho & foir*idh* ~~ter~~ **tersiana**. Ceitri duill*eadha* & iiii prema da buain mar an c*et*na & a ol roimh **aix*is*** **quartana** & ic*aidh* e. **Ueruena** da beit ad laimh a dul d'fis t'otair & fiarfaig dhe cinnus ata & da n-ab*ra* co mbia co maith tiucfaid as & da n-ab*ra* co mbi co holc racaidh d'eag. An l*uibh* so do b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar midh an aig*id* gach uili easl*ainte* thic o f*uaraideacht* an gaili *no* an cleib & is tarbach fodhnus doibh. **Ueruena** & **bitoine** & **atair talman** & a


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coimilt ar uisce & a ol ar c*et* longadh gac lae & brisigh an cloc fuail gan amurus.


276. **Uiola**: .i. in **sail cuach**; f*uar* a tosac {ms folio 103a2} an c*et* ceim e & fl*iuch* a ndeireadh an ii c*eim*. A tirmug*ad* & beirig a br*igh* da bl*iadhain* innte & as fearr a buain gacha bl*iadhain*. Et as do bl*ath* **uiola** & do siucra do-nitear siucra **uiolasium** & as don bl*ath* c*et*na & do mhil do-nitear mil **uiolasium** *& don bl*ath* c*et*na & d'olaigh do-nitear ola uiolasium* . Et cebe acu bus ailt da denamh cuir an bl*ath* ~~an bl*ath*~~ annsa mhil no san ola no sa siucra & lic ann eadh d'aimsir & faisc ina haitli & bidh mar adubrumur. Et as aml*aidh* do-nitear **sir*oip*** na **uiola** .i. bl*ath* na **uiola** da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & an uair bus f*uar* e siucra da cur ann & is imcub*aidh* an tsir*oip* sin an aig*id* na n-easl*aint*ead t*easaide*. Deanamh ele uirre .i. blat **uiole** da cur an uisce re feadh oidche & a sitlodh arna maireach & siucra da cur innte & bidh 'na **sir*oip***. Denum eli uirre .i. bl*ath* na **uiole** da brisidh & a cur maille re hol*aigh* a soit*each* gloine re grein an aimsir samraigh re v laeib deag & bidh 'na holaigh togaidhi & furtachtaig*id* an ola so gac uili droch-coimpl*easc* t*easaide* an cuirp. Ola na **uiole** do coimilt don edan & dona hairgibh & ic*aidh* teinneas an cinn {ms folio 103a3} noc thic o teas*aideacht*. Et at ait iiii br*igh*a isan olaid so .i. miniug*ad* na neitid ngarb & innfuar*adh* na neiteadh teas*aide* & bogad na neiteadh cruaigh & in stupail & an ceangal bis arna hinnib da ladh. **Uiola**


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maill*e re* g*eal*an *uighe* da cur umna n*eascoid*ib t*easaide* & fritbuailigh iat ana tosach. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & na cosa & an aig*id* d'innlad as & togairmig an co*dlad*. Tuic leat gurab cora in **uiola** da b*ear*b*adh* cum **sir*oip*** da denamh dhi na *a*n ros oir ata fl*iuchaideacht* righin do-discailti innti & fl*iuchaideacht* so-scail*te* silteac ata san ros. **Uiola** da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a ol & coisc*idh* an laitirt *no* a bol*tanughadh* do cur fon sroin & do-ni mar an c*et*na. Et adeir **M*a*cer** an **uiola** ara mbi bl*ath* doinn-dearg gurab imcub*aidh* hi an aig*id* **epil*ensi*a**.


Item, bl*ath* **uiole** & **croch** & **mirr** do cumasc trit a ceili & a cur arna suilibh & foirigh att & deirgi na sul. Item, **sail c*uach*** da brisidh & a cumusc {ms folio 103b1} maille re mil & re **finegra** & a coimilt don ceann deis a bearrtha & ic*aidh* a bruth & a salcur. An l*uibh* so da cur ar licc the & a cur mar sin arin at & coisc*idh* a neimh & a teinneas. An l*uibh* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & a deatach da licin fon **macl*ac*** & foirid cr*eacht*a in **macluig**. Sil na l*uibhe* so da tabairt ar fin & gl*anaidh* an **f*uil* m*ista***. Ceirin don l*uibh* so da cur arin **potagra** tic o teas*aideacht* & foirigh. An l*uibh* so d'ol ar uisce & innarbaig l*inn* r*uagh* bis annsa gaili. An l*uibh* c*et*na da b*ear*b*adh* ar meadg an aig*id* **pleurisisi** & perpl*eu*m*onia*[39](javascript:footNote('G600005/note039.html')) & gac uili easl*ainte* an cl*eibh*. **Ola na uiola** da coimilt da cliabh na leanam mbec & ic*aidh* an **cosachtach**. Sugh na l*uibhe* c*et*na da cur bog sa cluais & foirigh torman na cluas noc tic o t*easaideacht*. Sug na l*uibhe* so d'ol ar c*et* longad & marbaig na peisti. An


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l*uibh* so do tobairt ar c*et* longad ar fin da duine o teit a urlabra & foirig e mar adubrumuir.


277. **Uirga pastoris**, **osaragi**: .i. **lus na leadan min**: f*uar* tir*im* & ni fadur {ms folio 103b2} a ceim & ata br*igh* fostoiteac innti & is imcub*aid* hi an aigidh **flux na bronn**. Ceirin don l*uibh* so maille re g*eal*an *uighe* & re **min eorna** arin **imlican** & coisc*idh* **flux bronn**. P*udur* na l*uibhe*c*et*na da tabairt *a n-*uig bhuig & coisc*idh* **flux na bronn**. Ceirin don luibh so maille re g*eal*an *uighe* c*ir*ce da cur arin **teinigh dhiadh** & foirig hi. Ceirin don l*uibh* c*et*na da cur arin ceann & furtachtaig*id* an aig*id* **frenisise**.


278. **Uitrum**: .i. **an gloine**; f*uar* sa c*et* ceim & tir*im* sa ii c*eim*. P*udur* na gloine maille re h-**ola na cno francach** da cur fon ceann & foirig gac uili carraighe. P*udur* gl*oine* maille re serpentina [40](javascript:footNote('G600005/note040.html')) da cumasc trit a ceili & foirig bruth an croicinn & a coimilt de. Item, bl*ath* na smer & p*udur* gl*oine* & **ola na roisi** & a cumusc trit a ceili & a cur ar **morfia** & fuiliug*ad* air roime & foirigh e gan amurus da r*eir* **Pl*aitiairius***. P*udur* ro-min gl*oine* da cumusc maille re **sugh feinel** & a cur {ms folio 103b3} fon suil & scrisaig **f*inn* na sul**.


279. **Uua**: .i. **caera na fineamna**; t*easaide* fl*iuch* iat acht muna cl*aechlaigh*i fonn *no* tir a n-aic*ned* & adeir **Isag** co tuismidhit fuil glan & co tiagaid tar na huili toradh acht


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amain na hubl*a* figi & adeir **Isac** co n-examhailtear iat a 4 fol*adh*aib .i. a cnaime, f*uar* tir*im* & a sugh, t*easaide* fl*iuch* & a n-eithneadha, t*easaide* tir*im* & a croicinn, f*uar* tir*im* fos & adeir **G*alienus*** gurab inann oibr*iughadh* croicinn na risine & oibriug*ad* croicinn na caer so oir atait do-dil*eaghtha* gaetmur & adeir **Isac** co coiscinn caera na fineamna meisce an fina & gach meisce tic co hobann is gairid bis ar neach & gach meisce tic co rigin is fada bis ar neach mar adubrumar.


280. **Uinum**: .i. **in fin**; teas*aide* tirim ata se & as mor oilis an corp & coimedus an tsl*ainte* & a ol co measurdha da reir **Isac** in Dietis Uineuersalibus & calmuig*id* se br*igh* dil*eaghtha* an gaili & na n-ae & na mball co huilighe oir adeir **G*alienus*** na briatra so a Leabar Choimeda na Sl*ainte*: ‘Imposibile est accionem uirtutis digestiue confurtairi absce uino’ .i. ni fedtar oibr*iughadh* na br*ighe* dil*eaghtha* da calmugh*adh* co foirfi an uair anbainnidhtear hi gan fin oir ni fetar biadh no deoch as mo calmuigeas an br*igh* n*adura* & an br*igh* dil*eaghtha* na *a*n fin oir comhaentaighidh a teas risin teas n*adura* & a fl*iuchaideacht* risna fl*iuchaideachtaibh* n*adura*. Et intaig*id* co hurusa a fuil ro-glain & meduig*id* na sp*iraid* & glanuig se an fual ~~leg. fuil~~ & osluigidh duinte na n-ae & na s*eilge* glanuig na suili & indarbaidh bron & toirrsi
on craige & calmuig*id* na baill co huil*idhe*. Ni headh


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amain acht calmuig*id* an t-anam oir cl*aech*l*aidh* bron cumha & toirrsi & meduigid an forbailteacus & comfurtachtaig{ms folio 104a2} an t-anum chum aitrigi & chum diadachta & da-beir beodacht & arrachtus do neoc & is follus da r*eir* **Isacc** co n dl*eaghar* an fin da tobairt an gac ais & an gac aimsir & an gac coimpl*easc* & fhonn da r*eir* mar fuilngeas an n*aduir* e da r*eir* meide *no* loidhed. Et adeir **Isac** gurub mo dl*eaghaid* na macaim & na daine oga an fin d'ol naid na seann-daini oir gemad imcub*aid* doib e da r*eir* a coimpl*easc*a ni fuilngteac a n-incinn air da r*eir* anmaindi na br*igh*i ainmigi acu & buigi a feiteadh. Et as ecsamuil oibr*igh*is an fin isna haesaibh da r*eir* **Isac** oir mar l*eiges* amain dl*eaghar* a tobairt dona seann-dainibh & mar biadh dona dainibh oga & mar biadh & mar l*eiges* dona macamhaibh. A beith mar l*eiges* dona seann-dainibh ise as adbar do .i. teas*aideacht* an fina ag fritcathug*adh* an aig*id* f*uaraideachta* na haisi. A beit mar biadh dona dainibh oga ise as adbar do .i. gurab inann coimpl*easc* & n*aduir* doib da r*eir* t*easaideacht*a ceachtair dibh & gurab ona cosmuilis do-nitear a n-aileamhaint. A beit mar biadh & mar l*eiges* dona {ms folio 104a3} leanmaibh ise as adbar dho oir nir coimlinadh a teas nait a mbr*igh*a nait a mbaill co foirfe & ata a fl*iuchaideacht* co himurcach mar adubrumar & certaig an fin na neithi sin & as ullamh e da dul *a n-*oil*eamhaint* na mball. An aimsir geimrigh & a fonn fuar dl*eaghar* an fin da tobairt a meid mhoir. An aimsir samraigh & a fonn t*easaide* dl*eaghar* a cumasc maille re


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huisgi oir beirigh seimhideacht an fhina an t-uisce an inmedon na mball da n-innfuaradh & da fl*iuchadh*. Et examuiltear an fin da r*eir* aisi .i. fin nua en bl*iadhain* amain & fin arrsaig o iiii bl*iadhna* co vii mbl*iadhna* & fin medonac o da mbl*iadhain* co iiii bl*iadhna*. An fin nua vero ata se t*easaide* fl*iuch* sa c*et* ceim gurab uime sin as mor fodnus an aig*id* na fuar*aideachta* & idir na huili deoch asi so is mo teit an oil*eamhaint* na mball da r*eir* **Isacc** {ms folio 104b1} & gedeadh tuismidhtear droc-l*eann*a truaill*idhe* uadha & gaetmuireacht isan gaili & isna hinnibh oir adeir **G*alienus*** nach fedann an fin ur an biadh da breit leis cum na mball. An fin arrsaigh vero ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa iii c*eim* & ata serbi ann & as bec oilis & is luat teit sa ceann & comhbualgris na c*et*f*adh*a da n-eabur co mi-n*adura* he acht muna bia arna cumusc maille re huisce ngl*an* & *sechnadh* an luct aga mbid na c*et*fadh*a* ro-gera & na feithe anmunna an fin so acht muna b*eadh* an fin maille re moran fl*iuchaideachta* noc fedus fritcatug*ad* an aig*id* geraideachta & ro-teasaideacht an fina. An fin medonac vero ata se t*easaide* tir*im* sa ii ceim & ase imcub*aidheas* da gac uili ais & aimsir & coimpl*easc* da tuctar co measardha he.


281. **Uenenum**: .i. **in nemh** & as iat so na neichi frithcataidhius {ms folio 104b2} an aig*id* na neimhe mar ata feol natrach i*n* neimhe & **cailmint** & **sugh praisce coblain** & **orobus** .i. **pis *en*ain** & **ipericon** .i. **bithnua** & **ceclamen**


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.i. **cularan** & **euforbium** & **salund** & **ruibh** & **gaill bilur** & **stoinsi fada** & eitneadha na **cno francac** & a caitimh maille re **ruibh** & **sparagus** cona sil & **balsumum** & **finegra** & fuil **mil muige** & bainne asail no lara & uirghi fiadha & **gairleog** & **litronta** & a cosm*ail*e.


282. **Uenter**: .i. **an bru** & is iad so na neice coisceas **flux na brond** & dl*ighi*dh na neice sin beit t*easaide* tir*im* maille re fol*adh* reamur .i. **cruel dearg** & **terra sigilata**
.i. **talamh selaithi** & **bolus armenicus** .i. **uir slebe armenea** & **sraidin** & **prema niamhnaite** & **eidhinn na crann** & **crann na spinan** & **croiceann fuinnseoigi** & prema na tri ndrisidh & **cru*ach* pa*draig*** & **sugh na n-airneadh n-an-abaigh** & **galla** & **sugh sailigi** {ms folio 104b3} 
& **dragantum** & **gum araibi** & **meanadach** & **ailim** & **ui*r*go pastoiris** & **pentafilon** & fuil **coluim** & **luait adhuirce bo** & **findfadh mil ar ndenamh p*uduir* dhe** & **luaith congna fiadha** & a cosmaili.


283. **Uermis**: .i. **na peiste** & as iat so na neice marbus na peiste mar at*a* **ambra** **aibsint** & **surramant** & **stoinsi** & **garleog** & **ruibh** & **Minntas** & **gaill bilur** & cartland & **mirr** & dedga dearg & **tim** & **puliol ruibel** & **carauaigh** & **cogal** & co hairiti na neici marbus na mila.


284. **Uisus**: .i. **an radurc** & as iat so na neithi ghlanus an **radarc** mar ata **aloeis** & **ruibh** & **berberis** & {ms folio 105a1} **popin g*eal*** & **ailim** & **tuisia** & **selidonia** & sugh **centauria** & sug


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**fenegrecum** & **gaill bilar** & **luaith fialtoige** & **domblas ae** gach uili ainmighi & co hainmidteac **domblas ae** **an ilair** & blath umha & umha loisce & a cosmuili.


285. **Uomitibus**: .i. **in sceatrach** & is iat so na neichi togairmis an sceatrach mar ata bun **fearbain** & gran oililla & an **tatabha g*eal*** & sil **elefreoigi** & **sil ragaim**. Et as iat so na neithi comsuig*igthi* togairmis an sceatrach mar ata **oixim*el*** & **sir*oip* aigeidithi** & sugh prem rusc an truim. Et as iat so na neici tairmiscus an sceatrach am*ail* atait ceirinaca **sdipecdha** da cur ar bel an gaili dona neicib so .i. **maisdix** & **olibanum** & **gum araibhi** & **mas** & **spoidium** & **nus muscata** & **gailingan** & na neichi so da b*ear*b*adh* ar **finegra** & edach lin arna dublad re iii cuartaibh da cur ann & a chur ar bel an gaili. Item, g*abh* ros & **mirr** & sugh **campora** & **sug slanlosa** & **sugh ueruena** & **sugh minntais** & cumaiscthear {ms folio 105a2} na sugha so maille re haran g*eal* arna rostadh & curtar ar bel an gaile & coiscidh an sceatrach amuil adubrumar.


286. **Uritiua**: .i. na neiche aga fuil br*igh* loisceach amuil ata **peletra** & **sdafis aigria** & **pibar d*ubh*** & **musdard** & **gairl*eog*** & ael ur & glaiser lena & bainne gearr na heigmhe & aibill uisce & premha teneadh talman & barr neannta gan brisidh & a cosmuile.



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1. Don **cuilinn tragha**
2. d'uisceamhlacht na fola
3. don uisce
4. don **iarapigra **G*alieni*****.



287. **Yringi**, **socacul**: .i. an **cuilinn traga**; t*easaide* fl*iuch* ata se & as mor comhfurtachtaideas a prema an dil*eaghadh* & osluigidh duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge*. Pre*mh* na l*uibhe* so da b*ear*b*adh* ar uisce & pinginneda beca da denamh dibh & a mbrisidh co min a moirtel & a mb*ear*b*adh* ar mil arna spumail {ms folio 105a3} *no* co mbia tiugh a ngne **lictabaire** & curtar na p*uduir* so ann .i. pudur **gailingain** & **seinnser** & **nutamuic** & **cainel** & **calamus aromaticus** & **mas** & **cubebis** & **sil ainede** & **ainisi** ar ndenam p*uduir* dibh & curtar iat isin **lictabaire** c*et*na & ise as ainm dhi **diaeringe**. Item, dentar an deoch so an aig*id* gal*air* na n-arunn & duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* .i. g*abh* *lan* duirn da premaib na l*uibhe* so & prema **feinel** & **persille** & **egrime** & **meirsi** & prema **milb*ocain*** & crimh m*uice* fi*adha* & d*ubh*cosach ur & easbog beoain & premh buathfaillain l*iath* & airgead luacra {ms folio 105b1} & barr **cailmint** & **saitsi** & **ros dearg** co mor d*a* g*ach* n*i* & b*ear*btar iat ar braitlis maith no ar *a*n digh re n-abur **mulsa** .i. ocht rainn d'uisce & an ix rann do mil & curtar p*udur* na siltadh so san fiuchadh ndeirinnach .i. p*udur* sil **feineil** & **persilli** & **egrime** & **elistroint** & sil **cularain** & gaill eigrimhe & b*eir*b no go ndeaca an iiii cuit fai & sitailtear co maith & glantar le



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mil & le siucra & curtar p*udur* **licoirisi** & curtar **g*abh*ail** innti & eabur mocrac & re laighe & glanuig an deoch so an macl*ac* & na hairni & ullmaig*id* chum na geneamhna & glanuigh an breith & osluigid duinti na n-ae & na s*eilge* & na n-arann & medaig*id* an toil & an sperma & comfurtachtaig*id* an di*leaghadh*. Item, an l*uibh* c*et*na maille re **min eorna** no maille re **minen muiri** da b*ear*b*adh* ar fin & foirig **stranguria** & **disuria** & is imcub*aidh* hi an aig*id* na heasl*ainte* re n-abar **diabeitis** am*ail* adubrumar.


288. **Ycor**: .i. **uisceamlacht na fola** {ms folio 105b2}{ms folio 105b2} & adeir **G*alienus*** braen don fuil da chur ar t'ingin a haitle na cuisl*inne* & da scaili ar th' ingin ata an fuil sin maille re huisceamlacht & muna scaili is deagh-comurtha da leit na f*ol*a & is di-mola sin a follamnug*adh* na slainti oir sig*nidh* imdug*adh* na l*eann*ann neimh-dil*eaghtha* sa corp.


289. **Ydor**: .i. an t-uisce & adeir **Ip*ocras*** & **G*alienus*** co fuil se arna comhsuig*iughadh* o dha chail aenda .i. o f*uaraideacht* & o fl*iuchaideacht* & nac tabair medug*adh* na oil*eamhaint* don corp acht muna bia arna chomsuigi*ughadh* maill*e re* neitibh eli. Ata fritcath*ughadh* aigi re gach uili ni ata maille re teas*aideacht* & re tirm*aid*eacht & gac ni aga fuil an frithchathughadh so re teas*aideacht* & re tirmaideacht ni fedann se oil*eamhaint* da tobairt don corp oir mar mucas an t-uisce an tene *no* mar mucas an t-soillsi an dorcact as mar sin mucas an t-uisce an teas n*adura*. Et 


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as aml*aidh* ata an t-uisce co haenda & an corp comsuig*ighthe*: ni hoiltear ni acht ona cosm*ail*eas {ms folio 105b3} fein. Mas*eadh* o nach fuil cosmhuileas ag an uisce risin corp ni hoiltear an corp uada am*ail* adeir **G*alienus***. Et gach ni comsuig*ighthe* as aigi ata fas & foirbt*iugadh* & a contrara so ata isna neithib aenda, mas*eadh* o ta an t- uisce aenndha ni hoiltear uadha. Da dearbad gurab ni aenda an t-uisce da r*eir* ***Isac*** oir gac ni comsuig*ighthe* *adeir co fuil* blas & bal*adh* air & as follus nach fuil bias na baladh aran uisce, mas*eadh* as ni aenda he.


290. **Yarapigra Galieni**[41](javascript:footNote('G600005/note041.html')): .i. comhsuig*iughadh* uasal da ordaigh **Gailiden** & as inann ‘iara’ isin **Greig** & ‘sacra’ co Laidianta & is inann ‘sacra’ asin **Laidin** & ni coisreactha asin **Gaeidilc** oir as beannaithi coisreaca an l*eiges* so chum easlainti an chinn oir folmaigh l*inn* f*inn* & l*inn* d*ubh* gurab airi sin as imcub*aidh* e an aig*id* **eipil*ensia*** & **apopl*exi*a** & **melangcoilia** & **mainia** & **emagrainia** & **scotomia** & **uertigho** & **cefaili** & coiscid torman na cluas & confurtachtaig*id* an **radarc** & osluigidh duinte na n-ae & na s*eilge* & na n-arann & comfurtachtaig*id* an **macloc** & as imcub*aidh* e an aig*id* **sietica** & **artetica** & **potagra** & **coilica** & **ilica** & atait comsuig*ighthe* eli ann re n-abur **iara rufini** & **iara lagadion** **iara Constantini**.


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1. Don tsinnser
2. don tsiucra



291. **Zinciber**: .i. **an sinnser**; t*easaide* sa iii ceim & fli*uch* sa ii ceim & comhfurtachtaig*id* an gaili & lacaid na hinne & as imcub*aidh* e an aig*id* urcoidi an cleib & na scaman. A b*ear*b*adh* ar fin *no* ar lind & comfurtachtaig*id* teinneas an gaile & na n-inneadh. P*udur* sinseir do crothadh aran **timtireacht** & foir*idh* **teneasmon** do-nitear o fuar*aideacht* & bolga an **daer-galair**. P*udur* **sinnseir** da cur ~~arn~~ ar biaghaib egin & furtacthaig*id* lucht na **sinccopisi**.


292. **Ziucra**: teas*aide* fl*iuch* isan c*et* ceim co measardha & ata br*igh* lactach boctach innfuartach ann & geraig*id* se l*inn* r*uagh* ona millse oir adeir **Isacc** gac ni aigeidithi coisc*idh* se geraideacht l*eann*a ruaigh & gac ni milis meduig*id* se geraideacht l*eann*a ruaigh. **Gaeite** beca do mil & do siucra & da sal*ann* {ms folio 106a3} da tobairt isna fiabrusaibh gera & coiscid a n-ainnteas. Et at ait tri gneithe arin siucra .i. **siucra geal** & **siucra buighe** & **siucra cainndi**. An siucra g*eal* ase as imcub*aidh* chum na **sir*oip***eadh & chum na comsuig*iughadh* do-nitear an aig*id* na f*iabrus* nger. An **siucra cainndi** coiscig ita & ~~an~~ ainnteas an gaili & as imcub*aidh* e {ms folio 106b1} da lucht an tsaethair isna haimseraib teas*aide* & da lucht na **tisisi** & na **heitice** & na **cosachtaige** & a tobairt a **lictabairib** & a


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mbiadaib & a ndeocaib & gach ni da cnaidead & da loigdighead don fl*iuchaideacht* coimlinaigh an siucra e. Dentar **lictabairi** dhe .i. gab siucra geal punt no do & maethaidtear he le huisce fuar no co leaga co huilighi & curtar e a **crocan** **prais** da b*ear*b*adh* & curtar na spisraid comhfurtachta so and mar ata sinnser & **cainel** & **galingan** & **nutamic** & bearbtur iat mar as du & ata brigh comfurtachta an craigi & na mball co huilighe annsa **lictabaire** so.




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*Colophons*
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Gurab aml*aidh* fagmait crich chumair tarbach arin leabur so noch do tairrngead a h-**ainntetairib** & a **herbulairibh** catrach **Salernetane** & da reir sduideir {ms folio 106b2}comaentaig*the* doctuireadh **Sleibe Pisalani** & adubradar na maigistreacha sin gach ni tinnscaintear *a n-*ainm Dia gurab dingmala a crichnug*adh* *a n-*ainm Dia.Gurab amhlaigh sin da cricnaigead an leabar o **Tadg O Chuinn** .i. **baistillerach a fisiceacht** a mi Octimpir a sollain **Lucais** suibisceil & is*eadh* da bud sian an Tigerna an tan sin .m�. c� c� c� c�. & .x. u. in su*mm*o.
Finit, amen.[42](javascript:footNote('G600005/note042.html'))**Aed buidhe ó Leighin** da scribh an leabur so & as doith lium muna beith attuirrse orum g[*...*] ~~cetera desunt~~.
NLIre MS G11:
-------------

Gurob amlaid sin fagmaid crich inmolta in leabair so co cumair tarbach noch do tairngead a hainntitairibh & a herbalairib cathrach **Salernitani** & do reir comaontaigthi sduideir dochtuiridhi **Sleibe Pisalain** & adubradar na dochtuirigi sin uili cach ni tindscainntear a n-ainm Dia curob dingmala a crichnugad a n-ainm Dia curob amlaid sin crichnaigthear in leabar so o **Tadg hua Cuinn** .i. **baisiler a fisigeacht**. Finitt. *– NLIre Cat. p. 70.*
NLScot, **Mackinnon** MS III:
-----------------------------

Gurab amlaid sin fágbhamaid crich ínmholta cumair tarbhach ar an leabarsa noch do tairrngedh a h-ainntitairibh & a h-eisimlairibh catrach **Salernitani** & do reir stuider comaontaigh do dhocturibh **Shleibhi Pisalain** & adubradar na maighistrecha sin gach ni tinnscainter an ainm Dé gurab dingmala a crichnugud an ainm Dé gurab amlaid sin do crichnuighedh an leabar so o **Tadhg hua Cuinn** .i. **baisiler a bhfisigecht** a mi Octimbir a sollamain Lucáis suibhisceoil & is iad do b'uimir bliadan ó ghein Crista co n-uige sin .i. mile bliadan & iiii .c. bliadan & v bliadna dheg ni is mo & gach neach léghfas an leabarsa tabraid bennacht ar anmain **Taidhg i Chuinn** & **Ghilla Padraic hi Challanain**


---

p.276



neach do ghabh h-é an Gaidheilcc. Finit. Amen. Misi Gilla Coluim. *– **Mackinnon**, Cat., p. 21–2.*
NLScot, **Mackinnon** MS LX:
----------------------------

Gurab amlaidh sin fagmaid crioch inmolta cuimir tarbhach air an leabhar so neoch do tarraingeadh a h-ainntitairibh a herbulairibh cathrach **Salernitani** & do reir sduider comhaontaighi dochtuiribh (dative for genitive??) t-**Sleibhi Pisulain** & adubhradar na maighisdrecha sin gach ni tinnsgainter an ainm Dia gurab dingbhalla a chriochnudhadh an ainm Dia. *– **Mackinnon**, Cat., p. 70.*
TCD MS 1323, p. 63, line 16ff
-----------------------------

*‘gurub amlaid sin do cricnaigedh Matcer do tarrngedh a haindterib 7 a albula[i][...] Catrach Salernitania 7 doreir sduider doctuir tSleibi Pisilain na fisiceacht 7 Tadg O Cuind baisiler a fisigecht a mi Octimper a sollamain Lucais [so]iscel 7 is e dobo slan [dobo tslan otiose] dar tigerna an tan sin .i. mile .4. ced [[...] deg nis mo. Et gach aen legfis an leabur so tobrudh beannacht ar anmain Tha[...] hi Cuind 7 Aenguis hi Callannan do fuair a nGaedilg e 7 ar anmain an te do sgrib an leobur. Maghnus mc Gilla na Naem micc a Leagha o [...]ter 7 ata fi [...]’ Cf. ISOS Cat, Aoibheann Nic Donnchadha, TCD MS 1323 (H.3.4). [BF]**Pages 277 to 282 contain an extract on Aqua Vitae from TCD 1434 (H 3 22), pp 107–110, transcribed by Mícheál Ó Conchubhair, printed in Studia Hibernica 25, 49–75:55–60, omitted here. [BF]*


---

p.283


An Irish Materia Medica
-----------------------




---

p.284


As *to the* Latin, the material that is given is confined to that represented in *the* Irish text, in the order in which it occurs in the Irish, and not in the oder of the original Latin.The *references* are: 
  

CI: *Circa* Instans.
  

*Rufinus*: The Herbal of Rufinus.
  

*Avicenna*: Book 2 of the Canon.
  

MF: *Macer* Floridus *i.e. De viribus herbarum*.
Ysaac: Liber dietarum particularium of **Ysaac Israeli**.
Er: *The* Erlangen version of Circa Instans (**Wölfel**).
  

*Modena MS: Modena copy of Tractatus de herbis, 1458. See also Tractatus de herbis dello pseudo Bartolomeo Mini, ed. Iolanda Ventura (Florence/Firenze 2009). [BF]*


---

p.285


1. **Aron barba**, **iarus**, **pes uituli**: 
  

 ***iarus** calidus est *et* siccus in tertio gradu, alio nomine **barba aaron** appellatur *et* etiam pes vituli appellatur. Virtutem habet dissolvendi laxandi *et* attenuandi. Contra frigidum apostema tota herba cum tuberositate *et* cum assungia veteri teratur. Postmodum in testa calefacta superponatur. Contra **emoroidas** vel ficus iarus tapsus barbassus decoquantur in vino vel fiat aqua *et* encatisma idest sessio. Carnem superfluam corrodit solus pulvis eius. 
  

Ad depurandam faciem *et* cutem subtiliandam ex tuberositatibus desiccatis fiat pulvis subtilis *et* conficiatur cum aqua rosacea *et* ponatur ad solem donec tota aqua consumatur. Ita fiat ter vel quater vel amplius et illo pulvere solo confecto cum aqua rosacea illiniatur facies. Plus depurat quam ipsa cerusa. Virtutem habet dissolvendi laxandi *et* attenuandi.
  

Contra tumores aurium ipsa herba coquatur cum rubeo vino *et* oleo: addito cimino. Fiat inde emplastrum *et* auribus superponatur. Contra scrophulas novellas herba ipsa *et* squilla cum assungia veteri vel ursina teratur *et* superponatur *et* liberantur sic si recentes sunt. Ad menstrua provocanda succus iari per pessarium iniiciatur, sive cum **benedicta**.
  

Reperitur in hieme et estate.
  

Magnam habet efficaciam secundum folia maiorem secundum radicem maximam secundum quasdam tuberositates que circa radicem inveniuntur. Ille tuberositates finduntur et dessiccantur. Per annum servantur.’’*

CI






---

p.286


2. **Accacia**, **sucus prunellarum**: 
  

*Acacia frigida est *et* sicca in 3� gradu. Est autem acacia succus prunellorum immaturorum.’’*

CI




*Stiptica est contra erisipillam, excoriationem que est in labiis et gingivis, dissenteriam stringit ... Et si **anus** infantis foris processerit, reprimit ... Item, idem accatia fit ex fructu arboris spinose et sunt prunelli.’’*

Rufinus from Dioscorides. 




*Egritudines capitis. Confert ulceribus oris membrorum. Egritudines membrorum oculi. Confortat visum *et* subtiliat ipsum: *et* non est conveniens oculo ex ea nisi albassari: *et* sedat ophthalmiam *et* rubedinem que accidunt in eis: *et* ingreditur in medicinis ungule. Egritudines membrorum expulsionis. Constringit naturam bibita *et* clisterizata *et* pro emplastro posita. Et confert dysenteria *et* solutioni sanguinee *et* abscindit fluxum matricis *et* removet eminentiam ani *et* eminentiam matricis *et* confert mollificationibus amborum.’’*

Avicenna 




3. **Absinthium**, **centonica**, **pointicum**: 
  

*Absinthium calidum est in primo gradu *et* siccum in secundo. **Absinthii** duo sunt genera, unum quod dicitur ponticum.’’*

CI




*Reducit appetitum *et* est medicina mirabilis ad illud cum bibitur decoctionis eius aut sicci ipsius decem diebus scilicet quacumque die tres analasat *et* sirupus eius confortat stomachum.’’*

Avicenna 




*Contra lumbricos in inferioribus intestinis existentes detur succus **absinthii** cum pulvere betonice vel ...’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Acri cum vino trita se quilibet ungens
>   
> Non metuat culices, ustaeque fugantur odore.’’
>*

MF 


*Confert morsui draconis marini *et* scorpionis *et* morsus mugali, et hyusquiamo


---

p.287



cum vino *et* suffocationi fungorum. *Et* vapor decoctionis eius confert dolori auris ... *et* confert dolori auris *et* fluxui humiditatum.’’*

Avicenna 


*Succus eius instillatus auribus humiditatem ab eis manantem desiccat.’’*

CI


*In decoratione. Facit bonum colorem.’’*

Avicenna 


*> 1. ‘‘Nausea non poterit quemquam vexare marina,
>   
> Antea commixtum vino qui sumpserit illam.
>   
> Olfactu somnum capiti vel subdita praestat, 
>   
> Hanc sibi supponi si non praesenserit aeger.’’
>*

MF 


*Cum felle taurino tritum *et* auribus iniectum confortat eas *et* sonitum ab eis expellit.’’*

CI


**Et* ex proprietatibus eius est ut prohibeat pannos a tineis *et* corruptione vermium *et* prohibet enclaustrum ab alteratione *et* chartas a corrosione ... *et* cum infunditur proprie in aqua enclaustri non corrodunt mures librum.’’*

Avicenna 


*> 1. ‘‘Duritiam splenis eius cataplasma resolvit.
>   
> Coniuncto sibi melle sterae si subditur herba
>   
> Desiccabit eam, manareque menstrua coget;’’
>*

MF 


*Febres. Confert antique *et* proprie eius succus sicut succus eupatorii. *De eupatorio* Confert febribus chronicis *et* antiquis proprie succus eius *et* proprie cum succo **absinthii**.’’*

Avicenna 


*Contra opilationem epatis *et* ycteritiam detur succus eius *et* scariola vel ex his fiat sirupus *et* detur cum calida. Contra dolorem capitis ex anatumasi stomaci .i. ex fumositate stomaci detur succus eius cum zuccaro *et* calida. Contra suffocationem ex fungis detur cum aceto *et* calida. Contra dolorem *et* livorem membrorum ex percussione ex succo **absinthii** *et* pulvere cimini *et* melle fiat emplastrum. Ad provocandum menstrua ...’’*

CI


*Solvit choleram *et* necque per ipsum fit iuvamen in phlegmate nec etiam in



---

p.288



illo quod fit in stomacho in intestinis.’’*

Avicenna 


*Absinthium dicitur habere ii contrarias proprietates, scilicet laxativam *et* constrictivam. Quare non est dandum nisi materia existente digesta ut digestam dissolvet. Dissolutam ponticitate constringente exprimat. *Amara
enim pontica, quare, si interius recipitur, materia existente compacta, eam grossicie sua compactiorem redderet.*[43](javascript:footNote('G600005/note043.html'))’’*

CI


*Mundificat venas ab humore cholerico *et* aquoso provocat ipsum.’’*

Avicenna 


4. **Abrotanum**, **camphorata**: 
  

*Abrotanum calidum est in secundo gradu siccum in primo.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Unde iuvat nervos et causas pectoris omnes,
>   
> Illius elixi si sit decoctio sumpta.
>   
> Sic quoque dysnoicis prodest tussimque repellit
>   
> Et prodest lumbis, sic vulvarumque querelis.
>   
> Omnibus his crudum cum vino proderit haustum,
>   
> Urinam purgat, sic et praecordia mundat,
>   
> Sic curat sciasim, sic sumptum menstrua purgat.
>   
> Serpentes nidore fugat, bibitumque venena
>   
> Illorum extinguit, sedat quoque frigora febris
>   
> Antea quam veniant si mixto sumitur amne,
>   
> Aut oleo quo decoquitur si membra perungas.
>   
> Lumbricos ventris hanc saepe bibendo necabis.
>   
> Stirpes infixas et spinas abstrahet ipsum
>   
> Appositum per se vel adeps si iungitur illi.’’
>*

MF 


*In cuius apozimate mulieribus sedentibus menstrua provocat, secundinam *et* mortuum fetum elicit. Clausas vulvas aperit, apostemata si habuerint sanantur ... stranguriam soluit ... succus eius ... menstrua provocat, putridos


---

p.289



humores vulve desiccat, dolores eius et flegmatica apostemata in ea nascentia sanat. Succus eius vel cinis eius cum vetusto oleo mixtus alopiciam sanat lotus non habentibus pilos occurrit. Abrotane leo epithimatum rigorem febris aufert. Succus eius bibitus *et* cataplasmatus sanguinem membris allisum ex vulnere vel contusione mundificat vel educit.’’*

CI


 5. **Acalife**, **urtica**: 
  

*Urtica semen eius sunt calida in principio tertii *et* sicca in secundo.’’*

Avicenna 


*> 1. ‘‘Dicimus Urticam, quam Graecus Acalyphe dicit.
>   
> Et tussim veterem curat, si saepe bibatur.
>   
> Frigus pulmonis pellit ventrisque tumorem.
>   
> Omnibus his prodest pulvis cum melle iugatus,
>   
> Aut succus viridis cum vino saepius haustus.
>   
> Cum sale de foliis eius factum cataplasma
>   
> Ulceribus prodest et sordida vulnera purgat,
>   
> Et contra morsus valet hoc cataplasma caninos,
>   
> Et cancros et parotidas luxataque curat,
>   
> Hocque reformatur caro, quae discessit ab osse,
>   
> Et solet humores hoc desiccare nocentes.
>   
> Acri cum vino radix contrita tumorem
>   
> Compescit splenis, podagrae sic subvenit illa
>   
> Omnibus et morbis sic subvenit articulorum,
>   
> Omnibus his prodest superaddita, vel sibi iuncto
>   
> Si coquis hanc oleo foveasque hoc unguine membra.
>   
> Semen, si sumptum fuerit cum melle iugatum,
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.290
> 
> 
> Cum **mulsa** bibitum lotium producit abundans.
>   
> Ore diu clausus succus si volvitur eius
>   
> Uvae non modicum poterit sedare tumorem.
>   
> Haec solet ictericos cum vino sumpta iuvare,
>   
> Illius semen colicis cum melle medetur,
>   
> Cum vino bibitum venerem semen movet eius,
>   
> Quod si manantem cupias retinere cruorem,
>   
> Urticae succo frontem line, reprimit illum.
>   
> Si supponatur cum myrrha menstrua pellit,
>   
> Si claudit vulvam matrix humore gravata
>   
> Urticae follis revocabitur illa fricata.
>   
> Pleureticos, pectus, pulmones adiuvat eius *semen*.’’
>*

MF 


6. **Arasca**, **elleborus albus**: 
  

*Elleborus calidus est *et* siccus in iii gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Elleborum geminas species testantur habere,
>   
> Album, quod sursum purgat, nigrumque deorsum;
>   
> Vim siccam calidamque tenent et tertius illis
>   
> Est in utroque gradus,    ’’
>*

MF 


*Non debet dari nisi materia digesta.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Hordea, quam dederint, contrito iunge farinam;
>   
> In succo ptisanae vel **mulsa** paneve coctum
>   
> Sumere praecipiunt alii, sic utile dicunt.
>   
> Elleborumque iubet in pultibus antea coctum
>   
> Aut in lente dari, sic dicit non nociturum;
>   
> Educit choleras varias et flegma per alvum;’’
>*

MF 


*Contra arteticam podagram *et* ciragram ...’’*

CI




---

p.291


*> 1. ‘‘Elleborum geminas species testantur habere,
>   
> Album, quod sursum purgat, nigrumque deorsum;
>   
>     febribus super omnia prodest
>   
> Quartanis,    
>   
> Purgatur tali vomitu vertigo vetusta,
>   
> Insanis, melancholicis valet atque caducis,
>   
> Saepeque curatur sumpto lymphaticus isto.
>   
> Ellebori nigri praecepit **Plinius** unam
>   
> Donari dragmam,
>   
> Naribus attractus sternutamenta movebit
>   
> Illius pulvis capitis pellentia morbos;’’
>*

MF 


*Contra litargiam *et* epilepsiam provocetur sternutatio: ex pulvere naribus immisso vel in panno posito ad nares percusso ... *Contra scabiem fiat pulvis ellebori albi bene triti uncia 1, litargiro bene trito unciae 2, oleum nucis in patella coquatur ... inungatur patiens oleo et valet multum.*[44](javascript:footNote('G600005/note044.html'))’’*

CI


**Albagia**, **portulaca**, **pes pulli**: 
  

***Portulaca** frigida est *et* humida. Viridis multe est efficacie, sicca vero non tante. Virtutem habet leniendi *et* humectandi *et* infrigidandi. Optimus cibus est febricitantibus comesta cruda vel cocta. Contra constipationem ventris coquatur cum prunis in aqua, comedat patiens pruna *et* portulacam *et* bibat aquam. Contra ragadias .i. fixuras labiorum etiam profundissimas fiat pulvis de radice portulace in terreo vase combusto *et* confice cum melle *et* inunge. Palliat etiam ragadias leprosorum. Notandum quod competenter ponitur cum diureticis sicca *et* viridis; quando cum diureticis, exterius apponitur.’’*

CI




---

p.292


8. **Acedula**, **oxilapacium**, **rumei**: 
  

*Acidula,

> 1. ‘‘Virtus est illi siccans et frigida valde
>   
> Tertius a medicis datus est gradus huic in utroque.
>   
> Hac fugit apposita **sacer ignis** et herpeta mordax.
>   
> Ulcera, quae serpunt, cohibet;
>   
> Et tumor ex oculis tritae cataplasmate cedit.
>   
>     combustaque curat.
>   
> Et multum calidae dicunt prodesse podagrae,
>   
> Si fuerit foliis illius operta virentis
>   
> Aut cataplasmetur mixta contrita polenta.
>   
> Eius cum roseo succus permixtus [oleo]
>   
> Dicitur antiquo capitis prodesse dolori,
>   
> Qui dolor est lingua dictus cephalargia graeca.
>   
> Omne genus fluxus ventris restringere mire
>   
> Cum vino potata solet vel mansa frequenter,
>   
> Hocque modo nimium manantia menstrua sistit,
>   
> Vel si matrici tritam viridem superaddas;
>   
> Sic quoque lumbricos pellit potata rotundos,
>   
> Taliter et cunctis prodest potata venenis.
>   
> Exhilarat visus succus illius inunctos
>   
> Cum vino variis obstat potata venenis.
>   
> Affirmant istam qui secum gesserit herbam
>   
> Quod non appetat hunc letali scorpius ictu.
>   
> Auribus expressus si succus funditur eius
>   
> Adiuvat auditum mire pellitque dolorem.’’
>*

MF 




---

p.293


9. **Accetum**, **oxiren**, **oxiriun**: 
  

*Acetum frigidum est *et* siccum in secundo gradu. Penetrativam habet virtutem *et* divisivam ex substantia *et* constrictivam ex qualitatibus suis. Contra vomitum *et* fluxum ventris, bulliant in aceto ra*ce*num rose, tamarindi, galle *et* aristologie rotunde, vel aliquod eorum, *et* in tali aceto calido ponatur lana vel spongia, *et* ponatur supra stomacum si sit vomitus. Si autem sit fluxus ponatur supra renes *et* supra umbilicum. Valet omnino sirupus acetosus contra simplicem tertianam, *et* contra duplicem tertianam *et* ad quotidianam de flegmate salso *et* ad omnes acutas febres, si mane detur cum calida *aqua*. Quia ex aceto *et* melle fit **oximel**; quandoque simplex, quandoque compositum. Simplex autem fit ex duabus partibus aceti et tertia mellis si simul coquantur ad spissitudinem mellis. Compositum autem fit hoc modo. Accipe radices feniculi, apii, petrosilini, *et* contere aliquantulum, per diem *et* noctem iaceant in aceto; secundo die coque simul ut supra *et* postea cola *et* in aceto illo sic colato pone mel ad tertiam partem; *et* coque ut supra ... Sicut sirupus acetosus datur contra calidam materiam, ita **oximel** simplex contra frigidam materiam, quia digerit eam. Nota si acetum invenerit stomacum vacuum stringit ipsum, si plenum relaxat eum. Valet etiam contra debilitatos ex egritudine; accipe acetum et pone intus panem assum et ex tali pane bene sic madefacto unge os *et* labia *et* nares patientis *et* venas pulsatiles in brachio et ibi etiam supra venas liga talem panem assum in aceto madefactum. Multum confortat patientem. Valet etiam acetum contra litargiam *et* frenesim si fiat fricatio circa volas manuum *et* pedum cum sale et aceto.’’*

CI


10. **Accride**, **bancia**, **pastinaca**: 
  

*Baucia calida est in secundo gradu *et* humida in medio primi; herba etiam que


---

p.294



alio nomine dicitur pastinaca. Plus competit cibo quam medicine. Virtutem habet generandi multum sanguinem *et* spissum; unde augmentat libidinem. Convalescentibus *et* melancolicis valet cruda vel cocta comesta, viridis *et* non sicca. Fit autem inde zinziber conditum ad coitum excitandum.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘    **mulsa** si decoquis eius
>   
> Radices, multum decoctio proderit eius,
>   
> Si potanda datur, splenis iecorisque querelis,
>   
> Lumborumque levat eadem potata dolorem.
>   
> Hanc si lacte coquas, decoctio sumpta iuvabit
>   
> Asthmaticos quamvis veteres ventresque fluentes.
>   
> Radix illius collo suspensa tumores,
>   
> Ut quidam dicunt, compescit testiculorum;
>   
> Qui pastinacam fert aut qui mandidit illam,
>   
> Dicitur a nullo serpentum posse noceri.
>   
> Si circumscalpis dentes radicibus eius,
>   
> Dicunt ingenti persaepe dolore levari.
>   
> Sic quoque feminei ventris curare tumorem
>   
> Dicunt, quo mulier quasi praegnans esse videtur.’’
>*

MF 


*Ad digestionem confortandum.’’*

CI




---

p.295


11. **Affodillus**, **centum capita**, **aillium agreiste**:[45](javascript:footNote('G600005/note045.html'))
  

*Affodili centum capita albutium. Radix magis competit medicine quam folia. Viridis melior est quam sicca. Diureticam habet virtutem. Est calidus et siccus in secundo gradu. Contra ydropisim, medium corticem ebuli *et* sambuci *et* filipendule ana ʒ iii bulliant in iiii ℥ succi affodilorum *et* detur contra leucoflegmantiam precipue. Contra maculam *et* omnem vitium oculorum accipe .... succi affodilorum .... miro modo prodest si oculi tali collirio illiniantur. Allii silvestris floribus utimur *et* debent colligi .... per biennium possunt servari in multa efficacia. Virtutem habet dissolvendi. Ad aperiendum vias epatis *et* urinales meatus fiat salsamentum similiter *et* distemperetur cum vino *et* herbarum diureticarum succo *et* detur. Flores allii silvestris diuretici sunt *et* in sirupo vel vino vel aliquo alio potu sumpti valent contra stranguriam et dissuriam. Ad provocandum menstrua .... sic coquantur allia in aqua *et* in tali aqua sedeat mulier usque ad umbilicum.’’*

CI


12. **Agaricus**, **fungus**: 
  

*Agaricus calidus est in secundo gradu, siccus in tertio. Agaricus est quasi fungus *et* crescit circa radicem abietis *et* maxime in **Lombardia**. Sunt autem due species, aliud est femininum, aliud masculinum; femininum melius est. Femininum .... frangibile *et* habet quasdam tuberositates intus *et* quedam frustula quasi divisa. Masculinus non habet, sed est continuum .... facile pulverizatur.’’*

CI


*Inquit filius Mesaugue .... Illud quod est melius est album velo cum


---

p.296



frangibile ....’’*

Avicenna 


*Principaliter purgat flegma, secundario melancoliam.’’*

CI


*Solutione educit humores grossos diversos melancolie *et* phlegmatis cholere rubee ....’’*

Avicenna 


**Contra cotidianam ex flegmate naturali ponatur agaricus in decoccione aliqua que datur febricitanti cum aliis speciebus, ut est cum **squinanti**. Contra yliacam passionem ...*[46](javascript:footNote('G600005/note046.html'))’’*

CI


*Est .... aperitivum omnium opilationum ....’’*

Avicenna 


**Aliter facta purgatione[47](javascript:footNote('G600005/note047.html')) si febris adhuc infestat accipe ℥ sem. agarici et ℥ 2 succi feniculi et ℥ 1 succi fumi terre et commisceantur, et hoc detur patienti ante horam accessionis. Contra dissuriam accipe saxifragam et coque in vino bono et cola et in colaturam pone agarici ℥ med. confice cum melle et oleo et patienti da.*[48](javascript:footNote('G600005/note048.html'))’’*

CI


*Ossa fracta extrahit, malam carnem corrodit *et* fistulam sanat. Contra emorroydas accipe subtilissimum pulverem agarici *et* confice cum succo ciclaminis *et* oleo *et* calefac ad ignem *et* cum bombace intincto superponatur. Contra **morpheam** accipe pulverem predictum scilicet salis tosti, agarici, tartari, *et* scarificatione facta superpone pulverem. Decoctio agarici, castorei, **squinanti**, sene, dolorem sedat capitis factum ex abundantia flegmatis; stomacum etiam confortat; vel fiant pillule de predictis *et* temperentur cum succo feniculi vel **absinthii** *et* idem operantur.’’*

CI


13. **Agrimonia**, **argimonia**: 
  

*Agrimonia.
  

Prima cura eius ad dolorem et vitia occulorum, herba*m* agrimonia*m*


---

p.297



viridem bene tere et superpone occulis — omnem livorem et inflacionem mirabiliter expellit. Contra illuxacionem agrimoniam cum axungia bene contere *et* fac emplastrum *et* superpone — omnem inflaccionem et dolorem expellit. *Succus radicum pellit nebulas oculorum.*[49](javascript:footNote('G600005/note049.html')) Ad fetidum cancerumata agrimoniam viridem bene contrictam *et* superpositam ministrat sanare.’’*

 Tractatus de herbis. , Modena MS. Lat. 993 


*Verrucasque simul si coniungantur aceto.’’*

Spuria Macri. 


14. **Agnus castus**: 
  

*Agnus castus calidus est *et* siccus in 4� gradu. Frutex est. Cuius folia usui medicine competunt *et* non radices; flores etiam magis; eius flores in vere colligantur *et* per annum non amplius in multa efficacia conservantur. Lectus ex eo factus libidinem reprimit; quia libidinem comprimendo reddit castum hominem ut agnum. Fomententur genitalia ex aqua decoctionis eius. In succo ipsius decoquatur modicum castorei *et* dentur in potu. Contra gomoream flores *et* folia decoquantur in aceto *et* addito castoreo si vis; cataplasmentur genitalia. Nota quod quedam extinguunt libidinem inspissando sperma, ut semen lactuce, psillium, citruli, melo, cucu*meris* *et* cucurbite, portulaca, scariola, acetum, agresta, sumac, camphora *et* similia. Alia inaniendo spiritus *et* consumendo sperma ut ruta, maiorana, agnus castus, ciminum, calamentum, anetum. Sunt ii ista calida aperitiva, *et* ventositatem solvunt *et* extenuant. In succo agni casti, semen feniculi ʒ iii *et* esule ℈ iii decoquantur, mane detur cum vino calido, leucoflegmatico colatura. Fomentum ex aqua decoctionis agni casti matricis exiccat superfluitates *et* ipsius angustat orificium. Ad menstrua provocandum fiat fomentum ex aqua decoctionis ipsius *et*


---

p.298



centrum galli. Contra litargiam, accipe agnum castum *et* apium *et* salviam, *et* fiat decoctio in aqua salsa *et* fricetur fortitur posterior pars capitis.’’*

CI


15. **Alacon**, **politricum**, **capillus ueniris**;
  

*Capillus veneris frigidus est *et* siccus tamen temperate ex substantia subtili. Virtutem habet diureticam. Contra calefactionem epatis detur aqua decoctionis eius. Plagelle etiam intincte in succo ipsius superponantur, vel etiam ipsa herba trita. Recens multe est efficacie, parum tamen servari potest. De aqua decoctionis eius et zuccaro fiat sirupus *si sit etiam vitio *splenis**[50](javascript:footNote('G600005/note050.html')). Cataplasmatus valet alopicie *et* scrofulis. Coctus cum aqua ex eo capite loto pustulas et putrefactionem mundificat. Cum vino bibi tus *et* veneno *et* humoribus ad stomacum fluentibus resistit.’’*

CI


16. **Alapin**, **cepa mairina**, **scilla**: 
  

*Squilla calida est *et* sicca in iii gradu *et* alio nomine *cepa marina*[51](javascript:footNote('G600005/note051.html')) dicitur. Virtutem habet incidendi *dissolvendi* *et* purgandi per urinam. Illa que sola reperitur nisi sit sola plantata mortifera est. Cum ponitur in medicinis de exteriori cortice *et* interiori proportionaliter abiici debet quia venenosa est *et* pars intermedia decoquatur in pasta *et* postea ponatur in medicinis *et* in **oximelle**. Contra quotidianam quartanam yliacam *et* artheticam valet **oximel** ex ea factum. Contra duriciem splenis *et* epatis decoquatur in vino *et* oleo *et* superponatur. Contra easdem causas *et* yliacam passionem *et* artheticam ponatur squilla per xv dies in vino *et* oleo postea decoctio fiat *et* coletur *et* addita cera fiat unguentum. *Exteriores pro nimia


---

p.299




caliditate sunt mortifere et pro nimia frigiditate medie temperate sunt.*’’*

CI


17. **Alapsa**, **galla**, **pomum quersuus**: 
  

*Galla frigida est *et* sicca in secundo gradu. Est autem fructus quercus. Quedam reperitur *grossa*[52](javascript:footNote('G600005/note052.html')) *et* levis perforata que parum valet. Alie reperiuntur in Africa *et* Asia *et* dicuntur Asiane que parve sunt *et* non perforate, inter quas que grossiores sunt meliores sunt. Virtutem habent constringendi. Contra fluxum ventris fiat emplastrum ex pulvere galle subtili *et* albumine ovi *et* aceto *et* super pectinem *et* renes ponatur. *... ex aqua pluviali decoctionis gallarum .... Hoc etiam fiat contra dissinteriam* ... contra dissuriam. Si vitio inferiorum fiat pulvis eius cum aqua ordei iniiciatur per clistere. Contra vomitum ex vitio virtutis contentive *et* debilitatione, fiat decoctio pulveris gallarum addito aceto *et* addita aqua marina *et* spongia infusa ori stomaci superponatur. Contra fluxum menstruorum fiat decoctio ex aqua pluviali decoctionis gallarum *et* pulvis etiam ipsarum iniiciatur per pessarium cum succo solo plantaginis, vel fiat inde aliquid solidum *et* supponatur ei. Contra fluxum sanguinis de naribus pulvis eius cum succo sanguinarie conficiatur stuellus inde factus naribus intromittatur. Emplastrum inde factum ex pulvere gallarum *et* albumine ovi timporibus superponatur. Gallarum etiam pulvis superpositus vulneribus ea consolidat. Ad capillos albos denigrandos vel canos talis fit usus. Accipe gallas non ponderosas nec perforatas *et* decoque in oleo quousque tumescant; postea cola *et* exprime inter duos pannos lineos quousque desiccentur; postea dimitte desiccari, deinde


---

p.300



bene exiccatas tere *et* fac pulverem subtilem *et* accipe corticem nucum *et* tere peroptime *et* confice cum aqua pluviale *et* decoque addito pulvere illo gallarum *et* ex tali confectione unge capillos *et* barbam cum aqua calida; cave tamen ne cutis remaneat infecta *et* sic abluantur sepe *et* desiccentur.’’*

CI


18. **Albedarug**, **colubrina**, **basilicon**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Herba, Dragonteam Graecorum quam vocat usus,
>   
> Haec eadem vulgi lingua Colubrina vocatur,
>   
> Ex quibus antiquis expertum credimus esse,
>   
> Quod queat a simili colubrina venena fugare.
>   
> Quisquis se trita radice perunxerit eius,
>   
> Tutus ab incursu serpentum dicitur esse;
>   
> Morsibus illarum cum vino sumpta medetur.
>   
> Sic etiam cancris magnum solet esse iuvamen.
>   
>    fagedaenica vulnera purgat,
>   
> Si sit ei tritae cum melle bryonia iuncta;
>   
> Vulneris haec mundat sordes, syringia curat;
>   
> Succo radicis eius caligo fugatur
>   
> Et varii morbi, quos lumina perpetiuntur.
>   
> Si marcescentis illius floris odorem
>   
> Nare trahat praegnans, deponere fertur abortum.
>   
> Vel si sit radix matrici subdita trita.
>   
> Pulvis radicis eius cum melle iugatus
>   
> Tussim compescit sumptus, sedatque catarrhum
>   
> Et confert haemoptoicis;
>   
> Vulneris haec mundat sordes*.*
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.301
> 
> 
> Sola sibi iuncto maculas depellit aceto.
>   
> Esse pedum vitium dicunt, cui pernio nomen
>   
> Est a pernicie membri patientis ad ipsum,
>   
> Plebs dicit mulam, solet hoc de frigore nasci,
>   
> Amne Dragonteae radices decoque tali,
>   
> Pernio deletur, si saepius amne fovetur.’’
>*

MF 


19. **Alagsandrum**, **masedonica**, **petrusidinum**: 
  

*Petrosilinum.
  

Calidum et siccum in fine tertii gradus.’’*

Ysaac 


*Est autem duplex, domesticum – *et* agreste quod sinonum dicitur. 
*Competens etiam fit salsamentum ex petrosilino domestico.*[53](javascript:footNote('G600005/note053.html')) Virtutem habet diureticam, Semina precipue competunt usui medicine.’’*

CI


*Apostemata eorum curat, maxime que sunt in renibus. Menstrua provocat. Fit hydropicis iuvativum. Epar et vulvam mundificat, eorum oppilationem aperit. Cataplasmatum super pustulas scabiem *et* **morpheam** mire mundificat. Pistatum et in vulvam missum secundinam et fetum mortuum expellit. Iuvativum et periodicam febrem patientibus.
Corporis poros aperit *et* vias rarificat *et* humores extenuando cum urina *et* sudore proiicit. Ventositatem colice passionis dissolvit.’’*

Ysaac 


**Albeston**, **calx uiua**: 
  

*Calx.’’*

CI


*Calx viva est illa que recens est et non aqua infusa. Mundat sicca vulnera.’’*

Rufinus from Dioscorides. 




---

p.302


*Mixta cum sevo et oleo pustulas *et* putrida apostemata habentes iuvat.
Vulnera *et* omnem incisionem bene solidat.’’*

CI


21. **Altea**, **malbua**, **bismalua**: 
  

*Malva ... secundum quosdam frigida est in primo gradu humida in secundo. *Apostemata maturat, duritiem relaxat et mollificat.*[54](javascript:footNote('G600005/note054.html'))’’*

CI


*Mollificat apostemata ... maturat vulnera.’’*

Avicenna 


Althaea: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Elixata prius radix adipique terendo
>   
> Addita porcino terebinthinaeque tumores
>   
> Matricis curat, reliquosque iuvare dolores
>   
> Dicitur illius;    
>   
>     nervos sic ipsa relaxat.
>   
> A dysentericis radicum coctio sumpta
>   
> Cum vino fluxum stringens compescit eorum;’’
>*

MF 


*Decoctio radicis eius quum datur in potu cum vino confert difficultati urine *et* lapidi.’’*

Avicenna 


*> 1. ‘‘Et pellit tardas haec coctio sumpta secundas.
>   
> Acri cum vino contritum semen olivo
>   
> Iungito, deformes maculas hoc unguine pelles.’’
>*

MF 


*Quando linitur cum aceto *et* oleo prohibet nocumentum venenosorum vermium.’’*

Avicenna 


*Terantur cum assungia porci recenti; *et* super tegulam calidam ponantur. Hoc autem valet contra duritiem splenis *et* epatis. Aqua decoctionis seminis ipsius herbe ... confert ethicis.’’*

CI




---

p.303


22. **Aloe**, **epaticum**, **cicotrinum**: 
  

***Aloes** calide *et* sicce complexionis est in ii gradu. Aloes ex succo herbe fit que herba suo nomine aloen appellatur. Aloes tria sunt genera, **cicotrinum**, **epaticum**, **caballinum**. Epaticum colori epatis assimilatur. Habet autem colorem epatis sed subnigrum. Optimum autem aloes est cicotrinum ... quod leviter frangitur ... non est fetidum, nec valde amarum ... quandoque frangibile. Aloen vero habet purgare coleram *et* flegma *et* mundificat melancoliam. Valet contra superfluitatem frigidorum humorum in stomacho contentorum. Caput a dolore *r*elevat qui ex anathamiasi fit .i. ex fumositate stomachi. Habet etiam virtutem confortandi membra nervosa. Aloe si sepe sumatur excoriat intestina, unde opus ut cum eo misceatur **mastix** aut dragagantum aut **bdellium**. In oculis iniectus pruriginem oculorum omnino aufert. Pulvis aloe vulnera prepucii que fiunt de lavaro sanat.’’*

CI


23. **Alphur**, **flos fraxini**: 
  

***Fraxinus** calida est *et* sicca in ii gradu. Contra fluxum ventris ex **lienteria** dissuria lenitum precedents purgatione fiat fomentum ex aqua pluviali decoctionis corticis vel fungi *quemadmodum fungi supra eam nascens*. *Pulvis etiam ipsius datus cum aqua pluviali valet:*.[55](javascript:footNote('G600005/note055.html')) Contra vomitum ex debilitate virtutis retentive vel humorum acumine cortex vel fungi in aceto bulliat *et* spongia intincta super stomacum ponatur. Valet etiam decoctio eius contra vitium splenis potata.’’*

CI




---

p.304


24. **Allusal**, **cepa**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Non modicum sanas Asclepius asserit illas
>   
> Praesertim stomacho,
>   
> Et dicunt illas mollire salubriter alvum;
>   
> Oris foetori prosunt, fastidia tollunt;
>   
> Appositas perhibent morsus curare caninos,
>   
> Si tritae cum melle prius fuerint vel aceto;
>   
> Apponunt alii cum vino melleque coctas,
>   
> Transactisque tribus solvunt cataplasma diebus.
>   
> Femineo lacti commixtus succus earum
>   
> Pellit saepe graves infusus ab aure dolores;
>   
> His succus commixtus aquae bibitusque iuvabit
>   
> Illos, quos subitus facit obmutescere morbus.
>   
> Naribus attractus harum tantummodo succus
>   
> Humores nocuos capitis deponere cogit;
>   
> Triturasque pedum, soleae quas vel caligarum
>   
> Durlciae faciunt, succo sanabis eodem,
>   
> Cum gallinarum pingui si saepe perungas.
>   
>     maculas quoque iunctus aceto
>   
> Emundare solet, si sint hoc saepe fricatae.
>   
> Mansae vel potae tardantia menstrua purgant.
>   
> Illarum succus caligine lumina purgat,
>   
> Admixtus melli;’’
>*

MF 


25. **Alumen**, **stipteria**, **sucarium**: 
  

***Alumen** calidum est *et* siccum in 4 gradu. Virtutem habet desiccandi *et*


---

p.305



vehementer consumendi. Balneum aque aluminose confert ydropicis ...
Sal *et* alumen bulliant in aqua ...patiens in medio cuffe sedens. Contra cancrum: pulvis aluminis ... confectus cum vermibus inventis in pingui terra, *et* impositus valet. Superfluam carnem palpebrarum vel alicuius membri rodit. Pessima vulnera sicut farcinum inhibet ne corpus perambulent. Cum aceto et melle mixtum dentes infirmos confortat. Inflationes gingivarum sanat, collutum os ex aceto prius.’’*

CI


*Species aluminis sunt plurime, sed ille que ex eis in curam medicine ingrediuntur sunt tres: scissum, humidum *et* rotundum.’’*

Avicenna 


*Licinium etiam ex tali confectione inunctum orificio fistule immissum confert. Contra scabiem, **sulfur vivum** *et* ... alumen bulliant in aceto ...’’*

CI


26. **Ambra**, **spearma ceti**: 
  

*Ambra dicitur esse sperma ceti. Multum valet. Contra epilepsiam, ambram pone *et* os de corde cervi *et* cornu cervinum in vase vitreo *super carbones:*[56](javascript:footNote('G600005/note056.html')) *et* patiens recipiat fumum per nares *et* os. Virtutem habet confortandi. Contra sincopim fiant pillule ex ℈ i ambre *et* i ℈ ligni aloes *et* ii ℈ de osse de corde cervi; que trita resolvantur in aqua rosacea *et* fiant inde pillule.’’*

CI


27. **Ambrosiana**, **eupatorium**,[57](javascript:footNote('G600005/note057.html')) **lilifagus**: 
  

*Eupatorium calidum est in primo gradu, siccum in ii; idem est quod saluia agrestis. Viride maioris est efficacie quam siccum. Valet contra universalem paralisim contra particularem. Contra ydropisim *et* icteritiam si fiat ex opilatione splenis *et* epatis, talis fit usus, ʒ ii saluie agrestis in dimidia ℥ succi apii coquatur *et*


---

p.306



detur talis decoctio. Contra lumbricos, nuclei persiccorum triti cum succo saluie agrestis valet.’’*

CI


28. **Anabulla**, **titimaillus**: 
  

***Titimallus** calidus est *et* siccus in iii gradu. ... modo dicendum est de illa specie que anabulla vocatur. *s.v. Euforbium* quod in diebus canicularibus colligitur usui reservatur.’’*

CI


29. **Amedum**, **amillum**: 
  

***Amidum** vel **amilum** temperate calidum est *et* humidum.’’*

CI


***Amidum** siccum est *et* frigidum.’’*

Ysaac 


*Quod fit hoc modo: frumentum in aqua frigida ponatur *et* ibi per diem *et* noctem moretur *et* de die in diem renovetur aqua quousque videatur frumentum omnino esse putrefactum. Postmodum remota aqua optime conteritur *et* sic addita aqua ipsa conficitur *et* exprimitur per pannum. Soli exponitur usque ad aque consumptionem. Ex ordeo mundato similiter potest fieri.’’*

CI


*Asperitatem lenit pectoris et pulmonis *et* solidativum est vulneris eorum. Et si cum aqua coquatur et zuccara *et* amigdaleo, multum valet ad tussim siccam et ad humores qui tenues sunt *et* a capite in pulmonem pectusque descendunt.’’*

Ysaac 


*Valet contra apostemata spiritualium et tussim coctum cum aqua ordei, conditum cum lacte amlgdalarum additis penidiis.’’*

CI


*Sepe tamen acceptum, lapidem in renibus *et* vesica creat. Valet autem ad reprimendos humores in oculos descendentes et ad vulnera in eis nascentia.’’*

Ysaac 




---

p.307


30. **Ancula alba**, **scabiosa**: 
  

***Scabiosa** calida est *et* sicca in ii gradu. Contra scabiem valet.
Contra scabiem succus ipsius cum aceto conficiatur *et* oleo nucis *et* aliquantulum decoquatur *et* fiat unguentum. Contra lepram que dicitur allopicia propina succi eius ʒ iiii vel v *et* balneetur in aqua decoctionis eius. Contra emorroidas scabiosa *et* flos mus*tardi*[58](javascript:footNote('G600005/note058.html')) decoquatur in aqua *et* vino *et* fiat encatisma. Contra condilomata que fiunt quasi glandule idem fiat. Et nota quod ficus sunt interius in ano cum inflatione venarum *et* raro sine cirurgia curari possunt. Condilomata sunt quedam superflue interius carnes apparentes in ano quasi parve glandule.’’*

CI


*Nam purgat pectus quod comprimit egra senectus. Emplastrata foris necat *anthracem tribus horis*.’’*

Rufinus from Urbanus. 


*Ad auris surditatem ex sanie facta immitatur succus cum oleo in modica quantitate.’’*

CI


*Servat pulmonem, servat lateris regionem. Intus potatur et sic virus evacuatur. Rumpit apostemata, lenit virtute probata.’’*

Rufinus from Urbanus. 


31. **Aillium**: 
  



***Allium** est calidum *et* siccum in medio quarti gradus.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Sanat et appositum morsus cum melle caninos;
>   
> Pulmonis varias coctum cum lacte querelas
>   
> Potatumque iuvat vel crudum saepe comestum;
>   
> Cum centaurea Diocies dare praecipit illud
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.308
> 
> 
> Hydropicis;    
>   
> Idem nefreticis elixum sumere iussit.
>   
> Cumque faba coctum capitis sedare dolorem
>   
> Dicitur, attrito si tempora perlinis illo.
>   
> Anseris huic adipem iungas tepidumque dolenti
>   
> Infundas auri, praeclare subvenit illi.
>   
> Elixum tussim iuvat et suspiria sedat;
>   
> Adiuvat incoctum pulti sumptumque tenesmon
>   
> Porcino iungens adipi si conteris ipsum
>   
> Non modicos reprimes superaddens saepe tumores.’’
>*

MF 


*In dentibus allium contritum et superpositum dolorem minuit.’’*

Rufinus from Magister Salernus. 


*Visui obest oculorum, quia desiccat ... toti etiam nocet corpori si ultra modum sumatur quia generat lepram et multa alia ut apoplexiam, maniam, *et*c. Allium colericis nihil nocet, *et* coleram rubeam cito generat, flegmaticis prodest *et* paraliticis. Virtutem habet dissolvendi, consumendi *et* expellendi venenum. *Unde tyriaca rusticorum dicitur. Contra morsum venenatorum animalium accipe allia et tere et cataplasmetur. Succus etiam receptus intus discutit venenum.*[59](javascript:footNote('G600005/note059.html')) Locus ubi fuerit **morphea** scarificetur *et* post cum allio trito fricetur *et* cataplasmetur.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Clarificat raucam crudum coctum quoque vocem,
>   
> Sed magis elixum iuvat illam saepe comestum.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra lumbricos, accipe allia, piper, piretrum, petrosilinum *et* succum mente *et* acetum *et* facto inde salsamento intingat *paciens*[60](javascript:footNote('G600005/note060.html')) cibum *et* comedat. Ad aperiendum vias epatis *et* urinales meatus fiat salsamentum similiter. Contra stranguriam, dissuriam *et* dolorem yliorum ... Ad


---

p.309



provocandum menstrua, depiletur dens allii *et* bene mundatus ponatur in orificio matricis. Menstrua provocat, sicut dicit **Constantinus**. Uel sic. Coquantur allia in aqua *et* in tali aqua sedeat mulier usque ad umbilicum.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Hunc ignotarum potus non laedit aquarum
>   
> Nec diversorum mutatio facta locorum,
>   
> Allia qui mane ieiuno sumpserit ore.
>   
> Praxagoras illo fuit usus cum coriandro
>   
> Et vino, causas sic curans ictericorum.
>   
> Et sic potatum dicit quod molliat alvum.’’
>*

MF 


32. **Acantum**, **semen urtice**: 
  

***Urtica**.
  


> 1. ‘‘Sudorem movet ex oleo decocta perunctis;
>   
> Defluvium capitis, si succo seminis huius
>   
> Ungas saepe caput, reprimi dicit **Galienus**.
>   
> Si quadrupes quaecunque marem perferre recusat,
>   
> Urticae foliis illius vulva fricetur,
>   
> Sic naturalem calor excitat ille calorem.’’
>*

MF 


33. **Anetam**: 
  

***Anetum** calidum est *et* siccum in secundo gradu.’’*

CI


*Quod si uratur fir calidum *et* siccum in tertio gradu.’’*

Ysaac


*> 1. ‘‘Provocat urinas, obstantia quaeque repellens.’’
>*

MF 


*Servari autem potest per triennium in multa efficacia, melius tamen si
singulis annis renovetur. Herba vero diuretica est. Menstrua educit. Contra vitium pectoris ex frigiditate ponantur v ficus sicce vel


---

p.310




quatuor per noctem in succo aneti adiiciatur mane modicum vini *et* bulliat bene *et* detur colatura. Contra emorroydas ... anetum *et* acantum .i. semen urtice, sicca *et* pulveriza *et* facto emplastro impone. Ventris dolore prodest. Somnum provocat *et* mollia maturat apostemata. 
Singultum ex plenitudine amputat coctum in oleo *et* epithimatum. Anetum tortionem *et* inflationem mitigat.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Rodit crescentes cinis hic in vulnere carnes,
>   
> Ulcera quae serpunt et sordida vulnera curat.’’
>*

MF 


34. **Antera**, **flos rose**: 
  

*Rosa frigida est in primo gradu sicca in secundo. **Antera** dicitur scilicet flos rosarum scilicet quiddam quod interius reperitur.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Compescit sacrum, si trita apponitur, ignem,
>   
> Sic quoque, si stomachus calet aut praecordia, sedat;
>   
> Illius succum collyria plurima quaerunt.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra ruborem oculorum si fiat punctura aliqua, valent rose cataplasmate, sed prius in aqua cocte.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Fluxum matricis cum vino stringit et alvi,
>   
> Omnes fervores superaddita trita coercet.’’
>*

MF 


*Nota quod sirupus factus de rosis recentibus prius aliquantulum laxat, postea constringit. Sirupus factus de rosis siccis in principio *et* in fine constringit. Mel rosaceum, aqua rosata, zuccarum rosatum, sirupus rosatus, oleum rosaceum. *Oleum rosaceum:* Contra calefactionem epatis inungatur epar; contra etiam dolorem capitis ex caliditate *et* frigiditate frons *et* timpora inungantur. Contra sincopim detur cum aqua frigida. Valet contra fluxum ventris *et* vomitum. Pulvis eius superpositus uve humiditatem eius consumit.’’*

CI




---

p.311


*> 1. ‘‘Expurgat sordens vulnus repletque profundum
>   
> Et combusturis praeclare convenit ignis.’’
>*

MF 


35. **Anisum**, **ciminum dulse**: 
  

*Anisum, calidum *et* siccum in quarto gradu, alio nomine dicitur **ciminum dulce**. Virtutem habet dissolvendi *et* consumendi. Contra ventosam indigestionem *et* acidam eructuationem ... Valet contra indigestionem *et* dolorem intestinorum ex frigiditate. Contra dolorem aurium *et* maxime si ex humiditate fiat decoctio eius in succo pori *et* oleo in cortice cepulle, auribus instilletur. Ad augmentationem lactis *et* spermatis valet pulvis anisi sumptus in cibis vel potu. Contra livorem ex percussione *et* precipue si sit in facie *et* circa oculum, conteratur
anisum cum cimino *et* superponatur cura cera liquefacta. Decoctio anisi cum aliis herbis diureticis solvit opilationem splenis *et* epatis.’’*

CI


36. **Apum domisdicum**: 
  

*Apium *commune*[61](javascript:footNote('G600005/note061.html')) calidum est in principio 3 gradus *et* siccum in
medio eiusdem gradus. Cuius semen est maioris efficacie.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Illius succo si candida mica terendo
>   
> Panis iungatur, oculi sedare tumorem
>   
> Dicitur emplastri noctu superaddita more,
>   
> Sicque ferunt mammis prodesse tumentibus illam.’’
>*

MF 


**Contra frenesim et litargiam succus apii ... inungatur caput pacientis rasum tamen prius.*[62](javascript:footNote('G600005/note062.html'))’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Ventrem constringit, vomitum potata coercet,
>   
> Lymphae commixtum sibi si lungatur acetum;
>   
> Aegris amissum fertur reparare colorem,
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.312
> 
> 
> Cruda a ieiunis fuerit si saepe comesta.
>   
> Unaquaque die vexantem corpora febrem
>   
> Cum lympha potata iuvat febris ante tremorem.
>   
> Hydropicos et splen tumidum iuvat ilia, iecurque
>   
> Si cum feniculi succo contrita bibatur.
>   
> Illius succus farris cum polline mixtus
>   
> Atque ovi lacrymo vulnus bene purgat et ulcus,
>   
> Si superaddatur emplastri more frequenter.’’
>*

MF 


*Sunt *et* alie maneries apii, scilicet apium *ranarum*[63](javascript:footNote('G600005/note063.html')) vel reninum *et* apium risus *et* apium emorroydarum. Spleneticis valde confert unde apium risus dicitur; quia melancolicum purgat humorem abundantem ex cuius abundantia fit tristitia. Ex ipsius .. sequitur scilicet letitia et inde risus. Apium emorroydarum ... emorroydas exiccat. Nota quod apium nocet pregnantibus quia virtute sua dissolvit retinacula fetus ... pregnantibus assuetantibus apio: necessario in corpore infantis putrida apostemata *et* putrida vulnera nascuntur.
Item, lactantes abstineant ab apio ne puer fiat vel insipiens vel epilenticus ... Nocet vero pueris; illa enim etas propter humiditatis multitudinem *et* virtutum debilitationem *et* artuum constrictionem parata est ad epilepsiam.’’*

CI


37. **Auripimentum**, **arsenicum**: 
  

Auripigmentum calidum *et* siccum est in quarto gradu. Dissolvit, attrahit *et* mundificat. Pueris autem detur ℈ i auripigmenti cum ovo sorbili vel cum vino vel cum lacte mulieris. Contra antiquum asma *et* tussim ... ponatur auripigmentum super prunas *et* ... recipiat patiens fumum per embotum. Contra impetiginem *et* serpiginem **morpheam


---

p.313



albam**, accipe lib*r*as iii **saponis spatarensis** et tertiam auripigmenti *et* distempera *et* fac unguentum *et* inunge. Ad ungues reparandos, accipe serapinum, et misce cum eo auripigmenti pulverem *et* oleum *et* ceram et inde fac emplastrum *et* pone super unguem. *Editor does not supply source of Latin text. [BF]*


 38. **Arracia**, **attriplex**: 
  

*Atriplex frigida est in primo gradu, humida in secundo.’’*

Ysaac 


*> 1. ‘‘Attriplicem tritam cum nitro, melle et aceto,
>   
> Dicunt appositam calidam sedare podagram.’’
>*

MF 




---

p.314


39. **Arigentum uium**: 
  

***Argentum vivum** calidum *et* humidum est in 4� gradu. Dissolvit *et* incidit *et* penetrat. Diutissime servatur, in vase autem solido conservatur in loco frigido. Farina lupinorum amarorum decoquatur in aceto fortissimo usque ad spissitudinem *et* addita ℥ *semis* argenti vivi extincti fiat immixtio *et* caput patientis ex abundantia **pediculorum** inungatur per discriminalia. Fumus autem argenti vivi astantibus obest quia remolliendo nervos paralisim operatur. Ore autem receptum vel auribus immissum occidit dissipando membra. Si autem fuerit ore receptum detur lac caprinum in multa quantitate *et* patiens fit in motu vel detur vinum decoctionis ysopi *et* **absinthii**, haec autem sunt ad salutem remedia. Ad pannos faciei post partum cum assungia gallinacea argentum vivum *et* cerusa conficiatur, ex hoc facies inuncta clarificatur *et* dealbatur. Virtutem habet dissolvendi penetrandi *et* consumendi *et* mundificandi. Extinguitur autem cum saliva *et* fricatur cum cinere *et* saliva. Contra scabiem *et pruritum*[64](javascript:footNote('G600005/note064.html')) oleo nucis parum calefacto admisce acetum, deinde vero litargirium *et* cerusam pulverizatam si habeas in eadem quantitate bullias ad spissitudinem mellis *et* illis refrigeratis impone argentum vivum *et* commisce *et* usui reserva.’’*

CI


40. **Asufetida**: 
  

*Assa fetida calida est *et* sicca in 4 gradu. Gummi arboris est. Quanto fetidior tanto melior. Virtutem habet dissolvendi attrahendi consumendi. Asmaticis ex humida causa laborantibus maxime prosunt,


---

p.315



vel cum sirupo violaceo. Patientibus in pectore ... Contra ... quartanam febrem ... Splenem mollificat. Contra paralisim *et* podagram artheticam *et* epilepsiam *et* contra omne vitium ex frigida causa ...
epilepsia vitio capitis ...’’*

CI


41. **Aroistoloia longa**, **ar*oistolola* rotunda**: 
  

*Aristolochia *MF*, Aristologia *CI*, diverse sunt species, longa *et* rotunda.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Omnes vim calidam siccamque leguntur habere,
>   
> In primo vis sicca gradu fervensque secundo.
>   
> Pestiferos morsus cum vino sumpta rotunda
>   
> Curat et assumptis prodest sic hausta venenis;
>   
> Hocque modo tardas educit sumpta secundas;
>   
>     frigora sumpta repellit;
>   
> Quodlibet infixum superaddita trita repellit,
>   
> Vulnera cum mellis purgatque repletque liquore;
>   
> Sic etiam spasmis super omnia subvenit hausta;
>   
> Et ventris nimium sic mitigat illa dolorem;
>   
> Et sedat diram sic saepius hausta podagram;
>   
> Si mixta potatur aqua; febresque malignas
>   
> Hoc potata modo fertur compescere mire.
>   
> Daemonium fumus depellere dicitur eius;
>   
> Fistula curatur huius radicibus herbae,
>   
> Si bene purgatis eius loca concava farcis;
>   
> Singultus sumpta sedari dicitur illa.
>   
> Omnia longa potest quae dixi posse rotundam.’’
>*

MF 


*Rotunda magis competit medicine. Radix in autumno collecta *et* 
exiccata


---

p.316



per biennium servatur in multa efficacia. Et nota quod omnes herbe quarum radices competunt medicine tunc debent colligi quando adsunt flores ... folia vero in tempore productionis florum ... Virtutem habent consumendi *et* expellendi venenum. Ad expellendum fetum mortuum *et* pecus *mortuum*[65](javascript:footNote('G600005/note065.html')) coquatur radix in vino *et* oleo *et* fiat fomentum iuxta femur. Pulvis eius mortuam carnem leviter corrodit seu in vulnere seu in fistula. Potata cum pipere *et* mira, sordiciem parturientium mundificat. Rigorem febrium ... amputat si cum aqua bibatur.’’*

CI


42. **Artamesia**, **mater herbarum**: 
  

*Arthemisia que mater herbarum dicitur calida est *et* sicca in quarto gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Praecipue morbis muliebribus ista medetur:
>   
> Menstrua deducit eius decoctio sumpta,
>   
> Hocque facit, matrix si saepe fovetur eadem,
>   
> Vel si cruda mero sociata terendo bibatur,
>   
> Aut si trita virens super alvum nocte ligetur.
>   
> Affirmant quidam, quisquis gustaverit illam,
>   
> Quod nullo valeat nocuo medicamine laedi,
>   
> Et quod eum morsu non appetat ulla ferarum.
>   
> Succus ad hoc eius cum vino proderit haustus.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra tenasmon ex frigiditate recipiat patiens fumum colofonie per anum, posite super carbones, deinde calefaciat arthemisiam supra testam *et* calefacta ponatur super lapidem molarem *et* desuper sedeat infirmus. Folia eius magis competunt usui medicine quam radices, viridia magis quam exiccata. *Per annum possunt servari.*[66](javascript:footNote('G600005/note066.html')) Valet


---

p.317



contra sterilitatem factam ex humiditate, nam si ex siccitate esset, obesset. Prodest tamen magis si balneetur in aqua ubi cocta sit arthemisia *et* folia lauri. Contra glandulas que nascuntur iuxta anum ... ponatur pulvis arthemisie *et* marubii. Contra emigraneam *et* cephaleam detur ... cum vino decoctionis arthemisie.’’*

CI


43. **Athanasia**, **tanesetum**: 
  

*Fluxum constringit ventris, muliebria sistit,
Sanguinei sputi causas abstergit et undas,
Fortiter exsiccat athanasia sanguine nares.’’*

Otho Cremonensis 


44. **Athasar**, **polem regale**: 
  

*Pulegium calidum est et siccum in tertio gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Sicque[67](javascript:footNote('G600005/note067.html')) venenatis serpentum morsibus obstat;
>   
> Obstat serpentum cum vino sumpta venenis.
>   
> Aut aliquo casu subito defecerit aeger,
>   
> Quod solet a doctis medicis malefactio dici,
>   
> Pulegium valido tritum iungatur aceto,
>   
> Naribus aegroti sic apponatur, odore
>   
> Solo confestim dicunt relevare iacentem.
>   
> Cum vino nigram choleram potata repellit.’’
>*

MF 


*Gargarismus factus ex aceto decoctionis pulegii *et* ficuum siccarum humiditatem uve *et* gingivarum desiccat.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘    cum vino sumpta tepenti,
>   
> Et sic urinam compellit reddere largam;
>   
> Menstrua deducit cum vino sumpta tepenti.’’
>*

MF 


*Vinum decoctionis eius contra dolorem stomachi *et* intestinorum ex


---

p.318



frigiditate vel ventositate.’’*

CI


*Gingivas sicci pulvis confirmat et usti.’’*

MF 


**Crispelle etiam facte ex pulvere eius et subtili farina et aqua ad eadem*[68](javascript:footNote('G600005/note068.html')) *valent.*[69](javascript:footNote('G600005/note069.html'))’’*

CI


45. **Auansia**, **gairiofilata**: 
  

*Gariofilata herba est que multa habet nomina. Dicitur enim **pes leporis**, **sana munda**, **avancia** et **herba benedicta**.’’*

Rufinus himself. 


*Gariofilata vel gariofilatum calida est *et* sicca in secundo gradu. Efficaciam habet maiorem secundum folia quam secundum radices. Virtutem habet dissolvendi, consumendi, *et* aperiendi. Ad menstrua provocanda fiat fomentum ex vino decoctionis eius. Contra *colicam*[70](javascript:footNote('G600005/note070.html')) passionem ... Ad confortandum digestionem *et* dolorem stomaci *et* intestinorum ex frigiditate *et* ventositate detur vinum decoctionis eius. Dicitur autem gariofilata quia habet odorem simile gariofilis ... vel effectum.’’*

CI


46. **Auellana**, **nux parba**: 
  

*Avellane ... plus nucibus sunt nutritive. Inflationem in ventre generant, maxime si cum interiori cortice comedantur. Que interiori cortice ablato fiunt ... utiles antiquam habenti bus tussim, precipue si pistate vescantur cum melle. Cum veteri adipe ursi vel suis allopitiosis sunt iuvative, locisque denudatis capillos revocant. Quod si ex eo cataplasma feceris cum cepe *et* sale *et* melle morsui rabidi canis proficiet. ’’*

Ysaac 




---

p.319


47. **Auena**: 
  

***Auena** vires habet leniter relaxantes. Et ad omnem tumorem facientes, mollit duricies. Ideo ad egilapas farina eius cataplasmatis coniuncta congrue facit.’’*

CI


48. **Auricula muris**: 
  

***Auricula muris**, illa quam nominavit Dia*scorides* extrahit spinos *et* furculos. Eius sternutatio mundificat cerebrum. Confert epilepsie bibita.’’*

Avicenna 


49. **Aurum**: 
  

***Aurum** temperatius est quolibet metallo. Aurum de vena terre fit per *excoctionem*[71](javascript:footNote('G600005/note071.html')) *et* in decoctione quod superfluum ab auro separatur *cathimia* dicitur seu spuma auri. Valet etiam contra elefantiam *et* cardiacam passionem *et* sincopim splenem et infrigidatorem stomachi. Potest etiam dari ... semel vel bis in septimana, in cibo vel potu. Valet ad preservationem timentium lepram. Pulvis vero cathimie more collirii vel simpliciter oculis impositus maculas oculorum corrodit. Eorum que confortant, alia confortant membra reparando tantum spiritus ut aromatica, alia restaurando membra, ut cibus et potus, alia relaxando, ut medicine laxative, ... alia confortant *depurgando* superfluitatem que opprimendo membra debilitabat. Depurando valet superfluitatem humorum *et* abstergendo.’’*

CI


50. **Balanon**, **glans**: 
  

*Glandes frigide sunt in primo gradu, sicce in secundo.’’*

Ysaac 


*Glans frigida stiptica est *et* sicca *et* siccitas ipsius est in secundo


---

p.320


*gradu*. Folio preterea glandis coherere faciunt plagas cum teruntur *et* pulverizantur desuper.’’*

Avicenna 


*Valet ad fluxum sanguinis.’’*

Ysaac 


*Constringit *et* confert dysenterie *et* ulceribus intestinorum *et* fluxui sanguinis *et* multiplicat urinam. Prohibet ... quum aduritur *et* administratur.’’*

Avicenna 


*Capitis dolorem faciunt propter earum fumum in stomacho atque diafragmate clausum.’’*

Ysaac 


51. **Balsamum**: 
  

*Balsamus arbor est ... Circa Babiloniam reperitur. Opobalsamum succus balsami est ... est calidus *et* siccus in secundo gradu. Sed si parum opobalsamum ponatur in palato, cerebrum ita calefacit. Est ergo eligendum sic, purum opobalsamum est citrinum *et* multum clarum. Est autem alia probatio: pone aquam in aliquo vase *et* pone opobalsamum in illa aqua, postea move cum aliquo ligno, si sit sophisticatum, vel terbintine additum, turbatur. Si sit purum opobalsamum, non turbatur.’’*

CI


52. **Barba filicana**, **plantago maigheor**: 
  

**Plantago** *MF*, **Arnoglosa** *CI*.


*Frigida est et sicca in secundo gradu. Utilis est ad desiccandum vulnera et mundificandum putredinem eorum.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘    nimis humida vulnera siccat,
>   
> Si superaddatur cum melle, et sordida purgat,
>   
> Cum sale sicut olus si iuncta coquatur aceto,
>   
> Ventrem restringit nimium sic mansa fluentem.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.321
> 
> 
> ert haemoptoicis hic opem, si saepe bibatur
>   
> Per se, fortior est si sit coniunctus aceto;
>   
> Sicque iuvat phthisicos.    
>   
> Stringit manantem superaddita trita cruorem.
>   
> Ovi cum lacrymo mire medicatur adustos.
>   
> Sola canis morsum curat.    
>   
>     ferturque iuvare caducos.
>   
> Sordida purgabit bene vulnera quaelibet oris,
>   
> Ore diu tentus si succus volvitur eius,
>   
>   
> [*...*]  
>  ... succus
>   
> Et ... sedabitur et **sacer ignis**.
>   
> Saepius hanc ipsam si dentibus atteris herbam,
>   
> Gingivas reprimet tumidas et sanguine plenas,
>   
> Sicque solet dentis compescere saepe dolorem.
>   
> Succus cum lana matrici subditus eius
>   
> Stringit manantem nimium siccando cruorem.
>   
> Vesicae renumque iuvat potata dolorem.
>   
> Dicunt non nasci scrophas gestantibus eius
>   
> Radicem collo suspensam, vis sibi tanta est.
>   
> Radices eius tres contere, iungito tritis
>   
> Vini tres cyathos et aquae fac sit modus idem,
>   
> Haec nondum tremulo potanda dabis febrienti,
>   
> Sic pelles febrem, cui dat lux tertia nomen,
>   
> Bis binae quoque quartanis prodesse putantur
>   
> Cum totidem vini cyathis si dentur et amnis.
>   
> Si porcina vetus axungia iungitur illi,
>   
> Sedabit duros istud cataplasma tumores.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.322
> 
> 
> Eius potatum depellit sperma secundas.
>   
> Si via longa pedum movet, ut fit saepe, dolorem,
>   
> Acri cum vino superaddita trita iuvabit.’’
>*

MF 


53. **Barba sina**: 
  

***Barba hyrcina**.
  

Immo frigiditas eius est in fine primi *et* siccitas eius est vehemens perveniens ad tertium. Est stiptica usque ad terminum. Folia eius cum exsiccantur consolidant *et* conferunt ulceribus antiquis. Eius flos in omnibus illis est fortior. Flos *et* folia *et* radix eius quodcumque fuerit cum bibitur cum aqua ordei ulceribus pulmonis confert. Confortat stomachum *et* prohibet effusiones materierum ad ipsum. Est fortior medicina ad ulcera intestinorum quum bibitur; flos eius proprie aut succus eius cum vino ad fluxum sanguinis ex matrice in modum emplastri superpositus aut bibitus.’’*

Avicenna 


54. **Barba siluana**: 
  

*Buglossa.
  


> 1. ‘‘Lingua bovis graeco sermone **Buglossa** vocatur,
>   
> Haec choleram rubeam nimio fervore perustam
>   
> MenstruPurgat, cum vino fuerit si sumpta frequenter.
>   
> Cardiacum, cholerae quem fecit copia nigrae,
>   
> Consimili potata modo curare valebit.
>   
> Vim memorem cerebri dicunt servare periti
>   
> Vinum potatum, quo sit macerata Buglossa.’’
> 


[72](javascript:footNote('G600005/note072.html'))*

MF 




---

p.323


55. **Barba Iouis**, **semperuiua**: 
  

***Semperviva** dicitur **barba Iovis** ... frigida est in iii gradu, sicca in
primo.’’*

CI


*(s.v. Acidula):*
  

*> 1. ‘‘Dicimus Acidulam, quam Graecus dicit **Aizon**;
>   
> Sic dici credunt, sapor illi quod sit aceti.
>   
> Crescit arenosis in pratis et secus amnes,
>   
> Hanc avide quidam comedunt in tempore veris
>   
> Expertumque ferunt, sibi quod fastidia tollat,
>   
> Altera vero minor species est istius herbae,
>   
> Quam **Sempervivam** dicunt, quoniam viret omni
>   
> Tempore, **Barba Iovis** vulgari more vocatur;
>   
> Esse refert similem praedictae **Plinius** istam,
>   
> Nec minus hanc cunctis praedictis posse iuvare,
>   
> Virtus est illi siccans et frigida valde
>   
> Tertius a medicis datus est gradus huic in utroque.
>   
> Hac fugit apposita **sacer ignis** et herpeta mordax,
>   
> Et tumor ex oculis tritae cataplasmate cedit.
>   
> Ulcera, quae serpunt, cohibet combustaque curat.’’
>*

MF 


  

*Contra usturam ignis vel aque ...’’CI*
  

*> 1. ‘‘Et multum calidae dicunt prodesse podagrae,
>   
> Si fuerit foliis illius operta virentis
>   
> Aut cataplasmetur mixta contrita polenta.
>   
> Omne genus fluxus ventris restringere mire
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.324
> 
> 
> Cum vino potata solet vel mansa frequenter,
>   
> Hocque modo nimium manantia menstrua sistit,
>   
> Vel si matrici tritam viridem superaddas.’’
> 

MF*


---

p.325


56. **Bardana** *no* **lapa**: 
  

*Bardana ... alio nomine dicitur **lapa inversa** alii **lappa maior**. Prima cura eius est contra morsum chanis rabidi. Radicis ipsius *et* modico salis bene contere *et* superpone, mirabiliter sanat. Contra omnes fetidas aqua decoctionis foliorum eius sepe adiunge fetidis. Item, hec herba decocta addito modico salis nigri *et* axungia*et* picula*et* aceto omnia simul fac unguentum *et* superpone *et* sanabitur cito.’’*

CI (Modena) 


57. **Branca ursina**: 
  

*Calida est et humida in primo gradu. Contra frigida apostemata utilis est usus eius hoc modo: folia conterantur cum assungia porcina veteri et superponantur. Contra ... ariditatem nervorum fiat unguentum ex **branca ursina** contrita et macerata diu in oleo, colature addatur cera *et* fiat unguentum contra predicta.’’*

CI


58. **Beta** & **pleta**, **cicula**: 
  

***Sicla**, quam vulgus **blitam** appellat. Calida et sicca in primo gradu.’’*

Ysaac 


***Sicla**. Ex aqua eius cum felle **gruis** fit caputpurgium *et* delet torturam *et* valet ad ulcera narium; *et* eius aqua tepida distillatur in aurem *et* sedat dolorem. Succus eius *et* decoctio foliorum eius ... confert alopitie ... *et* interficit pediculos. Folia eius bona sunt decocta adustioni ignis *et* conferunt impetigini lenita cum melle.’’*

Avicenna 


*Que tamen si in aqua coquatur *et* condiatur cum aceto et **obsomagaro**


---

p.326



carui vel oleo **omphacino** vel amygdaleo fit digestioni facilis ... maxime si fit de grossis humoribus *et* viscosis.’’*

Ysaac 


 59. **Bilonia**, **molena**: 
  

***Tapsus barbassus**. 
  

Etiam emorroidas sanat. Frigida est *et* sicca. Viridis valet, sicca minime. Virtutem habet constringendi *et* consolidandi. Contra emorroidas ... ex vino decoctionis eius *et* vinum etiam ano infundatur *et* herba cataplasmetur ... multotiens.’’*

CI


60. **Bolus Armenicus**: 
  

*Bolus frigidus est *et* siccus in secundo gradu ... dicitur bolus Armenicus. Virtutem habet constringendi. Confice pulverem boli cum succo plantaginis ... Est autem eligendus qui rubeus est ... aliquantulum frangibilis. Per os detur vel iniice per clistere ... si fuerit ex inferiori intestino per anum, si ex superiori per os.’’*

CI


61. **Borax**: 
  

***Borax** calida est et sicca in quarto gradu. Est autem gumi cuiusdam arboris. Virtutem habet mundificandi, abstergendi et attrahendi. **Borax** est eligenda que alba est *et* lucida *et* dura. Ad faciem clarificandam *et* pannum removendum ... pulvis eius conficiatur cum aqua rosacea et facies illiniatur ... conficiunt mulieres cum melle ... conficiunt ... unguentum ex gallinacea assungia cum pulvere **boracis** ... in ii ℥ aque rosacee possunt poni iii ℈ boracis, in i libra mellis ponatur ℥ i boracis.’’*

CI




---

p.327


62. **Bursa pastoris**: 
  

*Bursa pastoris. Quia fluxum sanguinis e naribus sistit. Valet contra fluxum sanguinis e naribus.’’*

CI (Modena) 


[73](javascript:footNote('G600005/note073.html'))


63. **Bitonica**: 
  

***Betonica** calida est et sicca in tertio gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Urinas potata ciet, lapidesque repellit;
>   
> Hydropicos siccat cum vino melleque sumpta.
>   
> Betonicae pulvis cocto cum melle iugatus
>   
> Empicos, tussimque iuvat, suspiria sedat,
>   
> Et stomachi varios sumptus iuvat ille dolores,
>   
> Si febrit ex calida, cum vino si febris absit.
>   
> Cum **mulsa** bibitus idem pulvis movet alvum.
>   
> Cum sale contritis foliis cataplasmate facto
>   
> Vulnera curabis, fuerint quae facta recenter;
>   
> De foliis eius elixis fit cataplasma
>   
> Utile non modicum variis vitiis oculorum;
>   
> Restringit lacrymas oculorum mansa vel hausta,
>   
> Hac etiam caligo solet metuenda repelli,
>   
> Aequo cum ruta fuerit si pondere iuncta
>   
> Et sic cum lympha sumatur trita tepenti,
>   
> Sic oculis nocuus sanguis per subtiliora
>   
> Dicitur expelli, sic lumina libera reddi.
>   
> Uncia Betonicae socianda quaterna vetusti
>   
> Cum vini cyathis tribus, his sint addita grana
>   
> Viginti septem piperis, simul haec bene trita
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.328
> 
> 
> Haustaque purgabunt renes, pellentque dolores.
>   
> Splen iuvat illius decoctio sumpta iecurque.
>   
> Unaquaque die febre si vexabitur aeger
>   
> Uncia iungatur plantaginis una duabus
>   
> Betonicae, sic cum tepida contrita bibantur,
>   
> Antea quam febris praenuncia frigora fiant.
>   
> Cum **mulsa** bibltus prodest pulvis foliorum
>   
> Ruptis atque steras potus levat iste cadentes,
>   
> Uncia Betonicae cum vino sumpta tepenti
>   
> Ictericos curat, cum **mulsa** menstrua solvit.’’
>*

MF 


64. **Balsamita**: 
  

***Sisimbrium** calidum est et siccum in iii gradu. Contra reuma capitis ex frigiditate fiat sacellatio super caput ex ipsa herba calefacta in olla rudi sine aliquo liquore. Idem valet semen contra dolorem ex ventositate in superficie alicuius partis corporis. Contra ... yliacam passionem ... Virtutem habet diureticam.’’*

CI


65. **Burneta**: 
  

***Sorbastrella** calida est et sicca.’’*

CI (Modena) 


66. **Bibolica *vel* biliria**: 
  

*No Latin.*


67. **Butirum**: 
  

***Butyrum**. Calidum est *et* humidum in primo. Est maturativum resolutivum mollificativum. Est sedativum dolorum interiorum. Linitur ex eo


---

p.329



corpus ... *et* nutrit *et* impinguat. Confert *vulneribus*[74](javascript:footNote('G600005/note074.html')) nervorum *et* implet ulcera *et* purgat ea. Linitur ex eo caro gingivarum infantium *et* fit facilis ortus dentium. Confert tussi sicce *et* frigide. Et similiter in pleuresi *et* peripneumonia *et* sputum facit facile *et* maturat. Prohibet sputum sanguinis.’’*

Avicenna 


68. **Calamentum** (*vel* c*ala*mentum maighis): 
  

**Nepeta**.
  

*> 1. ‘‘Herbam, quam Nepetam vulgari more vocamus,
>   
> Hanc medici graeco Calamenti nomine dicunt,
>   
> Sicca calensque sibi vis est et tertius illi
>   
> Est in utroque gradus. Cum **mulsa** sicca tepenti
>   
> Sumpta solet totum sudore resolvere corpus;
>   
> Ex oleo, quo sit decocta, perunge fricando
>   
> Illum, venturae metuit qui frigora febris,
>   
> Non frigus tantum sed febrem saepe repellit;
>   
> Illi, qui sciasim patitur, coxae superadde
>   
> Contritam viridem, fertur comburere pellem
>   
> Et sic humores siccando fugare dolores;
>   
> Appositu potuque suo cito menstrua purgat.
>   
> Serpentum morsus superaddita trita nocere
>   
> Non sinit, et pellit cum vino sumpta venena.
>   
> Potus et iniectus lumbricos enecat eius
>   
> Succus et in membris vermes necat omnibus ipse,
>   
> Si mel iungatur huic cum sale plus operatur.’’
>*

MF 


*Sucus eius auribus distilatus vermes occidit.’’*

Rufinus from Copho. 


*> 1. ‘‘Si bibit hanc praegnans aut tritam subdit, abortit.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.330
> 
> 
>     cum vino curat anhelos,
>   
> Asthmaticos medici quos graeco nomine dicunt,
>   
> Et iecoris morbos cum vino mitigat hausta;
>   
> Compescit stomachi cum vino sumpta dolorem.
>   
> Tollere singultum cum vino dicitur hausta.’’
>*

MF 


69. **Ciclamin**, **malum *terre***: 
  

***Ciclamen** calidum est *et* siccum in tertio gradu, quod *et* **cassamus** *et* **panis porcinus** dicitur *et* **malum terre** alio nomine appellatur, Habet virtutem dissolvendi consumendi et attrahendi. Contra apostema ex frigida causa, quod non possit rumpi spissitudine cutis, pomum ipsum conteratur *et* in oleo bulliat *et* calidum superponatur aut per exteriora aut interiora purgabitur. Contra fistulam, tenta de radice facta imponatur ... Pulvis eius carnem superfluam corrodit. Debet autem circa finem autumni colligi ... potest per triennium in magna efficacia servari.’’*

CI


70. **Cameactis**, **ebulus**: 
  

***Ebulus** calida est et sicca. *Alio nomine dicitur **cameactus***.[75](javascript:footNote('G600005/note075.html')) Habet virtutem consumendi dissolvendi *et* purgandi principaliter fiegma. Balneum factum ex aqua salsa decoctionis ipsius herbe valet arthetice et leucoflegmantie. *Succus turionum.*[76](javascript:footNote('G600005/note076.html')) Contra ... arteticam, podagram *et* ciragram, detur succus radicis eius cum pulvere esule addito zuccaro. *Vel pulvis radicum eius cum suco feniculi.* Contra tumorem extremitatum fiat fomentum ex aqua salsa sed in decoctione radicum eius et turionum et totius herbe.’’*

CI




---

p.331


71. **Cinoglosa**: 
  

***Lingua canis** herba est que alio nomine dicitur **cynoglossa**.’’*

Modena 


72. **Cinis omnis**: 
  

*Cinis. Omnis est abstersivus exsiccativus. Cinis lignorum stipticorum ... retinet sanguinem.’’*

Avicenna 


73. **Citonalens**: 
  

*No Latin.*


74. **Conconidum**: 
  

***Laureola** calida est *et* sicca in tertio gradu. Frutex est cuius semen vel fructus usui competit medicine, cuius semen **coconidium** dicitur. Virtutem habet principaliter purgandi flegma *et* coleram.’’*

CI


*Virtutem habet dissolvendi et purgandi crossos humores, precipue flegmaticos. Principaliter purgat flegma et coleram innaturalem, citrinam et vitellinam ... unde cottidianarie et tertianarie nothe valet.’’*

Rufinus from Alexander & Maurus. 


*Acuatur inde **benedicta** vel **ieralogodion** ad flegma purgandum, oxi*mel* vel **trifera saracenica**; ad purgandum coleram ad plus in quantitate ℈ 5 addito mastice vel gumi arabico vel bdellio ad repressionem acuminis medicine. Movet per superiora *et* inferiora. Pulvis **coconidii** diu buliat in oleo *et* ex tali oleo inunge pectinem *et* renes contra stranguriam dissuriam *et* propter tenasmon ex frigido *et* glutinoso humore adherente intestinis. Auribus immittatur propter surditatem. Fiat suppositum ex bombace in eodem intincto.[77](javascript:footNote('G600005/note077.html'))’’*

CI




---

p.332


75. **Codion**: 
  

***Papaver**.
  


> 1. ‘‘Ex huius teneris **opium** faciunt capitellis;
>   
> Sunt, qui contundunt cum lacte suo capitella,
>   
> De quibus expressum siccant in sole liquorem.’’
>*

MF 


*Cuius duplex est maneries, album scilicet *et* nigrum.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Tres illi tribuunt species: flos unius albus,
>   
> Alterius roseus, rubeus pallensque minoris
>   
> Flos est, hanc vulgo dicunt agreste Papaver.
>   
> De specie vero, roseos quam gignere flores
>   
> Dixi, conficiunt oleum de semine tunso
>   
> Non modicum gustu iocundum somniferumque.
>   
> Tertia, cui flos est rubeus semenque nigellum,
>   
> Praestat, si bibitur, reliquarum more soporem.
>   
> Elixatura tepida cuiusque harum
>   
> Aeger si foveat faciem, vel si bibat illam,
>   
> Optatum capiet, nisi sit mors proxima, somnum.
>   
> Sperma nigri bibitum cum vino stringere ventrem
>   
> Dicitur, hocque modo fluxus inhibet muliebres.
>   
> Pondere denarii debent haec semina sumi,
>   
> Nam plus letargum vel mortem saepius infert.
>   
> De foliis eius tritis factum cataplasma
>   
> Eximie fauces dicunt curare tumentes,
>   
> Quosque vocant sacros extinguere dicitur ignes.
>   
> Frigore vel cantu, potuve, clbove, vel aestu
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.333
> 
> 
> Aspera si fuerit vocalis reddita vena,
>   
> Apposito tali fiet medicamine lenis.
>   
> Hoc quoque femineo cum lacte crocoque subacto
>   
> Ungendo calidam poteris sedare podagram.’’
>*

MF 


*Ad somnum provocandum fit emplastrum de semine utriusque papaveris, vel alterius cum lacte mulieris, vel albumine ovi circa timpora. Contra calefactionem epatis *et* calida apostemata in principio semen papaveris vel ipsa herba trita conficiatur cum oleo *rosaceo*[78](javascript:footNote('G600005/note078.html')) *et* superponatur. Contra siccitatem membrorum ut est in ethica febre *et* in aliis, oleum violarum calefiat aliquantulum *et* pulvis seminis papaveris albi conficiatur cum eo *et* fiat inunctio spine per totum. Contra siccitatem pectoris *et* consumptionem membrorum diapapaver quod ex eo fit principaliter valet vel fiat electuarium de succo liquiritie gumi arabico dragaganto ana *et* de semine papaveris albi in quantitate aliorum predictorum *et* conficiatur cum sirupo.’’*

CI


76. **Cornu serui**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Sed prius exuri sic ignibus illud oportet:
>   
> Partes ad minimas Cornu frangendo redactum.
>   
> Si dentifriciis mixtum sit, plus operantur.
>   
> Quisquis habet dentes morbo graviore dolentes.
>   
> Collyriis etiam miscetur pulvere facto,
>   
> Rheumata quae sistunt, ulcusque iuvant oculorum.
>   
> Quod simul est ustum, veluti quoque cadmia lotum,
>   
> Utile subscriptis potu et medicamine notum est:
>   
> ... haemoptoicisque ...’’
>*

Spuria Macri 




---

p.334


77. **Cauda purcina**: 
  

***Paucedanum** calidum est *et* siccum. Herba est que alio nomine **feniculus porcinus** dicitur. Per annum servatur. Habet virtutem diureticam. Contra opilationem epatis *et* splenis stranguriam dissuriam. Cataplasmata renibus *et* pectini.’’*

CI




---

p.335


78. **Caulis ortentis**: 
  

*Caulis frigidus *et* siccus in primo gradu. Qui duplex est, est quidam similis blitis, *et* est qui vocatur canabit.’’*

Ysaac 


*> 1. ‘‘Caulis romana, Graecorum Brassica lingua
>   
> Dicitur; hic quamvis passim nascatur in hortis,
>   
> Est tamen illius ad multa salutifer usus.
>   
> Vulnera non tantum curare recentia Caulem
>   
> Ipsemet[79](javascript:footNote('G600005/note079.html')) affirmat, sed quamvis inveterata,
>   
> Et cancros etiam; loca sed prius amne lavari
>   
> Praecipit, aut vino tepido, sic denique crudum
>   
> Unaquaque die bis tritum apponere Caulem.
>   
> Hordea quam dederint Cauli miscere farinam
>   
> Idem praecipit, rutam quoque cura coriandro
>   
> Et sale permodico, sic omnia mixta terendo
>   
> Apponi dirae docuit cataplasma podagrae.
>   
> Illius urinam, fuerit qui Caulibus usus,
>   
> Causis nervorum calefactam censuit aptam;
>   
> Omnes confirmant caligine lumina tergi,
>   
> Eius, qui viridi vescetur Caule frequenter.
>   
> Acri non scissum si iungis alumen aceto
>   
> Et Caules, sic ut corpus redigantur in unum.
>   
> Cuncta terendo diu potes his compescere lepras,
>   
> Et plures alias maculas his saepe perungens.
>   
> His etiam crines poteris retinere fluentes.
>   
> Dicitur et testes istud curare tumentes
>   
> Et varios morbos, genitalia quos patiuntur,
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.336
> 
> 
> Et melius si praedictis faba cocta iugatur.
>   
> Cum fenugraeco si tundas hunc et aceto,
>   
> Et super artet icos apponas ista dolores,
>   
> Multum subvenies illis, vitiisque podagrae
>   
> Non modicum poterit istud cataplasma mederi.
>   
> Fit cinis ex siccis Caulis radicibus ustis,
>   
> Subditus hic uvam relevat siccando iacentem.
>   
> Assumptus crudus, sic ut tingatur aceto,
>   
> Splen reprimit tumidum; semen depellit abortum,
>   
> menstrua purgat;    
>   
> Si multum coquitur, restringere dicitur alvum.
>   
> Uncto cum veteri Caulis cineres bene triti
>   
> Prosunt ad veteres lateris coxaeque dolores.’’
>*

MF 


79. **Celedonia**: 
  

*Celidonia calida est *et* sicca in quarto gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Florentis succus cum melle coquatur in aere
>   
> Igne levi, spumam donec proiecerit omnem ...
>   
> Utilius nullum dicunt oculis medicamen,
>   
> Quos caligo nocet, si sint hoc saepe peruncti.
>   
> Dentis, ut affirmant, prohibet contrita dolorem.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra dolorem dentium ex frigida causa radix aliquantulum trita inter dentem dolentem *et* alium dentem supposita vel superposita teneatur.’’*

CI


*Centaurea calida est *et* sicca in 4� gradu. Habet autem virtutem



---

p.337



diureticam attractivam *et* consumptivam. Est autem centaurea maior que maioris est efficiacie *et* est minor que minoris est efficacie. Centaurea maiorem habet efficaciam secundum folia *et* flores. Cum incipit flores producere debet colligi ... per annum in magna efficacia servatur.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Fomento nervis eadem medicabitur aegris,
>   
> Illius succus deducit menstrua sumptus,
>   
> Pellit abortivum.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra splenis *et* epatis opilationem renum *et* vesice stranguriam *et* dissuriam valet vinum decoctionis eius. Unguentum etiam confectum ex pulvere eius vel ex succo vel oleo addita cera contra splenem valet. Contra vermes aurium iniiciatur succus eius cum succo pororum mixtus in aurium concavitate. Ad maculam fiat colirium de pulvere eius *et* aqua rosacea, hoc multum valet. Succus eius cum melle mixtus oculorum clarificat obscuritatem. Ad splenis *et* epatis duriciem fiat sirupus hoc modo, in succo centauree coque radices feniculi apii *et* petrosilini *et* cola *et* addito zuccaro fiat sirupus.’’*

CI


81. **Cerefolium**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Est cerefolio vis acris et ignea valde.
>   
> Appositum cancris tritum cum melle medetur.
>   
> Cum vino ciet urinas et menstrua purgat.
>   
> Virgine cum cera vetus huic axungia mixta
>   
> Non modo parotidas verum quoscunque tumores
>   
> Curat vel reprimit, si saepius hoc superaddas.
>   
> Intinctum valido si manducetur aceto
>   
> Saepe solet vomitum ventremque tenere solutum;
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.338
> 
> 
> Illius elixatura vertigo fugatur,
>   
> Si caput hac tepida patientis saepe lavetur,
>   
> Herbaque temporibus et fronti cocta ligetur.’’
>*

MF 


82. **Cerusa**: 
  

*Cerusa frigida est *et* sicca in secundo gradu. Cerusa flos plumbi ... appellatur. Habet autem cerusa virtutem mundificandi *et* abstergendi superfluitates. Fit autem sic: accipe laminas plumbeas ... *et* imple vasa terrea ... vasis tamen prius impletis aceto fortissimo ... super orificium vasis ... suspende laminas plumbeas ... *et* invenies quasdam tuberositates *et* mucillagines circa plumbum ... illas vero cum cultello abrade ... Notandum quod illi qui faciunt cerusam sepius incurrunt paralisim apoplexiam *et* epilepsiam *et* artheticam propter frigiditatem aceti dissolventem *et* mortificantem.’’*

CI


*Valet ad sananda vulnera et bonam carnem creandam et superfluam carnem rodendam.’’*

Rufinus from Copho. 


83. **Cotilodion** (*vel* **cimbulairia**, **umbilicius ueniris**): 
  

***Contilidon** herba est que alio nomine dicitur fasem alii **cimbalaria** alii **umbelici veneris**.’’*

Modena 


 84. **Citragha**: 
  

***Mellissa** que **herba citraria** dicitur *alio nomine dicitur **herba cytria** et **urtica citrina** sive **cedraria***[80](javascript:footNote('G600005/note080.html')) calida est *et* sicca in secundo gradu. Viridis *et* sicca est multa efficacie ... per annum servatur. Habet autem virtutem dissolvendi confortandi *et* consumendi *et* extenuandi. Similem habet efficaciam maiorane et contra easdem causas


---

p.339



similis fit usus. Mellissa in vino *et* oleo decocta *et* cataplasmata duriciem splenis *et* epatis relaxat *et* solvit. *From chapter re maiorana* Naribus appositus cerebrum confortat. Folia *et* flores in testa calefacta et in sacello posita loco dolenti stomachi ex ventositate solvit quia eventationem operatur. Superposita capiti valet contra reuma factum ex frigida causa. *Re Mellissa* Decoctio ipsius magis provocat menstrua.[81](javascript:footNote('G600005/note081.html'))’’*

CI


85. **Cinamomum**: 
  

*Cinamomum *id est canella*[82](javascript:footNote('G600005/note082.html')) calidum est in tertio gradu, siccum in secundo. Bonum per x annos potest servari. Contra debilitatem stomaci *et* digestionem debilitatam ex frigiditate detur pulvis subtilis cinamomi cum pulvere carui in cibis. Ad oris aromaticitatem commasticetur. Contra corruptionem gingivarum fiat lotura earum ex aqua salsa *et* fricentur bene *et* scarificentur bene ut sanguis exeat *et* humiditates putride inde fluant. Postea pulvis valet. Contra cardiacam passionem detur pulvis eius. Ex aromaticitate habet virtutem confortandi cerebrum ex glutinositate consolidandi. *Est autem conglutinativum et consumptivum.* Duo sunt genera cinamomi, grossum *et* spissum, *et* subtile *et* non spissum. Quod grossum est in medicinis ponendum est vomicis. Quod subtile est in aliis medicinis. Competenter etiam in salsamentis ponitur ad appetitum provocandum ex superfluitatibus impeditum hoc modo: cum petrosilino salvia et modico aceto *et* pulveribus predictis fiat salsamentum. Cinamomum tussim ex grossa humiditate *et* catarrum curat. Ydropysim


---

p.340



timpanitem ac morsum reptilium curat. Coliriis mixtum superfluitatem oculorum siccat.’’*

CI


*Stringit, aqua gelida bene si contrita bibatur.’’*

MF 


86. **Ciba pirum**: 
  

*Sulphur calidum est *et* siccum in ii gradu. Contra asma ... *et* aquis mollificativis *et* digestivis ... detur pulveris eius ℈ iii cum ovo sorbili. Aliter accipiat patiens fumum eius ... Si fiat asma ex siccitate nullo modo fiat. Contra paralisim podagram arteticam epilepsiam fiat unguentum ex ... *et* pulvere sulphuris *et* ellebori albi in fine *et* de eo ungatur ... Contra scabiem ... mane addito sulphure trito *et* oleo nucis fiat unguentum.’’*

CI


87. **Colafonium**: 
  

***Colofonia** calida est in ii gradu sicca in primo. Est autem gummi cuiusdam arboris quae in multa quantitate in Grecia reperitur, unde **pix greca** dicitur. Eligenda est nigra *et* que interius est lucida. Virtutem habet calefaciendi *et* a gummositate conglutinandi. Contra dissinteriam fiat subfumigium ex pulvere eius super carbones posito. Contra tenasmon ... ex colofonia etiam fiat suffumigium inferius. Contra asma ... accipiat patiens fumum per os *et* inclinet caput; facit proiicere flegma in magna quantitate. Ad pilos de facie removendos ... accipe *obolos*[83](javascript:footNote('G600005/note083.html')) iiii colofonie, *obolum* i masticis ... *et* resolve in vase terreo ... *et* cola super aquam frigidam. Collige deinde *et* malaxa manibus ... cum autem volueris pilos tollere resolve ad ignem parum *et* cum aliquantulum infrigidabitur pone super faciem per


---

p.341



i horam vel ii, postea remove pilos ipsos ... *et* cum ponis super locum parum cum digito madefacto preme ut melius adhereat *et* pilos extrahat. Tale emplastrum durat per duos annos.’’*

CI


88. **Colocindida**: 
  

*Coloquintida calida est in tertio gradu sicca in secundo. Coloquintida pomum est cuiusdam arboris vel fruticis nascentis in transmarinis partibus circa regionem Jerusalem que *et* **cucurbita alexandrina** alio nomine nuncupatur. Habet medullam semen *et* corticem. Purgat autem principaliter flegma, secundario melancoliam. Contra splenis *et* epatis duriciem detur succus feniculi decoctionis interiorum coloquintide. Que autem sola reperitur mortifera est. Medulla vero potissima est usui medicine, semen secundario, cortex autem nullam habet efficaciam, vel modicam. Potest autem servari per vi annos. Virtutem habet dissolvendi *et* consumendi ex amaritudine, virtutem etiam diureticam. Valet eodem modo ad scabiem vetustissimam. Contra dolorem dentium fiat gargarisma ex aceto decoctionis interiorum coloquintide. Contra lumbricos pulvis eius cum melle confectus patienti offeratur. Pueris emplastrum ex pulvere eius et succo **absinthii** circa umbilicum fiat. Ad vermes aurium iniiciatur pulvis eius cum succo persicarie. Ad emorroydas coquatur oleum nucis in pomo coloquintide et inungatur bombix et supponat sibi patiens frequenter.’’*

CI


89. **Consolida madior**: 
  

***Consolida maior** ... alio nomine **simphitum maius** ... virtutem habet conglutinandi et consolidandi vulnera.’’*

Modena 




---

p.342


90. **Consolida media**: 
  

***Consolida media**.’’*

Modena 


91. **Consolida minur**: 
  

***Consolida minor**.’’*

Modena 


92. **Conium**: 
  

***Cicuta**.

> 1. ‘‘Frigida letiferae vis est natura Cicutae.
>   
> Hac sumpta si quis morti sit proximus herba
>   
> Forte merum tepidum bibat evadetque periclum.
>   
> Lac contrita virens mammis superaddita siccat.
>   
> Hac quoque pellentur **sacer ignis** et herpeta cura.
>   
> Tradit **Anaxilaus**, si succo saepius eius
>   
> Virgo linat mammas, sibi cum turgescere primum
>   
> Incipient, modicas semper stantesque manere.
>   
> Extinguit venerem, fluxum quoque seminis omnem
>   
> Si pecten trita cataplasmes saepius illa.
>   
> Argenti spumae commiscens hanc adipique
>   
> Apponas calidae cataplasma salubre podagrae
>   
> Et per se tali multum prodesse probavi.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra arteticam *et* podagram coquantur radices **cicute** in pasta, postea radices ipse fisse per medium ponantur super artheticam citissimum remedium est. Contra yliacam passionem ... facta decoctione in vino forti *et* oleo loca dolentia cataplasmentur. Contra scrofulas *siccas*[84](javascript:footNote('G600005/note084.html')) facto usu diureticarum herbarum fiat cataplasma ex duabus partibus **cicute** *et* tertia scabiosa. Virtutem habet potentissimam


---

p.343



secundum radices, secundario secundum folia, minorem secundum semen.’’*

CI


*Hac sumpta magnus Socrates fuit exanimatus.’’*

MF 


93. **Corallus rubius**: 
  

*Corallus frigidus est *et* siccus in secundo gradu. Est autem quedam substantia terrea ... in substantiam lapideam transmutatur. Rubeus ... albus ... Est ergo eligendus rubeus qui grossus est *et* planus *et* clarus *et* quanto plus accedit ad ruborem tanto melior. Potest autem servari utrumque *per 40 annos*[85](javascript:footNote('G600005/note085.html')) per infinitos annos. Virtutem habet confortandi constringendi *et* depurandi. Occultam etiam habet virtutem contra epilepsiam. Dicunt autem quidam quod rubeus servat domum a fulmine. Contra emoptoycas passiones .i. vomitum *sputum* sanguineum si fiat vitio spiritualium, ex duabus partibus coralli subtilissime pulverizati conficiatur ... Ga*lienus*: corallus ... sanguinis fluxum arcet.’’*

CI


94. **Corona regia**: 
  

***Mellilotus** calidus est *et* siccus in primo gradu ... **corona regia** etiam dicitur, Virtutem habet confortandi ... *et* est diureticum. Unum vinum decoctionis eius digestionem confortat, ventositatem excludit. Opillationem renum *et* vesice aperit. Per duos annos servatur. Semen eius in brodio in cibis positum eos boni saporis *et* optime redolentes reddit.’’*

CI

[86](javascript:footNote('G600005/note086.html'))


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p.344


95. **Coriandrum**: 
  

***Coriandrum** calidum est *et* siccum in ii gradu. Cuius semen in receptionibus poni debet, quando invenitur eius receptio in aliqua medicina.’’*

CI


*Succus cum solo prodest commixtus aceto.’’*

MF 


*Ad digestionem confortandam *et* dolorem stomaci ex ventositate datur semen eius in cibis *et* vinum decoctionis eius. Semen per ii annos potest servari in magna efficacia.’’*

CI


*Et quod ex eo humidum est *et* quod siccum frangit virtutem coitus *et* erectionem virge desiccando sperma ... Cum ex succo bibitur circiter ℥ iiii interficit quum facit hominem possidere tristiciam *et* sincopim *et* non est utiliter ut de eo multum sumatur.’’*

Avicenna 


*Pulvis seminis eius super carnes aspersus eas saporatas reddit.’’*

CI, Er 


96. **Centinodia**: 
  

***Polligonia**.’’*

Modena 




---

p.345


97. **Crocus**: 
  

*calidus est *et* siccus in primo gradu.’’*

CI


*Confortat cor.’’*

Avicenna 


*In sacculo stricto de corio serventur; per v annos possunt servari.’’*

CI


*Ipse facit nauseam *et* deiicit appetitum propterea quod oppositus est acetositati que est in stomacho ex qua est appetitus; sed ipse confortat stomachum propter illud quod in ipso est ex caliditate *et* preparatione *et* stipticitate.’’*

Avicenna 


*Ad ruborem oculorum ex sanguine *et* maculas fiat pulvis de croco orientali siccato ut diximus *et* conficiatur cum vitellis ovorum *et* bombix intinctus oculis superponatur. Croci due sunt species, ortensis ab orto dictus in quo nascitur *et* orientalis quia in oriente nascitur sic appellatur. *Eligendi sunt qui omnino ruffi vel subrufi sunt, qui habent aliquid subcitrinitatis abiciendi sunt.*[87](javascript:footNote('G600005/note087.html')) Et nota quod si fiat multus eius usus abominationem facit. Colerico etiam non debet dari quia vomitum provocat. Contra yliacam passionem stranguriam dissuriam facta decoctione eius mediocriter in oleo locis dolentibus cataplasmetur.’’*

CI


98. **Cubebis**: 
  

***Cubebe** calida est *et* sicca tamen temperate. Est autem fructus cuiusdam arboris in transmarinis partibus nascentis, per x annos potest servari. Eligenda est que mediocriter habet acutum saporem cum multa aromaticitate. Unde contra sincopim valet hoc modo: pulvis eius in quantitate ℈ iiii detur cum succo boraginis ... multum


---

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confert. Contra frigidum reuma capitis *et* ad cerebrum confortandum odoretur *et* frequenter naribus apponatur. Contra frigiditatem stomaci *et* discolorationem pigmentum fiat ex vino *et* melle *et* aliis speciebus posita **cubebe** in maiori quantitate.’’*

CI


99. **Catapusia**: 
  

***Cataputia** calida est in iii gradu*,* humida in primo. Habet virtutem principaliter purgandi flegma ... per inferiora. Contra quotidianam; contra yliacam passionem; Contra artheticam. Eligenda est cataputia que ... nec livida sed alba *et* viridis.’’*

CI


100. **Cucurbita**: 
  

*Cucurbita *et* citroli frigide *et* humide complexionis sunt, et in qualitatibus suis temperati. In calidis regionibus precipue reperiuntur. Contra opilationem epatis *et* renum *et* vesice *et* contra apostemata pectoris valent. Cucurbita cocta cum carnibus maxime *in estate valet colericis sanis.*[88](javascript:footNote('G600005/note088.html')) Nota si in aliis terris ista semina haberi non possunt, accipiamus semina malorum dulcium ... *et* secundario operantur.’’*

CI


101. **Cuscuta**: 
  

***Cuscute** calida est in primo gradu *et* sicca in secundo. Habet autem virtutem purgandi melancoliam secundario flegma.’’*

CI


*Aperit opilationes epatis *et* stomachi *et* confortat ea *et* eius aqua est mirabilis ad ictericiam. Confert valde febribus antiquis semen eius aqua ipsius.’’*

Avicenna 




---

p.347


*Est autem **cuscute** podagra lini quod adheret circa linum. Cum floribus debet colligi, per ii annos potest servari.’’*

CI


102. **Dactulus**: 
  

***Dactilis**.’’*

Modena 


103. **Daucus asininus**: 
  

***Daucus creticus** calidus est *et* siccus in iii gradu. Habet autem maiorem efficaciam secundum *semen,*[89](javascript:footNote('G600005/note089.html')) herbam, *et* flores, nullam autem vel modicam secundum radices. Cuius duplex est maneries scilicet **daucus creticus** qui maioris est efficacie *et* dicitur creticus quia precipue in **Creta** reperitur *et* **daucus asininus** quia asinorum precipue est cibus. Virtutem habet dissolvendi *et* consumendi attenuandi ex qualitatibus suis *et* ex subtili substantia. Contra frigidum asma *et* frigidam *et* humidam tussim detur vinum decoctionis eius *et* ficuum siccarum. Contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis ex frigida causa *et* ydropicis fiat sirupus ex succo feniculi *et* decoctione eius. Contra frigidum reuma sacelletur caput ex pulvere facto ex ipsa herba *et* calefacto bene. Contra dolorem stomaci ex ventositate ... *Contra* stranguriam *et* dissuriam *et* colicam *et* yliacam pasionem detur vinum decoctionis eius. Herba etiam ipsa in magna quantitate in vino *et* oleo cocta super locum ponatur. ... ex frigida causa *et* ydropicis fiat sirupus ex succo feniculi *et* decoctione eius. Contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis ponatur herba in magna quantitate in vino *et* oleo *et* maceretur ibi per x dies, in decimo die decoquatur usque dum reducatur ad oleum. Deinde exprimatur herba *et* colatura ponatur ad ignem *et*


---

p.348



imponatur cera *et* fiat cerotum contra duriciem *et* talia; satis competens est *et* ad calida apostemata.’’*

CI


104. **Dragantum**: 
  

***Dragagantum** frigidum est in ii gradu *et* humidum in primo. Est autem gumi cuiusdam arboris in ultramarinis partibus nascentis. Eius est triplex maneries scilicet **dragagantum album** quod melius est .. Est etiam *et* subruffum *et* citrinum. Et nota quod album in frigidis medicinis, subruffum *et* citrinum in calidis debet poni. Per sexaginta annos servatur. Virtutem habet ex frigiditate infrigidandi *et* mundificandi ex humore hemectandi ex gumositate conglutinandi. Contra siccitatem pectoris talis sit usus: aqua ordei decoctionis dragaganti *et* gumi arabi detur patienti. Contra calidam *et* siccam tussim aqua decoctionis ordei succi liquiricie in qua sit dissolutum dragagantum per i noctem. Contra sitim detur aqua ordei in qua dissolutum fuerit dragagantum per noctem. Contra fixuras oris *et* labiorum *et* palati ulcerationem vel excoriationem in aqua rosata dissolvatur dragagantum per pannum exprimatur *et* cum glutinositate conficiatur pulvis amidi, intingatur penna *et* illiniatur lingua vel labia sepius cito curat. Ad faciem dealbandum *et* pannum superfluum removendum ponunt mulieres per noctem dragagantum in aqua rosata *et* mane addunt boracem vel camphoram in parva quantitate *et* faciem frequenter illiniunt. Contra calida apostemata in principio exprimatur succus vermicularis *et* in eo dissolvatur dragagantum per unam noctem in quo pannus intinctus super calida apostemata in principio ponatur. *Contra dissenteriam in aqua pluviali dissolvatur dragagantum et in illa aqua coquatur pullus qui


---

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detur patienti.*[90](javascript:footNote('G600005/note090.html')) Dragagantum mixtum cum albumine ovi optimum est contra ignis ustionem.’’*

CI


105. **Diegreidium**: 
  

***Diagridium** est autem succus cuiusdam herbe ... que est species **titimalli**. In canicularibus diebus rumpuntur summitates illius herbe. Quod soli exponitur *et* desiccatur *et* in substantiam **diagridii** transmutatur. *Est autem illud **diagridium** eligendum quod subnigrum est vel subalbidum.*[91](javascript:footNote('G600005/note091.html')) Nota quod in dosi sufficiunt ℈ ii vel ad plus iii in li*bra* i *et* *semis*. Et nota quod diagridio principaliter admiscetur **mastix** secundario **bdellium**, tertio gumi arabicum. Et nota quod cum **diagridium** principaliter purget coleram, secundario flegma *et* melancoliam, cum diversis medicinis positum diversos humores purgat principaliter. Nota quod nunquam debet medicina scamoneata dari cum aqua frigida. Si enim ponatur cum oxi laxativo vel electuario frigida vel **trifera saracenica** principaliter purgat coleram. Sicut *cum* **blanca** vel **benedicta** flegma, cum **theodoricon anacardinum** vel **diasene** melancoliam. Et nota quod diutius conservatur quando ponitur cum electuario confecto cum melle quia per ii annos vel iii ad plus quam si ponatur cum electuario confecto cum sirupo. Licet quoddam electuarium frigidum detur in estate cum aqua frigida.’’*

CI


106. **Dens leonis**: 
  

*No Latin.*


107. **Diureticam**: 
  

*No Latin.*




---

p.350


108. **Diptannus**, **pulegium martis**: 
  

***Diptamus** calidus est *et* siccus complexionis in iii gradu. Virtutem habet dissolvendi consumendi *et* attrahendi venenum. Contra morsum venenatorum animalium *et* propter venenum ipsa herba trita superponatur *et* succus in vino detur. Contra stranguriam *et* dissuriam detur vinum decoctionis eius pulveris. Contra frigidum asma decoctio ... fiat in vino ... Ad menstrua provocanda *et* fetum mortuum *et* secundinam educendam fiat iniectio pulveris eius cum succo ipsius herbe vel de arthemisia *vel fiat **suppositorium** ex pulvere eius confecto cum succo arthemisie.*[92](javascript:footNote('G600005/note092.html')) Contra epilepsiam pulvis eius cum pulvere castorei cum succo rute per os detur. Radix in medicinis ponitur cum in receptionibus invenitur, radix collecta per ii annos in magna efficacia servatur. Pulvis eius conficiatur cum succo mente *et* superponatur *et* in potu detur. *Contra dolorem stomachi et suffocationem ex fungis factam pulvis eius cum succo **absinthii** sumptus valet.* Colatura per nares iniiciatur. Paralitici ex eadem confectione calefacta ungantur *et* fricentur.’’*

CI


109. **Dragantum**: 
  

***Dragantum** .i. **vitreolum**, calidum est *et* siccum in iiii gradu. *Sunt autem quatuor maneries, indicum quod in **India** reperitur et est album; et arabicum quod in **Arabia** invenitur et est citrinum; et ciprinum quod in **Cipro** insula reperitur et est viridis coloris; et est terra francigena, sive atramentum, quod in **Gallia** reperitur. Illud est eligendum quod est viridis coloris et clarum est ... et nota quod vena terre est, per 10 annos servatur. Habet virtutem dissolvendi, consumendi, et corrodendi.*[93](javascript:footNote('G600005/note093.html')) Contra fistulas sit usus. *Fiat



---

p.351



pulvis ipsius cum duabus partibus farine fabe fracte cum capitello vel **sapone Gallico** conficiatur ex quo licinium intinctum fistule imponatur, os fistule elargat quod etiam ossa si fracta sint possint extrahi competenter, carnem superfluam bene corrodit et vulnera emendat.* Contra polipum stuellum ex **apostolicon** vel bombace in aqua salsa madefactum *et* pulvere eius aspersum naribus immittatur. *Contra fluxum sanguinis sive per emorroidas sive per nares sive per menstrua valet.*’’*

CI


*Occulos et extremitates palpebrarum mundificant.’’*

Rufinus from Copho. 


**Ad hoc dicimus quod artificio constringit scilicet ustum debet autem tam diu aduri donec in nigrum vertatur colorem ... Sic uritur dragantum in sicca testa sine liquore super carbones ponatur et sic fit donec in nigrum vertatur colorem.*[94](javascript:footNote('G600005/note094.html'))’’*

CI


110. **Ebulus**, **cameactis**: 
  

**Ebulus calidus est et siccus. Cuius radices, cortices et turiones precipue competunt usui medicine. Habet autem virtutem dissolvendi consumendi purgandi principaliter flegma.*[95](javascript:footNote('G600005/note095.html')) Contra quotidianam de flegmate naturali, arteticam, podagram, ciragram detur succus radicis eius cum pulvere esule addito zuccaro. *Valet contra leucoflegmatiam.* Cortices et radices in vere colliguntur, soli exiccantur, *et* per annum servantur. Balneum factum ex aqua salsa decoctionis ipsius herbe valet arthetice *et* leucoflegmantie. [96](javascript:footNote('G600005/note096.html'))’’*

CI




---

p.352


111. **Edera arborea**: 
  

***Edera nigra**. Contra dolorem splenis ... succus eius vel vinum decoccionis radicis edere potui dato mirabiliter prodest. Contra dolorem aurium et contra surditatem succus edere cum modico vino per hirtheum expresso tepidus auribus stillatus mirabiliter proficit.’’*

Modena


112. **Edera terrestris**: 
  

*No Latin.*


113. **Eleborus nider**: 
  

 ***Elleborus** calidus est *et* siccus in iii gradu, cuius duplex est maneries, scilicet albus *et* niger.’’*

CI


*Album quod sursum purgat, nigrumque deorsum.’’*

MF 


*Etiam cum in medicina ponitur eius receptio radix debet poni. Valet **oximel** factum de radice ellebori. Oximel factum de radicibus preparatis predicto modo ... valet ad melancoliam purgandam ...’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Dicunt per vomitum varios educere sumptum
>   
> Humores, veteresque ferunt sic pellere morbos,
>   
> Purgatur tali vomitu vertigo vetusta,
>   
> Insanis, melancholicis valet atque caducis.’’
>*

MF 


*Nota quod debile habenti pectus *et* strictum *et* macilento non debet dari. Contra litargiam ... provocetur sternutatio ex pulvere naribus immisso ... Contra scabiem fiat pulvis ex elleboro albo bene trito ... oleum commune vel nucis, in patella coquatur ... inungatur patiens in balneo.’’*

CI




---

p.353


114. **Endiuia**: 
  

***Endivia** frigida est *et* sicca in primo gradu, que alio nomine **scariola** dicitur. Semina *et* folia competunt usui medicine. Unde diuretica sunt. Unde valet contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis ex calida causa. Item, contra apostema stomaci *et* intestinorum si fit ex calida materia. Contra febres factas ex colera. Succus eius ... cum calida detur contra opilationes predictas.’’*

CI


115. **Elena campana**: 
  

***Enula campana** calida est in fine tertii gradus, humida in primo.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘    Illius decoctio menstrua purgat
>   
> Si bibitur, movet urinam, depellit abortum.
>   
> Ex eius foliis cum vini nectare coctis
>   
> Mire nefreticis renes involvere prodest.
>   
> Eius radicum pulvis cum melle voratus
>   
> Tussim compescit, orthopnoicisque medetur.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra frigidam tussim, idem vinum valet. Habet autem virtutem leniendi *et* mundificandi unde valet contra nervos ex frigiditate indignatos. Contra dolorem stomaci ex frigida causa vel ventositate detur vinum decoctionis eius. Colligitur autem radix in principio estatis ... per biennium vel etiam per triennium potest servari. Contra dolorem spiritualium ... detur vinum ipsum. Contra frigidum asma coquatur optime ordeum ut fiat aqua spissa sicut ptisana *et* cum aqua ipsa coquatur optime pulvis radicis eius *et* detur patienti. Pulvis eius cum pulvere cinamomi delicatis confert. *Herba quoque
ipsa cum foliis, si haberi potest, decocta in vino et oleo et


---

p.354



cataplasmata yliacam et colicam dolorem et stranguriam solvit.*[97](javascript:footNote('G600005/note097.html'))’’*

CI


116. **Epatica**: 
  

***Epatica** frigida est *et* sicca in tertio gradu. Quanto autem habet maiora folia tanto melior est. Virtutem habet infrigidandi *et* diureticam; unde valet contra opilationem epatis *et* splenis ex calida materia. Contra epatis calorem *et* ictericiam, sirupus factus ex decoctione eius addito reubarbaro in fine decoctionis optimus est contra predictam icteritiam. Nota quod in omnibus aquis in quibus fit sirupus contra opilationem epatis *et* calefactionem debet epatica poni. Contra calida apostemata trita superponatur in principio, operatur enim repercussione materie influentis.’’*

CI




---

p.355


117. **Epetimen**: 
  

***Epithimum** calidum est *et* siccum in tertio gradu. Virtutem habet principaliter purgandi coleram secundario melancoliam ... contra quartanam ... Sed non per se ponitur sed precipue ponitur in medicinis purgantibus melancoliam. Contra melancolicam passionem detur vinum decoctionis eius. Contra sincopim ex fumositate melancolica fiat sirupus ex aqua decoctionis sene *et* **epithimi**. Folia eius ut dicit **Constantinus** spleni cataplasmata splenem extenuant. Contra quartanam fiat decoctio .i. ℥ *et* semis **epithimi** in aqua ... *et* digesta materia detur patienti, multi taliter liberantur.’’*

CI


118. **Esula**: 
  

***Esula** calida est *et* sicca in iii gradu. Cuius radix tantum usui competit medicine. Virtutem habet purgandi flegmaticos humores principaliter. Contra quotidianam de flegmate naturali, arteticam, podagram, ciragram, paralisim, yliacam passionem *et* leucoflegmantiam ... contra passionem colicam ... *Contra predictas passiones valet cum vino calido vel calida vel cum ovo sorbili.*[98](javascript:footNote('G600005/note098.html')) **Theodoricum anacardinum** vel **ieralogodion** competenter acuuntur ex**esula** predicta. Cortex scilicet radicis eius in vere colligitur per biennium in magna efficacia servatur.’’*

CI


119. **Euforbium**: 
  

***Euforbium** calidum est *et* siccum in quarto gradu. Gumi est cuiusdam arboris. Virtutem habet ... laxandi. Eligendum est quod ... est ...


---

p.356



in colore citrinum vel ruffum. Principaliter purgat flegma ... *et* a
remotis partibus.’’*

CI


*Solvendo educit phlegma viscosum retentum in utrisque anchis *et* dorso *et* intestinis secundum quod dixerunt.’’*

Avicenna 


*Contra ... artheticam ... ex frigida causa *et* yliacam passionem acuatur **benedicta** ex tribus scrupulis euforbii *et* tribus scrupulis bdellii vel masticis, Contra cefaleam epilepsiam appoplexiam ... eodem modo acuatur **ieralogodion** vel **benedicta** ... detur, . . cum aqua decoctionis feniculi seminis vel radicum eius ... Per quatuor annos servatur communiter. Contra litargiam ... fiat unguentum de pulvere euforbii. Ad memoriam recuperandam fiat electuarium ... Contra litargiam epilepsiam ... epilenticus a posteriori parte capitis radatur occipitium *et* inungatur bene v fricetur fortiter manibus.
Contra inveteratam icteritiam ex opilatione epatis splenis factam ℥ *et* *semis* detur in ovo sorbili de euforbio, probatum est.
*Contra fistulam euforbium et **mastix** pulverizentur et conficiantur cum **sapone Gallico** et stuellum inde formatum ori fistule imponatur consumit humositatem.*[99](javascript:footNote('G600005/note099.html'))’’*

CI


120. **Es ustum**: 
  

*Es ustum calidum est *et* siccum in tertio gradu. Virtutem habet dissolvendi consumendi *et* purgandi melancolicos humores *et* extenuandi. Unde communiter ponitur in emplastris attenuativis ut in **apostolicon**. Carnem superfluam corrodit. Contra fistulam conficiatur pulvis eius cum melle *et* **sapone spatarensi** *et* **gallico**, intincta tenta ponatur ori fistule, elargat etiam *et* *curat*.[100](javascript:footNote('G600005/note100.html')) Pulvis eris usti ... detur ...


---

p.357



cum **oximelle** cum aqua calida, melancoliam purgat per superiora *et* inferiora.’’*

CI


121. **Ematites**: 
  

***Ematites** frigidus est *et* siccus. Lapis est quod in occidentali plaga *et* orientali reperitur. Virtutem habet constringendi sanguinem unde dicitur ematites ab ‘ema’ quod est sanguis et ‘ites’ quod est sistens. Contra fluxum sanguinis de naribus fricetur ematites cum succo sanguinarie ... *et* bombix intinctus naribus imponatur. Contra emoptoicam passionem ... fricetur cum aqua rosacea ... detur ... Contra fluxum menstruorum fricetur cum **succo plantaginis** *et* ... superponatur.’’*

CI


122. **Emblici**: 
  

***Emblici** fructus sunt crescentes ultra mare. Purgant flegma *et* melancoliam. Unde valent contra egritudines ex talibus humoribus pervenientes ut in quartanis. Item, contra casum capillorum pulvis emblici cum pulvere aloe distemperetur in oleo *et* inungatur caput. Valent etiam contra emoroidas. Si pulvis distemperetur cum succo **tapsi barbassi** supponantur.’’*

CI


123. **Eruca**: 
  

***Eruca** calida est *et* sicca in iii gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Et valet urinas haec mansa vel hausta movere.
>   
> Manditur utiliter pueris, tussimque repellit,
>   
>     ... cum melle iugatam.
>   
> Elixata prius radix valideque subacta
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.358
> 
> 
> Ossibus et fractis superaddita detrahit illa.
>   
> Non modice mansam venerem stimulare vel haustam
>   
> Confirmant pariter medici pluresque poetae.
>   
> Est cum lactucis haec herba comesta salubris,’’
>*

MF 


124. **Ferrum**, **ferrugo** & **sgama ferri**: 
  

***Ferrum** *et* **ferrugo** *et* **squama ferri**. Ferrugo ... habet virtutem desiccandi *et* attenuandi. Ad extenuationem splenis valet vinum in quo candens ferrum extinctum fuerit. Contra emorroidas pulvis factus vel squama ferri subtilis conficiatur cum succo **tapsi barbassi** *et* bombicem intinctam supponat sibi patiens quia optimum est. Contra tenasmon ex calida causa *et* dissenteriam ferrugo optime calefiat ut candens sit, postea aspergatur aceto *et* recipiat patiens fumum per inferiora. Contra opilationem splenis et epatis ex longo tempore detur pulvis ferruginis subtilissimus ℈ v cum vino calido.’’*

CI


125. **Ferrarium**: 
*No Latin.*


126. **Flamula**: 
  

***Flammula** calida est *et* sicca in iiii gradu. Ad cauterium sine igne vel sine ferro faciendum. Ad apostema rumpendum ... conteratur cum oleo *et* superponatur. Contra quartanam *et* arteticam quidam *operantur*.[101](javascript:footNote('G600005/note101.html')) ... datur ... in cibis ... Scio vero quod hoc oleum valet exterius inunctum contra ... stranguriam *et* dissuriam.’’*

CI




---

p.359


127. **Fenugrecum**: 
  

 ***Fenugrecum** calidum est *et* siccum. Virtutem habet maturandi *et* relaxandi. Substantiam habet glutinosam. Ad apostemata exterius maturanda farina fenugreci cum vitello ovi conficiatur *et* superponatur. Ad maturandum *et* rumpendum conficiatur cum terebentina *et* superponatur; herba etiam ipsa in vino *et* oleo decocta superposita maturat. Ad splenis duriciem herba ipsa in vino *et* oleo macerata per xv dies ... *et* 
fiat unguentum optimum ... Ad apostema stomaci *et* intestinorum ex farina fenugreci *et* aqua predicta fiant pultes superponatur.’’*

CI


128. **Fragaria**: 
  

*Fragia sive fragula.’’*

Modena 


129. **Fraximus**: 
  

***Fraxinus** calida est *et* sicca in ii gradu. Contra fluxum ventris ex **lienteria** dissenteria lenitum precedente purgatione fiat fomentum ex aqua pluviali decoctionis corticis. Valet contra vomitum ... cortex ... in aceto bulliat *et* spongia intincta super stomacum ponatur. Valet etiam decoctio eius contra vitium splenis potata.[102](javascript:footNote('G600005/note102.html'))’’*

CI


130. **Farina ordi**: 
  

***Ordeum** frigidum est et siccum. *Contra calida apostemata in principio ad repercussionem materiei fiat emplastrum eius ex farina et aceto et est repercussivum et diaforeticum.*[103](javascript:footNote('G600005/note103.html')) Ex ordeo multa fiunt que competunt usui medicine scilicet ptisana, farina et polenta et far.


---

p.360



Farina diu decocta in aqua optimus cibus est infirmis sive febricitantibus et precipue laborantibus apostemate spiritualium ... Farina ordei polenta eius dicitur et fit competens cibus laborantibus apostemata spiritualium ... In aqua decoquatur farina et fiant inde pultes. Precipue predicts apostemata maturant, maturata relaxant, et optimum nutrimentum est. Contra calida apostemata ... ad repercussionem fiat emplastrum ex farina ordei et aceto ... Ad maturitatem conficiatur cum melle vel vitello ovi. Ad frigida apostemata maturanda fiat emplastrum ex farina eius et pice liquida vel farina et terebintina vel melle, optimum est.[104](javascript:footNote('G600005/note104.html'))’’*

CI, Er 


131. **Feniculus**: 
  

*calidus est *et* siccus in ii gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Cum vino cunctis obstat haec herba venenis.
>   
> Renibus in ptisana radix decocta medetur.’’
>*

MF 


*Cum in receptione invenitur receptio maratri, debet poni semen eius in colliriis succus radicis vel foliorum.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Indeque compertum est humanis posse mederi
>   
> Illam luminibus, atque experiendo probatum,
>   
> Sicque venenatis obstabit morsibus illa.
>   
> Cum vino vel aqua radicum coctio sumpta
>   
> Urinas purgat et menstrua sumpta resolvit.
>   
> Nausea cum vino sumpta sedabitur illa,
>   
> Fervorem stomachi cum lympha mitigat hausta.
>   
> Ictu vel factos subito quoscumque tumores
>   
> Appositum tantum iuncto sedabit aceto.’’
>*

MF 




---

p.361


*Semen in principio autumni colligitur *et* in magna efficacia per iii annos servatur. Cortices, radices colliguntur in principio veris, servantur per medium annum. *Contra opilationem splenis et epatis ... detur aqua decoctionis corticis radicis feniculi.*[105](javascript:footNote('G600005/note105.html')) Eadem aqua vel vinum datum solum dolori stomaci ... ex ventositate, digestionem etiam confortat. Contra leucoflegmatiam fiat decoctio in succo radicis feniculi esule hermodactili ana ℈ iii. *Contra pannum oculorum *et* pruritum succus radicis feniculi in vase eneo per 15 dies ad solem ponatur *et* more collirii in oculis ponatur.*’’*

CI


132. **Feniculus porsinas**: 
  

*Cotula fetida habet similitudinem cum amarissa et camomilla et sunt tres herbe que habent similitudunem in stipitibus floribus et foliis. Sed in hoc differunt, quia cotula fetida habet stipitem maiorem et folia maiora et flores multo maiores albos circumcirca in medio vero croceos et fetet multum. Amarissa vero et camomilla habent folia subtiliora et florem satis parvum, folia vero subtilia sunt sicut abrotani vel feniculi. Differentia inter amarissam et camomillam, unde versus:

> 1. ‘‘Fetet amarissa; redolens olet camomilla,
>   
> Amarissa et cotula sunt eiusdem fetoris.
>   
> Camomilla vero habet maximum odorem.’’
>*

Rufinus 


133. **Fenementum**: 
  

*Fermentum ... subtilem habet virtutem humores corporis ex interioribus


---

p.362



extrahendi *et* si cum sale *et* oleo temperatum carbunculis *id est apostematibus omnibus*[106](javascript:footNote('G600005/note106.html')) apponatur, maturat *et* aperit.’’*

Ysaac 


134. **Fel**: 
  

*Omnia calida sunt et sicca in quarto. **Fel** vaccinum; fel taurinum.
Fel vaccinum ponitur in emplastris conferentibus vulneribus que sunt ad herisipilam. Fel hyrcinum eradicat carnem malam *et* necessitas quidem ulcerum ut eis adhibeatur ... *et* in tempore frigoris prohibet spasmum. Fel hyrcinum super elephantiam *et* varices confert. Omne fel confert obscuritati visus. Et fel quidem rapatium proprie siccum confert initio aque *et* dilatatione pupille ... Et fel magis conferens oculo ex quadrupedibus ... *et* avium quidem fel alcubugi. Fit ex eo linimentum ad dolorem matricis *et* testiculorum.’’*

Avicenna 


135. **Filipindula**: 
  

***Filipendula** calida est *et* sicca in iii gradu. Radix eius precipue usui medicine competit. In montuosis locis reperitur. In fine autumni colligitur, per x annos in magna efficacia servatur, virtutem habet diureticam. Contra lapidis vitium stranguriam dissuriam *et* yliacam passionem precipue valet ... ad idem valet vinum decoctionis eius pulveris ... Contra yliacam passionem fiat clistere ex pulvere eius ... Contra dolorem stomaci ... detur pulvis eius cum pulvere feniculi. *Contra epilepsiam valet pulvis eius in cibis teste Diascoride.*[107](javascript:footNote('G600005/note107.html')) Contra dolorem stomaci ... ponatur pulvis eius in magna quantitate in sacello *et* fiat decoctio in vino *et* oleo *et* ponatur supra locum dolorosum. Contra frigidum asma detur pulvis eius ... in cibis *et*


---

p.363



potibus. Ad idem valet pulvis eius ... positus super carbones ut patiens fumum recipiat per embotum, optimum est remedium.’’*

CI


136. **Fumus terra**: 
  

***Fumus terre** calidus est in primo gradu, siccus in ii. Principaliter purgat melancoliam secundario flegma scilicet salsum, tertio purgat coleram adustam. Contra scabiem ℥ ii succi eius addito zuccaro ... detur.’’*

CI


*Sucus eius crudus potui datus corpus a scabie prudore pustulis mundificat.’’*

Rufinus from Copho. 


*Contra idropisim ... succus eius addito pulvere esule dragmae ii ... vel fiat sirupus ex succo **fumi terre** apii feniculi decoctione pulveris esule addito zuccaro optimum est etiam contra artheticam. Semper detur cum alio reprimente ventositatem. Succus eius ... ter detur in septimana. Quanto autem viridior est tanto melior; exsiccata nullius est efficacia. Dicitur autem **fumus terre** quia generatur a quadam fumositate ... circa superficiem terre adherente.’’*

CI


137. **Fu** **ualerian**: 
  

*Fu calida est *et* sicca in ii gradu, que alio nomine **valeriana** dicitur. In estate colligitur ... per triennium in magna efficacia servatur. Contra stranguriam *et* dissuriam detur vinum decoctionis eius. Ad digestionem confortandam *et* dolorem stomaci vel ventris detur vinum decoctionis eius ... cum semine feniculi vel masticis ... Contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis ex frigida causa detur aqua decoctionis eius. Ad superfluitatem matricis desiccandam fiat fomentum ex aqua


---

p.364



decoctionis eius vel fiat *suppositorium*[108](javascript:footNote('G600005/note108.html')) ex bombace intincta in confectione facta ex pulvere *et* oleo muscelino vel communi.’’*

CI


138. **Fugo demonum**: 
  

***Ypericon** calida et sicca in tertio gradu. Epar et venas mundificat. Est contra venenum, urinam et menstrua provocat. Cathaplasmatus vulneribus ea celeriter curat. Femorum dolorem auffert.’’*

Rufinus from Copho. 


139. **F*r*uctus iuniperi**: 
  

***Iuniperus** calida est *et* sicca in tertio gradu ... fructus poni debet. In vere colligitur fructus, per duos annos servatur. Contra fluxum ventris ex scamonea ... fiat decoctio fructus in aqua pluviali *et* intret patiens usque ad umbilicum ... Contra stranguriam dissuriam *et* yliacam passionem detur vinum decoctionis fructus eius. Ex iunipero fit oleum hoc modo ... Contra quartanam detur oleum illud in quantitate ℈ in cibis vel alio modo.’’*

CI




---

p.365


140. **Ficus**: 
  

***Ficus**. Natura eius calida *et* sicca est. Ficus ceteris fructibus laudabilior est ac nutribilior. Si superfluos humores in stomacho inveniat ... ad corruptionem mutatur. Si autem homores mundificatos inveniat, bene digeritur ac sanguinem laudabilem facit ... pectusque purificat et pulmonem, renes atque vesicam humoribus grossis. Post illam calamentum manducet aut ameos sive isopum vel piper sive zinziber *et* similia ... nuces simul aut amygdalas manducet. Si cum isopo coquatur, pectus pulmonemque mundifiat. Rursus cocta cum ordeo et fenugreco cataplasmate facto apostema dissolvit. Pistata ac synapi commixta apozima ad tinnitum aurium valet.’’*

Ysaac 


141. **Fex**: 
  

***Fex** aceti fortior est aliis fecibus. Melior fex *et* sanior est fex vini veteris, deinde quod similis est ei, *et* fex quidem aceti est vehementis virtutis. Cum exterius apponitur matrici emplastrum ex fece non adusto confert fluxui sanguinis menstrui.’’*

Avicenna 


142. **Galbanum**: 
  

***Galbanum**, dicunt quidam quod sit gumi cuiusdam arboris, **Dioscorides** dicit quod est lacrima cuiusdam fruticis similis ferule. Virtutem habet dissolvendi attrahendi consumendi leniendi maturandi *et* relaxandi. Contra frigidum asma dentur ℈ iiii galbani cum ovo sorbili, vel cum aqua ordei. Contra litargiam ponatur super carbones *et* patiens recipiat fumum. Contra **suffocationem matricis** idem fiat per


---

p.366



embotum *per inferiora*[109](javascript:footNote('G600005/note109.html')). *Ad dolorem dentium fiat casula ex eo *et* denti superponatur.* *et* lumbricos occidendos dentur pillule ex galbano inuncte ex melle.’’*

CI


143. **Galanga**: 
  

***Galanga** calida est *et* sicca in tertio gradu. Potest autem servari in magna efficacia per v annos ... Est ergo eligenda que subrufa est *et* in sui manerie ponderosa *et* nodosa *et* que acutum habet saporem. Virtutem habet confortandi ... dissolvendi consumendi. Contra cardiacam passionem *et* sincopim detur pulvis eius cum succo boraginis. *Nota quod gariofili et folia gariofilorum et ligna gariofilorum et galanga ligna postremo, pro gariofilis possunt poni folia et pro galanga gariofili.*[110](javascript:footNote('G600005/note110.html')) Ad digestionem confortandam *et* dolorem stomachi ex ventositate vel ex frigida causa detur vinum decoctionis eius.’’*

CI


144. **Galitr*ic*um**: 
  

*Gallitricum calidum est et siccum. Alio nomine centrum galli dicitur. Fomentum factum ex aqua decoctionis eius matricem optime mundificat, menstrua provocat. Semen eius tritum et confectum cum succo feniculi oculis valet.’’*

CI (Erlangen) 


145. **Gladiolus**: 
  

*Acorus radix est **gladioli**.’’*

CI


146. **Gariofilus**: 
  

***Gariofili** calidi sunt *et* sicci in iii gradu. Sunt autem fructus cuiusdam arboris in **India** nascentis. In estive tempore colliguntur


---

p.367



... per v annos servantur in magna efficacia ... et qui acuti sunt saporis meliores sunt. *Habent autem virtutem confortandi ...
dissolvendi, consumendi.*[111](javascript:footNote('G600005/note111.html')) Ad digestionem confortandam detur vinum decoctionis gariofilorum masticis *et* mirre quia mirum est. *Ad dolorem stomachi ex ... ventositate detur vinum decoctionis eorum et seminis feniculi.* Contra ... sincopim detur pulvis gariofilorum cum succo boraginis, Contra vomitum colericum ... Ad cerebrum confortandum applicentur naribus. Contra **precipitationem *matricis*** odoretur decoctionis eorum vinum *et* detur patienti mulieri. Contra fluxum ventris ... in ampulla vitrea aqua rosacea plena buliant vii vel ix gariofili cum mastice *et* mediocriter tepidum detur patienti.’’*

CI


147. **Genciana**: 
  

 ***Gentiana** calida est *et* sicca in tertio gradu. Radix autem eius precipue competit usui medicine. *Virtutem habet dissolvendi, consumendi, attrahendi et aperiendi.*[112](javascript:footNote('G600005/note112.html')) Contra antiquum asma detur pulvis eius cum vino addita aqua ordei. Ad idem fiat precedentibus inunctionibus circa spiritualia digesta materia detur pulvis confectus cum dialtea in vino ... si poterit liberari aliquo modo sic liberabitur, vel detur in cibis. Epilenticis detur pulvis eius cum succo rute. Contra morsum reptilium animalium ... *et* pulvis eius detur cum succo mente in potu. Ad fetum mortuum *et* ad secundinam educendam confice pulverem eius cum succo arthemisie.’’*

CI


148. **Gumi**: 
  

***Gumi arabicum** calidum est *et* humidum in primo gradu. *Cum invenitur


---

p.368



simpliciter in medicinis, **gummi Arabicum debet** poni. Gummi arboris est, cuius triplex est differentia, album quod melius est ... Est autem citrinum et subrufum.*[113](javascript:footNote('G600005/note113.html')) Habet autem virtutem relaxandi humectandi *et* leniendi. ***Gummi Arabicum** idem est quod **gummi Sarracenicum**.* Contra vomitum ... detur pulvis eius cum pulvere cinamomi. Contra *dissenteriam* decoctio pulveris eius detur cum aqua rosacea, *Contra fluxum menstruorum detur pulvis eius cum sanguine draconis in aqua rosacea.* Eodem modo naribus iniectus sistit fluxum sanguinis, vel fiat inde sinapisma circa timpora.’’*

CI


149. **Gitt**: 
  

***Git** calidus est et siccus in secundo gradu. Herba est quae inter frumenta oritur *et* semen habet nigrum. Cum in medicinis recipitur semen nan[114](javascript:footNote('G600005/note114.html')) herba ponendum est. Diuretica ... virtutem habet dissolvendi *et* consumendi. Contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis *et* renum stranguriam dissuriam yliacam passionem dolorem stomaci *et* ventositatem detur vinum decoctionis **git** *et* pulveris eius in cibo. Contra emorroydas inflatas fiat decoctio pulveris eius *et* succo **tapsi barbassi**, *et* bombix intinctus supponatur. Contra lumbricos detur pulvis eius cum melle, fiat etiam emplastrum ex pulvere eius *et* succo **absinthii** circa umbilicum. Contra vermes aurium conficiatur cum succo persicarie.’’*

CI


150. **Genestula**: 
  

*Genestula frigida est *et* sicca. Virtutem habet constringendi. Ad menstruorum profluvium valet fomentum ex aqua decoctionis eius


---

p.369



suppositum; vel pessarium ex pulvere eius cum succo plantaginis factum ad idem valet. Contra dissuriam predictum fomentum fiat.’’*

CI


151. **Hermodactuli**: 
  

 ***Hermodactili** calidi *et* sicci sunt in quarto gradu. Radices ... in estate colliguntur et desiccantur, in magna efficacia per annum servari possunt. Virtutem habent dissolvendi consumendi *et* attrahendi, purgant flegma principaliter. Contra artheticam podagram stranguriam *ciragram*[115](javascript:footNote('G600005/note115.html')) *et* yliacam passionem *et* contra morbos ex flegmate ... valet **benedicta** acuta ex hermodactilis **yera theodoricon anacardinum**. Contra artheticam podagram ciragram succus feniculi cum melle coquatur *et* cum tali melle ʒ ii hermodactilorum dentur. Pulverem hermodactilorum confice cum **sapone gallico** *et* licinium intinctum ori fistule superponatur.’’*

CI


152. **Herba Sangti Petri**: 
  

*Herba paralisis. Valet precipue paraliticis.’’*

Modena 


153. **Hipia mador**[116](javascript:footNote('G600005/note116.html'))
  

*No Latin.*


154. **Hipia minor**: 
  

*No Latin.*


155. **Isopus**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Est **ysopum** siccum calidum quoque, tertius illi
>   
>  Est in utroque gradus.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.370
> 
> 
> Subvenit et voci raucae versata palato.
>   
> In pectus capitis si destillatio fiat,
>   
> Quod persaepe solet tussim phthisimque creare,
>   
> Prodest haec eadem decoctio sumpta frequenter.
>   
>     Eius decoctio facta
>   
> Sic ut cocta simul sint mel, ficus quoque sicca,
>   
> Et prodest cunctis pulmonum sumpta querelis.
>   
> Contrito viridi si iungitur **oxymel** illi,
>   
> Sicque datur bibitum, stipatum molliet alvum,
>   
> Cum vento nocuo viscosum flegma repellens,
>   
> Cardama si iungas his, solves fortius alvum.
>   
> In quo decoquitur si dens foveatur aceto,
>   
> Fertur ab immodico cito saepe dolore levari.
>   
> Accensi fumo sonitus compescitur auris.
>   
> Elixum appositum livores limpidat omnes.’’
>*

MF 


*Virtutem habet diureticam dissolvendi attrahendi *et* consumendi. Virtutem habet secundum folia *et* flores, *et* non secundum radicem ... abiectis stipitibus.’’*

CI


156. **Ipoquisdidos**: 
  

***Ipoquistidos** frigidus est et siccus in secundo gradu. In vere colligitur ... ad solem siccatur ... per duos annos servatur in magna efficacia. Virtutem habet constringendi. Contra fluxum ventris ex colera vel debilitate virtutis contentive conficiatur cum aqua rosacea. Fiat etiam emplastrum ex eo *et* succo plantaginis *et* albumine ovi *et* super renes *et* pectinem ponatur. Contra vomitum fiat idem super


---

p.371



furculam pectoris. Contra profluvium matricis fiat **suppositorium** ex **ypoquistidos** *et* succo plantaginis *et* per pessarium iniiciatur.’’*

CI


157. **Iouis barba**: 
  

***Semperviva** dicitur **barba Iovis**. Frigida est in iii gradu, sicca in primo.’’*

CI


*Re Acidula: 
  


> 1. ‘‘Altera vero minor species est istius herbae,
>   
> Quam **Sempervivam** dicunt, quoniam viret omni
>   
> Tempore, **Barba Iovis** vulgari more vocatur;
>   
> Esse refert similem praedictae **Plinius** istam,
>   
> Nec minus hanc cunctis praedictis posse iuvare.
>   
> Auribus expressus si succus funditur eius
>   
> Adiuvat auditum mire pellitque dolorem.’’
> 


[117](javascript:footNote('G600005/note117.html'))*

MF 


158. **Iris**: 
  

***Iris** calide *et* sicce complexionis est in secundo gradu, similiter **yreos**, similes sunt in foliis *et* in effectibus, sed **yris** purpureum florem gerit, **yreos** album. *Herba est quam alii vocant gladiolus.*[118](javascript:footNote('G600005/note118.html')) Radice utimur, in fine veris colligitur ... per duos annos servatur. Virtutem habet diureticam unde dissolvit *et* aperit. Contra vitium spiritualium *et* opilationem splenis *et* epatis, renum *et* vesice *et* dolorem stomaci ex ventositate valet vinum decoctionis **yreos**. Pulvis etiam eius leniter carnem superfluam corrodit. Ad pannum oculorum fiat colirium ut ex pulvere eius *et* aqua rosacea.’’*

CI




---

p.372


*Rigorem febrium et dolorem vulve mittigat et auffert.’’*

Rufinus from Copho, de ireos. 


*> 1. ‘‘Cum **mulsa** bibitus choleram depellit iniquam.
>   
> Commixtus melli desiccat vulnera pulvis.
>   
> Non modicum sciasis dicunt prodesse dolori.’’
>*

MF 


159. **Ipofilia**: 
  

*No Latin.*[119](javascript:footNote('G600005/note119.html'))


160. **Lacc**: 
  

*Caprarum vero lac est temperatum *et* lac ovium est grossum valde. Et lac vaccinum est pinguius *et* grossius. Lac melius est quod ex ubere suggendo bibitur, aut sicut mulgetur. Confert habentibus complexionem calidam *et* siccam cum in ipsorum stomachis non est cholera. Lac preterea non est bonum ulceribus. Et lac quidem nocivum est habentibus apostemata intrinseca. Non est conveniens habentibus sodam. Aliquod nocet phlegmaticis. Lac facit evenire tenebrositatem visus ... Verumtamen cum mulgetur in oculo confert opthalmie. Decoctum vero *et* in quo extincti sunt carbones *et* calefactum cum lapidibus ignitis *et* laminis ferri procul dubio ventrem constringit.
Et illud de quo extractum est butirum est bonum solutioni cholerice.’’*

Avicenna 


161. **Lactuca**: 
  

***Lactuca** temperate frigida *et* humida est.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Unde potest nimius haec mansa levare calores,
>   
> Et praestabit idem superaddas si bene tritum.’’
>*

MF 




---

p.373


*Ad somnum provocandum semen eius conficiatur cum lacte mulieris *et* albumine ovi *et* fiat emplastrum circa timpora. Semen eius frigidius est ipsa herba; herba usui ciborum competit, semen vero medicine. Iudicatur tamen ab auctoribus omnium herbarum esse temperatissima quia bonum sanguinem generat *et* copiam lactis. Cibis colericis competens cocta vel cruda comesta. In febribus multum valet elixa vel cruda. Cocta in æceto addito croco solum valet contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis. Ad somnum provocandum semen eius conficiatur cum lacte mulieris *et* albumine ovi *et* fiat emplastrum circa timpora. Pulvis etiam seminis cum lacte datus somnum provocat.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Utilis est stomacho, somnum dat, mollit et alvum.
>   
> Cum vino bibi tum fluxum quoque reprimit alvi,
>   
> Ut quidam dicunt oculis caligo creatur
>   
> His, quibus assiduo fuerit cibus eius in usu.’’
>*

MF 


*Somnum provocat. Idem facit febricitantibus datum cum aqua. Contra calida apostemata in principio conficiatur pulvis eius cum oleo rosaceo *et* superponatur.’’*

CI


162. **Laudanum**: 
  

***Laudanum** calidum est *et* humidum in primo gradu. Unde manifestum est quod purum est valde, est aromaticum. Virtutem habet constringendi *et* calefaciendi *et confortandi*[120](javascript:footNote('G600005/note120.html')). Dicunt quidam quod sit gumi arboris, quod falsum est, sed in quadam parte **Grecie** ros in quibusdam herbis descendit. Contra catarrum ex frigida causa stuellum ex eo informatum naribus imponatur. Contra relaxationem dentium laudanum *et* **mastix** conficiantur *et* inter dentes *et* gingivas intus *et* extra ponatur, quia *confirmant* eos. Ad matricem infrigidatam *et* suffocationem


---

p.374



recipiat mulier fumum per inferiora. *Suppositorium ad eadem factum valet, matricem mundificat et confortat.* Contra **precipitationem matricis** recipiat mulier fumum per inferiora. Contra dolorem stomaci ex frigida causa *et* ad digestionem confortandum dentur v pillule ex laudano in sero.’’*

CI


163. **Lapasium acutum**: 
  

***Lapacium** calidum est *et* siccum in tertio gradu. Est autem triplex scilicet, **lapacium acutum** ... *et* herba efficax est.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Unde quidem stomachum confortat sumpta, soletque 
>   
> in stomacho clausum per ructus pellere ventum,
>   
> Sumptaque sicut olus fertur restringere ventrem.
>   
> Pruritus mordax scabiesque cutis laceratrix
>   
> Illius tepido cedunt apozimate fota.
>   
> Eius saepe tepens si coctio gargarizetur
>   
> Uvas sedabit tumidas dentisque dolorem.
>   
> Haec dysentericos potu iuvat et ciliacos.
>   
> Cum vino vel aqua radicum coctio facta,
>   
> Menstrua restringit potu, lapidesque repellit.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra scrophulas novellas fiat emplastrum ex **lapacio acuto** *et* assungia simul tritis. Contra scabiem succus **lapatii acuti** oleum nucis *et* pix liquida ... competens scabiei. Ad apostemata maturanda **lapacium rotundum** tritum *et* in oleo decoctum vel assungia superponatur. Ad rumpendum superponitur **lapacium acutum** predicto modo. Contra splenis duriciem succus lapacii acuti ... *et* addita cera *et* oleo fiat unguentum. Contra leucoflegmantiam fiat confectio ex succo **lapacii acuti** ℥ ii *et* ʒ ii esule addito melle fiat aliquanta decoctio *et* 
detur 


---

p.375



patienti. Contra lumbricos valet succus eius datus cum melle. Contra flegma abundans in cerebro succus eius cum succo rute in modica quantitate naribus iniiciatur. Crispelle lacte ex lapacio valent asmaticis.’’*

CI




---

p.376


164. **Lapis lasuili**: 
  

*Lapis lazuli, frigidus est *et* siccus. Purgat principaliter melancoliam. Contra cardiacam passionem. Vena terre est de qua fit lazulum. Contra splenis vitium *et* emorroydarum detur cum decoctione sene vel seminis feniculi.’’*

CI


165. **Lapis magnetis**: 
  

*Lapis magnetes calidus est *et* siccus in tertio gradu. Conficiatur cum **apostolicon** *et* fiat stuellum *et* vulneri imponatur. *Habet virtutem attrahendi ... ut dicit auctor.*[121](javascript:footNote('G600005/note121.html')) Dicit **Aristotiles** quod invenitur in littore **Indie** *et* Oceani. Naves infixas clavis ferreis attrahunt *et* dissolvunt. Pulvis etiam eius subtilissimus ... cum succo feniculi valet contra ydropisim.’’*

CI


166. **Lansiolata**: 
  

***Arnoglosa** frigida est et sicca in secundo gradu. Utilis est ad desiccandum vulnera et mundificandam putredinem eorum. Repugnat etiam sacro igni. Abstergit calida. Succus eius datus quartanariis ante duas horas accessionis valet.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Herbam, quae nostra lingua Plantago vocatur,
>   
> Hanc **Arnoglossam** Graecus vocat, est quia linguae
>   
> Aguinae similis foliis. Plantaginis huius
>   
> Sunt geminae species, et maior prima vocatur,
>   
> Altera vero minor, quam vulgo lanceolatam
>   
> Dicunt, quod foliis (ut lancea) surgit acutis.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.377
> 
> 
> Eius potatum depellit sperma secundas.
>   
> Si via longa pedum movet, ut fit saepe, dolorem,
>   
> Acri cum vino superaddita trita iuvabit.
>   
> Cum passo succus bibitur si saepius eius
>   
> Vesicae variis fertur succurrere morbis.’’
>*

MF 


*Omnem calorem qui est ex ignis ustione refrigerat.’’*

CI


167. **Lauriola**: 
  

***Laureola** calida est *et* sicca in tertio gradu. Frutex est.’’*

CI


*Alipiados, id est, **laureola**.’’*

Rufinus 


*Est satis laxativum.’’*

Rufinus from Magister Maurus. 


*Cuius semen **coconidium** dicitur. Cuius semen vel fructus usui competit medicine. Virtutem habet principaliter purgandi flegma *et* coleram.’’*

CI


*Principaliter purgat flegma et coleram innaturalem, citrinam et vitellinam.’’*

Rufinus from Magister Maurus. 


*Acuatur inde **benedicta** vel **ieralogodion** ad flegma purgandum, **oximel** vel **trifera saracenica** ad purgandum coleram ad plus in quantitate ℈ 5 addito mastice vel gumi arabico vel bdellio ad repressionem acuminis medicine.’’*

CI


*Habet autem naturam excoriandi stomacum et intestina.’’*

Rufinus from Magister Maurus. 


*Movet per superiora *et* inferiora. [122](javascript:footNote('G600005/note122.html'))’’*

CI




---

p.378


168. **Lenticula acatica**: 
  

***Lenticula aquatica**. Virtutem habet contra cancrum. Succus eius con tota herba bene pistata *et* cum axungia porci bene admixta *et* super cancrum posita eum occidit.’’*

Modena 


169. **Leuisticus**: 
  

***Levisticus** ... calidus est *et* siccus in secundo gradu. Virtutem habet diureticam aperiendi *et* extenuandi.’’*

CI


*Ligusticum.
  


> 1. ‘‘Maior radicis vis est et seminis eius
>   
> Et par est illis vis in medicamine quovis.
>   
> Inflato stomacho cum vino sumpta medetur
>   
> Et tali potu vis digestiva iuvatur.
>   
> Omnibus et morbis sic prodest interiorum,
>   
> Urinas sic sumpta movet et menstrua purgat
>   
> Tota venenatis medicatur morsi bus herba,
>   
> Si bibitur bene trita prius vinoque soluta,
>   
> Et pars contritae ponatur desuper herbae.’’
>*

MF 


*Per quattuor annos potest servari. Unde decoctio eius valet contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis. Valet etiam aqua decoctionis eius contra dolorem stomaci *et* intestinorum factum ex ventositate; pulvis etiam eius cum pulvere cinamomi datus in cibis valet ad predicta.’’*

CI


170. **Lepus**: 
  

*No Latin. --- But see BM Cat. 229.*




---

p.379


171. **Lapis agapidis**: 
  

***Lapis agapis**, id est, **Iudaicus lapis**.’’*

Rufinus from Synonima. 


*Lapis agapis vel lapis Iudacus.’’*

Modena 


*Lapis iudaicus.’’*

Avicenna 


172. **Lisium**: 
  

***Licium** calidum est in primo gradu siccum in secundo. Quidam dicunt esse gumi quod falsum est sed est succus herbe. In principio estat is colligitur ... *et* desiccatur ... per v annos potest servari.
  
 
Appellatur **licium** alio nomine **oculus lucens** *lucidus*[123](javascript:footNote('G600005/note123.html')) quia reddit oculos lucidos. *Contra maculam oculi* **licium** pulverizetur subtiliter *et* conficiatur cum aqua rosacea *et* ... pulvis solus vel confectus cum aqua rosacea oculis imponatur. Contra fixuras lingue *et* labiorum *et* oris ulcera pulvis licii ... cum aqua rosacea conficiatur *et* ulcera illiniantur. Probatum est satis a multis **Salernitanis**. Ex licio valet *suppositorium* in acuta febre quia multum desiccata stercora dissolvit. Contra vitium *matricis* informetur *suppositorium* ex **trifera magna** *et* superaspergatur pulvis licii *et* quando superflui humores abundant in matrice valet quia purgat *et* desiccat *et* manat. Contra lentigines fiat inunctio ex licio *et* cerusa in eadem quantitate simul pulverizatis.’’*

CI


173. **Lilium**: 
  

***Lilium** calidum est *et* humidum in primo gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Eius radicis bulbus, quae lilia profert,
>   
> Sub prunis tectus iuncto quoque tritus olivo
>   
> Prodest usturis mire superadditus ignis,
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.380
> 
> 
> Et melius roseum sibi si iungatur olivum;
>   
>     combustaque membra iuvantur.
>   
> Pingui porcino decoctus idem vel olivo
>   
> Reddere posse pilos membris narratur adustis.
>   
> Cum vino potum nocuum purgare cruorem
>   
> Per ventrem dicunt et sic prodesse lieni.
>   
> Praecisis nervis tritus cum melle medetur
>   
> Expressus succus foliorum, mixtus aceto
>   
> Et melli coquitur sic, mellis sint et aceti
>   
> Ut geminae partes, praedicti quinque liquoris;
>   
> Ad desiccandas nihil est magis utile plagas,
>   
> Inque cicatricem ducit licet inveteratas
>   
> Elixus bulbus et cerotis bene mixtus.
>   
> Illitus asseritur sudorem posse movere,’’
>*

MF 


*Contra splenis duritiem radix lilii in multa quantitate cum **branca ursina** et radice enule vel evisci ponatur in vino et oleo per 15 dies postea decoct. coletur, et in colatura addita cera et oleo fiat unguentum.’’*

CI (Er. ) 


174. **Linga auis**, **pigla**: 
  

***Lingua avis** calida est *et* sicca in primo gradu. Viridis multe est efficacie, sicca nullius. Virtutem habet incitandi libidinem *et* humectandi. Herba ipsa ... libidinem incitat. Ad idem valet electuarium confectum ex ... *et* succo lingue avis. Herba ipsa cocta in aqua ordei prodest ethicis *et* consumptis. Valet decoctio lingue avis succi addito zuccaro contra siccitatem pectoris; detur aqua decoctionis ipsius *et* addito dragaganto magis valet.’’*

CI




---

p.381


175. **Litairgirum**: 
  

***Litargirum** temperatum est in frigiditate *et* siccitate. Litargiri multiplex est differentia; est quoddam quod est **spuma argenti** quod fit per excoctionem cum in igne separatur non purum a puro ... Est autem aliud quod **spuma auri** dicitur ... *et* **cathimia** proprie dicitur. Est autem aliud quo comuniter nos utimur scilicet **fex stanni** quod similiter fit ex decoctione cum sit stannum de vena terre. Virtutem habet constringendi consolidandi depurandi ex diverso modo conficiendi. Pulvis litargiri vulneribus impositus consumit saniem *et* ulcera consolidat. Contra scabiem *et* precipue contra scabiem factam de flegmate salso vel colera fiat decoctio aliquantulum olei nucis *et* pulveris litargiri ... Contra ulcerationem virge distemperatum cum oleo rosaceo si inungatur virga putredinem consumit *et* ulcera consolidat. Contra dissinteriam ... litargirum integrum ... aspergatur sepe cum aceto, postea fiat subtilissimus pulvis ... cum aqua ordei, multum valet. Litargirum ... pulverizetur subtiliter *et* abluatur cum aqua rosacea quinquies vel decies ... ille pulvis in modum collirii vel solus cum aqua rosacea oculis imponatur.’’*

CI


176. Licrisi: .i.
  

***Liquiricia** temperate calida est *et* humida. Dicunt quidam quod sit radix, quidam quod frutex. Eligenda est que non multum grossa est nec multum gracilis que tota interius crocea est ... *et* cum frangitur que levis est *et* interius subalbida ... abiicienda est. Valet contra vitium pectoris decoctio eius in aqua *et* maxime pleureticis *et* peripleumonicis. Vinum decoctionis eius valet contra tussim. Ad idem valet electuarium confectum ex succo liquiricie *et* melle. Liquiricia


---

p.382



commasticata *et* sub lingua retenta sitim *et* asperitatem stomaci *et* gutturis mitigat.’’*

CI


177. **Lapasium**: 
  

***Lapacium** calidum est *et* siccum in tertio gradu. Est autem triplex, scilicet **lapacium acutum** ... **lapacium rotundum** ... **lapacium domesticum**. Virtutem habet disolvendi relaxandi aperiendi *et* extenuandi. Contra scabiem succus lapatii acuti, oleum nucis *et* pix liquida simul buliant *et* postea coletur *et* in colatura ponatur pulvis tartari *et* fuliginis *et* fiat unguentum satis competens scabiei impetigini *et* serpigini. Contra lumbricos valet succus eius datus cum melle. Contra flegma abundans in cerebro, succus eius cum succo rute in modica quantitate naribus iniiciatur in aere calido ut in balneo.’’*

CI


178. **Linga b*o*uina**: 
  

***Buglossa**.
  

**Lingua bovis** Graeco sermone **Buglossa** vocatur.’’*

MF 


*Proxima est equalitati in calore ad caliditatem enim declinat parvam *et* est in fine primi in humiditate.’’*

Avicenna 


*> 1. ‘‘Haec choleram rubeam nimio fervore perustam
>   
> Purgat, cum vino fuerit si sumpta frequenter.
>   
> Vim memorem cerebri dicunt servare periti
>   
> Vinum potatum, quo sit macerata Buglossa.
>   
> Cardiacum, cholerae quem fecit copia nigrae,
>   
> Consimili potata modo curare valebit.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.383
> 
> 
> Mixtus aquae tepidae si succus sumitur eius,
>   
> Illi, qui patitur sciasim, mire medicatur.’’
> 

[124](javascript:footNote('G600005/note124.html'))*

MF 


179. **Mas**: 
  

***Macis** calidus est *et* siccus in secundo gradu. Dicunt autem quidam quod macis est cortex qui reperitur circa nucem muscatam in quo continetur nux ut in sua capsula. Habet autem virtutem confortandi ... dissolvendi, consumendi. Est autem eligendus macis qui est subrufus ... *et* habens acutum saporem .... per x annos servatur. Contra indigestionem ex frigiditate stomachi multum valet vinum decoctionis eius. Ad cerebrum depurgandum a superfluis humoribus macis masticetur *et* in ore teneatur. Contra debilitatem stomachi *et* epatis ex frigiditate *et* leucoflegmantiam *et* iliacam passionem *et* contra vitium spiritualium *et* asma ex viscoso flegmate fit optimum remedium: fiat decoctio macis in succo feniculi *et* in fine decoctionis addatur modicum vini*,* coletur *et* colatura patienti detur. Fiat etiam hoc emplastrum quod optimum est contra debilitatem stomachi ex frigiditate ... ex pulvere macis *et* masticis, ana, *et* oleo rosaceo, cera. Contra cardiacam passionem pulvis macis in cibis *et* potibus valet.’’*

CI


180. **Maccula trifolium**: 
  

***Melilotus spp.** calidum est *et* siccum in primo gradu ... **corona regia** etiam dicitur. Virtutem habet confortandi ... *et* est diureticum. Unde vinum decoctionis eius digestionem confortat, ventositatem excludit. Opillationem renum *et* vesice aperit. Per duos annos servatur. Semen


---

p.384



eius in brodio in cibis positum eos boni saporis *et* optime redolentes reddit.’’*

CI


181. **Manna**: 
  

***Manna** calida est *et* humida temperate. Dicunt quod sit succus herbe quod falsum est. Est autem ros qui super herbas diureticas cadit in quadam parte **Grecie** *et* **Indie**. Habet virtutem depurandi *et* mundificandi sanguinem. Unde valet contra acutas febres ex colera. *Alii sophisticant sine melle ex zuccaro *et* **liquiricie** pulverizate *et* melle *et* quoddam durum efficiunt quod [manne] assimilatur.*[125](javascript:footNote('G600005/note125.html')) Si ex succo liquiricie *sophisticate fuerit* ... valet contra acutas febres *factas* ex colera. Nihil autem dulcius manna *pura*. Debet eodem modo parari quo **cassia fistula**.’’*

CI


182. **Mala granata**: 
  

***Malorum granatorum** ... alia acetosa *et* illa sunt frigida *et* sicca. Virtutem habent constringendi. Contra vomitum colericum *et* dissinteriam.’’*

CI


*Ex quattuor partibus composita sunt [cortex, caro, liquor, grana], que tamen omnes sunt stiptice. Habet etiam proprium quod in oculis ictericorum stillatus citrinum abiicit ab eis colorem, propterea ablato cortice maligranati omnia acetosa pistentur; *et* succus extractus cum melle coquatur, et quandam unguenti similitudinem habeat; valet ad unguium oculorum expulsionem, purificatque aciem a grossis viscosisque humoribus.’’*

Ysaac 


*Succus eorum ... potest dari ... febricitantibus ex colera ... fit enim ex succo *et* zuccaro sirupus ad modum sirupi acetosi ... quidam


---

p.385



dicunt talem sirupum **oxizacaram** ... **oxizacara** fit ex aceto *et* succo. Contra fluxum menstruorum supponatur pulvis confectionis cum succo sanguinarie vel plantaginis. Contra fluxum sanguinis de naribus imponatur pulvis solus cum succo sanguinarie.’’*

CI


183. **Marubium**: 
  

***Marrubium** calidum est et siccum in tertio gradu.’’*

CI (Er.) 


*> 1. ‘‘    decoctio totius herbae
>   
> Seminis aut eius phthisicos mire iuvat hausta,
>   
> Pectoris haec varios compescit potio morbos,
>   
> Et melius prodest, illi si iungitur iris;
>   
> Asthmaticos sic sumpta iuvat tussimque repellit.
>   
> Accelerat partus eadem pellitque secundas;
>   
> Si mel Marrubio iungatur, vulnera purgat,
>   
> Hocque modo curat, quae rodunt ulcera carnem.
>   
> Dicitur hoc bibitum lateris sedare dolorem.
>   
> Illius succus cum vino melleve mixtus
>   
> Prodest luminibus caligine debilitatis.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra vermes aurium iniiciatur succus auribus.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Usum Marrubii dicunt non esse salubrem
>   
> His, qui vesicae morbo renumque laborant.’’
>*

MF 


*Detur vinum decoctionis eius ... Idem fiat contra colicam passionem ex frigida causa.’’*

CI


*Accelerat partus eadem pellitque secundas.’’*

MF 


184. **Medulla**: 
  

*Convenientior est medulla vitulorum *et* cerui, deinde tauri *et* po*st* esta


---

p.386



caprarum, deinde ovium. Est calefactiva, lenitiva, abstersiva multi nutrimenti si digeratur. Conturbat stomachum *et* delet appetitum *et* oportet ut comedatur cum piperibus *et* seminibus.’’*

Avicenna 


185. **Masdix**: 
  

***Mastix**, gumi est cuiusdam fruticis similis lentisco. Calide est *et* sicce complexionis in secundo gradu. In partibus **Grecie** invenitur. Contra humiditates fluentes a capite ad oculos *et* dentes *et* dolorem timporum factum ex ventositate ascendente a stomacho ad caput, pulvis masticis cum vino albo odorifero *et* albumine ovi conficiatur addito pulvere olibani si bene vobis placet *et* timporibus superponatur. Emplastrum facturo ex mastice ... super furculam pectoris ponatur vomitum colericum constringit. Aqua decoctionis masticis tepida data digestionem confortat stomachum relaxatum corroborat *et* addito semine feniculi ventositatem excludit. Nota **mastix** parum debet decoqui ... *et* dari tepida, unde cum aqua cocta parum fervida plus valet quam aqua ferventissima. Aqua dico plus valet tepida quam multum calida.’’*

CI


186. **Mel**: 
  

***Mel** calidum est in primo gradu, siccum in secundo. Mel aliud domesticum*,* aliud silvestre. Est autem mel domesticum quod fit a rusticis qui quedam ligna componunt in quibus apes colligunt, *et* tale mel album *et* subrufum est .... Est autem *et* aliud mel silvestre quod aticum dicitur; illud in silvis reperitur. Album in frigidis, rubeum ponendum est in calidis medicinis. **Mel** conservat *et* mundificat. Per c annos servatur. Unde in medicinis ponitur ut semper amaritudo reprimatur mellis dulcedine *et* ut vis ipsius medicine ad profundum


---

p.387



membrorum attrahatur cum pulveribus etiam miscetur ut in sua efficacia conserventur. Contra frigidos humores in stomaco detur **mulsa**, scilicet confectio ex melle *et* aqua, *et* cum aqua abstergit *et* dissolvit. Contra pannum faciei *et* etiam post partum, ʒ ii camphore *et* iiii ʒ nitri cum melle conficiantur *et* sint ita per iii dies; post vero inungetur facies; valet etiam ad idem *et* ad faciem clarificandam lotura facta ex aqua *et* melle. Supposit*ori*um factum in febribus mel supra testam uratur, ut aliquantulum denigretur *et* tunc appone pulverem salis *et* commisca *et* pone super lapidem *et* informa ad modum digiti *et* suppone.’’*

CI




---

p.388


187. **Margarite**: 
  

*Margarita frigida est *et* sicca.’’*

CI


*In ultramarinis partibus reperiuntur inferiori parte **Indie** in ventre cuiusdam piscis, qui similis est marine coclee.’’*

Rufinus from Alexander. 


*Margarite alie sunt perforate artificio, alie natura, et ille quia meliores sunt ponuntur in medicinis. Sunt itaque eligende albe *et* clare. Virtutem habent confortandi. Contra debilitatem *et* sincopim ex medicina ... *et* contra cardiacam passionem in febribus detur pulvis margaritarum cum zuccaro rosaceo.’’*

CI


*Quando abstrahuntur obscure sunt et tunc dantur columbis devorandum in quorum gutture depurantur. Post tertias horas scinduntur columbe et magis depurate extrahuntur.’’*

Rufinus from Alexander. 


188. **Mellago**: 
  

***Mellissa** ... calida est *et* sicca in secundo gradu. Viridis *et* sicca est multe efficacie; exsiccata ad solem post in umbra suspensa, per annum servatur. Habet autem virtutem dissolvendi confortandi *et* consumendi *et* extenuandi. Similem habet efficaciam maiorane. Mellissa in vino *et* oleo decocta *et* cataplasmata duriciem splenis *et* epatis relaxat *et* solvit. Naribus appositus cerebrum confortat *[lt ] de maiorana*. Folia *et* flores in testa calefacta ... quia eventationem operatur, superposita capiti valet contra reuma factum ex frigida causa *[lt ] de maiorana*. *Fomentum ex aqua decoctionis maiorane circa vulvam matricem mundificat et superflua consumit.*’’*

CI

[126](javascript:footNote('G600005/note126.html'))


---

p.389


189. **Mellicratum**:
*No Latin.*


190. **Menta**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Vim calidam siccamque gradu fert **Mentha** secundo.
>   
> Illius potu vis digestiva iuvatur,
>   
> Confortat stomachum.
>   
> Lumbricosque modo depellere fertur eodem.
>   
> Diversis morbis occurrit testiculorum,
>   
> Si foveantur aqua, qua **Menthae** cocta sit herba;
>   
> Concretum solvit lac mammis addita trita.
>   
> Trita canis morsum superaddita cum sale curat.
>   
> Matrici succus si subditur illius, ante
>   
> Quam fiat coitus, mulier non concipit inde.
>   
> Caseolos succus putrescere non sinit eius
>   
> Admixtus vel si viridis superadditur herba.’’
>*

MF 


*Exsiccata ... per annum servatur. Contra fetorem oris *et* putredinem gingivarum abluatur os *et* gingive ex aceto decoctionis mente ortulane, postea fricentur ex pulvere mente sicce vel cum menta sicca. Ad appetitum provocandum ... fiat salsamentum ex menta aceto *et* modico *et* cinamomo vel pipere. Contra vomitum ... fiat decoctio mente in aqua salmacina[127](javascript:footNote('G600005/note127.html')) *et* aceto. Ad matricem mundificandam ... Contra colicam passionem fasciculi mente coquatur in vino *et* renibus *et* pectini cataplasmentur.’’*

CI




---

p.390


191. **Mercurialis**: 
  

**Linochites* .i. **mercurialis**. Calida est *et* humida. Competenter cum carnibus pinguibus cocta detur ad solutionem faciendam. Competenter etiam ex succo vel ex aqua decoctionis eius et oleo sale et melle fit clistere *educens* humores et solvens.’’*

Modena 


192. **Mellifolium**: 
  

 ***Millefolium**.’’*

Rufinus 


193. **Mirtuis**: 
  

***Mirtus vel mirta** frigidus est in primo gradu, siccus in secundo.
Quanto recentiores flores *et* folia tanto meliores. Post maturitatem fructus collecti in magna efficacia per biennium servantur ad solem desiccati, folia autem diutius. Virtutem habet constringendi ex ponticitate, confortandi ex aromaticitate. Contra vomitum *et* fluxum ventris *et* profluvium mulieris ex debilitate virtutis contentive vel ex humorum acumine. Ex fructibus vero contritis vel ex pulvere eorum*et* albiumine ovi fiat emplastrum circa os stomaci contra vomitum; *propter profluvium circa pectinem et renes.*[128](javascript:footNote('G600005/note128.html')) Fiat fomentum circa inferiora ex aqua pluviali decoctionis foliorum eius propter fluxum *et* ad dissinteriam *et* profluvium. Dentur fructus ipsi ad comedendum, vel succus expressus detur, vel fiat succus ex succo eorum addito zuccaro optimus est contra predicta. Sed si non habes zuccarum appone mel.’’*

CI


194. **Mirra**: 
  

***Mirra** calida est *et*sicca in secundo gradu. Gumi est cuiusdam arboris


---

p.391



in **India** nascentis, que in estivo tempore quandam gumositatem a se producit que circa arborem inviscata actione caloris in substantia mirre transmutatur, Est autem eligenda que citrina est, vel subrufa, interius aliquantulum lucida. Servatur autem per c annos. Contra fetorem oris. Contra vitium gingivarum tricentur gingive ex pulvere mirre, putredinem autem consumit *et* eas consolidat. Contra catarrum *et* fluxum humorum a capite pillule ex mirra *et* storace calamita dentur patienti. Eedem valent ad digestionem confortandam. Fumigium mirre ... receptum per embotum in vulvam matricem *mundificat*[129](javascript:footNote('G600005/note129.html')) calefacit *et* confortat *et* consumit *et* ita conceptum adiuvat; per anum valet contra tenasmon.’’*

CI


195. **Morella**: 
  

***Solatrum, morella**, idem est *et* est frigida *et* sicca in secundo gradu.’’*

CI


*> 1. ‘‘Herbam, quam Graeci Strignum dixere,
>   
> Latini **Maurellam** dicunt, vis eius frigida valde est.
>   
> Dicitur auriculae mire sedare dolorem
>   
> Illius succus, si sensim funditur intus,
>   
> Egilopis Strigni dicunt cataplasma mederi,
>   
> Istud idem dicunt capitis prodesse dolori,
>   
> Parotidas reprimit cataplasmatis addita more;
>   
> Strigni prurigo depellitur illita succo.
>   
> Contritis eius foliis coni unge polentam,
>   
> His superappositis **sacer ignis** et herpeta mordax
>   
> Dicitur expelli.’’
>*

MF 


*Contra apostema in epate *et* intestinis *et* in stomaco, cum aqua ordei


---

p.392



detur succus eius. Contra caliditatem epatis *pecia*[130](javascript:footNote('G600005/note130.html')) intincta in succo eius sepe superponatur. Idem contra calidam podagram, herba ipsa trita superponatur.’’*

CI


196. **Morsus demonis**: 
  

*No Latin.*


197. **Muscus**: 
  

***Muscus** calidus est *et* siccus in ii gradu. **Muscus** est quedam humiditas que in apostematibus quorundam animalium reperitur. Sunt autem in **India** ... *et* capriolis sunt similia, in quorum inguinibus sunt quedam concavitates in quibus colliguntur humiditates ad ipsa apostemata. Triplex est eius maneries, est autem muscus qui omnino niger est ... *et* est niger ad subnigrum colorem accedens ... *et* est subruffum ... qui laudabilissimus est. Contra sincopim *et* totius corporis debilitatem ... detur simpliciter cum vino. Virtutem habet confortandi ex aromaticitate, dissolvendi consumendi ex qualitatibus suis. Contra *debititatem*[131](javascript:footNote('G600005/note131.html')) cerebri *et* **matricis precipitationem** naribus applicetur. Ad conceptum impeditum ex frigiditate adiuvandum supponatur cum **trifera magna**. Ad idem muscus resolvatur in oleo muscelino *et* bombix intincta supponatur. Contra fetorem oris masticetur parum *et* predictum fetorem palliat. Contra fetorem subassellarum qui hircus dicitur illiniantur subasselle *et* bene fricentur *et* bene palliat.’’*

CI


198. **Mumia**: 
  

***Mumia** calida est *et* sicca in quarto gradu. Adhuc fit apud paganos



---

p.393



circa **Babilonlam**. Est autem mumia quedam species que in sepulcris mortuorum reperitur. Solebant antiquitus corpora mortuorum balsamo vel mirra condiri. Sanguis ad cerebrum calore balsami trahitur *et* excoquitur, aduritur *et* desiccatur *et* in mumiam *transmutatur.*[132](javascript:footNote('G600005/note132.html')) Virtutem habet constrictivam. Fluxum sanguinis ex naribus sistit ... vomentes sanguinem ... *Contra fluxum menstruorum*.’’*

CI


199. **Mandragora**: 
  

***Mandragora** frigida est *et* sicca. Excessus eius non determinatur ab auctoribus; cuius due sunt species, masculus scilicet et femina. Quidam dicunt feminam formatam esse ad formam mulieris, masculum ad formam viri, quod falsum est. Cortex radicum colligitur, per quattuor annos servatur in multa efficacia. Virtutem habet constringendi infrigidandi aliquantulum mortificandi; virtutem ymotoicam habet .i. soporiferam. Ad somnum provocandum ... pulvis eius conficiatur cum lacte mulieris *et* albumine ovi, cataplasmetur fronti *et* timporibus. Contra dolorem capitis folia eius trita supra timpora patientis ponantur. Contra calida apostemata fiat inunctio in principio, repercutit materiam ... vel saltem eius pulvis cum succo alicuius herbe frigide.’’*

CI


200. **Mirbulani**: 
  

***Mirobolani** fructus sunt arboris in **India** nascentis. Mirabolanorum species sunt v bonorum. Omnes frigidi sunt *et* sicci generaliter.
*Alii mirobolani ... secundum hoc in laxativis ponuntur.*[133](javascript:footNote('G600005/note133.html')) Citrinus eligendus est qui ponderosus est. *Mirobolani citrini principaliter purgant coleram, secundario flegma. Datur in acutis febribus.


---

p.394



Habentibus frigidum stomachum debet dari. Debet dari in potu sirupus actualiter frigidus. Ille qui bonus est cum frangitur ... et cum gustatur parvam habet ponticitatem ... sophisticatus autem cum frangitur ... multum habet ponticitatem. **Kebuli** principaliter flegma, secundario coleram [purgant]. Compositis medicinis. Valent etiam sincopizantibus et patientibus emorroidas. Ad pannum oculorum removendum: isti **mirobolani** conditi multum clarificat visum debilitatum ex fumositate melancolica vel flegmatica. **Indi** principaliter melancoliam, secundario coleram [purgant]. **Emblici** et **bellirici** flegma et coleram purgant.*’’*

CI

[134](javascript:footNote('G600005/note134.html'))
201. **Mala masiana**: 
  

***Mala matiana** .i. **mala silvestria** frigida sunt *et* sicca. Virtutem habent constringendi. Unde valent contra vomitum *et* fluxum ventris. Idem est usus qui dictus est de citoniis *et* contra eadem. **Mala citonia**, decoquantur optime in aqua pluviali postea bene trita ponantur supra renes *et* pectinem. Poma dulcia, que pure dulcia sunt, ventosa sunt. Debent autem dari post cibum febricitantibus *et* cruda *et* cocta sed magis competunt cocta. Competunt autem convalescentibus ab egritudine *et* laborantibus ex indigestione ex frigiditate stomaci. Hoc modo preparentur. Findantur *et* *interioribus nucleis abiectis*[135](javascript:footNote('G600005/note135.html')) fiat quedam concavitas in medio. Et imponatur pulvis nucis muscata, macis, manne, foliorum gariofilorum, aliquando ponitur pulvis solus cinamomi vel piperis *et* assantur *et* dantur post prandium.’’*

CI


202. **Mora selsi**: 
  

*Mora domestica frigida *et* sicca sunt que dicuntur fructus **siccomori**.


---

p.395



Silvestria frigida sunt *et* sicca, fructus sunt rubi ... virtutem habent dissolvendi. Contra **squinantiam** *et* uvam relaxatam *et* brancos *et* vitium faucis. Valet electuarium quod **diamoron** dicitur ... in **diamoron** potest poni. Valet etiam electuarium quod fit ex succo eius tantum *et* melle ... similiter decoctis ... per x annos servatur. Succus eius ... ventrem si fuerit constipatus ... solvit. Succus ... cum melle datus lumbricos necat ... intestina mundificat.’’*

CI


203. **Melli**: 
  

***Meu** calidum est *et* siccum in secundo gradu. Herba est cuius radix simili nomine appellatur. Virtutem habet diureticam ex subtili substancia, attrahendi *et* consumendi *ex qualitatibus suis*[136](javascript:footNote('G600005/note136.html')) Vinum vel aqua decoctionis eius valet contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis. Aqua vero competentius datur in estate *et* iuveni, vinum vero in hieme *et* seni. Pulvis **meu** cum semine feniculi in cibo vel potu datus ventositatem stomaci *et* intestinorum excludit *et* digestionem confortat. Contra tenasmon ex frigida causa herba ipsa in vino coquatur *et* fiat encatisma, postea pulvis eius cum melle confectus superpositus est satis competens.’’*

CI


204. **Mesbili**: 
  

***Mespila** frigida *et* sicca in primo gradu. Proprietatem habent stomachum confortandi; cholericam egestionem ac vomitum auferunt; urinam provocant. Magis pertinent ad medicinam quam ad cibum. Parum enim nutriunt *et* grossos faciunt chimos. Meliora sunt ante cibum quam post cibum sumpta stomacho, quia sunt confortativa eiusque nervis non nocentia.’’*

Ysaac 




---

p.396


205. **Nastursium**: 
  

***Nasturcium** calidum est*et* siccum in quarto gradu. Ipsa herba cruda *et* cum carnibus cocta valet contra humiditatem cerebri superfluam. Contra stranguriam herba ipsa decocta in vino *et* oleo superponatur. Contra iliacam passionem *et colicam*[137](javascript:footNote('G600005/note137.html')) ... semen eius in sacello *et* in vino decoctum superponatur. Contra tenasmon ... cum **anus** exterius est pulvis ano superponatur, renes etiam inungantur melle*et* superponatur pulvis seminis eius.’’*

CI


206. **Napeum**, **sinapium**: 
  

*Sinapi

> 1. ‘‘Quartus ei gradus est in vi sicca calidaque. 
>   
> Maior vis eius in semine dicitur esse.
>   
> Extrahit humores viscosos extenuatque.
>   
>     urinam et menstrua purgat.
>   
> Illo nam capitis strictura resolvitur omnis.
>   
> Utile tot causis quoniam cataplasma Sinapis
>   
> Saepius a medicis variatur conficiendo,
>   
> Dicam qualiter hoc fieri iubeat **Menemachus**:
>   
> In mortariolo tritum bene pone Sinapis 
>   
> Semen, iungatur huic panis candida mica,
>   
> Sic ut tertia sit panis pars iuncta Sinapi,
>   
> His ficus siccas et mel iungas et acetum,
>   
> Aetatis quantum vel morbi causa requirit,
>   
> Nam quo plus ficus siccae vel mellis habebit,
>   
> Ille sinapismus tanto solet acrior esse,
>   
> Debilior, quo plus panis mittes et aceti.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.397
> 
> 
> Infuso faciunt oleum de semine quidam,
>   
> Utile lumborum vitiis, stupidis quoque nervis.
>   
> Exprimitur succus tenero de caule Sinapis,
>   
> Quem siccum mandens dentis tormenta fugabis,
>   
>    adips tundendo vetusto
>   
> Commixtum scrophas disperget, si superaddas.
>   
> Cum ficu tritum capiti superaddere raso
>   
> His qui letargum patiuntur, magna medela est.
>   
> Semen contritum melli coniunge vel uncto
>   
> Istud alopeciis iuvat unguen saepe fricando.
>   
> Hoc quoque curatur manso periodica febris,
>   
> Antea quam diri veniat commotio morbi.’’
>*

MF 


207. **Nenufar**: 
  

***Nenufar** frigidus est *et* humidus in secundo gradu.’’*

CI


  

***Nenufar**, id est, flos **ungule cabaline**.’’Rufinus from Rogerius.*
  

*In septembri collectus per duos annos in multa efficacia servatur. Contra calefactionem epatis *et* calidas distemperantias. Et nota quod melior flos est ille qui in calidis regionibus reperitur quam ille qui in frigidis. Cum floribus precipue conficitur sirupus contra acutas febres. Flores decoquantur in aqua *et* ex tali aqua addito zuccaro fiat sirupus. Contra dolorem capitis ex calore imponunt **Sarraceni** flores in aqua per noctem *et* mane bibunt talem aquam *et* flores *et* naribus applicant contra idem.’’CI*
  

*Facit somnum *et* sedat sodam calidam cholericam, sed tamen debilitat.’’Avicenna*


---

p.398


208. **Nepta**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Herbam, quam **Nepetam** vulgari more vocamus,
>   
> Hanc medici Graeco **Calamenti** nomine dicunt,
>   
> Sicca calensque sibi vis est et tertius illi
>   
> Est in utroque gradus. Cum **mulsa** sicca tepenti
>   
> Sumpta solet tantum sudore resolvere corpus;
>   
> Ex oleo, quo sit decocta, perunge fricando
>   
> Illum, venturae metuit qui frigora febris,
>   
> Non frigus tantum sed febrem saepe repellit;
>   
> Illi, qui sciasim patitur, coxae superadde
>   
> Contritam viridem, fertur comburere pellem
>   
> Et sic humores siccando fugare dolores;
>   
> Appositu potuque suo cito menstrua purgat.
>   
> Est leprae species **elephantiasis**que vocatur,
>   
> Hunc in principio morbum potus Calamenti
>   
> Cum vino curat humores extenuando;
>   
> Serpentum morsus superaddita trita nocere
>   
> Non sinit, et pellit cum vino sumpta venena.
>   
> Potus et iniectus lumbricos enecat eius
>   
> Succus et in membris vermes necat omnibus ipse.
>   
> Si bibit hanc praegnans aut tritam subdit, abortit,
>   
>     cum vino curat anhelos,
>   
> Asthmaticos medici quos Graeco nomine dicunt,
>   
> Et iecoris morbos cum vino mitigat hausta,
>   
> Hocque modo veterem lateris iuvat illa dolorem.
>   
> Compescit stomachi cum vino sumpta dolorem.
>   
> Tollere singultum cum vino dicitur hausta;
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.399
> 
> 
> Atque cicatrices nigras superaddita trita
>   
> Haec naturali reddit purgando colori.’’
>*

MF 


209. **Nux magna**: 
  

*Calida est in tertio sicca in principio secundi. In ipsa est stipticitas plurima *et* folia *et* cortex ipsius omnia sunt stringentia fluxum sanguinis, Cum melle *et* ruta confert torsioni nervorum. Eius oleum confert herpeti estiomeno *et* herisipile *et* fistulis in partibus oculi. Ex omnibus quidem speciebus nucis dixit Alcanzi fieri emplastrum mammille apostemose *et* proprie ex regali magna.’’*

Avicenna 


  

*Corticum vero sive frondium sive arboris unum exagium cum vino esui datum strangurie optime subvenit. Si cum aceto potetur repugnat febribus rigorem habentibus.’’Ysaac*
  

*Est cum ficubus *et* ruta medicina omnibus venenis.’’Avicenna*
  

*Que tunc manducate cito in humorem convertuntur cholericum. Calidum vero habentibus stomachum prestant ustionem, in cholericumque mutantur humorem.’’Ysaac*
  

*Masticata medulla eius ponitur super apostema melancholicum ulcerosum *et* confert.’’Avicenna*
210. **Nux muscata**: 
  

***Nux muscata** calida est *et* sicca in secundo gradu. Fructus arboris est in **India** nascentis. Per vii annos servatur. Eligenda est illa que in suo genere plana est *et* gravis *et* cum frangitur interius non pulverizatur. Virtutem habet confortandi ex aromaticitate sua *et* ex qualitatibus suis. Contra stomachi frigiditatem *et* indigestionem *et* discolorationem ex frigiditate in mane detur nux dimidia.


---

p.400



Convalescentibus ab egritudinibus quibus debilis est calor naturalis ad confortationem spiritualium detur vinum decoctionis eius *et* masticis. Contra indigestionem stomachi epatis *et* intestinorum detur vinum decoctionis eius *et* anisi vel cimini *et* masticis. **Nux muscata** naribus applicata cerebrum confortat *et* spiritualia.’’*

CI


  

*Odorem oris bonum efficit.’’Avicenna*
211. **Nux longa**: 
  

*Amygdale dulces sunt calide *et* humide in medio primi gradus. Amygdale amare calide sunt *et* sicce in fine secundi gradus. Unde **Galienus**, habent, inquit, amygdale amaritudinem sensui occultam propter sui saporitatem. Earum actio velut nuces corporum nutritiva; sunt dure tamen ac grosse substantie; digestioni inobedientes propter sue unctuositatis egestate; neque stomacho ecu (?) nuces sunt nocive. Pectoris renumque sordes mundificant; urinam provocant; epatis oppilationem reserant. Ideoque amare dantur per medicinam, dulces vero pro cibo dantur. Quarum quippe oleum melius est quod ab eis extrahitur, quia earum corpus durum est. Sed si superficietenus excorticentur esuique dentur digestibiliores fiunt, maxime si cum melle aut zuccara accipiantur. Amygdale autem virides sunt tenuiores *et* laudabiliores propter earum aquositatem. Porro si virides priusquam cortices habeant elixentur *et* edantur, gingivas confortabunt, stomachique calorem refrigerabunt. Amygdale amare ... extenuant perforant *et* sunt diuretice, grossorum *et* viscosorum humorum dissolutive, unde pectus mundificant *et* pulmonem ex humore phlegmatico, oppilationem splenis *et* epatis aperiunt, grossam ventositatem habitam in **colon** intestino dissolvunt, urinam provocant, renum ac matricum


---

p.401



sordes mundificant, *et* etiam constipationem aperiunt. Que quidem interiore cortice ablato si pistate in vulvam mittantur, menstrua potenter educunt. Rursus a corporibus putridos expellunt humores, ventris dolorem mitigant, somnum inducunt. Quibus etiam cum amido et menta potui datis omni cum celeritate sanguinis fluxum coarctant. Si cum sapa potentur urine difficultatem dissolvunt, lapidem omnino frangunt, et si cum aceto temperentur faciei lentigines abstergunt, potate etiam cum vino diuturne febri mitigationem prestant.’’*

Ysaac 




---

p.402


212. **Olibanum**: 
  

***Olibanum** calidum est et siccum in secundo gradu. Est autem **olibanum** idem quod **thus**, scilicet gumi cuiusdam arboris iuxta **Alexandriam** nascentis ... nascitur etiam iuxta **Damascum**. Eligendum est illud quod album est *et* clarum. Virtutem habet confortandi ... *et* etiam consolidandi *et* constringendi. Diu servatur. Contra fluxum lacrimarum *et* dolorem dentium ex fluxu humorum a capite ... fiat emplastrum circa timpora ex pulvere eius *et* vino albo *et* albumine ovi. Contra relaxationem uve masticetur **olibanum**, talis masticatio prohibet fluxum humorum a capite ad spiritualia. Inveniuntur etiam quasi pillule inter **olibanum** *et* ex his dentur iii vel v ad digestionem *et* contra acidam eructuationem valent eedem pillule. Ad confortandum matricem *et* mundificandum ipsam *et* conceptum adiuvandum fiat fumigium ex eo. Pulvis olibani confectus cum vino aliquantulum calefiat *et* panni intincti ... Vel superius ad mamillas gracilandas cum aceto conficiatur pulvis olibani *et* panni intincti sepe mamillis superponantur.’’*

CI


  

*S. v. Thus* *Lumina clarificat.’’MF*
213. **Opoponax**: 
  

***Oppoponacum**: **Opos** enim Grece succus Latine. **Ponac** herba est. Succus **ponac**: in tempore estivo finditur radix *et* terra remota. Calidum est *et* siccum in tertio gradu. **Pillule** facte ex gutta eius valent contra asma frigidum simpliciter date vel cum ovo sorbili. Ad idem aliud optimum in succo marubii ponatur per noctem, in mane resolvatur in


---

p.403



eodem succo, post coletur *et* addatur mel *et* fiat quasi emplastrum.
Contra ydropisim ex flegmati *et* frigora periodicarum febrium in succo sambuci corticum iaceat per noctem, addito zuccaro detur patienti. Fumigium factum ex eo valet contra litargiam. Ad menstrua *et* ad fetum mortuum educendum *et* secundinam fiat suppositum ex eo pessarium etiam inde factum dissolutum tamen in oleo muscelino addito succo arthemisie plus valet. **Oppoponacum** cum melle *et* absinthio datum lumbricos occidit.’’*

CI


214. **Ouua**: 
  

*Ova sunt ad equalitatem tendentia sed eorum albumen ad frigiditatem *et* vitellus ad caliditatem *et* ambo sunt humida precipue albumen. In ipsis est stipticitas *et* proprie in vitello eorum assato. Meliora ex eis (ova) sunt ova galline recentia. Ova vero anatis *et* similium sunt mali humoris. Eorum autem albumen sedat dolores mordicativos. Meliora eorum sunt sorbilia cocta in aqua. Sunt tardioris digestionis *et* plurimi nutrimenti. Conferunt asperitati pectoris *et* gutturis sorbilia ex eis *et* tussi *et* pleuresi *et* ethice *et* raucedi vocis ex caliditate *et* stricture anhelitus *et* sputo sanguinis proprie cura sorbetur vitellus eorum tepidus. Cocta sicut sunt in aceto prohibent fluxum ventris *et* dysenteriam.’’*

Avicenna 


215. **Os de corde serui**: 
  

***Os de corde cervi** frigidum *et* siccum est. In corde autem cervi reperitur quodam os in sinistra parte *cordis*. Que sua siccitatis *et* cordis substantia convertitur in osseam substantiam. Discernitur a cartillagine quadam que reperitur in pectore caprarum. Est subrufum


---

p.404



de sanguine cordis. *Caprarum* est albior *et* mollior. **Os de corde cervi** per xx annos servatur. Debet autem primo aliquantulum desiccari. Virtutem habet purgandi fumum melancolicum *et* purgandi melancolicum sanguinem. Contra cardiacam passionem *et* sincopim detur pulvis eius cum succo boraginis. Contra ... fluxum *sanguinis* melancolici humoris per emoroidas detur pulvis eius cum vino.’’*

CI


216. **Ordium**: 
  

***Ordeum** frigidum est *et* siccum. **Ordeum** mundatum decoquatur in aqua donec accedat ad aliquantulum spissitudinem *et* talis aqua optima est. *Ex ordeo multa fiunt que competunt usui medicine scilicet ptisana, farina et polenta et far.*[138](javascript:footNote('G600005/note138.html')) Farina optimus cibus est febricitantibus. Contra calida apostemata in principio ad repercussionem materiei fiat emplastrum eius ex farina *et* aceto *et* est repercussivum. Ad maturationem eorum conficiatur cum vitello ovi. Ad frigida apostemata maturanda fiat emplastrum ex farina eius *et* pice liquida *et* farina *et* terbentina vel melle, optimum est.’’*

CI


  

***Galienus** ordeum ceteris granis nutribilius est. **Rufus** vero triticum inquit *et* ordeum sunt nutribiliora ceteris *et* laudabiliora; nutribilius tamen est triticum. Nec arbitreris horum disputationes sibi esse contrarias, **Galienus** dixit accidentaliter, **Rufus** vero intellexit substantialiter ac naturaliter.’’Ysaac*
  

*Pultes que ex farina ordei *et* aqua fiunt fiant sic. **Ordeum** bene mundatum in mola ponitur *et* teritur. Mola aliquantulum sublevata ut quasi grossam operetur substantiam. Farina diu cocta in aqua optimus cibus est ... laborantibus spiritualium apostemate.’’CI*[139](javascript:footNote('G600005/note139.html'))
  

*Hoc valet ad ... corpusque humectandum; sperma auget.’’Ysaac*


---

p.405


217. **Pampinus**: 
  

*No Latin.*


218. **Petrosilium**: 
  

***Petrosilinum** calidum *et* siccum est in secundo gradu. Est autem duplex, domesticum *et* agreste, quod **sinonum** dicitur. Semina precipue competunt usui medicine. Semina collecta in magna efficacia per v annos servantur. Virtutem habet diureticam. Herba etiam ipsa in cibis posita digestionem confortat. Ventositatem excludit, quia eam consumit *et* attenuat. Contra easdem causas ... valet contra quas paucedanum *i.e. Contra opilationem epatis *et* splenis stranguriam dissuriam detur vinum vel aqua decoctionis eius.*[140](javascript:footNote('G600005/note140.html'))’’*

CI


219. **Pulegiu*m* muntanum**: 
  

*Pulegium calidum est *et* siccum in iii� gradu. In tempore florum colligitur *et* in umbra siccatur. Per annum servatur.’’*

Modena 


  

*> 1. ‘‘Pectoris humores viscosos extenuare
>   
> Et per sputa potest illos educere mire.’’
> 

MF*
  

*Valet contra dolorem stomachi *et* intestinorum ex frigiditate vel ventositate.’’Modena*
  

*> 1. ‘‘Sic quoque pulmonis prodest iecorisque querelis.
>   
> Tussim compescit cum vino sumpta tepenti,
>   
> Et sic urinam compellit reddere largam,
>   
> Et magis ex vino si sit decoctio facta.
>   
> Appositam viridem dicunt sedare podagram’’
> 

MF*


---

p.406


*Fomentum factum ex aqua decoctionis eius humiditatem matricis desiccat, vulvam coartat.’’Modena*[141](javascript:footNote('G600005/note141.html'))
**Piper nigrum**: 
  
 ***Piper** aliud **album** aliud **longum**, aliud **nigrum** *et* **rotundum**. Nigrum *et* rotundum calidum est in medio quarti gradus, siccum in fine eius. **Piper nigrum** per xl annos servatur. **Piper nigrum** virtutem habet dissolvendi consumendi. Pulvis eius carnem mortuam *et* superfluam corrodit.’’*

CI


  

*In ipso est attractio *et* resolutio *et* abstersio.’’Avicenna*
  

*Pulvis eius naribus impositus sternutationem provocat *et* cerebrum a flegmatica superfluitate mundificat. Vinum etiam decoctionis eius *et* ficuum siccarum spiritualia mundat a glutinoso humore. In cibis datus digestionem confortat. Pulvis subtilis factus ex interiori substantia abiecto cortice *et* sepius aspersus aqua rosacea *et* desiccatus, aut simpliciter aut aqua rosacea more collirii oculis impositus maculam *et* pannum tollit. Salsamentum ex eo appetitum incitat si commisceatur cum salvia *et* menta *et* petroselino *et* mica panis usti *et* cum vino *et* aceto distemperetur. Sanguineis *et* colericis non est utilis usus piperis, dissolvit etiam quenquam ad lepram inducit. Piper longum amplius aliis confortat. Quidam dicunt quod omne piper fructus est eiusdem fruticis qui similis est iunipero. Alii non eiusdem sed diversi. **Dioscorides** *et* **Constantinus** dicunt quod sint fructus eiusdem arboris in **India** nascentis. Dicunt etiam quidam quod piper fiat nigrum per adustionem quia cum debet colligi propter copiam serpentum ibi


---

p.407



existentium ignis inter arbores ponitur ut serpentes conburantur vel fugiant, sed eadem ratione destruerentur arbores ipse. ’’CI*
221. **Pulicaria**: 
  
 ***Policaria** calida est in tercio gradu sicca in secundo. Cuius duplex est maneries scilicet maior et minor. Virtutem habet dissolvendi et consumendi. Vinum decoctionis policarie et ficuum siccarum valet asmaticis et contra frigidos humores in spiritualibus. Fomentum factum ex aqua decoctionis eius valet ad mundificationem matricis, vulvam cohartat, pulvis etiam eius subtilis suppositus valet contra thenasmon ex frigida causa. Fasciculi facti ex foliis eius et in vino decocti et loco dolenti superpositi dolorem ex ventositate tollunt. Calefacti in testa sine liquore et capiti superpositi valent contra reuma frigidum.’’*

CI (Er.) 


222. **Paritaria**: 
  
 ***Paritaria** calida est *et* sicca in tertio gradu. Herba est que alio nomine dicitur **vitreola**, quia optime vasa vitrea purgat. Viridis magne est efficacie, sicca modice vel nullius. Viridis virtutem habet dissolvendi diaforeticam extenuandi. Contra frigiditatem stomaci *et* intestinorum *et* dolorem eorum stranguriam dissuriam decoque in aqua salsa *et* in oleo *et* pectini cataplasmetur. Paritaria cocta *et* comesta valet contra dolorem stomaci *et* intestinorum factum ex frigiditate vel ventositate. *Vel eciam decocta cum furfure in vino albo accido aliquantulum facta *et* superposita melius erit.*’’*

CI

[142](javascript:footNote('G600005/note142.html'))


---

p.408


223. **Polipodium**: 
  

***Polipodium** calidum est in tertio gradu, siccum in secundo. Herba est similis filici que supra quercus crescit, *et* super muros *et* lapides. Melior vero est que crescit super quercus. Virtutem habet ... purgandi flegma principaliter, secundario melancoliam. Contra quotidianam *et* iliacam passionem. Illius pulvis conteratur *et* fiat decoctio eius ... *et* in tali aqua fiat iuscellum. Competenter ponitur in medicinis *et* decoctionibus flegmaticis *et* melancolicis. Sanis vero datur ad preservationem. Et nota quod in decoctione **polipodii** debet poni aliquod exclusivum ventositatum, ut est anisum *et* semen feniculi cimini, quia polipodium solum humidum est cum multa ventositate. Contra ... dolorem artheticum *et* ad conservationem sanitatis talis sit usus eius: conteratur ℥ *semis* vel i ad plus *ut*[143](javascript:footNote('G600005/note143.html')) sit multum laxativum *et* fiat decoctio eius aque cum **prunis** *et* violis ... addito semine feniculi vel anisi in multa quantitate *et addito zuccaro* *et* tunc colatura ipsa mane vel sero detur patienti.’’*

CI


224. **Pibinella**: 
  

***Pimpinella**.’’*

Modena 


  

***Sorbastrella**.’’Modena*
225. **Pulitricum**: 
  

*Pollitricum.’’*

Modena 


226. **Porrum**: 
  
 *Porrus est calidus in medio tertii gradus, siccus in fine eiusdem.’’*

Ysaac 




---

p.409


*Ippocras

> 1. ‘‘Istius succum solum dedit ille bibendum
>   
> Aegrotis, qui reiiciunt sputantve cruorem,
>   
> Quos haemoptoicos soliti sunt dicere Graeci.
>   
> Ulcera cum melle tritum iuvat appositumque.
>   
> Pulmones pectusque nocens vocemque canoram,
>   
> Indeque consurgat tussis praecordia laedens,
>   
> Cum ptisana succum Porri sorbere iuvabit.
>   
> Cum vino Porrum datur his quos laeserit anguis
>   
> Quodlibet aut animal fundens letale venenum.
>   
> Commixtus Porri succus lacti muliebri
>   
> Et bibitus tussim fertur sanare vetustam.
>   
> Eius iungatur succo pars tertia mellis,
>   
> Et sic per nares tepidum fundendo vel aures
>   
> Immensum poteris capitis sedare dolorem.
>   
> Si crudum fuerit sumptum levat ebrietatem
>   
>     sic duram mollit et alvum.
>   
> Reddit fecundas mansum persaepe puellas.
>   
> Manantemque potes naris retinere cruorem,
>   
> Intus si nares ungas medicamine tali.’’
> 

MF*
  

*Caput eius coctum et cum sisameleo vel amygdaleo conditum venerem suscitat. Silvestris *porrus*[144](javascript:footNote('G600005/note144.html')) vero calidus est in iiii gradu *et* siccus in iii proinde grossos dissolvit humores ... urinam et menstrua provocat. Succus eius in modum pessarii vulve impositus menstrua educit. Secundum cibum inutilis est: nocet enim stomacho faciens inflationem ac ventositatem *et* cum sui acumine nervos eius mordet; habet etiam proprietatem faciendi fumum nigrum


---

p.410



melancholie pertinentem qui ad caput saliens, visui tenebrositatem facit atque somnia terribilia ac timorosa inducit.’’Ysaac*
227. **Pingedo**: 
  
 ***Adeps anatis** est calidior et siccior. Deinde **adeps castrati** *et* adeps castrati decrepiti est levior; ... adeps decrepiti est melior. **Adeps galli** *et* **adeps cervi** sunt vehementis calefactionis. **Adeps ursi** *et* **adeps anseris** conferunt alopitie. **Adeps anseris** valet ad fissuras faciei *et* labii. **Adeps piscis** confert aque oculi *et* acuit visum cum melle. **Adeps cervi** confert spasmo. **Adeps capria** confert mordicationi intestinorum quando administratur *et* confert ulceribus eorum. Calefactionis ... *et* adeps vacce est media inter **adipem leoninam** *et* caprinam ... *et* adeps masculi in omnibus eis est fortior.’’*

Avicenna 


  

*Adeps ... pinguedine ... ambo ... habent proprietatem ... cibum viscosum grossum digestionique inobedientem faciendi *et* falsam saturitatem generandi ... oppilationem generat.’’Ysaac*
228. **Pira**: 
  

***Pira** frigida sunt et sicca. *Pira ... post alium cibum sumpta virtutem digestivam iuvant.*[145](javascript:footNote('G600005/note145.html')) Ante cibum comesta sistunt et constringunt ventrem. Pira cocta *emplastrum de ipsis* in aqua pluviali et posita super os stomachi vomitum ex colera cohercent. Posita super ventrem fluxum ventris constringunt.’’*

CI (Erlangen) 


229. **Plumbum**: 
  

*Plumbum frigidum *et* humidum in secundo gradu. Contra calida apostemata *et* contra excoriationem ex calore *et* contra herpetem estiomenum ... miro


---

p.411



modo valet. Hoc unguentum miro modo valet contra usturam ignis et aque.’’*

CI


230. **Quercus**: 
  
 ***Quercus** que Grece appellatur hedris. Omnes partes huius arboris virtutem stipticam habent. Folia vero faciunt ad vulnera recentia, si tonsa cathaplasma imposueris. Faciunt etiam ad profluvium mulierum et ad eos qui sanguinem reiciunt et ad dissentericos vel ad ventris fluxum. Omnes partes huius arboris virtutem stipticam habent; plus vero membrana que sub cortice sunt vel infra grandes nimium stiptice creduntur esse.’’*

Rufinus 


231. **Rafanos**: 
  

***Raffanus** calidus est *et* siccus in secundo gradu. Cortices radicum aliquantulum terantur *et* dimittantur in aceto biduo vel triduo, postmodum addatur tertia pars mellis, tale **oximel** valet quartane febribus *et* quotidiane, supradicte colature addatur zuccarum, optimus inde fit sirupus. Contra quotidianam ... *et* contra tertianas nothas ... in mane. Contra duriciem splenis herba ipsa cocta in vino *et* oleo spleni cataplasmetur. Pectini vero ipsa herba cataplasmata solvit stranguriam *et* dissuriam.’’*

CI


  

*Succus eius *et* oleum ipsius conferunt ventositatibus in aure valde.’’Avicenna*
  

*Si frigidi humores fuerint in stomacho *et* indigesti, cortices vero radicis raffani infusas in melle *et* aceto comedat patiens usque ad saturitatem, postea bibat aquam calidam *et* digitis ore immissis vel penna oleo intincta provocet vomitum.’’CI*


---

p.412


232. **Rosmarinus**: 
  
 ***Rosmarinus** calidus est *et* siccus, excessus eius non determinatur *ab auctoribus*[146](javascript:footNote('G600005/note146.html')) in gradibus. Folia *et* flores usui competunt medicine, flos autem dicitur antos, unde fit electuarium quod dicitur **diantos**. *Flores* per annum servantur, similiter *et* folia. Habet autem virtutem confortandi ex aromaticitate sua, dissolvendi ex caliditate, abstergendi, mundificandi *et* consumendi ex siccitate. Contra sincopim *et* cardiacam passionem detur **diantos** cum vino decoctionis eius. Contra debilitatem *et* frigiditatem cerebri fiat decoctio eius in vino, patiens cooperto capite fumum recipiat. Contra humiditatem uve, vinum vel acetum cum decoctione eius gargarizetur. Contra dolorem stomaci *et* intestinorum ex ventositate detur vinum decoctionis eius *et* cimini. *Contra stranguriam et dissuriam flores vel saltem folia in vino decocta pectini cataplasmata prosunt.* Ad menstrua provocanda *et* matricem mundificandam *et* ad conceptum adiuvandum, fiat fomentum circa pudenda ex aqua decoctionis eius. **Mulieres Salernitane** etiam flores in oleo muscelino decoquunt *et* decoctos sibi supponunt.’’*

CI


233. **Reubarbrum**: 
  

***Reubarbarum** calidum est *et* siccum in secundo gradu. Reu aliud barbarum quod in Barbarie regione invenitur ut in **India** ... aliud est ponticum *et* dicitur ponticum quia in **Ponto** insula reperitur, vel quia habet ponticum saporem. Reubarbarum ut quidam dicunt radix est cuiusdam arboris *et* reperitur quasi quedam tuberositas. Est autem eligendum quod in suo genere grave est *et* non perforatum *et* cum frangitur interius habet quasi quasdam venulas distinctas, hinc rufas, hinc subalbidas, hinc croceas. Servatur per iii annos, non ultra; virtutem habet


---

p.413



purgandi coleram principaliter, *et* diureticam. Contra medium *et* minorem emitriteum *et* simplicem *et* duplicem tertianam in aqua decoctionis seminis citrulli melonis cucumeris *et* cucurbite resolvantur tamarindi *et* cassie fistule in colatura, postea ʒ ii reubarbari pulverizati per noctem mane coletur *et* detur pueris, senibus *et* pregnantibus. Contra calefactionem epatis *et* splenis ex calida causa. Contra yctericiam detur cum **trifera Saracenica** *et* cum succo scariole. **Reuponticum**: cerotum factum ex pulvere eius *et* oleo rosaceo vel communi *et* cera valet contra debilitatem stomachi. Pulvis eius datus cum melle lumbricos occidit.’’*

CI




---

p.414


234. **Rosa rubia**: 
  
 ***Rosa** frigida est in primo gradu sicca in secundo.’’*

CI


  

*Et combusturis praeclare convenit ignis.’’MF*
  

*Contra fluxum ventris ex colera ... valet etiam emplastrum factum de rosis ... *et* positum super renes *et* pectine.’’CI*
  

*Fluxum matricis cum vino stringit et alvi.’’MF*
  

*Contra ruborem oculorum si fiat punctura aliqua valent rose cataplasmate sed prius in aqua cocte. Rosa *et* sicca *et* viridis usui competit medicine. **Mel autem rosaceum** sic fit. Mel dispumatum bene coletur, postea addantur folia rosarum viridium. **Oleum rosaceum** sic fit. Quidam decoquunt rosas in oleo communi *et* colant *et* servant.’’CI*
235. **Rubia maior**, **uarencia**
  
  ***Rubea** calida est et sicca in secundo gradu. Alia maior que maiora habet folia et maioris est efficacie. Habet autem virtutem confortandi ... et diureticam. Contra stomachi debilitatem et epatis relaxationem detur vinum decoctionis eius et masticis. Valet etiam emplastrum factum ex pulvere eius exsiccato et mastice et cera et oleo. Ad menstrua provocanda et fetum mortuum et secundinam educendam radix quantumcumque grossa potest haberi radatur exterius et superponatur, si vero inungatur melle superaspergatur pulvis scamonee predictos effectus melius consequitur. Aqua decoctionis eius si caput abluatur inde capillos reddit rubeos.’’*

CI (Erlangen) 




---

p.415


236. **Ruta**, **bisa** *no* **molea**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘A medicis **Rutae** vis fervida dicitur esse
>   
> Siccaque, fertur in his gradus illi tertius esse.
>   
> Utilis est valde stomacho, si saepe bibatur.
>   
> Expellit partum potu veneremque coërcet,
>   
> Tussim si bibitur compescit, menstrua purgat.
>   
> Arteticos sciaslmque iuvat, febrique medetur
>   
> Hausta vel in oleo viridem si coxeris illam
>   
> Et foveas tepido patientes ante tremorem.
>   
> Matrici prodest intestinique tumori
>   
> Hoc unguen vel clysterio si funditur intus,
>   
> Haustaque cum vino prodesse valebit utrique,
>   
> Lumbricos oleo decocta et pota repellit.
>   
> Cum caricis decocta diu vinique liquore
>   
> Proderit hydropicis, si sint superaddita nocte.
>   
> Cruda comesta recens oculos caligine curat,
>   
> Et melius marathri cum succo felleque galli
>   
> Melleque si succus ex aequo i ungitur eius,
>   
> Indeque sint oculi patientis saepe peruncti.
>   
> Indeque sint oculi patientis saepe peruncti.
>   
> Sistit manantem bene desiccando cruorem.
>   
> Obstat pota mero vel cruda comesta venenis.’’
>*

MF 


237. **Repercusiua**: 
  

*No Latin.*




---

p.416


238. **Sambucus**: 
  
 ***Sambucus** calidus et siccus est in secundo gradu. Cortex principaliter competit medicine, secundario folia et flores. *Oleum sambucinum*[147](javascript:footNote('G600005/note147.html')) *Principaliter purgat flegma.* Opilationem splenis et epatis solvit. Contra cotidianam. Contra leucoflegmatiam. Fiat sirupus. *Fomentum factum ex aqua salsa *et* dulci decoctionis foliorum eius pedis *et* manus tumorem sedat.* Sambucus grana laxando sunt bene sana, laxat non peius succus de fructibus eius.’’*

CI (Erlangen) 


239. **Sal**: 
  
 ***Sal**; omne tamen sal calidum est *et* siccum. Contra repletionem stomaci ex frigidis *et* glutinosis humoribus fiat confectio ex pulvere subtili salis in aceto *et* oleo *et* detur cum tepida, deinde penna intincta ori immittatur *et* provocetur vomitus. Optime purgat stomacum a malis humoribus. Contra dolorem ... sal calefiat in testa *et* in sacello positum supra locum dolentem cataplasmetur sepe. Ad constipationem ventris ... fiat suppositum ex melle *et* sale sic: decoquatur mel in sartagine vel testa ut denigretur, deinde apposito sale bulliat ... *et* informetur magdaleon ad modum digiti *et* suppone.’’*

CI


240. **Sarcacolla**: 
  
 ***Sarcacolla** calida est *et* sicca in primo gradu. Gumi est cuiusdam arboris. Contra fluxum lachrymarum *et* sanguinis e naribus fiat sinapisma ex pulvere sarcocolle *et* albumine ovi super frontem *et* timpora. Contra maculas oculorum pulvis eius conficiatur cum aqua rosacea *et* ... postea cum aqua rosacea oculo Imponatur vel etiam per


---

p.417



se. Contra tenasmon recipiat patiens per embotum per inferiora fumum ex pulvere eius posito super carbones. Valet pulvis eius superpositus ... vulneribus quia consolidat.’’*

CI


241. **Scamonia**: 
  
 ***Scamonea** calida est *et* sicca in tertio.’’*

Avicenna 


  

****Diagridium*** est species **titimalli**. **Scamonea** autem principaliter coleram, secundario flegma *et* melancoliam purgat. Nota quod in dosi sufficiunt ℈ ii vel ad plus iii in lb. i *et* *semis*. Potest dari delicatis sine molestia *et* timore, quibusdam etiam acute febricitantibus.’’CI*
  

*Destruit appetitum cibi.’’Avicenna*
  

*Quia etiam violenter ducit *et* quia multam facit abominationem, nunquam per se datur. Lac effluens colligitur in vasis parvis, quod soli exponitur *et* desiccatur *et* in substantiam **diagridii** transmutatur. Ex subtilitate sua *et* etiam viscositate villis stomaci adheret.’’CI*
  

*Est inimica stomacho *et* epati. Facit nauseam.’’Avicenna*
242. **Saturateia**, **utimbra**: 
  
 *> 1. ‘‘**Thymbra** solet Graece dici, **Satureia** Latine,
>   
> Illi sicca minus vis est, sed fervida valde.
>   
> Provocat urinam cum vino et menstrua sumpta,
>   
> Pellit abortivum, muliebris viscera purgat.
>   
> Illius pulvis cum cocto melle subactus
>   
> Et mansus (vel cum vino si sumitur idem)
>   
> Pectoris humorem pellit per sputa tenacem.
>   
> Quod si cum vino mel iungitur et piper illi,
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.418
> 
> 
> Non modicum veneris succendere dicitur ignem.
>   
> Est quidam morbus letargus nomine dictus,
>   
> Oppositum medici quem dicunt esse frenesi,
>   
> Quod vetat haec somnum, somno gravat hic nimis aegrum,
>   
> Hoc tam letali somno depressus aceto
>   
> Thymbram commiscens foveat caput inde frequenter,
>   
> Sic vitium pigri poterit depellere morbi.
>   
> Si desit thymus pro thymo ponere Thymbram
>   
> Praecipiunt medici, quia vis est aequa duabus.’’
>*

MF 


243. **Sene**: 
  
 *Sene calida est et sicca. Arbor est ... cuius folia medicine usui competunt. *Valet contra melancolicas passiones, contra epilepsiam, contra sincopin, vicium splenis, emorroidas et contra quartanam. Diascorides iubet inde fieri **oximel** perutile ad omnia predicta. Sirupus ...* Cum aliis laxativis in quantitate ℥ *semis* vel minus *debet dari*.’’*

CI


244. **Serpillum**
  
 ***Serpillum** calidum est *et* siccum.’’*

CI


  

*> 1. ‘‘Acri cum vino coctum contundis olivo,
>   
> Cui rosa dat nomen, hoc unguine perline frontem
>   
> Aegroti, capitis solet hoc sedare dolorem.
>   
> Haustum cum vino iecoris sedare dolorem.
>   
> Dicitur, hicque solet producere menstrua potus.
>   
> Provocat urinas, compescit tormina ventris,
>   
> Splen iuvat, admixto si saepe bibatur aceto.’’
> 

MF*


---

p.419


*Vinum decoctionis eius sumptum valet contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis.’’CI*
  

*> 1. ‘‘Si mel praedictis iungatur, sputa cruenta
>   
> lactantes mire potus solet ille iuvare.’’
> 

MF*
  

*Vinum decoctionis eius et succi liquiricie valet contra tussim. Vinum decoctionis eius et anisi valet contra dolores stomachi ex ventositate. Vinum decoctionis eius stomachum infrigidatum ... confortat.’’CI (Erlangen)*
245. **Salisit**: 
  

*No Latin.*


246. **Spicanardi**: 
  
 ***Spica** calida est *et* sicca in primo gradu. **Spica** duplex est, scilicet **spica nardi** *et* **spica celtica**. Dicunt quidam quod **spica nardi** sit flos cuiusdam arboris qui plane mentiuntur. Invenitur spica circa radices cuiusdam arboris. Eligenda est que in odore est suavis. Contra sincopim *et* cardiacam passionem limphetur vinum ex aqua decoctionis ipsius. Contra debilitatem cerebri, applicetur naribus. Contra frigidum reuma spice pulvis decoquatur in oleo muscelino vel saltem communi *et* cum digito naribus apponatur. Tale oleum multum confert contra surditatem ex frigida causa *et* putredinem aurium post apostemata. Contra putredinem gingivarum superponatur pulvis eius. Ad menstrua provocanda ... *et* conceptum adiuvandum, pulvis eius subtilis in panno lineo vel saculo formato ad modum digiti ponatur ... postea sibi mulier supponat. Contra tenasmon ex frigida causa pulvis


---

p.420



eius cum bombano exterius existente supponatur. Aiii dicunt quod **Saraceni** faciunt tale oleum ex **spica nardi** viridi.’’*

CI


247. **Sdrusium**: 
  

***Strucium** calidum est *et* siccum in ii gradu. Idem est quod **cauliculus agrestis**.’’*

CI


  

*> 1. ‘‘**Struthion**, Ostrutium, quod vulgi more vocatur,
>   
> Vim calidam siccamque tenet.’’
> 

MF*
  

*Virtutem habet dissolvendi, extenuandi, diureticam.’’CI*
  

*> 1. ‘‘    Radix fugat *eius cum* vino morbos iecoris,
>   
> si trita bibatur,    
>   
> Ictericos sic sumpta iuvat, splenisque tumorem
>   
> Durum, quem Graeci sclirosim dixere, repellit.’’
> 

MF*
  

*Fomentum ex aqua decoctionis eius menstrua educit. *Emplastrum pectini et virge suppositum urinam provocat.*[148](javascript:footNote('G600005/note148.html')) ’’CI*
  

*> 1. ‘‘Menstrua sic lotiumque movet tussique medetur.
>   
> Acri cum vino si iungitur atque polenta
>   
> Illius succus, lepras emundat inunctas.
>   
> Hoc etiam succo, iuncto cum polline quod dant
>   
> Hordea, curatur (ut dicunt) pustula quaevis,
>   
> Si superaddideris emplastri more dolori.
>   
> Ictericis succus mire medicabitur eius,
>   
> Hunc si nare trahant lacti mixtum muliebri.’’
> 

MF*
  

*Contra litargiam ... succus vel semen eius in succo rute *et* forti aceto bulliant in sacello parumper *et* idem posterior capitis pars, scilicet occipitium, prius abraso bene, *et* inde fricentur bene nares.’’CI*


---

p.421


248. **Sulfur**: 
  

***Sulphur** calidum est *et* siccum in ii gradu. *Terra est actione caloris excocta in naturam sulphuream transmutatur, aquosis et terrestribus partibus in igneas transeuntibus.*[149](javascript:footNote('G600005/note149.html')) Contra asma antiquum ex frigido *et* glutinoso humore ... detur pulveris eius ℈ iii cum ovo sorbili. Aliter, accipiat patiens fumum eius positi super carbones ... huiusmodi fumigium purgat caput *et* spiritualia a flegmatica superfluitate competenter. *Contra paralisim ... oleum sicionium id est cucumeris agrestis et cera simul liquefiat et addito pulvere sulphuris et ellebori albi fiat unguentum ... Utile est contra predicta et etiam contra scabiem.* Si fiat asma ex siccitate nullo modo fiat.’’*

CI


249. **Sol secium**, **sbonsa solis**, *?**eliotropia***, ***si*corea**, **ingcuba**, **uerucaria**: 
  

***Sponsa solis**, **eliotropia**, **intuba**, **cicorea**, **solsequium**, **dionisia** idem est. Calida est *et* sicca. Est autem viridis multe efficacie. Exsiccata parve vel nullius virtutem habet resistendi veneno. Contra morsum venenatorum animalium ponatur super morsum succus eius et etiam bibitus valet. Herba etiam cocta *et* comesta solvit opilationem splenis *et* epatis.’’*

CI


  

*Ipsa *eliotropium* est quam Latini **intubam** vel **verrucariam** vocant, eo quod verrucas extinguat ex aqua potata, vel cathaplasmate vice imposita verrucas abstergere adfirmant.’’Rufinus from Dioscorides.*
  

*Si pistatur et sucus eius extrahatur et detur in potu, statim liberat de antrace vel carbunculo et potest addi de zucaro delicatis.’’Rufinus*


---

p.422


250. **Spodium**: 
  

***Spodium** frigidum est in iii gradu *et* siccum. Optimum **spodium** fit ex ossibus elefantis combustis. Virtutem habet infrigidandi *et* constringendi. Infrigidando sitim compescit. Contra fluxum sanguinis e naribus pulvis eius immittatur, et syrupis ad infrigidandum ponitur; pulvis eius cum succo plantaginis datus valet. *Pulvis eius cum succo plantaginis datus valet contra dissenteriam et emoptoicam passionem. Contra profluvium pulvis eius naribus impositus sanguinem sistit.*[150](javascript:footNote('G600005/note150.html'))’’*

CI


251. **Sticatos**: 
  

***Sticados** calidum est *et* siccum in primo gradu. Per annum servatur. Virtutem habet diureticam ex qualitatis subtili substantia. Contra constrictionem pectoris ex frigida causa valet vinum decoctionis eius *et* dragaganti. *Vinum decoctionis eius stomachum et intestina calefacit et ad yliacam passionem valet et ad opilationem splenis et epatis; *et* contra stranguriam et dissuriam.*[151](javascript:footNote('G600005/note151.html'))’’*

CI


252. **Satuirion**, **priamiscus**, **leporina**: 
  

***Satirion** calidum est *et* humidum in iii gradu.’’*

CI


  

***Satyrion**, id est, **priapiscus** vel **testiculi leporis**.’’Rufinus from Synonima.*
  

*Sola radix usui medicine competit. Si idem *i.e. radix* recens *et* maxime tuberosum *et* viride *et* quod reperitur ad modum testiculi circa radicem; virtutem potentissimam habet augmentandi sperma. Contra arteticam detur radix cum **oximelle** vel cum aceto *et* melle.’’CI*


---

p.423


253. **Sandaili**: 
  

***Sandali** frigidi sunt in iii gradu. Genus quiddam est **sandalorum**. Alii sunt albi, alii rubei, alii citrini, *et* isti aliis magis sunt aromatici *et* meliores sed raro isti apponuntur aut inveniuntur. Omnes per iii annos servantur. Virtutem habent constringendi ex qualitatibus, alterandi ex frigiditate. Contra febrilem discrasiam *et* sitim *et* epatis calefactionem fiat decoctio pulveris eorum in aqua addito zuccaro *et* fiat sirupus. *Ad dolorem frontis et sompnium provocandum ex pulvere rubei et oleo mandragorato. De pulvere eius et semine lactuce, contra fluxum per nares ... si fluxus sit ab epate fiat cataplasma.*[152](javascript:footNote('G600005/note152.html')) Contra calorem epatis pulvis eorum conficiatur cum oleo rosaceo *et* aceto *et* plagella intincta epithimentur. Contra vomitum colericum fiat decoctio in aceto *et* aqua pluviali *et* spongia intincta ori stomaci cataplasmetur. Contra calida apostemata in principio, pulvis eius in succo alicuius herbe frigide conficiatur *et* plagelle intincte loco dolenti cataplasmetur.’’*

CI


254. **Sdafisagria**: 
  

***Stafisagria** calida est *et* sicca in iii gradu. Semen usui medicine competit. Ad flegma educendum *et* contra litargiam, pulvis eius naribus immittatur; sternutationem provocat *et* caput a gravedine relevat. Gargarismum factum ex aceto decoctionis eius *et* rosarum humiditatem uve *et* faucium exiccat. *Pulvis eius cum melle lumbricos necat.*[153](javascript:footNote('G600005/note153.html'))’’*

CI


255. **Scolapendria**, **linga ceruina**: 
  

***Scolopendria**: Calida est in primo, sicca in secundo. Est subtilis resolutiva. Frangit lapidem in renibus *et* vesica. Confert spleni


---

p.424



magnifice quum enim sumitur cum **oximele** facto ex aceto in quo decocta sunt folia eius xl diebus delet splenem. Confert ... icteritie.’’*

Avicenna 


256. **Stipica**: 
  

*No Latin.*


257. **Sbaragius**: 
  

***Sparagus** calidus est *et* siccus. Virtutem habet diureticam. Contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis ... confert.’’*

CI


258. **Storax**: 
  

***Storax** calida est in primo gradu, sicca in ii. Gumi est arboris in **India** nascentis. *Substantiam habet glutinosam et vim habet attrahendi.*[154](javascript:footNote('G600005/note154.html')) Storax alia calamita, alia rubea, alia liquida. **Storax liquida** in **Calabria** reperitur. **Storax calamita** non a calamo dicitur sed a **calo** quod est bonum *et* **myrrha** quod est gutta. Storax calamita efficacior est. Per x annos durat. Contra debilitatem *et* frigiditatem cerebri ex ea Informa stuellum ... vel fiat decoctio eius *et* rosarum in aqua cooperto capite. Item, emplastrum de ipsa cera *et* oleo valet contra frigiditatem stomaci. Contra ... frigidum reuma capitis deglutiantur pillule ex storace facte. Fumigium eius menstrua provocat, et valet contra **suffocationem matricis** *et* causas eius. Vinum decoctionis eius gargarizatum humiditatem uve desiccat. *Contra fluxum ad spiritualia pillule inde formate teneantur diu in ore.* **Storax liquida** multum valet in emplastris contra **tineam** *et* pustulas. Capsula ex ea dentes laxos confirmat *et* gingivas confortat.’’*

CI




---

p.425


259. **Sompnus**: 
  

*No Latin.*


260. **Sitis**: 
  

*No Latin.*




---

p.426


261. **Saluia**: 
  

***Salvia** calida est in primo gradu sicca in ii. *Sola folia eius medicine competunt et viridia et sicca, sed viridia magis, per annum servari possunt.*[155](javascript:footNote('G600005/note155.html')) Cuius duplex est maneries scilicet silvestris que **eupatorium** dicitur *et* est magis diuretica *et* domesticum que sic appellatur. *Domestica magis consumit et confortat.* Virtutem habet dissolvendi *et* attrahendi. Et inter herbas maxime confortat nervos sicut inter species castoreum. Contra paralisim *et* epilepsiam valet vinum decoctionis salvie. *In vino decocta et cataplasmata super partem paraliticam multum valet.* Similiter *et* pulvis eius in cibis positus. Fomentum ex aqua decoctionis eius factum stranguriam dissuriam solvit *et* matricem mundificat. Ad excitandum appetitum cum stomacus malis humoribus crudis *et* indigestis repletur fiat salsamentum ex salvia petrosellino *et* aceto *et* modico pipere multum confert.’’*

CI


  

*> 1. ‘‘Pellit abortivum, lotiumque et menstrua purgat,
>   
> Trita venenatos curat superaddita morsus,
>   
> Crudas vulneribus (quae multo sanguine manant)
>   
> Apponas tritam, dicunt retinere cruorem.
>   
> Cum vino succus tepidus si sumitur eius,
>   
> Compescit veterem tussim laterisque dolorem,
>   
> Pruritus vulvae curat virgaeque virilis,
>   
> Si foveas vino fuerit quo Salvia cocta.’’
> 

MF*


---

p.427


262. **Sauina**, **bracteos**: 
  
 ***Savina** calida est *et* sicca in ii gradu.’’*

CI


  

*> 1. ‘‘**Bratheos** est Graece **Sabina** vocata Latine.’’
> 

MF*
  

*Sola folia competunt medicine. Per ii annos durat. Virtutem habet diureticam *et* diaforeticam *et* extenuativam. Contra vitium pectoris ex frigida causa *et* contra dolorem stomaci *et* intestinorum ex ventositate detur vinum decoctionis eius. Contra menstrua stranguriam *et* dissuriam conterantur folia *et* decoquantur in vino *et* oleo *et* ita super pectinem cataplasmentur. *Decocta etiam in oleo menstrua provocat et fetum mortuum educit, melius operatur idem si sit supposita.*[156](javascript:footNote('G600005/note156.html')) Contra tenasmon ex frigida causa **savina** contrita in aceto forti vel vino decoquatur *et* per inferiora suscipiat patiens fumum *et* in ipsa sedeat, vel fiat **encatisma** super nates *et* cataplasmentur.’’CI*
*> 1. ‘‘Illius in vino vel aqua decoctio curat,
>   
> Quos vertigo nocet.
>   
> Omnibus et morbis prodest de frigore factis.’’
> 

MF*
263. **Tartarum**: 
  

***Tartarum** calidum est et siccum in iii gradu. Propter eius violentiam cum aliquo electuario delicato ut cum **diapenidion** *et* similibus detur. *Pulvis eius in cibo exibitus pinguedinem attenuat, consumendo ipsam. Pulvis eius in quantitate unciae *et* serms ... datus cum clareto et cum melle rosaceo ... ducit ad plus 6 vel 7 sellas ...*[157](javascript:footNote('G600005/note157.html'))’’*

CI


264. **Terra sigilata**, **terra Sarasenica**, **argentaria**: 
  
 ***Terra sigillata**, **terra saracenica vel creta** *et* **terra argentea** idem est. Frigida est *et* sicca, maneries terre est *et* dicitur sigillata quia quasi


---

p.428



effigies sigilli imprimitur. Virtutem habet potissimam constringendi. Contra fluxum sanguinis e naribus fiat sinapismus super timpora *et* frontem ex pulvere eius *et* albumine ovi. Ad idem pulvis eius cum succo sanguinarie naribus iniiciatur. Contra fluxum ventris fiat emplastrum supra ventrem ex pulvere eius *et* oleo rosaceo *et* aceto *et* albumine ovi. Contra vomitum fiat emplastrum in **furcula pectoris** ex pulvere eius *et* aceto *et* decoctione rosarum. *Emplastrum de pulvere eius et aceto valet ad pedum inflationem et ad artheticam.*[158](javascript:footNote('G600005/note158.html')) Contra asperitatem capillorum commisceatur pulvis eius cum aqua calida *et* post lotionem capitis haec aqua infundatur ... Sic operantur **mulieres Salernitane** sophisticatur ex creta communi nostra sed tunc non est aromatica nec secundum colorem colorata satis durat.’’*

CI


265. **Tuirbit**: 
  

***Turbit** calidum *et* siccum est in iii gradu. Radix est cuiusdam arboris in **India** *et* **Arabia** nascentis. Virtutem habet ... attrahendi humores ab extremis *et* maxime flegma. Valet contra yliacam passionem arteticam podagram ciragram. Competenter acuuntur medicine ... absque alio laxativo. Mortuam carnem corrodit *et* consumit.’’*

CI


266. **Triticum**: 
  

*Secundum sui naturam substantialem **triticum** in primo gradu calidum est *et* humidum *et* siccum mediocre. Diversitatum tritici secundum tempus nascentie .. aliquando quippe moderatum est tempus atque vernale, equale etiam in calore *et* humiditate ... Si moderato **triticum** nascatur in tempore, in quantitate *et* qualitate perfectum erit. Diversitatum tritici pro vetustate ac novitate sui modi sunt triplices. Vetustum


---

p.429



siquidem ac longi temporis triticum siccum est *et* parum nutrit, ad digerendum etiam durum, quum cum accidentalem eius humiditatem aeris penitus calor exhauriat, naturalem quoque plurimum subtrahit. Si autem sit medium ut videlicet neque vetus sit neque novum, humiditas pro tempore inter multam *et* paucam media est. Novum e contra brevisque temporis propter humiditatem simul ac viscositatem terre humidum est atque viscosum, densum, digeri durum *et* inflativum, ventositatem *et* rugitum faciens ventris. Panis ex eo factus calidior est, calor eius in secundo gradu adipiscitur id ex calore ignis *et* coctione. Ius enim de eius farina confectum purgativum est pectoris *et* pulmonis eorumque lenit asperitatem. Idem facit si ptisanum faciamus sicut de ordeo fieri solet, *et* plus ordeaceo ad tussim *et* sputum *et* fluxum sanguinis valet. Et si coquatur cum oleo *et* duro superponitur apostemati dissolvetur. Cum aqua *et* ruta si coquatur *et* mamille superliniatur dure propter lactis coagulationem interius, in molliciem duricies commutabitur. Temperata cum succo iusquiami *et* cataplasmate ex ea super nervos facto humores nocivos descendere prohibet. Granum masticatum cum saliva hominis apostemati quod ex rabidi canis morsu contingit superpositum morbum fugat. Diversitas grani secundum terram ubi nascitur ... Quod in crassa igitur *et* pingui nascitur granum crassum est et pingue ... nutribileque existit. Quod in macra *et* sicca ... est macrum *et* siccum ... minusque nutrit. Fermentum ... calorem habet parvum *et* frigiditatem unde subtilem habet virtutem humores corporis ex interioribus extrahendi. ’’*

Ysaac


267. **Tanasetum agreste**: 
  

*No Latin.*




---

p.430


268. **Tapsia**: 
  

***Tapsia** calida est *et* sicca in iii gradu. Per iii annos durat. Principaliter ducit per vomitum, secundario per secessum. Virtutem habet dissolvendi *et* attrahendi humorem ad superficiem corporis. Commisceatur acetum cum **populeon** *et* inungatur.’’*

CI


269. **Tela rania**: 
  

***Tela aranea** frigida est *et* sicca. Virtutem habet constringendi *et* consolidandi, unde vulneribus recentibus apposita ea consolidat *et* competenter inde in vulneribus mortificata superponitur.’’*

CI


270. **Terpintina**: 
  

***Terebentina** calida est *et* sicca. Gumi arboris est **abietis** ut quidam dicunt. Per c annos durat. Virtutem habet dissolvendi laxandi *et* maturandi. Ad frigida apostemata maturanda conficiatur terebentina cum farina ordei *et* cataplasmetur. Contra tenasmon super carbones ponatur *et* emboto imposito accipiat patiens fumum inferius. Contra **suffocationem matricis** accipiat fumum per os; ad **precipitationem matricis** **suppositorium** etiam factum ex bombice intincta matricem mundificat.’’*

CI


271. **Tamariscus**: 
  

***Tamariscus** calide *et* sicce complexionis est. Secundum quosdam est frutex, secundum alios arbor. Secundum folia usui competit medicine *et* maxime secundum corticem. Virtutem habet diureticam *et* mundificativam splenis; *et* maxime contra opilationem splenis *et* epatis, stranguriam *et*


---

p.431



dissuriam *et* yliacam. Detur vinum decoctionis pulveris corticis **tamarisci**; quae etiam pulvis valet in cibis *et* potibus.’’*

CI


272. **Tamuirindi**, **oxifencia**, **dactilus asetosus**, ***dactilus* indicus**: 
  

***Oxifenicia**, alio nomine **finicon radi** *et* **dactilus indicus** *et* **tamarindus**. *Dicitur phenicon.*[159](javascript:footNote('G600005/note159.html')) Fructus sunt cuiusdam arboris in **India** nascentis *et* est similis dactilis. Frigidi sunt *et* sicci in secundo gradu. Virtutem habet purgandi coleram *et* mundificat sanguinem *et* fervorem eius reprimendo.’’*

CI


273. **Turio uitis**: 
  

(s.v. Rubum) *Contra rubedinem oculorum turiones eius conterantur cum vitello ovi et addito croco oculis superponantur confert.’’*

CI


274. **Uernix**, **bernix**, **elasia**: 
  
 ***Bernix** calida est et sicca in tertio gradu. Est autem gumi cuiusdam arboris. Cuius tres sunt species, quedam autem est subcitrini coloris, quedam subrufi, quedam subalbidi. Quecunque species sit dummodo est clara *et* lucida est eligenda. Virtutem habet conglutinandi ... clarificandi *et* conservandi, quod satis patet, quoniam pictores super alios colores ponunt ipsam ut melius luceant *et* alios colores conservet. Contra vomitum colericum fiat emplastrum ex pulvere eius *et* olibano et albumine ovi *et* **furcule pectoris** superponatur. Contra fluxum sanguinis e naribus, pulvis confectus.’’*

CI


275. **Ueruena**, **herba Ueneris**, **peristeron**: 
  

*> 1. ‘‘Verbenam Ierobotanum Peristereonque
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.432
> 
> 
> Appellant Graeci;   
>   
> Pestiferos morsus curat superaddita trita
>   
> Cum vino (renovanda quidem per quatuor ista
>   
> Est medicina dies); oris bene vulnera purgat
>   
> Illius succus tepidus si volvitur ore.
>   
> Glutinat herba recens vulnus superaddita trita,
>   
> Occurrit cunctis cum vino sumpta venenis.
>   
> Quae furit alternis febris accedendo diebus
>   
> Pellitur hac, tribus assumptis radicibus eius
>   
> Cum totidem foliis potetur aqua resoluta
>   
> Ista prius, patiens quam frigus sentgiat ullum;
>   
> Hocque modo febribus quartanis illa medetur,
>   
> Bis binis foliis cum tot radicibus haustis.
>   
> Hanc herbam gestando manu si quaeris ab aegro:
>   
> Dic, frater, quid agis? bene si responderit aeger,
>   
> Vivet, si vero male, spes est nulla salutis.
>   
> **Plinius** affirmat, hanc omnibus esse salubrem
>   
> Visceribus, lateris morbis, iecorisque querelis,
>   
> Pectoris et vitiis.    
>   
> Herbam cui nomen foliis de mille dedere
>   
> Betonicamque pari Verbenae pondere iunge,
>   
> Haec mixta potentur aqua, nullum medicamen
>   
> Utilius credunt illis, quos calculus angit.’’
>*

MF


276. **Uiola**: 
  

***Viola** frigida est in primo gradu, humida in fine secundi. *Per
biennium servatur. Melius est tamen si de anno in annum renovetur.


---

p.433



De ipsis viridibus fit zucharum violaceum et **oleum violaceum**.*[160](javascript:footNote('G600005/note160.html')) Oleum violaceum fiat hoc modo: viole decoquantur in oleo *et* colentur. Sed sirupus violaceus sic fit: viole in aqua coquantur *et* ex colatura *et* zuccaro fiat sirupus. Vel sic *et* melius est, viole dimittantur in aqua per noctem *et* fiat sirupus. Vel, *de oleo violaceo* etiam sic quod melius est: decoquantur *et* colentur *et* colature recentes addantur *et* sic dimittantur per xv dies ad solem *et* coletur. Valet contra discrasiam totius corporis. Inunctum super timpora *et* frontem *et* dolorem ex calore removet. Nota etiam quod viola virtutem habet *leniendi*[161](javascript:footNote('G600005/note161.html')) *et* humectandi refrigerandi *et* relaxandi. Herba ipsa contrita super calidum apostema posita in principio valet. Fomentatio ex aqua decoctionis ipsius circa pedes *et* frontem in acutis *febribus*[162](javascript:footNote('G600005/note162.html')) somnum provocat. Et nota quod sirupus violaceus magis debet decoqui quam rosaceus; aliter enim corrumperetur.’’*

CI


  

*> 1. ‘‘Crapula discutitur bibitis, capitisque gravedo
>   
> Olfactu solo vel si caput inde coronas.
>   
> Purpuream violam dicunt curare caducos.
>   
> Radices violae cum mirrha tunde crocoque,
>   
> Hoc inflammatis oculis apponito nocte;
>   
> Contritis foliis violae cum melle perungens
>   
> Ulcera sanabis capitis; si iungis acetum
>   
> Et cataplasma facis cedet collectio quaevis.
>   
> Illius curat elixatura tumorem
>   
> Matricis, tepida si saepe fovebitur illa.
>   
> Illius semen cum vino menstrua purgat.
>   
> ... superaddas;
>   
> Hocque modo calidam dicunt sedare podagram.
> 
> 
> ---
> 
> p.434
> 
> 
> A stomacho choleram rubeam potata repellit
>   
> Herba virens violae vel flos siccusve recensve,
>   
> Morbos de cholera rubea vel sanguine factos,
>   
> Mollibus in costis aut in pulmonibus ipsis,
>   
> Sedat si mixto potabitur amne recenti;
>   
> Infantum tussim sic et suspiria sedat,
>   
> Auribus infusum sonitum fugat atque dolorem.
>   
> Lumbricos necat infusum bibitumve vel unctum.
>   
> Os capitis ictu fuerit si forte plicatum
>   
> In tantum, ut linguae patiens amiserit usum,
>   
> Fac prius hanc violam cum vino sumere tritam.’’
> 

MF*
277. **Uirga pastoris**, **osaragi**: 
  

*Virga pastoris frigida est *et* sicca. Virtutem habet constringendi. Ex pulvere eius *et* aceto *et* albumine ovi supra pectinem *et* renes positum valet contra fluxum ventris. Valet etiam pulvis eius datus cum ovo sorbili. Valet ad calida apostemata in principio ut erisipilam *et* huiusmodi. Caput cataplasmetur pilis abrasis freneticis valet.’’*

CI


278. **Uitrum**: 
  

***Vitrum** frigidum est in primo gradu, siccum in ii. Ad scabiem sic valet: picula ad ignem resolvatur *et* coletur *et* addatur oleum nucis, tartarum *et* vitri pulvis *et* immitatur. Ad serpiginem *et* impetiginem, gumi prunorum in aqua ad ignem resolvatur *et* fortiter exprimatur *et* addito vitri pulvere fiat unguentum. Ad **morpheam** cum flore *muri*[163](javascript:footNote('G600005/note163.html')) *et* oleo rosaceo *et* capitello conficiatur pulvis eius *et* locus inde fricetur precedente scarificatione *ut sanguis exeat*[164](javascript:footNote('G600005/note164.html')) Pulvis eius


---

p.435



subtilissimus cum succo feniculi *et* in oculo positus corrodit pannum.’’*

CI


279. **Uua**: 
  

*Uva maturata sanguinem laudabilem facit; ceteris fructibus quemadmodum ficus melior cibus est. Substantias in se tres habet diversas, granorum unam, corticum alteram, humoris tertiam. Item, haec quattuor composita substantiis existit: ossa sunt frigida *et* stiptica ... Item, cortex est frigidus *et* siccus ... **Galienus** cortices inquit uve *et* ficus similes sunt ad digestionem duri ... ventositatem generat ... Alba uva subtilis, minus nutrit *et* cito digeritur, quamobrem vini eius ebrietas cito venit *et* cito transit. Nigra grossa nutrimenti pluris, sed digestionis tarde; idcirco vini eius ebrietas sero discedit. Rufa vel citrina harum medie sunt, cuiuscumque vini ebrietas cito venit, cito *transit*. Rursus cuiuscumque tarde, diu permanet *et* tarde transit.’’*

Ysaac




---

p.436


280. **Uinum**: 
  

*Vinum bonum dat nutrimentum corpori, sanitatem reddit *et* custodit si sic accipiatur secundum quod oportet. Digestabilem confortat virtutem, non solum in stomacho, verum etiam secundam que est in epate. Physici concordati sunt quod impossibile sit actionem virtutis digestive confortari absque caloris naturalis fortitudine. Neque ullus cibus invenitur aut potus qui adeo fit naturalis caloris confortativus *et* augmentativus prout vinum propter familiaritatis consortium ... eius calor similis est calori naturali. Cito convertitur in naturalem *et* mundissimum sanguinem. Turbidum clarificat sanguinem *et* aditus totius corporis maxime venarum aperit, tenebrosam fumositatem tristiciae generativam a corde expellit, totiusque corporis membra corroborat. Non solum sua bonitas in corpore ostenditur, sed etiam in anima operatur, facit enim illam oblivisci tristiciam *et* angustiam, datque sibi leticiam, confortat eam ad investigandam subtilem ac difficilem rem, eique tribuit solicitudinem *et* audaciam. Necesse est ut sit conveniens omnibus etatibus temporibus *et* regionibus, tamen cum sumptum fuerit secundum vim *et* consuetudinem bibentis *et* quod natura ferre poterit. Quia videmus adulescentulos *et* pueros quandam vini quantitatem sustinere, iuvenes vero *et* viros maiorem. Decrepitis autem licet eis optimum esse videatur ad confortanda corpora eorum ... multominus tamen quam iuvenes tolerant vini quantitatem propter defectionem eorum capitis *et* suorum nervorum molliciem. Actio ergo vini non eodem modo operatur in senibus sicut in iuvenibus pueris *et* adolescentibus. In senibus vero est secundum


---

p.437



medicinam quia calor vini repugnat eorum frigiditati; in iuvenibus vero est secundum cibum quia vini natura iuvenum naturis similis est; adolescentibus *et* pueris est secundum cibum *et* medicinam quia calor eorum naturalis licet substantialiter fit fortis nondum tamen est in perfectione propter abundantiam eorum humiditatis proinde vinum naturali calori dat augmentum *et* nutrimentum. Si multum *et* purum fuerit, convenit in hyemali tempore *et* frigida regione. In estate vero calidaque regione vini paucitas multumque commixti necessario congruit, corpora enim refrigerat *et* humectat propter aquam que cum eo mixta est. Diversitas enim vini generaliter est triplex: aut enim recens unius anni vel parum post; aut vetus a quattuor usque ad septem transiens annos; aut mediocre .i. a duobus usque ad quattuor. Recenti vero est calor in primo gradu unde pertinet frigiditati et humiditati, idcirco ceteris est nutribilius. Malos generat humores ... *et* ventositatem stomachi *et* intestinorum. Unde **Galienus**: Vinum quodcunque recens fuerit, non habet vim ducendi cibum per corpus. Vetus autem vinum quod transit usque ad septem annos vel plus calidum est et siccum in iii gradu *et* habet quiddam amaritudinis. Huiusmodi vinum parum nutrit, citoque caput ascendit *et* mentem percutit propter sue punctionis acumen, maxime si multum ex eo bibatur *et* parum aque ibi misceatur propter hoc igitur caveant illud nervos debiles habentes *et* qui sensus acutos habuerint; magnum enim eis prestat nocumentum nisi tantam in suis corporibus habeant humiditatem que bene resistat vini acumini. Vinum vero inter novum *et*vetus mediocre est bonum. In hac mediocritate vinum consistens dicitur calidum *et* siccum in secundo
gradu proinde huiusmodi vinum eligatur.’’*

Ysaac




---

p.438


281. **Uenenum**: 
  

*No Latin.*


282. **Uenter**: 
  

*No Latin.*


283. **Uermis**: 
  

*No Latin.*


284. **Uisus**: 
  

*No Latin.*


285. **Uomitibus**: 
  

*No Latin.*


286. **Uritiua**: 
  

*No Latin.*


287. **Yringi**, **socacul**: 
  

*No Latin.*


288. **Ycor**: 
  

*No Latin.*


289. **Ydor**: 
  

*De aqua. Physici videntur esse concordati, maxime **Hippocrates** *et* **Galienus**, quod aqua sit composita in prima compositione de duabus


---

p.439




qualitatibus simplicibus, *id est* frigiditate *et* humiditate; proinde nullum dat nutrimentum corporibus humanis nec augmentum, nisi composita cum variis cibariis fuerit. Aqua enim quia frigida est *et* humida naturaliter *et* essentialiter *et* non ad aliarum rerum comparationem necessario nullum dat nutrimentum calide *et* sicce complexioni, quia contraria est *et* repugnat omnibus calidis *et* siccis naturaliter. Quod cum ita sit, necesse est in eis operetur nihil nisi secundum quod operatur contrarium contrario *et* actio cuiuslibet contrarii non est rei sibi contrarie augmentativa vel nutritiva, sed repugnativa *et* destructiva; sicut videmus aquam igni resistere, albedinem nigredini. Aqua enim ignem extinguit, ignis vero aquam calefacit; cum frigiditate *et* sui humectatione refrigerat *et* extinguit caloris extranei naturalis acumen. Similiter albedo vult albam reddere nigredinem *et* nigredo nigrescere albedinem ... Palam est ergo aquam nullum dare nutrimentum corporibus. Preterea dicimus aquam esse simplicem *et* corpora nostra composita *et* simplex non operatur in composito sicut compositum in compositum. Simplex enim composito dissimile, compositum composito simile; compositum suum simile crescere facit, simplex autem e converso facit illud decrescere. Nutrimentum nihil aliud est quam cibi assimilatio in corporibus edentium, quia simile est potestate. Sed aqua non est nutribilis, quia neque potestative neque accidentaliter est similis calori *et* siccitati nostri corporis. Nullum habens colorem nec saporem nec odorem nec fetorem, quia color, sapor *et* odor significant quattuor compositiones qualitatum ab actione nature compositas in corporibus. Non ergo debet habere saporem, colorem neque odorem, quia si hec habeat significat aliam rem in ea esse adunatam.’’*

Ysaac




---

p.440


290. **Yarapigra Galieni**: 
  

*Yera pigra Galieni, id est sacra; pigra, id est amara. Facit ad diversas capitis passiones aurium *et* oculorum distemperantiam, stomachum quam optime purgat, causas epatis em*e*ndat, splenis duricias *et* densitatem mollit et extenuat, renibus *et* vesice proficit *et* matricis distemperantiam emendat.’’*

Antidotarium Nicolai


291. **Zinciber**: 
  

*Zinziber calidum est in iii gradu, humidum in i. Vinum decoctionis eius *et* cimini valet ad dolorem stomaci *et* intestinorum ex ventositate *et* indigestionem. Valet ad tussim siccam *et* ad spiritualium frigiditatem. Pulvis etiam eius cum bombice suppositus contra frigidum tenasmon valet. Pulvis etiam in cibis exhibitus sincopizantibus confert.’’*

CI


292. **Ziucra**: 
  
 ***Zuccara** calida est *et* humida temperate in i gradu. Habet virtutem humectandi *et* relaxandi.’’*

CI


*Sicut acetositas cholere acumen extinguit, sic dulcedo qui rei acetose est contraria, regit et auget choleram rubeam.’’Ysaac*
*Durum et album zuccarum ... cuius usus in multis est necessarius, ut pote in confeccionibus medicinarum acute febricitantibus et in sirupis. Et nota quod zuccarum multum valet sicientibus viantibus oblatum cum non habeant liquorem in calida regione, et prodest ptisicis et consumptis asmaticis positura in cibo et potibus eorum, resumit enim eorum extenuationem et lubricat siccitatem.’’CI (Erlangen)*
*Electuarium dulce quod valet podagricis arteticis paraliticis


---

p.441



sciaticis nefreticis calculosis colicis yliacis: 
  

Recipe
  

spice
  

zinciber
  

piperis longi
  

ana dragmas iii,
  

cinamomi
  

gariofili
  

piretri
  

ana dragmas v,
  

masticis
  

rose
  

sal gemme
  

maratri
  

carpobalsami
  

petrosilini
  

spice celtice
  

ana dragmam i,
  

saxifrage
  

xilobalsami
  

granorum solis
  

carui
  

macedonici semen
  

brusci
  

cardamomi
  

macis
  

galange


---

p.442



sparagi
  

hermodactilis
  

ana dragmas ii,
  

diagridii dragmas iii,
  

turbit
  

polipodii
  

ana dragmas iiii,
  

zuccare libram et semis,
  

mel quod sufficit.
  

Conficiatur more electuarii suave. Est gustu suavius. Laxat et satis. Humores innaturales purgat. Potest addi nucis muscati dragmas v, ambre dragmas iiii.’’Antidotarium Nicolai*


---

p.443


An Irish Materia Medica
-----------------------




---

p.444


1. **Aron barba**, **iarus**, **pes uituli**, i.e. the three names of the **cuckoo-pint**, and it is clear, according to **Rhases**[165](javascript:footNote('G600005/note165.html')) in his book  *Colliget*, that the herb is hot and dry in the third degree, and that it has the laxative, attenuating and dissolving virtues in its root. And it serves well to make fine powder of this herb, together with pig lard, and if a poultice of it be put on the cold imposthumes it will dissolve and attenuate and mature them. Item, take the same herb, and as much of **mullein**, put them in a new little bag of linen, boil well in water, place hot on the **anus**, and it will be helpful in the flux called **haemorrhoids**. Item, make a fine powder of the roots of this herb and put it in the wounds in which there is **proud flesh**. Item, take the roots of the same herb, dry them, make powder of them, mix them with rose water, and put them on the face and it will takeaway its lumps and freckles and give it a bright, clear colour. Platearius says that this herb has four virtues, the dissolving, the consuming, the laxative and the attenuating, and for that reason it is ordered in the case of imposthumes of the ears to boil this herb in wine, oil and pig lard, to put ***cumin*** powder in it, and to apply it as a poultice to the ears, and it will be helpful in disease of the ears. It is appropriate to give this herb for the shortness of breath called asthma. Pound this herb, boil it in bear grease or in old lard of boar, and strain it, and rub it on the chest and the flanks, and it will open up the breathing and soften up the chest. Item, place the juice of this herb in the vagina, as a pessary is applied,


---

p.445



and it will provoke menstruation surely and gently, and if **benedicta** is added to it, it will provoke menstruation all the more, as we have said, Platearius says that this herb has great effect in the winter and in the summer, and its effect is great in its foliage, and more still in its root, and more than that again in the tubers it has on it. If its roots be dried, it will have effect in all the things we have said for a year.


Of cuckoo-pint


of juice of unripe sloes


of wormwood


of southernwood


of nettle


of white hellebore


of coltsfoot


of sorrel


of vinegar


of parsnip


of wild garlic


of agaric


of agrimony


of tutsan


of spleenwort


*of squill*


of oak galls


of columbine


of alexanders




---

p.446


of quicklime


of mallow


of aloes


of ash


of onion


of alum


of spermaceti


of wood sage


of spurge


of starch


of scabious


of garlic


of nettle seed


of dill


of flower of roses


of anise


of celery


of orpiment


of orach


*of mercury*


of tree gum


of aristolochia


of ragwort


of tansy


of penny royal


of avens


of hazel




---

p.447


of oats


of mouse-ear hawkweed


of gold.


2. **Accacia**, **sucus prunellarum**, i.e. the juice of unripe sloes; and this juice is cold in the first degree and dry in the third degree; and it is appropriate to give it to those who have the **sacer ignis**, i.e. **erysipelas**, and to those who have hotness and wetness in their eyes; and it is good for those who have a rash or scabs on their mouths. Item, **Avicenna** says, when the womb or the **anus** emerge, to give this juice as a clyster, and it will put them back in place, and they will be well thereafter. Item, Ar. says, if this juice be given as a drink, it will prevent the flux of the abdomen (diarrhoea) and dysentery in particular, as **Avicenna** says.


3. **Absinthium**, **centonica**, **pointicum** i.e. the three names of the **wormwood**, and it is said that this herb is hot in the first degree and dry in the second degree. **Avicenna** says to boil this herb in water, strain it well, take a drink of it the following day, and it will help with soreness of the abdomen and pain in the stomach, and it will comfort the appetitative and digestive virtues in the stomach. Item, pound this herb, rub in cow's milk, strain it well, drink it warm, and it will kill the **long worms** of the stomach, i.e. **lumbrici**. Item, pound the same herb with vinegar, press it well through a linen cloth, rub it on the face, and flies and midges will do no harm to *the patient* that day. Item, put the same herb in wine or in ale, give it to drink, and it will help with the bite of a


---

p.448



mad dog and of every other poisonous animal. Item, boil this herb in water, make a fomentation of it, and it will help with deafness of the ear. Item, pound this herb with honey, press it through a linen cloth, and put one drop of it warm in the ear, and it will help with discharge of the ear and with foulness of the ear. Again, it is good to rub the same juice on the face which has been bruised by a blow or a fall, and it will give it a good colour. Item, make a poultice of the same herb and of honey, and it will help with quinsy. Item, boil this herb in water, and with it wash the member that has eruptions or scabs on it and it will help with it. Item, rub this herb into wine, let him drink it before going to sea, and he will not vomit, nor will sea-sickness harm him. Item, put this herb in the pillow of the sick person, and it will bring on sleep. Item, pound this herb with gall of ox, press it through a linen cloth, put one drop of it in the ear, and it will help with deafness and noise of the ear. If this herb be put in books or in clothes of good quality, moths will not be generated in them. Item, make a poultice of this herb and of honey, put it on the surface over the spleen or on the surface over the womb, and it will help the womb and the spleen with their hardness and painfulness. Item, if the juice of this herb be rubbed on the pulses of the hands or the feet, it will prevent the rigor and paroxysm of intermittent fever. Item, take the juice of this herb and juice of endive, the same amount of both, and drink it against the hardness of the liver and against **jaundice** that comes of the choleric humour. Item, take the juice of this herb and sugar and warm water, drink it fasting, and it will help with every headache that comes from windy matter of the choleric humour which rises from


---

p.449



the stomach to the head. Item, take the juice of this herb and vinegar and warm water, drink it fasting, and it will help with hysteria. Item, boil this herb in wine, pound it well, and put a poultice of it on the surface over the spleen, and it will help with the hardness of the spleen and of the liver. Item, take the **juice of wormwood** and honey and powder of ***cumin***, mix them together, and put them as a poultice on the member that is bruised or discoloured, and it will help with the pain of it. Also, it provokes menstruation*.* Again, **Galenus** says in the Liber Graduum that it purges the choleric humour in the first place, and the phlegmatic humour in the second place, and especially from the opening of the stomach and from the liver. Also, it is said in the same place that there are two contrary virtues in the **wormwood**, i.e. the laxative virtue and the constrictive virtue; the laxative virtue because when the digested humours occur in the stomach by reason of the consumption of this herb, they are purged in respect of their weight. And when the undigested humours occur in the stomach by reason of the consumption of this herb, they become crass, and their undigestedness increases because of the stiptic virtue that is in it. Again, it purges the choleric humour from the **mesenteric veins**, and this herb increases an appetite that is reduced by an excess of choleric humour in the stomach. This is how it is given: three ounces of the juice of this herb and an ounce of white sugar, mixed well together, and to give a full spoon of it to drink fasting.


 4. **Abrotanum**, **camphorata**; i.e. the two Latin names of the **southernwood**, and, according to Platearius, this herb is hot in the


---

p.450



second and dry in the first degree. Boiled in water, it will help in stricture of the chest and with the cough that comes from cold matter. Item, pound it, boil it in wine, give it as a drink, and it will provoke the urine and menstruation. Item, boil this herb in wine, and it will serve very well against pain of the kidneys and the guts called ilon and **colon**, and against coldness of the nerves, as a drink and as a poultice. Item, this herb is appropriate against every poison, external and internal. Item, pound the same herb, rub it in water, and give it before the paroxysm of **quotidian** or **quartan fever**, and it will cure them. Item, make an ointment of this herb and of pig lard and olive oil, rub it to the joints of the back, and it will prevent the paroxysm of the fevers we have mentioned. Item, pound the same herb, rub it in cow's milk, and drink it fasting, and it will kill every worm that occurs in horses and oxen. Item, pound this herb, mix it with pig lard, and put it as a poultice on the thorn that is in the hand or the foot, and it will draw the thorn to itself. Item, boil this herb in wine, pound finely and put pig lard through it, and it will certainly help with **sciatica**. And Platearius says to boil this herb and give it to drink, and it will expel the dead foetus and provoke menstruation. Item, it will help with ulcers of the womb and of the vulva, it will greatly relieve **stranguria** and every pain that occurs in the womb, and as for the putrid humours that multiply there, to consume this herb in the proper manner will expel them. Item, make powder of this herb, and put it along with old oil on the baldness, and it will produce hair without delay. Item, pound this herb and extract the juice from it, dip a new linen cloth in that juice and put it on the pulses, and it will help in the


---

p.451



rigor of intermittent fever. Item, put a poultice of this herb on the member in which there is blood between flesh and skin from a contusion, and it will help with it.


 5. **Acalife**, **urtica**: i.e. the two names of the **nettle**, and this herb is dry in the third degree and hot in the fourth; and **Avicenna** says that this herb is to be praised against coldness of the lung, and against a chronic cough which a person has for a long time; and it is appropriate against swelling and pain of the abdomen to boil nettle seed in honey, to strain it through a cloth, and to give a spoonful of it to drink fasting. And it will also serve to pound the herb itself, to rub it in wine, and to give it to take as a drink. Item, pound the same herb, extract the juice from it, and put that juice in the dirty, suppurating, wounds, or in the bite of a mad dog, or in an ulcer, and it will cure. Item, pound this herb finely with salt, and put it as a poultice on the mumps, and it will help them; and this herb has a drying and cleansing virtue, and the virtue of producing new tissue in wounds; and this herb serves against hardness and swelling of the spleen, if it be applied as a poultice. And Gilbertinus says to pound this herb finely, to mix it with vinegar, and apply it as a poultice to the joints, and it will help with **podagra** and **arthritis** that come from coldness. Pound the seed of this herb, boil it in the drink known as **mulsa**, and it will provoke menstraution and the urine powerfully. According to **Avicenna**, **mulsa** consists of eight parts of white wine, a ninth part of pure spring water, and a tenth part of clean honey: mix them, boil them together, and strain them, and that is the drink known as **mulsa**, according to


---

p.452



Avicenna. Item, it is good to boil this herb in wine and to keep this wine for a long time in the mouth, and this is good for the elongation and swelling of the **uvula**. Platearius says to boil this herb in wine, and to give it against the **jaundice**, and it will cure, and it is also appropriate against **colic**; and this herb will provoke the libido if it be taken in the appropriate manner. Platearius says that this herb when pounded prevents the flux of blood from wounds, and it is appropriate for the cure of pleurisy, and to clean the chest and the womb of every exudation that occurs in them.


6. **Arasca**, **elleborus albus**: i.e. the two names of the **white hellebore**; and it is hot and dry in the third degree. **Avicenna** says that it is amongst the remedies that purge violently above and below; it does great harm if the matter be not digested first; it has the characteristic that it converts the wet areas to windiness very quickly; it is used in compound medicines and in laxative **syrups**; it is given with the juice of wheat or with a **tisane of barley** to soften the humours; it does less harm when cooked than when taken cold. It does less harm when it is compounded in a medicine than when it is given on its own; Hippocrates says in the Liber Aphorismorum that if it is desired to give this medicine, *the patient* should not rest afterwards, but should move the body immediately afterwards; the reason for this is i.e. from resting after this medicine, the wetness is converted into windiness, and this windiness travels to the heart so that *the patient* weakens and sometimes dies. This medicine purges the viscous phlegmatic humour principally, and the choleric humour secondarily, so that, therefore, this medicine is appropriate


---

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for every illness that comes from cold viscous humours, such as**apoplexy**, **epilepsy**, **sciatica**, **podagra**, **arthritis**, **colic**, **ileus**, and the like. Note that there are two species of hellebore, i.e. **white hellebore** and **black hellebore**, and their virtue is the same, except that the **black hellebore** purges better below, and the **white hellebore** purges better above; it purges the unnatural melancholic humour principally, and that is why it is appropriate for quartana patients and for people suffering from mania, melancholy, **vertigo**, **scotomia**, and every illness that comes from the melancholic humour; this medicine should not be given in greater quantity than one dragma, Platearius says to give the powder of the **white hellebore** in the nose, and this will provoke the sneezing which is a source of relief in **epilepsy**. Item, take the powder of the **white hellebore** and shake it on the head after washing, and it will help with a scabby head.




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**Albagia**, **portulaca**, **pes pulli**: i.e. the three names of the **coltsfoot**; it is cold and wet in the third degree; its efficacy is great when it is fresh, and small when it is withered; its power is to bring the members gently to coldness and wetness, so that, therefore, it is appropriate in food for those with choleric fevers, it serves well for people who have excessive heat internally, and it also serves against constipation of the abdomen in the acute illnesses if it be boiled with sloes and taken, both plant and sloes, after they have been boiled; this plant is appropriate against a cracked lip, and if it be pounded it will abate imposthumes at the initial stages appropriately. Note, too, according to Platearius, that when this plant is dried it provokes the urine, and when it is fresh it provokes faecal evacuation.


8. **Acedula**, **oxilapacium**, **rumei**: i.e. the three names of the **sorrel**; the doctors say that this herb is cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; it serves well against **erysipelas** if it be pounded with earthworms through it and it be applied as a poultice. Item, pound the same herb with apple juice through it and apply it to a wound which has festered and it will cure it. Item, pound the same herb with the white of an egg through it and it will help with swelling and inflammation of the eyes. Item, pound the same herb finely and apply it as a poultice to the member that has been burnt or scalded by fire or water and it will cure it. Item, mix the juice of this herb with the flour of barley grains and it will cure the **podagra** and **arthritis** that come from hotness. Item, mix the juice of the same


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herb with **oil of roses** and apply it as a poultice to the head and it will cure the pain if that comes from hotness. Item, boil the same herb with red wine and take it and it will cure the flux of the abdomen (diarrhoea). Item, to put the same herb in the female genitals or to drink its juice will cure the flux of menstruation. Item, **Macer** says to give the same herb against **worms** of the abdomen and it will kill them promptly. The same man says to take this herb against the vice and poison and evil of women and against every poison. He also says that it comforts and preserves the sight if it be taken antslí(?) and he says too that this herb serves against the harm and poison of bees and wasps and of mad dogs and against poison itself. Item, **Macer** says to put one drop of the juice of the same herb in the ear and it will help with all deafnesses.


9. **Accetum**, **oxiren**, **oxiriun**: i.e. the three names of **vinegar**; the doctors say that it is cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; it has attenuating, penetrating, dissolving and glutinous virtues; the doctors say to boil red rose and the apples of the foliage of oak in vinegar and it will help with every vomiting and flux; boil mint in vinegar and put it on the opening of the stomach and it will stop the vomiting; boil gromwell in the same way and apply it as a poultice to the kidneys and it will stop the flux of the urine. Item, boil the rhizome of the royal fern and the root of meadowsweet in vinegar and apply it as a poultice to the **navel** and it will stop the flux of the abdomen (diarrhoea); take note, according to **Avicenna**, that if the seed of leek be put in strong wine for twenty four hours it will become vinegar. Item, boil the bark of oak in


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vinegar until a third or a half of it is gone, dip wool in that juice, apply it to the **navel** and it will stop the flux of the abdomen. Item, he says to mix vinegar with sugar to make an acid syrup and give it against tertiana and the **quotidian fever** that is caused by the sweet phlegmatic humour or by the salt*y* phlegmatic humour, and against every acute illness, and give it with warm water. Item, to make a simple **oximel** of vinegar i.e. two parts of vinegar and one part of honey, boil until it be of the thickness of honey, and it will serve to digest every cold matter. Compound **oximel** i.e. take the root of fennel, celery and parsley, pound them and leave them to rest for a day and a night in vinegar, and the following day boil them and strain them, put one third of cleaned honey into it, and that **oximel** will serve to digest every cold matter; take note, according to **Avicenna**, if vinegar be given after a meal, it acts as a laxative on the abdomen, and if it be taken before *the meal* it will have a drying effect. Item, take vinegar and pour it on a loaf or other hot bread, give it to take, and it will serve to comfort the digestion after illness; Platearius says to rub vinegar to the veins or arteries called the pulse, and it will comfort the heart and help with fainting. Item, rub vinegar and salt to the soles of the feet and it will comfort **lithariga** and phrenesis patients; Platearius says to put the dregs of vinegar on the **navel** or groin of the woman suffering from
the flux of menstruation and it will stop it immediately.


10. **Accride**, **bancia**, **pastinaca**: i.e. the three names of the parsnip; this herb is said to be hot in the middle of the second degree and wet in the beginning of the second degree; Platearius says the herb is


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more appropriate as food than as medicine; thick blood is generated from it; it greatly increases the libido and the sperm; the roots of this herb serve if taken raw by melancholic patients, it brings them into wetness and increases their sexuality; **Macer** says to boil this herb in wine against pain in the stomach, the liver, the spleen and the kidneys; he says also to boil the roots of this herb in milk and it will serve against asthma, dyspnoea and orthopnoea; he says also to apply the root of this herb to the throat of people who have swelling of the testicles and it will help with the swelling and the pain; he says also that whoever has it on his throat will not be harmed by poison. He says also to apply the roots of this herb to the teeth and it will help with the pain; and to give it to women with dead foetuses and it will expel them. Platearius says that this herb increases the digestion and nurtures the body greatly, and he says it serves well for people with **stranguria** and **dysuria**.


11. **Affodillus**, **centum capita**, **aillium agreiste**: i.e. the three names of **ransoms**, the wild garlic; Platearius says that the roots of this are more appropriate for use in medicine than its foliage; it serves better when fresh than when dried and kept; it has the virtue of provoking the urine and cleansing the kidneys; this herb is hot and dry in the second degree; if the juice of this herb be put on the burn or scald of fire or water, it will cure; if this herb be chewed, it will help with disease of the mouth. Item, take the outer skin of the root of **dwarf elder**, and as much again of the outer skin of the root of **elder**, boil them in the juice of this herb, and it will help with the form of dropsy called leucophlegmasia; if its juice be put in an


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eye-lotion, it will help with disease of the eyes. Item, Platearius says that only its flower is appropriate for use in medicine, and it can be preserved for two years in its efficacy and operation; it has a considerable dissolving virtue; the same man says to give the wine or water, in which this herb was boiled, to drink, and it will clear the breathing organs of the viscous phlegmatic humour; he says also that if there be pain or windiness in the stomach or in the intestines from the coldness or oppilation of the spleen and the liver, this being caused by cold matter, this herb should be boiled in wine and given to drink and it will cure. Item, boil the same herb in salt water and give it to drink against **stranguria** and **dysuria**; pound the same herb and make a poultice of it against stomach pains that come from coldness and windiness; to take it serves against the **colic**. Item, boil the same herb in water, make a bath of it, let the steam under the woman, and it will cleanse the womb and provoke menstruation in women.


12. **Agaricus**, **fungus**: i.e. the two names of the agaric; it is hot and dry in the first degree; what agaric is is a bracket fungus of a tree known as **abies** which grows in the territory of India; there are two species of it i.e. a masculine and a feminine. It is the feminine species that better serves for use in medicine, and this is how it is identified i.e. when the feminine species is broken, *it breaks* into smooth fibrous webs, and it is not like that when the masculine species is broken, but it becomes fine fragments; John, Son of Mesue, says that the agaric which is whitest and most easily broken is the best; it purges the phlegmatic humour principally, and the melancholic



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humour secondarily, and for that reason it serves well against terciana when it comes from the yellow and yolky choleric humour; it serves against the quotidian and **quartan fevers** that arise from inflammatory choler; it is also said to serve against **colic** and **ileus**, and against every pain that comes from viscous humours in the body internally. It opens the oppilations of the liver, the spleen, and the kidneys, as John, Son of Mesue says. It is usual to make use of agaric compounded in drinks, plasters, clarets and laxative medicines; sometimes agaric is boiled in wine to intensify the laxative medicines, and one dragma of it is enough to intensify the other medicines. Sometimes we boil it with the skin of the root of bog myrtle and with **violets**, and to take a drink of it before the paroxysm of the quotidian fever, and it will help with that fever immediately. Others give an ounce of it with three ounces of the **juice of fennel** and this will help with the fever we mentioned; mix the powder of it with honey and oil, and apply it as a clyster and it will help with **stranguria** and **dysuria**. Item, take the **burnet saxifrage**, boil it in wine, add the powder of agaric to that wine, and it will help with every disease of the urine and with pain occurring in the penis; John, Son of Mesue, says that its powder draws the broken bones out of wounds, it expels bad tissue, and puts good tissue into them, and it remedies the dry and wet ulcers that become nasty. Item, make a fine powder of it, temper it with juice of dodder and with oil, and apply it with fine cotton to the **anus**, and it will help with haemorrhoids and with all sorts of **piles**. Item, make a fine powder of it, put salt through it, scarify the type of skin disease known as **morphea** at the place where it occurs, shake the powder on it, and it will cure.


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Item, take an ounce of agaric, an ounce and a half of lemon grass, two dragmas of castorium, and half an ounce of senna, pound it finely, make pills of it with the **juice of wormwood** and of fennel, and it will cure the headache that arises from the stomach due to the phlegmatic humour.


13. **Agrimonia**, **argimonia**: i.e. the two names of the **agrimony**; it is a herb which is hot and dry in the third degree; it is said that it serves well in eye-lotions and poultices for the eyes, that it is an aid to the sight, that it drives away exudation from the eyes and every other trouble that affects them, it cuts away the stye from the eye-lashes, it drives away and removes every other semi-blindness that affects them, and prevents pain in them; it helps with wet wounds; it stops the flux of blood from the nose; if it be put under the head of a person who is sleeping, he will not wake until you wish it. If it be pounded with vinegar, it will help with warts.


14. **Agnus castus**: i.e. **tutsan**; it is a hot and dry herb in the fourth degree; the doctors call this herb a tree; agnus castus means a chaste lamb, and the reason it is called this is it causes the reduction of desire; the flower of this herb is best for use in medicine; it should be collected in the Spring, and it preserves its virtue for a year; if a bed be made of its foliage, and a person lie on it with no clothes between them, he will be as chaste as a lamb; make a wet fomentation of the foliage of this herb on the female or male genitalia and the desire and libido will be suppressed thereby. Pound this herb, rub between the palms of the hands in water, strain


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it thereafter, boil a little **castorium** in this juice, and this will prevent every **conception** if it be drunk. Make a poultice of the foliage of this herb and it will prevent the illness known as gonorrhoea. Note that it contains a remedy which prevents the erection of the penis, and a remedy which renders the sperm gross and thick, and another remedy which dissolves and consumes the wetness; these are the remedies which render the sperm gross: the seed of lettuce, flea-bane, citrul, melon, pumpkin, cucumber, **coltsfoot(?)**, prickly lettuce, vinegar, sumac, and camphor; these are the remedies which dry the sperm, and reduce the spirits, that is **rue**, tutsan, mullein, **calamint**, ***cumin*** and dill, and the like, because these are consuming and dissolving, preventing the windiness which is the cause of the erection of the penis. Item, take the **juice of fennel** and the juice of tutsan, boil in it three ounces of petty spurge, strain, and give to drink to dropsy patients, and it will help with every dropsy. Item, take tutsan and clary, boil them in water, make a wet fomentation of them to the testicles and the vagina, and it will dry the superfluity of the vagina and will narrow the orifice of the vagina so as to bring on menstruation violently, and compress it, as we have said. Item, take tutsan, celery, and **sage**, boil them in salt water, shave the head, and rub it to the back of the head, and it will help with the disease known as **lithariga**.


15. **Alacon**, **politricum**, **capillus ueniris**: i.e. the three names of the **maidenhair spleenwort**; it is cold and dry and intemperate; it has an opening and diuretic virtue; it serves well against oppilation of the liver and spleen, and against excessive heat of the same organs; boil


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the same herb in water, give it in a drink, or make a poultice of it and put it on the surface over the liver, and it will help with its excessive heat and its hardness. Platearius says that its efficacy is great when it is fresh and little when it is old and dried; boil this herb well in water, mix sugar with it, and give it as a drink, and it will help with the oppilation and excessive heat of the liver and spleen; pound this herb, put oil through it, and put it on the head, and the hair will grow; boil this herb in wine and it will help with every magic spell and other poison. Take note that the **maidenhair spleenwort** should not be given when the matter is thin and digested, but when it is gross and undigested, and so it is forbidden to give it in **causon** and tertian fever and the like.


16. **Alapin**, **cepa mairina**, **scilla**: i.e. the three names of the **Spanish onion**; it is hot and dry in the second degree; it has dissolving, diuretic and cleaning virtues, and it has a killing virtue when it grows wild by itself, but it has the virtue of assisting the health when it is planted artificially in gardens. Some other people call it **cepa marina**, i.e. the **sea onion**; when it is put in medicines, it should be divided i.e. reject the outer part because it has the killing virtue, but apply the inner part for use in medicine and in the **oximel called scilletorum**, this **oximel** serves well to digest the matter in quotidian and **quartan fevers**, **ileus** and **arthritis**; boil the true onion in wine and oil, apply it to the surface over the liver and spleen, and it will help with their hardness and pain. Item, put squill for 15 days in wine and oil, boil it, afterwards put **wax** through it, make an ointment of it, and apply it to the surface over


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the liver and spleen, and it will cure their hardness and pain; boil it in vinegar and it will do the same thing. Note that the outer coats of it are too hot and intemperate, but the inner coats are temperate between hotness and coldness.


17. **Alapsa**, **galla**, **pomum quersuus**: i.e. an apple that grows on the leaves of the oak; it is cold in the second degree and dry in the third degree; they are good when they are heavy and gross, without holes in them; there is another species of them which is obtained in Asia and Africa, a small species without holes in them; they both have a constricting and tanning virtue; Platearius says to make powder of them, to mix it with vinegar and the white of egg, and to put it on the **navel** and the kidneys, and it will help with the flux of the abdomen and with the flux of urine of the kidneys. Boil it in rain water, make a fomentation of it on the **anus**, and it will help with dysentry and haemorrhoids. Pound it and boil it in a **tisane of barley**, make a clyster of it, and it will help with **stranguria**. Item, boil the same thing in vinegar and sea water, put bracket fungus in it when it is boiling, put it on the orifice of the stomach, and it will help with every vomiting that comes from weakness of the virtue. Item, the same man says to pound it, boil it in rain water, and apply it on cotton as a pessary in the vagina, and it will help with the women's blood flux; otherwise, boil it in the **juice of plantain**, and apply it as we have said, and it will do the same thing. Item, make powder of them, mix it with the juice of shepherd's purse, squeeze it through a cloth into the nose, and it will cure the blood flux of the nose. Item, make powder of it, put white of egg through it, and apply


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it as a poultice to the temples, and it will help with the blood flux of the nose. Item, make powder of it, and put it in the wounds, and it will heal the wounds well. Item, if you should wish to make the hair black, take the oak gall that does not have holes in it, and is heavy and complete, boil them in oil until they swell up or become gross in the oil, dry them then in linen cloths, make a fine powder of them with the skin or leaves of the **walnut**, mix this powder with rain water, boil them together, and then wash the hair or the beard with it, and it will then be black; wash the hair afterwards in warm water lest the skin be spoiled.




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18. **Albedarug**, **colubrina**, **basilicon**: i.e. the three names of the columbine; it is hot and dry in the third degree; everybody who carries it or who rubs it on himself, snakes or mad dogs will not harm him; boil this herb and apply it as a poultice to the imposthumes and it will break them. Item, the juice of the same herb, or the herb itself when pounded, if put on a wound which is cankerous, will heal it; the juice of the root of this herb is good for the darkness and dimness of the sight; if the flower of the same herb be put in the nose of a pregnant woman, she will abort. Item, boil the same herb in wine, particularly its roots, and it will provoke menstruation; if it be boiled in butter like oil, it will help with the cold cough and with the illness called **haemoptysis** i.e. spitting of blood. Item, it is good for cleaning wounds, together with the powder of alum, if a poultice be made of it. Item, it is good for cleaning the face, if a poultice be made of it together with vinegar and it be put on it. Item, pound the roots of the same herb, and put water of alum through it, and it will help with chilblains.


19. **Alagsandrum**, **masedonica**, **petrusidinum**: i.e. the three names of the **alexanders**; this herb is hot and dry at the end of the second degree; this herb is called the parsley of Alexander; it has the same complexion as the garden parsley, and it has a diuretic virtue. The seed of this herb serves well for medicine; it has a dissolving and consuming virtue, and also the virtue of attenuating the gross humours; the stomach is comforted by it, and the appetite is increased; it breaks up the urinary stone and provokes menstruation;


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it greatly relieves people with dropsy; it serves well for oppilation of the liver and spleen when it comes from cold matter; it cleans the chest and the lungs of gross phlegmatic matter. Pound the herb itself and make a poultice of it on the head and it will help with a scabby head and morphew; pound it and insert it in the vulva and it will provoke menstruation, the afterbirth and the abortion. It serves well for those with intermittent quotidian fever; if the seed of this herb be taken regularly, it will attenuate the gross humours, open the pores of the body, and drive out the bad effects of the injurious humours, it will provoke the urine and sweating, and will expel the wind of the **colic**, as Isaac says.


**Albeston**, **calx uiua**: i.e. two names that there are for quicklime; the lime is "quick" when it has not been wetted; principally, it purges the viscous phlegmatic humour; it kills all fleas and insects if it be shaken on a bed; it should not be given on its own as a purgative without another medicine with it; it helps with all **proud flesh** that occurs in wounds; it kill **worms** wherever they occur in the body.


21. **Altea**, **malbua**, **bismalua**: i.e. the three names of the mallow; it is said that this herb is hot in the first degree and wet in the second degree; this herb is appropriate for helping with wounds and for the growth of their tissue. It is also appropriate in clysters for people with **tenesmus**; this herb is powerful for injuries to the members, and for swellings wherever they occur. Item, boil the roots of this herb, pound them, and put pig lard through them, and they will help with


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every swelling and the pain from poison, and, if the gum called terebinth be put through it, it will help in the same way with every swelling and poison. Item, boil this herb and put the juice in the vagina and it will clean it of its exudation and relieve it of pain. Platearius says to make a poultice of this herb against the pain and dryness of the nerves. Boil this herb with its roots and it will help with every pain of the members as a fomentation and as a poultice. It is good for dysentery if boiled in wine or in ale, it relieves rumbling of the abdomen likewise, and it is good for excessive male libido, **Avicenna** says that porridge made from this herb greatly reduces the pain of the urinary stone if drunken. Boil mallow in wine or in milk and it will release the bind of blood that occurs in women's abdomen after pregnancy. Item, pound this herb, boil it in oil and in vinegar, and it will remove pimples from the face and will clean it of its exudations and lumps. This herb is good for the dry wounds, if it be pounded and mixed with honey. Item, pound this herb and boil it in oil, and it will help with the bite of a mad dog and with every burn of fire or water, as Isaac says. Make a poultice of this herb, put pig lard through it, and it will help with the hardness of the spleen and the liver, as Platearius says; it is appropriate to boil the seed of this herb in milk, and it will relieve consumptive people, as Platearius says.


22. **Aloe**, **epaticum**, **cicotrinum**: 
i.e. the three names of the aloes. It is the juice of a herb, and is hot and dry in the second degree. It is not very laxative. The two best sorts of it are cicotrinum and epaticum. They are best when of the colour of liver, dark and easily


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broken, and not having a bad taste or a bad smell. They purge the phlegmatic humour and the gross humours from the stomach and the intestines. They have the virtue of cleansing the brain, of comforting the nerves, and of preventing fumosity. They should not be given when the weather is too hot or too cold. They should not be given to those who have a flux of the haemorrhoids; if they be so given, anise and **mastix** and gum Arabic should be mixed with it. They serve well to prevent tears of the eyes. If their powder be put in the wounds, the tissue will grow.


23. **Alphur**, **flos fraxini**: i.e. the flower of the ash; it is hot and dry in the third degree; if the bark and seed of this tree be boiled in water, and the person who has flux after purging be put in the water up to his **navel**, and if the bracket fungus that grows on the ash be boiled in rain water and drunk, it will help with every flux; if it be boiled in vinegar with the bark of the same tree, and a linen cloth be dipped in it and put on the stomach, it will cure its pain; if the root bark of this tree be boiled in wine until one third has boiled off, it will relieve people with illness of the spleen and it will purge the melancholic humour.


24. **Allusal**, **cepa**: i.e. the two names of the garden onion; it is hot and wet in the third degree; it comforts and soothes the stomach and the digestion, it increases the appetite, and it drives away the foulness of the teeth and of the breath. It should be pounded and mixed with honey or with vinegar and put on the bite of a mad dog for three days, and changed on the third day lest the poison should return


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again. Item, take the juice of onion and **mother's milk**, mix them together, and put them in the ear, and it will help with every pain of the ear. Item, again, pound the onion, mix it with cold water, and give it to drink to the person who has lost his voice, and it will quickly help him. Item, put the juice of an onion, warm, in the nose, and it will cleanse the brain of gross phlegmatic humours. Item, take the juice of an onion and the fat of a hen, boil them together, and they will help with peeling and chapping of the feet. Item, pound an onion, boil it in vinegar, and rub it on the place where there are warts, and it will quickly help them. Understand, if you wish to know whether the patient will recover, take an onion, cook it under the ashes, and put it under his nose; if he is to recover, he will rub his nose, and, if not, he will not perceive the heat or the smell of the onion. Item, chop the onions along with **asafetida**, and, if they be put on red coals and the smoke allowed to the vagina, they will help with the women's illnesses known as hysteria and displacement of the uterus. Item, the use of onions provokes acute menstruation in women; if it be put through honey, it will help with mistiness of the eyes.


25. **Alumen**, **stipteria**, **sucarium**: i.e. the three names of alum; it is said to be hot and dry in the fourth degree; it has a consuming and drying virtue; if a bath be made with alum and salt for the person with dropsy, it. will help with the dropsy. Item, if earthworms and alum be powdered together and put on a place that is ulcerating, it will help it. Item, powder it and put it on the wounds in which there is **proud flesh** and it will help with it; it cures bleary eyes, and if water of alum be put on the bleary eyes it will shrink and dry them.


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Item, cook honey and vinegar and boil them until they are as thick as honey, put powdered alum through them then, keep a mouthful of it in the mouth, and it will consolidate the teeth and harden the gums; there are three sorts of alum, round, clear (?), and fractured, and it is the fractured sort that we use; it is obtained in very hot countries. Item, Platearius says that if the water of alum be put in the opening of a festering sore it will help it. Item, take sulphur and alum, an equal amount of both, boil them in vinegar, and it will help with any scabby head; the doctors say that alum is the mordant for every colour.


26. **Ambra**, **spearma ceti**: i.e. the foetus of the whale; it serves well. It is appropriate against **epilepsy**; take the heart-bone of the deer, make small pieces of it, put **ambra** through it, put it in a glass vessel on red coals, let its smell to the mouth and nose of the person with **epilepsy**, and it will certainly help; it has the comforting virtue, according to Platearius, and for that reason it is appropriate for people with heart-burn and syncope i.e. take *ambra*, **lignum aloes**, and the heart-bone of deer, equal amounts of each, mix them with the **juice of rue**, make pills of them, to be taken after meals, and they will serve well against **epilepsy** and the illnesses we spoke of.


27. **Ambrosiana**, **eupatorium**, **lilifagus**: i.e. the three names of the **wood sage**; it is hot in the first degree and dry in the second degree; this herb is called the wood sage; its virtue is great when it is fresh, and small when it is dry; it serves well against quartan and quotidian fever, against universal or particular paralysis, against


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the dropsy called **ascites**, and against the **jaundice** that comes from oppilation of the liver; this is how it is given, boil this herb in the juice of wild celery, put honey and vinegar through it, give it as a **syrup**, and it will help with hardness of the spleen. The advantages of the herb include the provocation of menstruation, and it cleans the urinary passages and the channels of the kidneys of their sand. Item, give the juice of this herb and the kernels of cherries to drink, and it will kill all the **worms** that occur in a person's body.


28. **Anabulla**, **titimaillus**: i.e. spurge; according to the doctors, it is a herb that is hot and dry in the third degree; this herb should be gathered on the days called the dog days; having been pounded, it should be mixed with honey, boiled until it be of the thickness of honey, and kept in a clean box; the laxatives are sharpened by it; it purges the salty phlegmatic humour and corrupt quotidian fever; this medicine should not be given except to people who have gross intestines and a stout body, because if the intestines be slight, there would be danger of dysentery coming; this herb is good when cooked but bad when raw.


29. **Amedum**, **amillum**: i.e. a medicine that is made from the juice of wheat; Platearius says that this medicine is moderately hot and wet, but other doctors say that this medicine is moderately cold and dry; this is how it is made: take clean wheat or gross clean barley, put it in cold water for a day and a night, do not change the water until the grain softens, pound it, squeeze it through cloth, and dry it by the sun or by the fire until it becomes a powder; if a pottage be made of


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it, it is good for drying the excessive wetness that occurs internally in the body. Item, if starch be mixed with sarcocolla, i.e. a gum, and they be well mixed together, put on a linen cloth and put on the surface of the eyes, it will help with their wetness and redness. Item, if a pottage be made of it and white sugar be put in it, it will clean the chest and the lungs and internal abscess in the body, hence it serves well for coughs and for the fine liquid humours that come from the brain; if it be made of barley and mixed with milk of almonds, it serves well against consumption and hectic fever and abscess of the lungs. We say that this medicine should not be used too much by people who are at risk of stone in the kidneys or bladder; this medicine serves well against the humours that fall to the eyes and against abscess of the eyelashes.


30. **Ancula alba**, **scabiosa**: it is hot and dry in the second degree; pound this herb and cook it in pig lard or in oil and it will help with the scabby head; if the juice of this herb be rubbed on a rash, it will help with it. Item, if four dragmas of the juice of this herb be drunk, it will help with the skin disease called alopecia. Item, boil this herb and garlic mustard in wine, put it hot on the **anus** and it will cure the illness called haemorrhoids; if it be put as a poultice on the same place, it will help with external **piles** of the **anus**; the same poultice will also help against boils of the **anus** and **tenesmus**; and against cold **rheum** in old people if it be boiled in wine and given to drink. Make a poultice of this herb with white of egg through it, and it will help with the boils known as **anthrax**. Platearius says to put the juice of this herb in the ear against


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deafness, and it will help with the deafness. **Macer** says to make a poultice of this herb and of unsalted butter, and it will help with pain in the sides and in the kidneys; if the same herb be boiled in honey it will help with the dry cough. If a spoonful of the juice of this herb be given to drink, it will help with the women's evil, and with every poison that a person takes; pound it with pig lard through it and it will bring boils to a head, as Averroes says.


31. **Aillium**:
i.e. garlic; it is hot and dry in the middle of the fourth degree, according to Platearius; if raw garlic be put on the wounds caused by a mad dog, it will help them. Pound the garlic, cook it in milk, and drink it in small mouthfulls, and it will help illness of the lungs that comes from coldness; it is appropriate against the cold dropsy and disease of the kidneys, and headache, that come from coldness. If the garlic be powdered finely with lard of goose through it, and a small quantity of the juice be put warm in the ear, it will help with earache that comes from coldness. If garlic be boiled in fresh butter, it will help with asthma and illness of the chest that comes from coldness. If a poultice of garlic and pig lard be put on the **anus**, it will help with **tenesmus** and pain of the **anus**, and the same poultice is appropriate against every swelling that comes from coldness. Take garlic fasting in the times of the corrupt air; it serves well to put garlic on a painful tooth, and it will help with the pain if it comes from coldness. The constant use of garlic dries the intestines and the stomach, and gives rise to skin ailments, mania and phrenitis, it weakens the sight and is greatly injurious to


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choleric people, though it is appropriate for phlegmatic people and for people with illnesses of coldness, because it has the virtue of dissolving and consuming the wet humours; it expels every poison, and is called by the old people "the poor man's theriac". Item, take salt, honey, kernels of hazel nuts, and garlic, in equal amounts, mix them, and put a poultice of this on the bite of a mad dog; it will help with it, and the poison will not revive afterwards; if the same compound be put in wounds, it will save them from every badness, and from festering and ulcerating. If garlic be pounded cold and rubbed on a scabby head, or on a rash or on morphew, it will clean them. If powder of garlic be burnt and put in dirty unbeatable wounds, it will heal them; if garlic be pounded and taken regularly, it will help with roughness of the voice which breaks from coldness. Item, take garlic, pepper, parsley, masterwort, juice of mint, and vinegar, mix them together, consume them, and they will help with **worms**, and they will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen, and serve against **stranguria** and **dysuria**. Cloves of garlic, cleaned and placed in the vagina, provoke menstruation, as **Constantine** says; or, if the garlic be boiled in water, and the woman immersed in it up to her **navel**, it will provoke menstruation. If garlic be taken fasting, water will not harm you that day. If it be taken before going to sea, sea-sickness will not harm you that day. If it be boiled in wine and drunken, it will help with **jaundice**, as **Macer** says. If taken like that, it will soften the hardness of the abdomen. Plague or poison will not harm you the day you take it fasting.




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32. **Acantum**, **semen urtice**: i.e. seed of nettle, and **Macer** says to pound the seed of nettle, boil it in oil, and rub it on the pulses, and it will bring on sweating. If the hair be falling out, rub the juice of this herb on the head after it has been shaven, and this will prevent the falling out of the hair. The same man says that, if this herb be rubbed on the rear of the animals, they will come well in heat.


33. **Anetam**: i.e. a herb; it is hot in the second degree, but other people say it is dry in the third degree; it cleans the stones of the bladder and kidneys, and eventually breaks them; it preserves its efficacy for three years, though it is better when fresh; it has the dissolving and diuretic virtues, and also the virtue of provoking menstruation gently; put figs in the juice of this herb for a day and a night, boil them in wine the following day, and give it to drink to the person with a chest ailment or a cough, and it will help him; powder the seed of this herb and nettle seed, shake this powder on the place where there are haemorrhoids, and it will help it; this herb serves well to assist with pain in the abdomen, to bring on sleep, to bring gross boils to maturity, and to expel the phlegmatic humour from the internal organs. It cures the hiccup that comes from fulness if it be boiled in lard or oil, and it helps with cramp that comes from fulness; it should be dried and made into powder and sprinkled on
ulcers and wounds.




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34. **Antera**, **flos rose**: i.e. the flower of the rose; it is cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; make a plaster of it and put it on **erysipelas** and it will help with it; the same plaster will help with the boiling and heat of the entrance of the stomach; if rose be boiled in water and pounded, and white of egg put through it, and it be placed as a plaster on the eyes, it will help with the heat and redness of the eyes; if it be boiled in wine it will prevent the flux of the abdomen (diarrhoea) and of menstruation. The water of rose will serve against every excessive heat. **Rhases** says to make a plaster of fresh rose, and it will help with every swelling that comes either naturally or accidentally. Note that, according to Platearius, when it is taken dried it has the constricting virtue, and when taken fresh it has the laxative virtue, and the virtue of purging the choleric humour, especially when it is mixed with **rhubarb**. Platearius says that of this is made rose honey, rose water, rose sugar, and rose **syrup**. These manufactures serve well against the hot illnesses, and against headache and pain of the temples, like rose oil, and it serves against hectic fever and fainting, against flux of the abdomen, and against the vomiting caused by the choleric humour; the brain and the heart are comforted by these manufactures; they serve against the wetness of the **uvula**, and to expel the **quartan fever**. **Macer** says to
make powder of the red rose and put it in the ulcers, and it will clean them of their exudation; if the same flower be put on a burn of fire or water with white of egg, the burn will not go bad.


35. **Anisum**, **ciminum dulse**: i.e. anise; it is hot and dry in the third degree; it is consuming, dissolving and diuretic; it serves well


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against the wind and cold eructation of the stomach, and against every pain of the intestines that comes from coldness; [it serves well] against deafness, i.e. boil the anise in juice of leek or onion and put one drop of it in the ear and it will cure the deafness and pain; when a woman takes it regularly, it increases the milk of the breast, and in the case of a man, it increases the sperm in his testicles. Item, against the bad colour that comes on the skin from a blow or a fall, put the anise through melted wax, and put the **wax** on it warm, and it will help it. Item, Platearius says to boil this herb with other diuretic herbs and it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen.


36. **Apum domisdicum**: i.e. the garden celery; this herb is said to be hot and dry in the third degree. Platearius says that its seed is better for medicine than the herb itself; it serves well as a plaster for the eyes together with the flour of white bread with the juice of this herb through it, and it serves likewise for a woman's breast. Item, take the leaves of this herb, and rub them on the back of the head of the person who has **lithariga**, and put the juice of it in the same person's nose, and it will relieve him. Item, against the swelling and pain of the entrance to the stomach, boil the roots of celery in white wine, drink it, and it will cure it; if celery be put by itself on a wound, it will not go bad afterwards. Item, if the seed of this herb be boiled in vinegar, it will prevent vomiting that comes from the cold matter of the phlegmatic humour. Item, **Rhases** says people who have a bad appearance after illness, if raw celery be given to them to eat, they will revert to their own appearance again.


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Item, pound the same herb, rub it in water, and it will help with quotidian fever; the same man says if the juice of celery and of fennel, the same amount of both juices, be taken, and given to drink to the person who has dropsy, it will cure him. Item, take the juice of celery and starch and white of egg and honey, mix them and put them in the wounds, and it will clean them and make them better. Note that there are several kinds of celery, **apium ranarum** or the celery of the frogs, **apium risus** or the celery of laughter, and this relieves the spleen, as it expels the melancholic humour from it, and this is the cause of laughter, and **apium haemorrhoidarum**, which is suitable for **piles**. Platearius says that pregnant women should not make a practice of eating celery, because it causes the membranes that surround the foetus to slip and move, so causing miscarriage; if they eat it, putrid abscesses occur on the babies. A nursing woman should avoid eating it or touching it, in case the baby should become epileptic, because in babyhood there is much wetness, little heat, weakness of virtue, and closing of pores, and these are the causes that prepare a person for **epilepsy**.


37. **Auripimentum**, **arsenicum**: i.e. the names of orpiment; it is hot and dry in the fourth degree; it has the dissolving, attractive and cleaning virtues; it is appropriate against children' s coughing, if a scruple of powder of orpiment be put through milk or a raw egg, it will help with it; against asthma and a hard cough, it is good to put powder of orpiment on red coals and to allow the smoke of it into their mouths, and it will comfort it. Item, take a drachma of orpiment and twice as much soap, mix them together, and rub them to


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the place where there is morphew and rash, and it will cure it. Item, take powder of orpiment and olive oil and mix them together and put them on flaking fingernails and it will cure it.


 38. **Arracia**, **attriplex**: i.e. **common orache**; it is hot in the first degree and wet in the second; it serves well against the dryness of the intestines that comes from inflammatory choleric humour; if a pottage be made with it to be taken fasting, i.e. mutton soup, it will loosen the bowels gently. Item, take common orache, mercury (the plant), mallow, borage, and **violet**, boil them in fresh butter, put anise in it, give in wine or in hot ale, drink it before going to bed, and it will help with a cough, and will loosen the bowels. Item, take the same herb, roots of **stinking iris**, **maidenhair spleenwort**, **hart's tongue fern**, the lower part of carrot, **burnet saxifrage**, and gromwell, boil them in wine, strain them, put clean honey through it, and drink it in the morning and before going to bed, and it will help with exudations of the kidneys and of the bladder. Item, if the same herb be moistened with vinegar and put as a plaster on the joints, it will help with diseases of the joints such as **arthritis**, **podagra**, and the likes.


39. **Arigentum uium**: i.e. (mineral) mercury; it is hot and wet in the fourth degree; it has the penetrating, incising and dissolving virtues; it can be preserved in its efficacy for a long time, if it be in a closed vessel and in a cold place. It is said to serve well against animalcules and nits and every exudation that occurs in the hair, if meal of beans be put through it and it be boiled in vinegar


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like porridge, and when it is cooled, put the mercury in it, about half an ounce of it, mix it well, rub it in the hair, and it will preserve it from every harm that may follow. Clearly, the fumes of mercury do great harm to everybody that it comes in contact with, because it softens the nerves and prepares them for paralysis; when it gets into the ear or the mouth, it kills the person immediately; should it happen to get into the mouth, give him goat's milk in large quantities, do not let him rest from jumping and moving about, boil hyssop and absinth for him in ale or in wine, and let him drink it, and if this is not done he will promptly die. If the face be disfigured from salt*y* phlegmatic humour or from the illness known as **serpigo**, i.e. **ringworm**, take the roots of curled dock, pound them finely, put unsalted butter and pig lard through it, mix in a little mercury, and rub it to the ringworm or the exudation, and it will cure it. Roots of hemlock or roots of **stavesacre** will serve instead of the curled dock, and if a woolen thread be drawn through the medicine and tied on the hair, it will kill the animalcules and nits as we have said. Note that it has five virtues i.e. the dissolving virtue, the virtue of penetrating the dense gross parts, the virtue of consuming wetness, the virtue of cleaning exudation, and the virtue of expelling superfluities. This is how the vehemence of mercury is extinguished, i.e. with a person's saliva and ashes. Item, if mercury be mixed with oil, vinegar, and white lead, and put on a scabby head, it will help with the skin disease and with every exudation, and will serve with many other things.




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40. **Asufetida**: i.e. the gum of a tree; it is hot and dry in the third degree; the more foul it is the greater is its value and the nobler it is; it has the dissolving and maturing virtues; it serves well against illness of the chest that comes from cold matter. Platearius says that asafoetida serves well with **syrup** of **violets** against asthma, dyspnoea, quartana, hardness of the spleen, **arthritis**, paralysis, **epilepsy**, coldness of the brain in general, and every other cold illness.


41. **Aroistoloia longa**, **ar*oistolola* rotunda**: i.e. the round birthwort and the long birthwort; it is hot in the second degree and dry in the first degree; if it be pounded and given in water, it will help with every poison; if it be pounded and rubbed in wine or ale, it will provoke the afterbirth for the women; if it be cooked in honey and strained through a linen cloth, and a spoonful of it drunk every day, it is good for every cold illness; if it be pounded and pig lard be put through it, it will withdraw every implement or thorn powerfully; if it be pounded and honey put through it, it will clean and heal the wounds; if it be rubbed in wine and drunk, it will help with spasms, and it will also help with rumbling of the abdomen, gout of the hand,
podagra and **arthritis** that comes from cold matter. Pound it and rub it in water and give it before the paroxysm in quotidian and **quartan fever**. If the birthwort be pounded and powder be made of it and that powder be sprinkled on a fire, it will drive the devils out of the house in which it is sprinkled. Item, pound the roots of this herb and put it in the holes of the ulcer and it will help with it; drink the same herb in water or in another drink and it will prevent the 


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hiccup. Note that the long birthwort serves in place of the round birthwort; Platearius says that the round birthwort is better for medicinal purposes than the long birthwort; it retains its efficacy for three years; for medicinal purposes, its roots should be gathered
in the month of October and kept for the same time, and they will serve for medicinal purposes for three years. The same man says of every root that serves for medicinal purposes, that it is at its best for medicinal purposes when the leaves have fallen, and in the case foliage that is gathered and which serves for medicinal purposes, it is best gathered for that purpose when it is in flower. This herb has three virtues, the antidotary virtue, the dissolving virtue and the consuming virtue. If it be desired to expel a dead foetus, cook this herb in wine and oil, and apply it as a plaster to the right thigh of the woman, close to the groin, and it will soon relieve her. The powder of the same herb will cut the **proud flesh** out of the wounds and the ulcers. If the powder of the same herb and pepper be cooked in soup, it will help with pain of the abdomen. If the powder of the same herb be put in hot water, it will prevent the shivering in intermittent fever.


42. **Artamesia**, **mater herbarum**: i.e. **mugwort**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; if it be boiled in milk, wine, or ale it will provoke menstruation and clean the vagina; if it be rubbed cold in wine or ale it will do the same; if it be pounded and applied as a plaster on the **navel**, it will provoke menstruation; if it be pounded and rubbed in water or wine and given to a woman who is in labour, she will soon bring forth her baby; if the same herb be tied on her thigh near to


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the genitals, she will bring forth the baby, and the baby should be taken from her soon thereafter for fear of her drawing out her womb; this herb serves well against the bite of a mad dog, and against poisonous drinks; if the same herb be pounded and put in fresh ale, it will serve for the purposes we have stated; if the same herb be pounded and put through pig lard and applied to the feet after walking, it will help with their pain and stiffness; if the same herb be pounded and put on a red-hot stone and the smoke of it be allowed under the person with **tenesmus**, it will help him; it is good to put the same herb as a plaster on scabs and it will help them; Platearius says that it is this herb when fresh and its foliage which are best for medicinal purposes; it retains its efficacy in everything we said for a year; it prevents the sterility that comes from wetness of the womb, and it increases the sterility which comes from its dryness. Item, boil the same herb and the foliage of (spurge) laurel in water, and allow the steam of it to the vagina, and it will provoke menstruation. Item, pound the same herb and dead nettle and apply them as a plaster to swollen glands, and it will help. Item, pound the same herb and boil it in wine, and it will help with headache and *migraine*; Platearius says that this herb is appropriate for imposthumes of the chest such as pneumonia and pleurisy, and the same herb and juice of houseleek serve for repercussion of the matter in every abscess.




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43. **Athanasia**, **tanesetum**: i.e. **tansy**; it is hot and dry, but the degree is not available from the authorities; "Athanasia" means a thing that prevents death and preserves life, because it does not allow death near to people who use it; it serves especially for women who have excessive flux of blood. As for every excessively thin choleric flux that comes from thinness of the blood, or from opening of the pores, this herb is good as a plaster or in drinks to prevent it. It serves against contamination of the blood, and against the illness known as malignant tumour; this herb is particularly effective in the month of May; it is powerful for many diseases; this herb serves well against flux of the abdomen such as diarrhoea, **lienteria** and dysentery. Item, if this herb be pounded and white of egg put through it, and it be put on the temples, it will help with a flux of blood from the nose. Item, if this herb be dried and powder made of it, and powder of ginger be put through it, and powders of anise, galangal rhizome, cinnamon, and mint, and these powders be put in a pottage or soup, it will serve well to make smooth the process of digestion.


44. **Athasar**, **polem regale**: i.e. **penny royal**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; this herb serves well against poison, especially when one consumes herbs which have a poisonous virtue, such as hemlock water dropwort, dock (**Rumex crispus**), or hemlock, and the herbs that kill; it serves also for people who get a fall or a bruising or are rendered speechless, if it be taken in a drink. If this herb be pounded and given in vinegar, it will expel the melancholic humour; if


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it be held in the mouth, it will serve against swelling and pain of the **uvula**; if it be boiled in wine or ale it will provoke the urine and menstruation; if it be boiled in the same way, it will comfort the stomach and prevent rumbling and windiness of the intestines. Item, if this herb be held a long time in the mouth, it will help with toothache. Item, if a plaster be made of this herb with flour of wheat, it will help with pain of the nerves; this herb serves well to kill **worms** of the intestines called **lumbrici**.


45. **Auansia**, **gairiofilata**: i.e. the avens; it is hot and dry in the second degree; its foliage is of greater efficacy than its root; it has the dissolving, consuming and opening virtues; a fomentation of this herb provokes menstruation, and the same fomentation serves against the **colic**; it serves against pain of the stomach and wind of the intestines to boil this herb in wine or in ale, and it will comfort the digestion; there are two sorts of this herb, i.e. the wood sort and the water sort; the water sort is the better against flux of the abdomen; the roots of the wood avens serve wherever cloves serve.


46. **Auellana**, **nux parba**: i.e. the hazel nut; it is hot in the first degree, and wet in the second degree; they nourish the body more than **walnuts** do; if they are eaten to excess together with the skin that is on the kernels, windiness is generated in the intestines from them, but if they are cleaned of this outer skin, they serve well against a cough if cooked in honey; if a plaster be made of them and pig lard put through it, the hair will grow; if the same kernels be pounded and put on the bite of a mad dog, it will not do any more harm.




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47. **Auena**: i.e. oats; it has the gentle laxative virtue; it serves well against hot swellings; it softens hard matter; it is appropriate as a plaster on poisoned wounds.


48. **Auricula muris**: i.e. the **mouse-ear hawkweed**; **Avicenna** says to pound this herb and put it on the thorn which it is desired to extract from an organ, and it will draw it powerfully. If a head-purge be made of it, it will cleanse the brain of its contamination. If it be given to epileptics, it will relieve them greatly.


49. **Aurum**: i.e. gold; it is because it is so temperate that it has not been allotted a degree as compared with other metals; it serves well for the heart to wear it and to see it; cadmia, i.e. the spume of gold, is the same; gold serves well against **elephantiasis**; it comforts the stomach, and fainting and heartburn, if given twice a week; if gold itself, or its spume, be rubbed in, it is good in food or in drink; it helps with skin disease; if ground gold be made into powder and put on the eyes, it will dissolve their cataracts and their exudations. Gold has a number of different powers, i.e. for one thing it increases and comforts the spirits, it soothes the digestion, by its own power it constrains every flux, it is good against coldness and hotness, it expels every superfluity that weakens one's nature, and it cleans out the contaminated humours.


50. **Balanon**, **glans**: i.e. **acorns**; they are cold and dry in the second degree; they have the drying and constraining virtues; if powder be made of the acorns, and it be put in the wounds, it will dry them and


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stop the flow of blood, and clean them of contamination; if the foliage of the same tree be cooked fresh, it will prevent **tenesmus** and **lienteria**. **Rhases** says that it has the ability to provoke the urine, and to dry the abdomen, and the same man says that the cupules of the acorns are better for the purposes mentioned than the acorns themselves; they give rise to vapours and headaches when they are eaten, and windiness in the intestines is caused by them.

1. Of acorns
2. of gum of a tree
3. of great plantain
4. of roseroot
5. of bugle
6. of houseleek
7. of burdock
8. of bear's breech
9. of beet
10. of mullein
11. of Armenian earth
12. of borax
13. of shepherd's purse
14. of betony
15. of water mint
16. of burnet saxifrage
17. of narrow-leaved water parsnip
18. of butter.





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51. **Balsamum**: i.e. it is the gum of a tree that grows in **Babylon**; it is hot and dry in the second degree; it serves well people with paralysis, and those with the other cold illnesses as well; if it be held in the mouth, it will warm the brain; of all aromatics, it smells best; the balsamum is good if it be pure and with a sub-yellow colour; if it be put in water, and if it be pure, the water will not be dirtied, but if the water be dirty, the contrary will be the case.


52. **Barba filicana**, **plantago maigheor**: i.e. **plantain**; it is cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; to clean and heal wounds, it is good to pound this herb and to put honey through it; if a pottage be made of this herb in a rich mutton soup or in milk, it will help with flux of the abdomen. Item, pound this herb and put it in milk, and it will help with the spitting of blood and with the coughing that comes from hotness. Item, if a plaster of this herb be put on a wound, it will stop its bleeding. If the same herb be pounded and put through the white of egg, it will help powerfully with a burn. If this herb be pounded and wool be dipped in it and it be put on the bite of a mad dog, it will help with it. Item, if plantain be pounded and its juice drunk fasting, it will cure **epilepsy**. If the juice of the same herb be held in the mouth, it will help with disease of the mouth. If the juice of this herb be put on **erysipelas**, it will flee before it. Item, if a linen cloth be put in the juice of this herb, and it be put on the surface over the liver, it will help with its swelling and pain. Item, against toothache, swelling of the gums, and their heating, if this herb be chewed, it will cure it. Item, to stop menstruation, dip some waxed wool in the juice of the herb, and


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put it in the vagina. Against pain of the bladder, dip this herb in water, and it will help. Item, if this herb be placed on the baby's throat, the baby will not be affected with swollen glands. Item, if three roots of it be put in water against tertian fever, and four in the case of **quartan fever**, before the paroxysm, it will cure them promptly. Item, against every swelling that comes from hotness, pound this herb, and put pig lard through it, and it will cure it. If this herb be pounded in water and given to the woman from whom the afterbirth has not been expelled, the expulsion will occur soon. Item, if the same herb be dipped in vinegar and rubbed on the feet after walking or labouring, it will cure them.


53. **Barba sina**: i.e. **roseroot**; it is cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; it has the styptic virtue; if its foliage be dried and powder made of it, and it be put in old wounds, it will help them; it is said that its flower is more powerful than the herb itself; this herb serves well against pulmonary tuberculosis; its roots have the cleansing virtue, and its tops have the styptic virtue; it comforts the stomach and does not allow the other humours to descend to it. **Avicenna** says that there is no better medicine than this in the case of ulcers of the intestines; and that it stops excessive flux in women if it be drunk in water or in wine, or if it be applied as a plaster to the **navel**.


54. **Barba siluana**:
i.e. **bugle**, hot in the first degree and wet in the second; if this herb be pounded and given to women who suffer from the choleric humour, it will help, and it will expel excess of choleric


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humour. Item, when melancholic humours increase in the stomach so that uncontrollable hiccup is produced by them, dip this herb in wine or water, and it will stop the hiccup forthwith. Item, if this herb be dipped in wine and it be given to drink to a person whose memory fails, it will cure him. Item, **Avicenna** says to dip this herb in wine or in ale for the person with ulcers, and to do this for eleven days, and it will cure him; if it be given to the woman with a false **conception**, it will release it promptly thereafter.


55. **Barba Iouis**, **semperuiua**: 
  

i.e. the **houseleek**; it is cold in the fourth degree and dry in the second; it serves well against **erysipelas**, against spreading ulcers, in the case of swelling of the eyes caused by hotness, and against every burn of fire or water. Item, **Avicenna** says to mix the juice of this herb with ground barley or rye, and to put it on the joints, and it will help with the **arthritis** that comes from hotness. Item, if a pottage be made of the juice of this herb, the **juice of plantain**, cow's milk, and fine wheaten flour, it will help promptly with flux of the abdomen; the juice of this herb will help with excessive menstruation, if it be put in the vagina on wool.


56. **Bardana** *no* **lapa**: i.e. **burdock**; **Avicenna** says that the root of this herb serves well against poison and kills snakes, and he says also, whoever rubs the juice of this herb on himself, that neither a bee nor a snake will sting or bite him on that day. Item, if the juice of this herb be held in the mouth, it will consolidate the teeth. Item, if the root of this herb be eaten, it will stop the


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spitting of blood. If the roots of this be boiled in wine it will help with dysentery. If the roots of this herb be boiled in wine, it will help with urinary stones. If this herb, bottom and top, be pounded and pig lard put through it, it will break and ripen boils, as **Avicenna** says.


57. **Branca ursina**: i.e. **the bear's breech**; cold and dry; **Avicenna** says that if this herb be pounded with pig lard through it, it will ripen boils. If this herb be pounded and boiled in lard or in oil, and left so for eleven days, and strained through a linen cloth thereafter, and **wax** be put in it, and ointment made of it, and it be rubbed to the nerves and to the joints, it will help with the shaking and hardness of the nerves. If this herb be pounded with goat's milk and meal of linseed and juice of chickweed, and it be put as a plaster on the breasts, it will help them. Item, if the juice of the herb and **mother's milk** be mixed together, with juice of red fennel and flour of **barley meal**, and it be put as a compress on the forehead and above the eyes, it will stop the heat and pain of the eyes, and will bring on sleep.


58. **Beta** & **pleta**, **cicula**: i.e. the three names of **beet**; it is hot and wet in the first degree; it is a common herb, according to **Avicenna**. Item, if the juice of this herb be put in the nostrils, it will clean the brain of its contamination. If the juice of the herb be put warm in the ear, it will help with earache. Item, if the juice of this herb be put on the hair and on the beard, it will clean them of their insects and nits, and preserve the hair from falling out. Item, if


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the juice of this herb be mixed with honey, equal amounts of each, and it be put on the burn caused by fire or water, it will promptly cure it; the use of this herb gives rise to bad humours. Item, take beet, borage, foliage of **sage**, hyssop, mint, parsley, and foliage of avens, equal amounts of each, boil them in water, put in washed husks of oats, boil them, add salt, and this is effective for problems of the chest, and to augment the digestion.


 59. **Bilonia**, **molena**: **mullein**; it serves well against the discharge of the haemorrhoids; it is cold and dry; when it is fresh, its efficacy is great, but when it is dried, its efficacy is slight; it has the constraining and consuming virtues. If this herb itself be put on a red-hot stone, and put hot in the **rectum**, it will help with the swellings of the **piles**, but it should be re-heated and changed frequently; if this herb be pounded and put in a stream, it does not flow with the stream, and, for this reason, it is certainly appropriate in every case of discharge.


60. **Bolus Armenicus**: i.e. the earth of the mountains of Armenia; it is cold and dry in the second degree; it has the constraining and binding virtues, so that it stops every flux. If the powder of it, and the powder of plantain be mixed together, and put on wounds, it will cure them; it is good if it be red and easily broken; **Avicenna** says, if the flux be in the head, it should be given to eat in the mouth, and if it be in the stomach or the intestines, it should be given as a clyster.




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61. **Borax**: i.e. the gum of a tree; it is hot and dry in the fourth degree; it has the dissolving, attractive, consuming, uniting and consolidating virtues, and it is with it that tradesmen firm the other metals together; it is good when it is bright and hard. Item, if borax, white of hen-egg, honey and rose water be mixed together, they will clean the face of its exudations and its blemishes. Item, mix a scrupulum of water and three scrupula of borax and rub them to the face, and it will be clear in colour.


62. **Bursa pastoris**: i.e. **shepherd's purse**; cold and dry in the second degree; it is powerful against a flux of blood, and against every flux; it is good in ointments for haemorrhage of a vein; a flux of blood will not harm the woman who keeps it at her throat. If put in the bath, it is good against **jaundice**. If it be put at the throat of sheep, wolves will not see them. If the same herb be made into a powder, and put in the wounds, **proud flesh** will not develop in them, and it will dry them. The flower of this herb and the flower of **violet** and the flower of **violet** (!) and sugar should be pounded together and given to eat to those who spit blood, that is **haemoptysis**, and such like.




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63. **Bitonica**: i.e. **betony**; hot in the third degree and dry in the fourth degree. If given in wine to those with urinary stones, it will break the stones, and it will provoke the urine in the same way; it is good against dropsy, if it be dipped in wine or ale. Item, if powder be made of this herb and mixed with honey that has been purified by skimming, it is good against a cold cough. Item, the powder of this herb, if given in wine, will help with stomach pains, though, if the pains come from a fever, it should be given in water. Item, if the powder of this herb be given in the drink called **mulsa**, it will ease the abdomen gently of its dryness. Item, if it be pounded, and salt be put through it, and it be put in recent wounds, they will do no more harm. Item, if the foliage of this herb be boiled in water, and if unsalted butter be put through it, and it be applied as a plaster to the eyes, it will stop their pain. Item, if it be dipped in water and drunk, it will help with watering of the eyes. Item, if **betony** and **rue** be dipped in water, it will clarify the sight. Item, if four ounces of the foliage of **betony** and twenty eight grains of black pepper be given to those having disease of the kidneys, it will help them if it be put on the teeth. Item, if, likewise, a plaster be made of it, it will help with oppilation of the liver and spleen. Item, if the foliage of plantain and two ounces of the foliage of **betony** be drunk before the paroxysm in a case of quotidian fever, it will stop the fever. Item, against the disease known as displacement of the uterus, pound this herb and give it in wine or in water; and it will help with haemorrhoids. Item, if it be drunk in water or in wine,


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it will provoke menstruation, and it will help powerfully with **jaundice**.


64. **Balsamita**: i.e. **water mint**; hot in the second and dry in the third degree. If this herb be pounded and boiled in its own juice, it will help with headache; the same plaster put on the stomach will help with its windiness and its pain. Item, if the same plaster be put on the **navel**, it will help with the **colic** and **ileus**. Item, if the same plaster be put on the **anus**, it will cure the swellings of the **piles**; this herb has the diuretic virtue. Item, every herb that has the diuretic virtue also has the virtue of opening the pores.


65. **Burneta**: i.e. **burnet saxifrage**; it is cold and dry; it greatly relieves the veins from their pain and from their poison, and from the poison of the vein of the forehead; take camomile, foliage of **betony**, foliage of germander, asparagus, red fennel, foliage of oak, and flower of red rose, pound these things, boil them in fresh butter and a little of the pith of rose, press them through a cloth, and put them in a covered vessel; if they are rubbed to the forehead and the temples, they will stop the headache and bring on sleep. Item, a handful of this herb, roots of plantain, snakeroot, and take a handful of **maidenhair spleenwort**, and **hart's tongue fern**, boil these herbs in rain-water, strain them, mix this juice with milk, boil it with bread, and, if it be given to drink going to bed and getting up, it will help with the flux of dysentery. Item, cut the same herb with a knife, mix through it the foliage of mint, **wormwood**, **calamint** and the seed of


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fennel, boil them in wine or in ale, and put them in a box; if they be put hot on the diaphragm they will give great comfort.


66. **Bibolica *vel* biliria**: i.e. the **narrow-leaved water parsnip**; it has the diuretic virtue and it provokes the urine and menstruation; it serves against illness of the chest. Item, the narrow-leaved water parsnip, fresh **maidenhair spleenwort**, balm, small scabious, flower of **violet** and of water lily, the strawberry plant, the heads and flower of thistle, and ox-eye daisy, equal amounts of each, boil them in the butter of May-time, strain through a linen cloth, put in the powder of sugar, liquorice and anise, and drink it in mead or in ale or in a sweet drink, and it will open up the chest and help with the cough. Item, pound the same herb with marsh mallow and ox-eye daisy, boil them in the drink known as **mulsa**, give it warm to drink, and it will help with the hard cough. Item, the juice of this herb, seed of **burnet**, seed of alexanders, seed of **pignut** and of anise, seed of fennel, foreign burnet, and this herb, make a fine powder of them, and take it in wine or in ale; it is powerful against **stranguria** and **dysuria**. Item, pound this herb, and the roots of hemlock and the roots of marsh mallow, pound them and put lard through them; if it be put on the joints, it will help with the swelling and pain of the joints.


67. **Butirum**: i.e. butter; it is hot and wet in the first degree; it has the maturing, dissolving, and softening virtues; it has the virtue of reducing pain; the body is increased and fattened; it is powerful for wounds of the nerves; it cleans wounds. Item, if it be rubbed to


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the gums of infants, it will cause their teeth to grow; it serves well against a cold cough; it serves well against pneumonia and pleurisy, because it matures them; it readily provokes saliva, and prevents the spitting of blood.
1. Of **calamint**
2. of pignut
3. of dwarf elder
4. of hound's tongue
5. of ashes
6. of pyrenean valerian
7. of seed of the spurge laurel
8. of white poppy
9. of hart's horn
10. of gromwell
11. of garden cabbage
12. of celandine
13. of centaury
14. of chervil
15. of lead
16. of wall pennywort
17. of horehound[166](javascript:footNote('G600005/note166.html'))
18. of cinnamon
19. of sulphur
20. of colophony
21. of colocynth
22. of comfrey


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25. of ox-eye daisy
26. of daisy
27. of seed of hemlock
28. of red coral
29. of melilot
30. of coriander
31. of knotgrass
32. of saffron
33. of cubebs
34. of seed of spurge
35. of gourd
36. of dodder.



68. **Calamentum** (*vel* c*ala*mentum maighis): i.e. **calamint**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; there are two sorts of it, a big sort and a small sort; the big sort is **nepeta**, and the small sort is ordinary **calamint**. If **calamint** be boiled in wine or in **mulsa**, it will provoke sweating. Item, if **calamint** be boiled in oil and rubbed on the pulses and on the body before the paroxysm of quotidian fever, it will help, and will stop the fever. Item, if this herb be pounded and put on the hollow behind the knee, it will help with the pain of the back, and the cold pangs that are there, and will drive off the viscous humours from the joints of the back. Item, if this herb be pounded and boiled in wine or in ale, it will provoke menstruation. Item, if it be boiled in water, and the vulva washed with it, it will do the same.


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Item, if **calamint** be boiled in wine or in ale, and drunk by a person who has been wounded by a mad dog or by a wild dog or a poisonous serpent, it will cure it. Item, if this herb be pounded and dipped in water, it will expel **worms** from the abdomen. Item, if the same herb, that is the juice of it, be put in the ears, it will kill the **worms** that occur in them; pregnant women should not have anything to do with this herb, because it provokes abortion. Item, if this herb be pounded or boiled in wine, it will help with asthma, tightness of the chest, oppilation of the liver and the spleen, hiccup, and pain in the stomach.


69. **Ciclamin**, **malum *terre***: i.e. the **pignut**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; it has the attractive, consuming and dissolving virtues. Item, if **pignut** be pounded and pig lard be put through it, and it be put on hard boils, it will mature them. Item, if the root of this herb be dried in the sun, and made into powder, and put in the wounds, it will clean them of their **proud flesh**. The right time to gather this herb is the last week in the month of August, and its efficacy will last for two years.


70. **Cameactis**, **ebulus**: i.e. the **dwarf elder**; it is hot and dry in the second degree; it has the same virtues and operations as the **sambucus** (elder) except that the **sambucus** has a greater laxative virtue; it has the attractive virtue, and the virtue of expelling the viscous humours; this herb has the virtue of purging above and below; it should not be given except when the matter has been digested and when the body has been prepared for purging and for undertaking a flux;


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similarly, that is how every emetic should be *administered*, when the matter has first been digested. This herb serves well against tercian fever and the yolky cholera; this herb is good against oppilation of the lever and spleen, **colic**, **arthritis**, white leg, and **podagra**; this is how it should be administered i.e. half an eggshell full of the juice of this herb, with the same amount of white wine, will relax and purge the matter we have referred to. Item, the roots of this herb should be boiled in water and modified with **oximel** and with a laxative **syrup**. If the juice of this herb and the same amount of honey be boiled together and given as a purge, it will serve well. Item, if a bath be made with the tops of this herb, and the steam of it be allowed under a person suffering from cold dropsy, it will be good for him. Item, a fomentation of the foliage of this herb against every swelling or a fall or a blow, and it will drive away pains, dissolve swelling, and strengthen the nerves. Item, the juice of this herb, powder of petty spurge, and sugar, if they be mixed together and given as a purge, it will serve well. Item, make a powder of the root of this herb, with **juice of fennel**, juice of celery, and sugar, and give it as a purge. Item, a fomentation of this herb is good against swelling of the feet and hands, and for dropsy patients. Item, boil this herb in its own juice and make a plaster of it for **podagra**, chiragra and **arthritis**.


71. **Cinoglosa**: i.e. **hound's tongue**; it is hot and dry; it has the virtue of comforting the heart; it serves well against disease of the spleen; its root has the ability to stop vomitting; it serves well against the disease known as nausea and for gastric spasm; the tops of


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the herb provoke vomitting. Item, take seed of horse-radish and tops of hound's tongue, pound them, rub them in warm whey, and they will provoke *vomiting*. Item, to make a drink to comfort the heart i.e. take roots of hound's tongue, root of nettle, root of **burnet** and mint, the base of the stem of avens, agrimony, **sage**, and **calamint**, pound them, put them in wine or in ale, and, if it be taken as a drink, it will comfort the heart. Item, take the tops of this herb and bark of the ash-tree, boil them in wine, and put as a plaster on the spleen, and it will comfort it.


72. **Cinis omnis**: i.e. all ashes; according to **Avicenna**, it has the drying and cleansing virtues, and he also says that the ash of styptic trees have the ability to stop bleeding, especially the ash of the ash-tree and of the oak; he also says that all ashes of human hair have the ability to cause the hair and down to grow, if it be mixed with oil and put on the head after it has been shaved; it warms the head and stops it sweating. Item, take the polypody fern of the oak, make ashes of it together with the wood of the twining stems of the ivy, and if these ashes be put into a bath of ash-tree and the head washed in it, it will stop migraine and give a good colour to the hair.


73. **Citonalens**: i.e. **setwall**; it is hot in the third and dry in the second *degree*; there are two sorts of it i.e. the garden sort and the wild sort, and the wild sort is the wild valerian; its taste is styptic; it serves well against sterility and diseases of women. The garden setwall has the virtue of comforting the appetite; it comforts



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the brain; it stops windiness; it comforts people suffering from fainting; this herb is good in plasters and drinks for people suffering from malignant tumours. If the root of this herb be applied to a painful tooth, it will stop the pain. If a water be made of this herb as is done in the case of rose-water, and it be sprinkled on the face and head of the fever patient, it will stop the headache. Item, if a powder be made of this herb, that is, of its roots, and it be mixed with the powder of cinnamon and of galingale, and given in potages, it will strengthen the virtue of appetite, and stop windiness of the stomach and of the intestines.


74. **Conconidum**: i.e. the seed of the spurge laurel; it is hot and dry in the fourth degree; the branch, bark and seed of this herb are suitable for medical use; it has the ability to purge the phlegmatic humour and the viscous humours from the peripheral members, such as the joints, and especially to purge unnatural choleric humour such as the lemon-coloured and the yoke-coloured choleras; and secondarily, to purge the melancholic humour, and this herb is therefore suitable to be given to people with **sciatica**, **podagra**,**apoplexy**, paralysis, **epilepsy**, and such-like other cold phlegmatic diseases; this herb is put into oxymel, because it should not be given on its own, because, on account of the great acuteness of this herb, it is prone to injure the intestines; it should be given with **gum arabic** and **mastix**, and with things that comfort the heart, such as **saffron**, cinnamon, or calamus, because whenever anything purges violently, there is weakness of the heart afterwards. This should not be given to people who cannot be easily put to stool, or to people with narrow intestines and


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the like; it serves for people who have quotidian or tertian fever. Item, if this herb be boiled in olive oil and rubbed on the **anus**, it will stop tenesmon. Item, if the same herb be rubbed on the back, the kidneys and the testicles, it will stop **dysuria** and **stranguria**. Item, if the same herb be put in the ears, it will stop deafness. If the same herb be rubbed on the **anus**, it will serve against the **piles**.




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75. **Codion**: i.e. the **white poppy**; it is hot and wet in the third degree; this is what the medicine known as **opium** is made from, and this is how it is made: there are globes that grow on the top of this herb, and they should be gathered in the month of July, pounded in a mortar, pressed through a linen cloth, and put in the sun; when they are dry, they should be preserved; if they be rubbed on the face and forehead, they will provoke sleep. There are two sorts of this herb, i.e. the white poppy and the black poppy; the black poppy has a red flower, and it is what the oil that serves in many illnesses is made from, and especially for headache; this is the poppy that is called **pobol righ**, and it is cold and dry in the fourth degree; an oil is made from it as we have said, and if this be rubbed on the head after it has been shaved, it will provoke sleep. There is also a sort of this herb which has a yellow flower; it is good to dip the seed of this sort in water and it will provoke sleep, and whichever of these sorts is boiled in water will provoke sleep, unless death is near to *the patient*. If poppy be boiled in wine or in ale, it will stop the flux of menstruation; the seed of this herb should not be given in quantity greater than the equivalent of a half-penny. If the foliage of this herb be pounded and put as a plaster on **erysipelas**, it will cure it. Item, take the foliage of this herb, boil it in water, and put it hot on the throat, and it will help with the roughness of voice, from whatever cause it may come. Item, if the juice of this herb be rubbed on the joints, it will help with the **podagra** that comes from hotness; Platearius says to pound the white poppy, put white of egg or woman's milk through it, and put it as a plaster on the


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forehead, and it. will help with headache, and will provoke sleep.
Item, the seed of this herb, or its foliage, should be mixed with **oil of roses**, and put to abate hot boils, and used against excessive heat of the liver. Item, the same man says that, if the poppy be mixed with white wine and rubbed on the joints of the back, it will help with dryness of the members, and with their thinness, as is seen in the case of patients with hectic fever. Item, if the electuary known as **diapapaver**, i.e. the electuary of the white poppy, and juice of liquorice, **gum arabic**, and **tragacanth**, be mixed together, they will serve well against the hectic fever and dryness of the members, as is seen in the case of peripneumonia and in the consuming fevers.


76. **Cornu serui**: i.e. the horn of the deer; it is cold and dry. If it be burned and powder made of it and it be put on the flesh of the teeth, it will make them firm and it will help with their pain. If it be taken in a powdered mix in which there is powder of anise and of liquorice, it will *prohibit* the descent of the humours to the eyes; it is good against the disease known as **haemoptysis**, i.e. the spitting of blood; it is good for people who are deaf.


77. **Cauda purcina**: i.e., **gromwell**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; its efficacy remains in its seed for ten years; its seed, and the herb itself, have the diuretic virtue, and they serve well against **dysuria** and **stranguria**, and to break the urinary stone. If it be boiled in wine, it will help with **ileus** and **colic**. Item, *take* seed of caraway and of **pignut**, anise, **burnet**, gromwell, and alexanders, and water parsnip, equal amounts of each, and three drachmae of grains of


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paradise, mix them, and take them as is appropriate. Item, take foliage of gromwell, foliage of tutsan, and seed of **burnet**, pound them, and mix them with pig lard, and apply them to the kidneys, and it will help with the pain that occurs there.


78. **Caulis ortentis**: i.e. the **garden cabbage**; it is cold and dry in the first degree; there are two sorts of it, a big sort and a small sort, and the best sort is that which has red stalks and small foliage. **Avicenna** says that the foliage of the red cabbage is good for unclean wounds. Item, if a plaster of this foliage be put with pig lard, it will dissolve the hard boils. Platearius says, when this herb is well boiled, it has the constraining virtue, and when it is taken half raw, it has the laxative virtue. Item, **Avicenna** says, if the red cabbage be pounded well with honey, and put in the wounds which are ulcerating, it will clean them, if applied twice every day. Item, take **rue**, red cabbage, **barley meal**, and salt, pound them well and mix them well, and apply it to the joints in which there is **arthritis** and **podagra**, and it will help them. Item, **Ysaac** says, if the urine of people who eat the red cabbage be applied hot to affections of the nerves, it will greatly comfort them. Item, it is said that the use of cabbage half raw serves well for those who have mistiness of the eyes, and for darkness of vision, as **Ysaac** says.
Item, pound cabbage well and put alum and vinegar through it, and rub it on people who have skin disease, and it will stop the skin disease and exudation of the skin. Item, if the same medicine be rubbed on the hair, it will not allow it to fall out. Item, if applied in the same way, together with a bean that has been boiled and pounded


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through it, it will help with and cure the swelling of the testicles. Item, if red cabbage, flax seed, and vinegar, be applied as a plaster to the joints, it will help with **arthritis**. Item, if the roots of red cabbage be burnt, and ashes made of them, and they be drunk in wine, it will help with elongation of the **uvula**. Item, if the foliage of red cabbage and vinegar be put as a plaster over the spleen, it will help with swelling and hardness of the spleen. If the seed *of cabbage* be given to a woman who is aborting, she will bring it forth. If it be given to a woman who is not pregnant, it will provoke menstruation. Item, if red cabbage be boiled in water, it will stop the flux of the abdomen. Item, if ash be made of cabbage, and pig lard be put through it, and it be put on behind the knee, it will help the back of the thigh.


79. **Celedonia**: and it is hot and dry in the fourth degree; take this herb with its flower, extract the juice from it, mix this juice with the same amount of honey through it, boil it in a bronze vessel on a gentle fire, take the froth off it carefully, press it through a linen cloth, and put it in a bronze vessel for safe keeping; if it be put on the eyes, it will sharpen the vision well. Item, if this herb be pounded and put on the teeth in which there is pain, it will help them.


80. **Centauria**: i.e. **centaury**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; it has the attractive and diuretic virtues; it is said to be of two sorts, the big sort and the small sort, and the small sort is the better for medical purposes; the top and the flower are most used for


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medical purposes; it is slightly laxative, and it has the ability to purge the choleric humour from the stomach and the intestines; it opens the oppilation of the liver and spleen; it serves well against the tertian fever that is caused by the choleric humour. Item, a powder can be made of this herb to put in electuaries, clysters, and compound medicines, and at other times this herb is used on its own in wine or ale. It should be collected when in flower; its efficacy lasts for everything we have said; a fomentation of this herb is good for pain of the nerves; if it be given to a pregnant woman, she will bring forth the dead foetus; if it be given to a woman who is not pregnant, it will provoke menstruation. If it be boiled in honey, it will soothe the digestion when taken; it serves well against pain of the bladder and of the kidneys, and against **stranguria**, if it be boiled in wine. Item, if the same herb be boiled well and mixed with wine and butter and put as a plaster over the spleen, it will help with its swelling and pain. When a live worm enters the ear, put the juice of this herb into it, and it will come out. Item, against cataract of the eye, if powder be made of pepper grains, and juice of centaury be put through it, it will loosen the cataract. Item, if it be desired to expel gross phlegmatic humour from the kidneys, and choleric humour, take centaury and dodder in equal amounts, and give it together with the whey of goat's milk twice in the week, and it will purge as we have said, and the same drink will preserve choleric humour in the summer time from becoming feverish. Item, make this **syrup**: roots of fennel, parsley, celery and centaury, boil them in water, strain them well, put sugar or honey through them, and this


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syrup is very powerful against oppilation of the liver, the kidneys, and the spleen.


81. **Cerefolium**: i.e. **chervil**; it is hot and dry, but the degree is not to be found from the doctors. If this herb be pounded and mixed with honey, it will help with canker. Item, if the same herb be boiled in wine and given to the women, it will provoke menstruation. If this herb be pounded and boiled together with pig lard and with wax, and put on the hard boils, it will soften them. If this herb be boiled together with vinegar, it serves well against flux of the abdomen. If this herb be boiled in water and the head be washed in it, it will help with dizziness and **vertigo**. If the same herb be pounded and put, as a plaster on the forehead, it will help with headache.


82. **Cerusa**: i.e. **ceruse**; cold and dry in the second degree; it has the virtue of cleaning the skin; according to Platearius, this is how **ceruse** is made: place sheets of lead at the mouth of an earthen vessel containing strong vinegar, and the scum that comes on the vinegar is called **ceruse**; people who are used to obtaining **ceruse** often develop paralysis,**apoplexy**, **epilepsy**, and **arthritis**, coming from coldness, because lead and vinegar overcome the spirits and the nerves, and they weaken the animal virtue; **ceruse** serves well to develop healthy tissue in wounds, and to eliminate **proud flesh**.


83. **Cotilodion** (*vel* **cimbulairia**, **umbilicius ueniris**):
i.e. **pennywort**; it is cold and wet; it has the softening and repercussive virtues; it serves well against chest troubles. Item, this salve should be made:


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violets, the skin of the climbing stem of ivy, garden hyssop, the tops of water mint, pennywort, foliage of mallow, beet, borage, and the tops of the bilberry plant, pound these herbs and boil them in fresh butter, and let them through a linen cloth, as a salve as appropriate against every illness of the chest.


 84. **Citragha**: i.e. orufont[167](javascript:footNote('G600005/note167.html')): hot and dry in the second degree; the efficacy of this herb is great when it is fresh and small when it is dried; it preserves its efficacy for a year; it has the consuming and dissolving virtues; it is good against oppilation of the liver and the spleen; if it be boiled in wine or ale and the smell of it put to the nose, it will comfort the brain. If the foliage of this herb be put in a little bag and boiled in wine, and placed on the top of the head, it will stop the movement of **rheum** and headache. A bath should be made of this herb from the **navel** down, to provoke menstruation; this herb has the power to work against every cold illness, and, in particular, against illness of the head.


85. **Cinamomum**: i.e. cinnamon; hot in the third degree and dry in the second degree; it retains its efficacy for ten years; it greatly soothes the digestion and comforts the heart. If powder of cinnamon and caraway be put in a potage, it will soothe the digestion; it also makes the breath good, and, if the breath be foul because of the gums,


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the teeth should be washed in warm water, and this powder sprinkled on them, and this will help with their foulness. Cinnamon serves well against heartburn; it has the consuming and cleansing virtues – because of its scent it has the comforting virtue, and because of its glutinous quality it has the consuming virtue. There are two sorts of it, i.e. a thick sort and a thin sort, and the thick sort is best for the flux, and the thin sort for the vomit. A sauce may be made thus: take parsley, vinegar, mint, and pellitory, equal amounts of each, and powder of cinnamon, and mix them as we have said as a sauce. Item, Platearius says to give cinnamon against the cough that comes from wetness and from windiness of the lungs; it serves against the dropsy that is known as tympanitis. **Macer** says to give powder of cinnamon against the wound of the mad dog, to put it into the wound, and it will help with the poison. If powder of cinnamon and water of roses be mixed and put on the eyes, it will help with their pain and inflammation as we have said. If powder of gross cinnamon be drunk in water it will help with haemorrhoidal flux, and Platearius says that when cinnamon is given in a gross purge, it serves as a laxative for
the abdomen, and when it is given in a fine purge, it increases the urine. Item, Platearius says if cinnamon and **barley meal** and juice of mint, be put as a plaster on the stomach and intestines, it will stop their pain. If the same powder be blown into the nose, it will stop the flux of blood from the nose. Item, if dried figs and cinnamon and wine be mixed and put as a plaster on swollen glands, it will help with them; Platearius says that cinnamon expels and prevents anything putrid. The same man says that, if cinnamon be given to a woman in labour, she will give birth to the foetus, and if be given to a woman


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from whom the afterbirth has not been taken, it will be taken forthwith, and if it be given to a woman with a false **conception**, she will be relieved of it.


86. **Ciba pirum**: i.e. **sulphur**; hot and dry in the fourth degree; it is good against asthma when the matter has been digested i.e. give three scruples of it in a soft egg, and administer the fumes of the same substance by the mouth against asthma, and it will serve, but it should not be given to choleric, dry, people who have narrow chests. Item, powder of sulphur may be put in ointments against exudations of the skin. Item, powder of *white* hellebore, leaves of hops, ribwort, great plantain, the lower part of cowslip, and powder of flax seed, pound them and boil them in common oil, put powder of sulphur through them, and rub them on the joints; no other medication is necessary against **podagra** or **arthritis** but that. Item, take powder of sulphur and **oil of walnut** and make as an ointment, and it will help with scabby head and bad blood.


87. **Colafonium**: i.e. **colophony**; hot in the second degree and dry in the third degree; it is best, when it is black outside and clear inside, like a clear-coloured horn; it has the drying and healing virtues; it serves well against dysentery when it is put on a red coal, and the patient takes in the fumes through a stool with a hole in it. The same fumes are good against **tenesmus**; if the same fumes be taken by the mouth, it will help with asthma, and it will expel and dissolve the gross, viscous, glutinous humours that occur in the passages of the lungs. Item, take a dragma of the aforesaid Greek tar


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and a dragma of **mastix**, melt them in an earthenware vessel, strain them through a cloth over cold water, remove it from the water after it has been heated, soften it with the fingers in front of the fire, and this will remove hair from the face if it be applied to it gently; it may be kept on the face for an hour or two; this medicine retains its efficacy for two years for all purposes,.


88. **Colocindida**: 
i.e. a laxative medicine that is hot and dry in the third degree; it is the fruit of a tree, like apples, with an outer skin, its inside like a bracket fungus, and there are grains inside it; **Avicenna** says to boil colocynth in wine and it will help with **epilepsy**; it purges the phlegmatic humour in the first place, and the melancholic humour in the second place; it serves well against the hardness of the liver caused by the phlegmatic humour or the melancholic humour. If the seed of fennel and colocynth be boiled and given to drink, it will greatly comfort the digestion; according to Platearius, it has the killing virtue, especially the colocynth that grows on trees; the colocynth that grows in level places is the best. Platearius says that the flesh and seeds of colocynth are suitable for medicinal purposes; the raw skin is suitable for medicinal purposes because it has the killing virtue; it retains its efficacy for four years; it has the diuretic and sour virtues, as Platearius says; it drives away scabies and every other kind of skin ailment; if it be given as a gargle with vinegar it will help with toothache; if it be given as a purge, it will help with pain, and will kill the **worms**. If **wormwood** and powder of colocynth be put as a plaster on the belly, it will kill the **worms** in the intestines. Item, if the juice of


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pellitory and powder of colocynth be mixed and put in the ear, it will kill **worms** of the ears. Item, powder of colocynth and common oil, if cotton be dipped in it and put on the **anus**, it will help with haemorrhoides.




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89. **Consolida madior**: i.e. comfrey, and it is called **comfrey**; it is cold and dry in the second degree; it has the ability to join and consolidate the bones; take the juice of comfrey, *meadowsweet*, **juice of plantain**, flour of barley, juice of bark of oak, mix them, and put them as a plaster on the broken bones, and it will help them. Item, to make the drink of the broken bones, take roots of dog rose, wood avens, root of madder, roots of the raspberry bush, the strawberry plant, roots of meadow sweet, agrimony, tops of **calamint**, roots of the **long aristolochia**, and the base of the celandine, equal amounts of each, pound them, boil them in wine or water, dilute them with honey or sugar as for a **syrup**, make an ointment of the herbs, mix them into oil of poppy and the ointment known as **marciaton**, and, if it be rubbed on the bone after it has healed, it will stop the pain. Item, make a fomentation of the herbs in [*gap: extent: one word?*] with leaves of pellitory, leaves of
**bullace** and leaves of red rose, and apply as a fomentation to the broken limb as we have said.


90. **Consolida media**: i.e. the ox-eye daisy; it is hot and wet; it has the comforting virtue against the oppilation of the liver and the spleen. Take an egg, the ox-eyed daisy, wood sage, roots of fennel and parsley, tops of mercury, **hart's tongue fern**, **maidenhair spleenwort**, roots of **burnet** and of sea holly, equal amounts of each, boil them in good worts, put honey and yeast into it, and drink it like any drink. **Dioscorides** says that this herb serves well against **phthisis**, hectic fever, and heartburn: take the ox-eye daisy, tops of


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hyssop, melissa, brooklime, lodestone, **coltsfoot**, **violet**, and water betony, equal amounts of each, boil them in a tisan of barley, put. honey and sugar in it, and give it to drink frequently for a day and a night. Item, to make a chest salve, in butter of the month of May put powder of liquorice, anise, cinnamon, and put lard of chicken or of capon in the salve, and drink it in goat's milk, and rub it on the chest and on the flanks.


91. **Consolida minor**: the daisy; it is cold in the second degree and wet in the third degree; it serves well against the hot, acute, illnesses, such as tertian fever, high fever, and the like: take daisy, **violet**, fresh **maidenhair spleenwort**, purslane, endive, prickly lettuce, roots of sorrel, wood sorrel, water betony, **coltsfoot**, plantain, flower of red rose, and water lily, equal amounts of each, pound them and boil in pure spring water, strain well, put a little vinegar and juice of pomegranate into it, and sugar and liquorice, the seventh part of these, keep in a tin vessel, and put the vessel in cold water to keep, and give to drink to the patient as is necessary. Item, take this herb, boil it in a bath made from foliage of oak, rub it on the hair and beard, and this will change the grey colour. Item, **Avicenna** says if this herb be pounded, and the water that lies in a platt of **cow-dung** be put through it, and this be put on warts, it will cure them. Item, take the juice of this herb, and the milk of a woman who has given birth to a daughter, and put one drop of in the nostril, and this will clear the brain. Item, take the juice of the same herb, tops of poppy, foliage of bitter-sweet, pound these, and mix them with


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white of egg, and put as a plaster on poisonous boils at an early stage, and this will repercuss them powerfully.


92. **Conium**: i.e. seeds of hemlock; these seeds are cold and lethal, and if they are given internally, they will kill immediately, if a drink of hot wine be not given immediately afterwards; if this be given, it will help immediately, without doubt; if these seeds be put as a plaster on the breasts, it will stop the milk of the breasts, and will dry them. Item, take the juice of this herb, and boil its own foliage, pounded, in this juice, and make a plaster of it for the **erysipelas**, and for the herpes, and it will help. Item, take the juice of this herb and rub it on the breasts of maidens, and the breasts will not fall, but it will make them slender. If it be rubbed likewise on the testicles, it will curb their desire. If a plaster of this herb when pounded, with pig lard and silver flake, be put on the joints, it will help with disease of the joints. Item, if a plaster of this herb on its own be put on the hot joints, it will help them. Against **arthritis** and **podagra**, if this herb be pounded and kneaded in flour of barley, and put in an oven, and pounded after that, and mixed with vinegar and the juice of this herb, and put as a plaster likewise on the joints, it will help with every gout and **arthritis** that comes from hotness. If this herb be pounded in strong wine, and in the water of hemlock, and put as a plaster on the groin, and on the belly, it will help with **ileus** and **colic**. Item, take this herb, two handfulls, and one handfull of scariola, pound them well, boil them in pig lard as for an ointment, and it will help with a scabby head. Item, take the root of this herb, and boil it under ashes, pound it


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well and put pig lard and flour of wheat through it, and put it on swollen glands, and it will help. Platearius says that the power of this herb is great, in its root and in its full seed and in its individual seeds, and it called ‘herba quae interfecit Socratem’, i.e. the herb that killed Socrates.


93. **Corallus rubius**: .i. red coral i.e. a stone that is cold and dry in the second degree; the redder it is, the more superior it is; there are two sorts of it, a white sort and a red sort; the heavier and the more brilliant it is, the more superior it is; it retains its efficacy for only 40 years; it has the virtue of stopping a flow of blood, and it has the comforting virtue; it serves well against **epilepsy**. **Dioscorides** says that whoever is carrying it, thunder or lightning do not harm him, and, whatever ship he may be in, storms will not do any harm to it; it is good against bad dreams; the devils of the air do not harm the person who has it, and whoever carries it always is not drowned. It is the red coral which the man should have at his throat, and the white coral which the woman should carry at her breast; the powder of coral is good against illnesses of the respiratory organs, such as empyema, and other similar illnesses that are accompanied by bleeding.


94. **Corona regia**: i.e. melilot; it is hot and dry in the first degree; It has the comforting and diuretic virtues. If this herb be boiled with lard, it will stop the wind of the intestines and of the stomach, and it will open the oppilation of the liver and kidneys and bladder; whoever is accustomed to eat this herb, it improves his breathing; it


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Is good as a wash for the eyes; if it is taken with water for 13 days, it will help with **jaundice**. If this herb be drunk for 20 days, it will help with **podagra** and **sciatica**. Platearius says that this herb retains its efficacy for four years, that is in its seed; if the seed be pounded and put in soup or in food, it will make them well flavoured.


95. **Coriandrum**: i.e. a herb that grows in the great world, and this is the name by which its seed is called; this seed is hot and dry in the
second degree; when this seed is put in vinegar and boiled in it for as long as the vinegar lasts, if it be given after meals it will digest the food and comfort the powers of the stomach, and in this recipe it is called **coriandrum infusum**: this seed retains its efficacy for two years; it serves well against swooning and heart burn; its use increases desire and sexual arousement. It is said, too, not to give it in big quantities. Item, if powder be made of it and shaken on meat, it will give it a good taste.


96. **Centinodia**: .i. knot-grass; it is hot and dry; it is good in an ointment for those with violent pains; take knot-grass, celandine, red rose, roots or foliage of fennel, clary, foliage of **rue**, **burnet saxifrage**, and chervil, pound these herbs, and make a water of them as with rose water, and it will clear the eye. Item, to make an ointment, as follows, take seeds of knot-grass, roots of horseradish, tops of **watercress**, autumn crocus, water crowfoot, seeds of nettle, and roots of **burnet**, pound these herbs, boll them in old pig lard, strain, put lard of hen and capon in it, and rub it on the feet in


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which there is **podagra** and swelling of dropsy, and it will help them. Item, to make a fomentation as follows: take foliage of setwall, knotgrass, **lovage**, **mugwort**, and foliage of **elder**, boil them in salt water, and apply as a fomentation to the joints, as is said, and it will help disease of the joints.


97. **Crocus**: i.e. **saffron**; it is hot and dry in the first degree; it has the virtue of comforting the heart and the brain; if it be kept in a clean place, such as a clean white leather satchel, it will retain its efficacy for six years. **Ysaac** says that it both comforts and weakens the stomach. The stomach is comforted by it as follows, when it is taken on an empty stomach, and the stomach is weakened by it when it is taken when the stomach is full. Item, take **saffron** finely pounded and mix with the yolk of an egg, dip cotton in it, put it over the eyes, and it will help with their redness and their pain. Platearius says there are two sorts of **saffron**, the garden sort and the Eastern sort. The garden sort is the **saffron** that is produced in gardens. The Eastern sort is the sort that is obtained otherwise than in gardens; **saffron** that is not quite red is bad, especially when it is of a yellow colour, and the redder it is the better, and the more it is to be recommended for everything that we have mentioned. Item, Platearius says whoever uses too much **saffron** suffers nausea; it should not be given to choleric people because it provokes vomitting in the case of that complexion; it serves well against **stranguria**, **colic** and **ileus**.




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98. **Cubebis**: i.e. a spice; it is hot and dry in the first degree, and is temperate; it is the fruit of a tree that grows in India; it retains its efficacy for ten years; it is good when it has a sharp taste, a strong smell, and sweetness; it serves well for the illness of the heart called syncope, i.e. take four scruples of the powder of **cubebs** and mix them with borage and give it to people with syncope and heartburn, and it will help them. Item, take **cubebs**, make powder of them, and put it to the nose of the person with**apoplexy** and **epilepsy**, and it will help them, and will cleanse the brain of its impurities. Item, take this spice and make a **pigmentum** of it with wine and honey, and it will comfort the stomach and the internal organs.


99. **Catapusia**: i.e. **spurge**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; it has the ability to purge the viscous phlegmatic humour, particularly from the stomach and the intestines; it serves well against **arthritis**, quotidian fever, **colic** and **ileus**; it should not be given on its own lest vomitting be induced violently; it is good when it is white or green, and the darker it is the less good it is for medical purposes.


100. **Cucurbita**: (**gourd**) i.e. a herb that is moderately cold and wet; it grows in hot countries; this name can be applied to the seed of this herb, and a different seed is called **water melon**, which has the same nature as the gourd; these seeds serve well against oppilation of the liver, the spleen, the kidneys, and the bladder, and against apostumes of the chest; it serves well for choleric people to take it in summer; it is good against illness caused by the choleric humour, such as tertian fever and **causon**. Platearius says that the three big


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cold seeds, melons, gourds and water melons, work gently against the choleric humour because of the smoothness of their nature. Note that in a country where these seeds are not to be had, the pips of sweet apples serve instead.


101. **Cuscuta**: i.e. **dodder**; it is hot and dry in the first degree; it is a mild laxative, and so far as it loosens the bowels, it is the phlegmatic humour or the viscous humours that it loosens from the stomach and from the intestines; it serves well for people with dropsy; it serves well against the oppilation of the liver and against **jaundice**; it serves well against the fever called **hemitritaeus**; the worst dodder is the dodder that grows in the company of flax; it has the ability to attenuate the four humours, particularly the phlegmatic humour. It should be collected when in flower; it retains its efficacy for two years as we have said.
1. Of dates
2. of carrot
3. of tragacanth
4. of diagrydium
5. of sowthistle
6. of diuretic herbs
7. of dittany
8. of coperras



102. **Dactulus**: i.e. the fruit of a tree that is hot and wet in the second degree; it serves well against the dry cough; if the stone that


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is in this fruit be pounded and given to those who have discharge from the abdomen, it will help them. If the same stone be put under the ashes and applied to painful teeth, it will powerfully help with the pain, when it comes from coldness; lay people say that those who wear it at the throat will not drown.


103. **Daucus asininus**: .i. carrot; hot and dry in the third degree; its efficacy is great in its seed, its foliage, its root, and its flower; the reason why it is called by this name i.e. **daucus asininus** is that asininus is donkey, and it is the proper food of the donkey. There is another sort of this herb which is called **daucus creticus** and it is from the island called Crete that it is named, that is a Greek island, since it grows only in that island. This herb has the consuming, dissolving and attenuating virtues because of the fineness of its substance, and because of its equal qualities; this herb serves well when boiled with dry figs in wine against asthma and a cold wet cough; when there is trouble in the chest arising from cold matter, and without fever, this herb should be boiled in wine with liquorice and powder of cranesbill, and drunk early in the day and in the evening. Item, take two thirds of wine and one third of water, a handful of **maidenhair spleenwort**, a handful of mercury and of carrot, equal amounts of each herb, pound them, boil them in wine or water as we have said, strain them, and, when honey has been added, drink, and it will open oppilation of the liver and the spleen. Item, take juice of celery, boil carrot, press and clarify as with **syrup**, and it will certainly help with dropsy, and it will open the oppilation and the passages of the liver, the spleen, and the kidneys. Item, take this


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herb, pound it well and make powder of it, put it in a little linen bag, and boil the little bag in wine, apply it to the forehead, and this will stop headache, and, if it be put over the stomach, it will stop its windiness. Item, take the electuary called **Trifera** and powder of this herb, and it will help with dropsy. Give this powder in white wine and it will clean the menstrual flow. Item, take plenty of the tops of this herb, boil it in wine or in oil, and apply it to the kidneys against **stranguria** and **dysuria**, and, if it be put on the **navel**, it will help with **colic** and **ileus**. Take the root of this herb and root of **burnet** and boil them in wine, and it will help with disease of the kidneys and of the bladder. Make a **syrup** of the **juice of fennel** and of the roots of this herb against the dropsy that comes from coldness. Item, take this herb, boil it in wine and oil, and leave to stand for ten days, heat it afterwards until the wine comes to the boil, take it off and put **wax** through it, boil the mixture until it becomes like an ointment, and, if it be rubbed on the cold members, it will warm them for sure.




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104. **Dragantum**: (**tragacanth**) i.e. the gum of a tree that grows in the Holy Land; cold in the second degree and wet in the first degree; there are three sorts of it, the first sort of them is white, and this is the best of them; the second sort is of a sub-red colour; the third of a yellow colour, or of the colour called citrine; it is the white sort that is given in the cold medicines, and the other sorts in the hot medicines. It retains its efficacy for two years; this gum has three virtues: the infrigerating virtue, because of its coldness, the cleansing virtue because of its wetness, and the adhesive virtue because of its gumminess. Item, if this gum be boiled with **gum arabic** in barley water, this tisane is powerful against excessive heat of the chest. Item, take water in which liquorice has been boiled and put this gum in it and this will help with coughs. Item, if **tragacanth** be put in the same water for a day and a night, and a spoonful of it be given to drink, it will help with dryness of the mouth. Item, take rose water and put this gum in it until it dissolves, and put powder of starch in it, strain it through a cloth of good quality, dip a feather in it, and rub it on the thrush-sores of the mouth and the tongue, and it will help them. Item, take **tragacanth** and put it in rose water for a day and a night, and the following morning put soft borax and camphor in it and rub it on the face, and it will clean it and remove the wrinkles. Item, take sedum and extract the juice from it, and put **tragacanth** in it for a night and, if a cloth be dipped in it, and it be put on hot apostumes at an early stage, it will repercuss them. Item, take the same gum, mix it in rain water, and



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boil a chicken in this water, and give it to eat, both meat and broth, and the urinary stone will be broken by it and it will help with disease of the kidneys. Item, Platearius says if **tragacanth** be mixed with the white of egg and put on a burn of fire or water, it will help it.


105. **Diegreidium**:
i.e. the juice of a herb which is like spurge; it is made in the days called the dog days, and it is made as follows: take the leaves and seed of the herb called **diagrydium**, pound them well, press them through a linen cloth, dry them, and this will produce **diagrydium**; the colour of the best is black, or near black, or subwhite; it should not be given in greater quantity than two ounces, or two and a half scruples; it should not be given without **mastix**, or **gum arabic**, or **bdellium**, that is any mollifier of the laxative medicines; it has the ability to purge the choleric humour in the first place, secondarily the phlegmatic humour, and finally the melancholic humour. Platearius says that **diagrydium** should not be given with cold water; it is given with laxative medicines such as laxative **oximels** and laxative electuaries such as **Trifera Saracenica** which purges choleric humour in the first place, or mixed with **Blanca**, by which the phlegmatic humour is purged, or mixed with **Diasenna**, by which the melancholic humour is purged; it retains its efficacy longer when it is mixed with electuaries than when it is mixed with liquids, because it retains its efficacy for two or three years when mixed with electuaries; it should not be given in summer time except with warm water and in the quantities we mentioned above.




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106. **Dens leonis**: i.e. **sowthistle**; hot in the second degree and dry in the third; it serves well; it purges and cleans well the melancholic humour; when the sanguine humour gives trouble in its quality, together with the melancholic humour, take the roots of this herb, and mouse-ear hawkweed, cornflower, roots of tansy, roots of houndstongue, germander, roots of bugloss, and a little **fumiter**, pound these herbs, put them in strong ale with honey, take this drink, and it will clear up the menstrual flow and expel the melancholic humour. Take this herb and the yolk of egg, and juice of ribwort and **meal of barley**, and put it on the apostume called **anthrax**, and it will break it and help it surely. Item, take the same herb, and the lower part of dock, and boil it in a bath of the ash-tree and rub it on the exudation of the skin; it will help with atrophy of the hair, and give it a good colour.


107. **Diureticam**: i.e. every herb that has the virtue of provoking the urine and breaking the stone, such as melons, water melons, cucumber, gourd, seed of fennel and of anise, parsley and alexanders, roots of **burnet**, carrot, **watercress**, seed of bog-myrtle, **bleeding mycena toadstool**, berries of ivy, gromwell; these are the cold diuretics, that is, endive, scariole, chicory, sorrel, liverwort, houseleek, flower of water lily, seed of poppy. The following are the wet diuretics: liquorice, seed of mallow, seed of white poppy, roots of water lily, the four great cold seeds, that is, seed of water melon, melon, gourd, water lily, and the likes. These are the medicines that break the urinary stones: the lower part of foxtail grass, hart's



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tongue fern, **spikenard**, liquorice, knawel, **bruscus** i.e. broom, lady's bedstraw, berries of ivy, and the likes.


108. **Diptannus**, **pulegium martis**: i.e. the two names of **dittany**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; it has the attractive virtue and the attenuating virtue and the dissolving virtue; it serves well in the case of illness of the liver and of the bite of a mad dog. If this herb be pounded and a plaster made of it or its juice drunk, it will help with wounding by a mad dog and with every poison; it serves well to boil this herb in wine against **stranguria** and **dysuria**, and it cures them. Given in wine, it helps with asthma. If the roots of this herb be boiled in the juice of **mugwort** and administered in the vagina as a pessory, it will provoke menstruation and will expel the dead foetus that is in the womb. If this herb be boiled in **juice of rue**, and powder of castorium be put in it, and if it be drunk, it will help with **epilepsy**. If the same herb and cowslip be pounded and put as a plaster on the part of the body which is shaking, it will help. [Platearius] says that this herb is better when it is fresh than when it is dried, and that its efficacy is of greater effect in its root than in its aerial parts, and it retains its efficacy in its root when dried for two years. If the powder of this herb be mixed with juice of mint, it will help with every poison and with every female disorder. Item, take powder of this herb, **juice of wormwood**, and a little white sugar, mix them, and give a spoonful every day and it will help with pain of the stomach and with hysteria. If powder of this herb and juice of mint be kept in the mouth for a long time, it will help with paralysis of the tongue. If the juice of this and the



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juice of mint be given likewise in the nose, it will serve well against paralysis of the other parts of the body as well.


109. **Dragantum**: i.e. **copperas**; hot and dry in the fourth degree; there are four sorts of it, i.e. the white sort, named Arabicum, as it is obtained in Arabia; the yellow sort named Ciprinum, which is obtained in the island called Cyprus; the third sort named Frasina, which is obtained in France and which is green in colour; the fourth sort is named Indicum, which is grey in colour and is obtained in India; these sorts are metals of the earth, and the best colour for it to be is clear and green; it retains its efficacy for ten years. It has the dissolving, consuming, and drying virtues, for which reason, according to Platearius, it is suitable against ulcers, and to dry up other suppurations. Item, take powder of **copperas**, and twice as much meal of beans which have been parched, and a fourth part consisting of soap, make a **surgical tent** with it and insert it in the opening of the wound; this will expand the wound, draw broken bones from it, and renew the tissue. It serves well against the disease named **polypus**, that is one of the diseases of the nose, and it is called **polypus** because poly means a lump and pus means a discharge i.e. a lump in the nose which is discharging. Item, take **Apostolicon**, the proper ointment for wounds, and put **copperas** through it, agitate them well together, and, if they are put in the nostrils they will help with the disease we referred to. Item, if a **surgical tent** of cotton be dipped in salted water and powder of **copperas** be put in it, and it be put in the nose, it will help with **polypus**. Platearius says to insert the same medicine in the vagina and it will help with the flux of


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menstruation. If it be put likewise in the nose, it will help with a flux of blood from the nose, and it will help likewise with a flux of blood from the **anus**. If **copperas** be dissolved in water or milk or white of egg, and applied as a collyrium to the eyes, it will help
with their redness and wetness. Note that **copperas** should not be mixed with another medicine until it has first been strongly heated, in the following manner: make powder of it, put it in the shell of a hen-egg on the fire, with nothing through it, and, when it is red, put it in the wounds and in the medicines we have mentioned.
1. Of dwarf elder
2. of ivy of trees
3. of ground ivy
4. of hellebore
5. of endive
6. of elecampane
7. of liverwort
8. of dodder of thyme
9. of spurge
10. of officinal euphorbia
11. of burnt copper
12. of haematite
13. of emblic myrobalan
14. of the greater water-parsnip.



110. **Ebulus**, **cameactis**: i.e. the two names of the **dwarf elder**; it is hot and dry in the second degree; its efficacy and operation are very


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like those of the **elder**, except that the laxative virtue is stronger in the **dwarf elder**; it is the juice of its roots that are suitable for medical use; principally it purges the phlegmatic humour, and it also attracts and purges all the viscous humours; it violently purges above and below, and, for this reason it should not be given except when the material has been digested. The body should be prepared for the flux before administering it, and Platearius says that a medicine which provokes vomiting should not be given until the material has been digested. A purge of this herb serves well against tertian fever that is caused by either the lemon-coloured or the yolk-coloured choleric humour, and it also serves well against the **quotidian fever** that has lasted a long time. The same herb serves well against oppilation of the liver, **jaundice**, **colic**, **ileus**, **podagra**, **arthritis**, and leucophlegmasia. Item, take an egg-shell full of the juice of its roots and mix it with white wine and administer it, and this will be good against the things we have mentioned. If the roots of the same herb be taken and put in a laxative **syrup** or **oximel**, or if its juice be boiled with honey, the honey will have great laxative virtue.


Item, if a bath be made of the foliage of this herb for dropsy patients, it will greatly comfort them; the ointment made from this herb for people who have a rash or scab or exudation just under the skin. A fomentation may be made of this herb for the part of the body where there is inflammation. **Rhases** says to gather the roots of this herb in the spring and to dry them in the sun, and they will retain their efficacy for ... years. The same man says to make a powder of the roots of the same herb, and to temper it with **juice of fennel** and mint and sugar, mix them and leave to stand for a night, and, if it be


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drunk the following morning, it will help the illness we have mentioned. Item, if foliage of **dwarf elder** and of **elder** be boiled in salted water, and a bath be made for the part of the body that is swollen with dropsy, or where there is **arthritis** or **podagra**, it will help it. Item, if foliage of **dwarf elder** and foliage of **elder** be pounded finely and boiled in the juice of this herb itself, and it be put as a plaster on the joints, as hot as can be borne, it will help with **arthritis** and the swelling of dropsy. Item, the juice of the same herb and powder of spurge with sugar will purge every illness that arises from the phlegmatic humour, and the illnesses we have previously mentioned.


111. **Edera arborea**: .i. the ivy that grows on trees; it is moderately hot, and its dryness is great; **funis pauperum** is another name for it. If juice of ivy be rubbed on the place from which you wish to remove hair, it will remove the hair. If the same be rubbed on the hair, it will kill fleas and nits. If the same juice be drunk, it will open the oppilation of the liver and the spleen, and it may be given freely to asthma patients. If the same juice be put in the ear, it will help with pain and apostumes of the ears, it will stop the flow of other material to them, and it will help with wounds of the ear. If the same juice be drunk, it will expel burnt choleric humour; if it is given in excess, it will provoke dysentery; the reason why this herb is called **edera** is that edus is a goat, and it is the proper food of goats, because it gives them milk even though they do not give birth to other goats. If a person drink this juice, it will kill all the **worms** in his stomach. Platearius says that this herb has the styptic virtue,


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and it serves well against dysentery if a fomentation of it be applied to the **anus** or a plaster on the kidneys; the berries of the ivy make the .c. n. of which the Latin name is **carpocissus**.


112. **Edera terrestris**: i.e. ground ivy; this herb is hot and dry; it has the ability to provoke menstruation; it is of great benefit against **mola matricis**. If this herb be taken, and dodder of flax, equal amounts of each, and they be boiled in white wine and given as a drink to the woman, it will release the **mola matricis**. Item, if a plaster, made of the same herb with tartar from wine, be placed about the belly over the womb, it will provoke menstruation and release the **mola matricis**. Item, if a plaster of the same herb with pig lard be put on the joints, it will help with **podagra** and **arthritis**. A fomentation of the same herb with shells of *hazelnuts* will help with **jaundice**.


113. **Eleborus nider**: i.e. the **black hellebore**; hot and dry in the third degree; its operation is similar to that of the **white hellebore**, except that the **black hellebore** serves as a laxative below, and the **white hellebore** as an emetic above; the root of this herb is best for medical use, because it is usually put in laxative **oximels**, **compounds**, and electuaries; this herb purges the natural melancholic humour and the unnatural melancholic humour principally. It serves well against mania and melancholia, and for people who have **vertigo** and dizziness arising from the melancholic humour; this is how it is put in the laxative purgatives, i.e. a drachma of the powder of the root of this herb, and if this herb is boiled in wine, ale, or mead, two or three


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drachmas of it may be given in this way. Platearius says that this herb should not be given to people who have illness of the chest, or to those who have a thin, weak, body. Item, if the powder of the same herb be put in the nostrils, it will serve well for people with **lithariga**. Item, if the foliage of this herb be boiled in butter or oil, and allowed through a linen cloth, it will certainly help with scabby head.




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114. **Endiuia**: this herb is cold in the first, degree and dry in the second degree; all of its efficacy is in its foliage and its seed; it has the diuretic virtue, and it comforts the liver and the spleen when they are affected by hot material; this herb is of great benefit against hot internal apostnines; it serves well against the erratic fevers that arise from hot material, in **syrups**, drinks, and plasters. Take **endive**, roots of setwall, fresh **maidenhair spleenwort**, **violets**, water figwort, ox-eye daisy, marigold, and roots of sorrel, boil these herbs in worts, clarify with honey and liquorice, and drink it like any other **syrup**. If the juice of this herb be mixed with water, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen; Platearius says that this herb does not require much boiling, and that is why it is instructed that it be put into the end boiling of the above described operations.


115. **Elena campana**: i.e. elecampane; hot (and dry) in the third degree, and wet in the first degree. If this herb be boiled in wine or ale, it will provoke menstruation and abortion, and also the urine. If a plaster of the root of this herb be put on the belly, it will stop **ileus** and **colic**. If the same herb be boiled in wine and honey together and put as a plaster on the kidneys, it will help with pain of the kidneys. Item, take the roots of the same herb and make a powder of them, and boil them in honey until thick, and drink a spoonful fasting *in the morning* and also before going to bed, and this will help with a cough. This herb has the comforting and 


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p.536



consuming virtues, and the virtue of cleansing the nerves. Boil this herb in wine against pain and windiness of the stomach. If the roots of the same herb be dried in the beginning of summer, it will retain its efficacy for a year. Item, if the powder of this herb be boiled in water with barley water and liquorice, and powder of cinamon and sugar be added, it will be of great benefit against illness of the respiratory organs. If the same herb be boiled in wine and oil, and applied as a plaster on the **navel**, it will help with **ileus**, **colic**, and **stranguria**.


116. **Epatica**: i.e. **liverwort**; it is cold and dry in the third degree; it is at its best when its foliage is biggest; it has the infrigiditating and diuretic virtues; it serves well against the oppilation of the liver and spleen arising from hot material. The **syrup** of this herb on its own with powder of **rhubarb** added help with oppilation of the liver and with **jaundice**. Every drink, **syrup** and plaster that is made for the liver should have liverwort put in it. Item, if the herb be pounded and white of egg put through it, it will repercuss hot apostumes. If the same herb be pounded and butter unsalted be put through it, this plaster will help with oppilation of the liver and spleen.


117. **Epetimen**: i.e. dodder of thyme; hot and dry in the third degree; it has the ability to purge natural and unnatural melancholic humour in the first place, and to purge the phlegmatic humour in the second place, and for this reason it is of benefit to people with mania and melancholia, **quartan fever**, quotidian fever, disease of the spleen,


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and every illness arising from the melancholic humour. It is usually put in **compounds**, because it accentuates the laxative medicines, and because, if it be given on its own, it induces swooning; it clears the passages of the lungs of the gross phlegmatic humour, and of the melancholic humour by its proper operation. Notice, according to Platearius, that this herb digests the melancholic humour by its proper action. If this herb be boiled in wine against the swooning that is caused by windiness, it will greatly relieve it. If the same herb and dodder of flax be pounded and pig lard put through it, it will help with hardness of the spleen. If the same herb be boiled in water and drunk before the paroxysm of the **quartan fever**, it will help with it.


118. **Esula**: **spurge**; it is hot and dry in the third degree; its root is best for the laxative medicines of every sort; it has the ability to purge the phlegmatic humour and the viscous humours principally, and of purging the choleric humour in the second place, for which reason it greatly benefits people with **podagra**, gout of the hand, **arthritis**, **colic**, **ileus**, dropsy accompanied by fever, quotidian fever, and the likes. If this herb be given in hot wine or in hot ale or in an uncooked egg, it will work effectively, and it will accentuate every medicine that purges the phlegmatic humour, and the other humours as well. If it be collected in the spring, it will retain its efficacy for two years.


119. **Euforbium**: i.e. the gum of a tree; it is hot and dry in the third degree; it has the laxative virtue most efficiently; it is best when


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it is of a yellow colour; it purges the phlegmatic humour and the viscous humours principally from the stomach and the intestines, and it purges the same humours from the joints; it is of benefit against **stranguria**, and against **quotidian fever** arising from the lemon-coloured or yolk-coloured choleric humour. It serves well against, the dropsy that comes from coldness and against **arthritis** and **colic** and **ileus**, because it consumes the excessive wetness from which the aforesaid illnesses arise; it soothes the shaking and excessive sensitivity of the nerves. Platearius says that the way to give this purgative is to mix **gum arabic** and **bdellium** and **mastix** with it and to give it that way, because it would excoriate the intestines if it were given on its own. The same man says that it is of benefit against **epilepsy** and**apoplexy** and headache; this is the gum that gives acuteness to **benedicta** and **ieralogodion**; for the cure of asthma or laboured breathing, it should be given with water in which anise or seed of fennel has been boiled. If the same gum be put on red coals and the fumes allowed into the mouth against shortness of breath, it will open the passages so that the viscous humours that are in the lungs will flow and so be expellable; it retains its efficacy for ten years; an electuary in which it is put will serve well for those suffering from failure of memory or from **lithariga**. If the head be shaved and washed in warm wine, and **euphorbium** be then rubbed into it, this will help with **lithariga**. Item, if **euphorbium** be given in a raw egg, it will help with **jaundice** and oppilation of the liver and spleen. Item, if **euphorbium**, **mastix**, and soap, equal amounts of each, be put in the wounds, this will help with suppuration, pus and ulceration.




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120. **Es ustum**: i.e. burnt copper; hot and dry in the fourth degree; it has the ability to purge the melancholic humour principally; it has the attenuating, consuming and dissolving virtues, and, for that reason, it is put into the dissolving plasters such as **Apostolicon** and the likes. If a powder be made of it for festering wounds, it will consume the **proud flesh** and comfort the wounds. If the same powder be mixed with honey and soap, and put into the wounds, it will help with every suppuration and ulceration of the wounds. If powder of burnt copper be given with **oximel** or with warm water, it will powerfully purge the melancholic humour below and above.


121. **Ematites**: i.e. a stone that is cold and dry in the second degree; it is of pale grey colour; it is obtained in the East of India; it has the virtue of stopping the flow of blood; the reason why it is called ematites (haematite) is, ‘ema’ in Greek means **fuil** (blood) in Irish, and ‘titis’ means to confine, because it has the ability to staunch the blood. If the juice of **shepherd's purse** be rubbed on this stone and put in the nose, it will stop the flux of blood from the nose, and if cotton be dipped in the same juice and put in the wound, it will staunch the blood of the wounds. If the water of this stone be given to drink to those with **haemoptysis**, i.e. spitting of blood, it will help them. If this stone be washed in **juice of plantain** and given to women with a flux of menstruation, it will help them.


122. **Emblici**: i.e. fruits of a tree that grows in the Great World; they have the ability to purge the melancholic humour and the phlegmatic humour; they are of benefit against illnesses that generate


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high temperatures, such as **quartan fever** and the like. If powder be made of **emblici** and aloes, and oil put through them, and it be rubbed on the hair, it will not allow the hair to fall out, and it will cause it to grow. If powder of **emblici** be mixed with juice of **mullein** and put on the **anus**, this will stop the flux of blood of the **piles**; if it be put in the vagina, it will stop the women's flux of blood.


123. **Eruca**: i.e. the **greater water-parsnip**; hot and dry in the third degree; it has the diuretic virtue, and it operates well to clear the passages of the bladder. If roots of the greater water-parsnip be boiled in honey, it will help with the cough. If the juice of this herb and honey be boiled together and taken, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen. If the same herb be boiled in wine and put as a plaster on the head when it is wounded, this will draw broken bones out of it, and also any contamination. **Macer** says whoever makes use of these roots, it will increase the sperm and the generation, and, if it be taken with lettuce and seed of fennel it will greatly serve likewise.
1. Of iron
2. of sediment of iron
3. of the water crowfoot
4. of fenugreek
5. of strawberry
6. of the ash-tree
7. of barley
8. of fennel


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11. of stinking mayweed
12. of leaven
13. of gall
14. of dropwort
15. of wild valerian
16. of St. John's wort
17. of juniper berries
18. of figs
19. of tartar



124. **Ferrum**, **ferrugo** & **sgama ferri**: i.e. iron, iron dross, and iron flake; hot and dry in the third degree; there are differences between these sorts i.e. **ferrum** is the iron, **ferrugo** is the iron dross, and **squama ferri** is the iron flake. The iron has the comforting, attractive and constraining virtues. Milk boiled with iron will stop the flux of the abdomen. If a wound be cauterized with it, it will stop the flow of blood. The iron dross has the attenuating and drying virtues. Wine in which the dross has been immersed will correct grossness in the spleen, and its oppilation. Item, if fine powder be made of the iron dross, and it be mixed with the juice of **mullein**, and cotton be dipped in it and put on the **anus**, this will stop the tlux of the haemorrhoids. Item, take red-hot dross, pour vinegar on it, and allow the fumes to the **anus**, and this will help with **tenesmus**; the iron flake should not be given on its own, without styptic substances with it, such as the foliage of roses, because it would create sores in the intestines; it purges by reason of its weight the corrupt


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humours that it finds in the stomach and the intestines, and it has the ability principally to purge the melancholic humour. It has the constraining virtue, as is clear in the case of people with haemorrhoids, because it stops their flux, and it also stops the women's flux of blood; it is a powerful help for a bad colour in the face which is caused by the melancholic humour. To cause a person to forget something of hatred or of love or of anything else that is bothering him, if he be given wine or a drink that has been boiled with dross, he will cease to remember, by the power of this thing. Platearius says to reduce the dross to the fineness of grains of pepper, and to put into it the powder of cinnamon, ginger, anise and liquorice, and to take it fasting *in the morning* and before going to bed, and this will help with oppilation of the liver and spleen; powder of the iron flake may be put in electuaries and compound medicines such as **Trifera Saracenica** and the like.


125. **Ferrarium**: i.e. the sediment at the bottom of the tub in which the iron has been Immersed; it is cold and dry; it has the constraining virtue; it is of benefit against **podagra** and **arthritis**. If the water which has been boiled by the iron be put in a bath, it will stop excessive sweating. A boiling up may be made of water in which iron has been immersed and of rain water, and the steam allowed under the patient with dysentery.


126. **Flamula**:
 i.e. water crowfoot; hot and dry in the third degree; it serves well as a caustic, because it draws excessive wetness to the place where it is. To mature cold apostumes, put a plaster of the



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same herb and of pig lard on them. Some people give the same herb in a drink against **podagra** and **quartan fever** and the like. If an ointment of the same herb be rubbed on the sides, it will help with **stranguria** and **dysuria**. If the juice of the same herb be rubbed on the top of the head, it will help with the headache called migraine.


127. **Fenugrecum**: *.i.e.* **fenugreek**; hot in the second degree and dry in the first degree; it has the glutinous and maturing virtues. If meal
of fenugreek and the yolk of a hen egg be put as a plaster on the apostumes, it will help them; if it be desired to burst a boil, take fenugreek, common oil, and turpentine, mix them and put them on he boil, and this will burst any boil in a day and a night. To reduce the hardness of the spleen, take fenugreek, boil it with oil and wine, and put it as a plaster on the spleen, and this will help with pain and hardness of the spleen. Item, if meal of fenugreek in warm water be put as a plaster on the stomach, this will help with the pain of the stomach and the intestines.


128. **Fragaria**: i.e. the **strawberry plant**; this herb is cold and dry; it serves well for lesions of the lungs *consumption* and the illness called **phthisis**: take the root of madder, root of tormentil, the strawberry plant, and roots of plantain, equal amounts of each, pound these herbs, make a soup of them, and give it in warm wine to drink, and this will heal the lesions of the lungs, and it will help with flux of the abdomen. Item, take this herb, the bilberry plant, roots of the three brambles, **calamint**, madder (its root), roots of wild valerian, wild thyme, roots of agrimony, and **cinquefoil**, equal amounts


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of each, boil in worts and clarify with honey and white of egg, and this will stop any flux of the abdomen and women's **piles**, as we have said.


129. **Fraximus**: i.e. the **ash tree**; hot and dry in the second degree; it strongly stops the flux that follows a purgative. If the bark of the same tree be boiled in rain water, and the patient put into it up to his belly, it will help with dysentery and lienteric diarrhoea. If the same bark be boiled in milk, it will help with the same illnesses. If it be pounded and boiled in vinegar and put on the upper part of the stomach, it will stop vomiting. If the root-bark of the same tree be boiled in wine, it will stop oppilation of the liver and spleen that comes from coldness. The same root-bark, together with dodder of flax and honeysuckle flowers, will purge the melancholic humour from the spleen.




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130. **Farina ordi**: i.e. barley, or meal; it is cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; it has the repercussive virtue; it is of benefit for the hot apostumes known as carbuncles and **erysipelas**: take **barley meal**, foliage of setwall, **crassula** i.e. **orpine**, and juice of the daisy, pound these herbs, put white of hen egg through them, and put them as a plaster on the incipient apostumes, and this will repercuss the acute matter. Platearius says that barley serves well for medical purposes, its chaff, its bread, and its meal, because it has the cleansing and opening virtues, for which reason it is suitable for every illness of the liver; when it is mixed with either hot or cold medicines, it operates in them both, because it has a sociable nature, no matter what it is mixed with. A drink is made of it for those with illness of the respiratory organs and the acute fevers, and it is suitable as food in the case of illness of the respiratory organs; a porridge of the **barley meal** with butter of the month of May matures the apostume, releases the matter, and is good as a nutrient for the weak organs. Put **barley meal** and vinegar on the hot apostumes in order to repercuss them. To mature the hot apostumes, put **meal of barley** and honey on them, or **meal of barley** and warm pitch, or meal of
barley and turpentine, to be put on them as a plaster.


131. **Feniculus**: i.e. **fennel**; hot in the second degree. If this herb be pounded and boiled in wine, it will help with every poison, and, likewise, it will help with disease of the kidneys. Against illness of the sight, put this herb in a drink, its tops, its seed, or its


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roots, and this medicine will be beneficial. If the same herb be pounded and put on the bite of a mad dog, it will cure the poisoning, and the poison will not recur. If the roots or seed of the same herb be boiled in wine or in ale, it will provoke menstruation and the urine, it will help with pain of the stomach, and it will stop vomiting. Item, against any swelling from coldness, caused by a fall or a blow, if a plaster of this herb with pig lard be put on it, it will cure it. If the seed of this herb be collected in the beginning of autumn, it will retain its efficacy for two years. If the roots of this herb be collected in the beginning of the spring, those roots will retain their efficacy for half a year. If the skin of the same roots be boiled in water and given to drink, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen. If the same water be given against pain of the stomach caused by windiness, it will give relief. Item, if three scruples of powder of spurge be given with **juice of fennel**, it will help with dropsy which is accompanied by fever. Item, if the **juice of fennel** be put in a bronze vessel for fifteen days, and put as an eye-wash on the eyes, it will dissolve the film or fog that is on the eyes.


132. **Feniculus porsinas**: i.e. stinking mayweed; hot in the second degree and dry in the third degree. If it be drunk in water, it will help with **anthrax**; this herb is foul-smelling, as the following proverb says: ‘Fetet amarissa, redolet similiter camamilla’, i.e. just as the chamomile is supreme in good smells, so this herb is supreme in
foul smells.




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133. **Fenementum**: i.e. **leaven**; it is made from wheaten flour, water and salt; it has the virtue of consuming and attracting the humours. If it be mixed with butter or oil, it will help with apostumes, and will certainly burst them.


134. **Fel**: i.e. the **bile** of every animal; hot and dry in the fourth degree. If the bile of cow or bull be put as a plaster on **erysipelas**, it will help with it. If the bile of a male goat be put in wounds, it will corrode the **proud flesh** promptly, and it will preserve them from spasm in cold weather. If the bile of a male goat be rubbed on the sort of skin disease that is called **elephantiasis**, it will help with it; the bile of birds is beneficial to comfort the vision, especially the bile of birds who obtain their food by violence, such as hawks and the likes. If the bile of a bull be rubbed on the testicles, this will help with **hernia**, as **Avicenna** says.


135. **Filipindula**: hot and dry in the third degree; its roots serve best for medical purposes; it grows in difficult mountain places; its roots retain their efficacy for ten years when stored, if gathered at the end of autumn; it has the diuretic virtue. If this herb be boiled in wine, it will break the urinary stones, and it is beneficial against **stranguria** and **dysuria**, and it is beneficial in clysters against **ileus** and **colic**. The powder of this herb with powder of the seed of fennel, if drunk in wine, will help with pain of the stomach. If the powder of the roots of this herb be taken in a drink, it will help with **epilepsy**, as **Dioscorides** says. The same powder serves well against oppilation of the liver and spleen. If this herb be put in a


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little bag and boiled in white wine, and put over the liver and spleen, it will open their oppilation and help them. If the powder of this herb be given in food or drink, it serves well against constrained breathing. If the same powder be put on red coals and the fumes received through a tube into the mouth, this will serve well against constrained breathing.


136. **Fumus terra**: i.e. **fumiter**; hot and dry in the second degree; it purges the burnt humours, the salted phlegmatic humour, and every sort of melancholic humour; it serves well against skin disease, and every rash that comes on the skin. This is how it is administered; take three spoonfuls of the **juice of fumiter**, and a spoonful of honey or sugar, mix them, and give it to the patient when he is fasting *in the morning*, and this will preserve a person from skin disease, and it will help with every sort of rash. Item, half a quart of **juice of fumiter**, and the same amount of whey of goats' milk, if it be drunk, it is wonderful how it helps with every skin disease, rash, and scabby head. Item, take two dragmas of powder of spurge, and give it in **juice of fumiter**, and this will help with every dropsy. Item, take roots of fennel, parsley, celery, and **juice of fumiter**, make a **syrup** of them as appropriate, and this will be beneficial for people with dropsy, **arthritis**, or **podagra**. This herb should not be given, except with another herb which has the ability to provoke the urine, because it is very windy, and it should not be given every day, but only after the interval of at least one day. It should not be given boiled, but only raw; Platearius says that this herb is best when it is fresh; the


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reason why it called **fumus terrae** is, ‘fumus’ means smoke, and this herb is the smoke of the ground because it keeps lightly to the ground.


137. **Fu** **ualerian**: Fu[168](javascript:footNote('G600005/note168.html')) ualerian: i.e. wild valerian; hot and dry in the second degree. It is gathered in the month of May; it retains its efficacy for three years. If it be boiled in white wine, it will help with urinary disease. If it be boiled in wine, it will help with pain of the stomach, it will soothe the digestion, and it will help with pain of the abdomen. Item, take the roots of this herb, roots of fennel, and **mastix**, boil them in wine, and this will stop the oppilation of the liver and spleen. Item, take the roots of the same herb and the bran of wheat, boil them in wine, and give this against illness of the womb. If the same herb be boiled in wine, honey and butter, with seed of **burnet** or of pig nut, this will help with **jaundice** and with the hardness of the liver which is called **ascites**.


138. **Fugo demonum**: i.e. **St. John's wort**; hot and dry in the third degree. If it be boiled in wine or in water, it will cleanse the blood within the vessels, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen, it will provoke the urine and menstruation, and it will be beneficial against poison. If the powder of the same herb be put in wet wounds, it will promptly dry them. If the same herb be drunk in water for forty days, it will help with **sciatica**; the reason why it is called **fugo demonum** is that it drives away devils from whoever carries it with him; whoever holds it in his hand will have the gift of the
gab, as we have seen.




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139. **F*r*uctus iuniperi**: i.e. the **berries of juniper**; hot and dry in the third degree; it is gathered in the spring, and it retains its efficacy for two years. If this fruit be boiled in rain water, it will stop the flux that comes after purging. It serves well against **stranguria**, **dysuria**, **ileus** and **colic**; an oil is made from this seed for the eyes, its name is **oleum iuniperi**. If an ounce of it be given in food or in drink, it will help with **quartan fever**. If powder of these berries and soap be mixed together and applied to lesions, this will help with canker and festering. If powder of the same berries, with powder of burnt copper through it, be put in the nose, it will help with **polypus**. If the same fruit be put in geese and capons when they are being roasted, this will soothe the digestion.


140. **Ficus**: i.e. figs; hot and wet in the second degree; when old people make use of them, it reverses the distortion of their faces, and they become calm. Item, when irrational animals are tied to the tree on which they grow, they become very domesticated. The juice of the skin of the same tree congeals the milk for the purposes of cheese making, like rennet. Item, if the juice of the foliage of that tree be rubbed on the testicles, it will increase sexual desire; **Ysaac** says that of all fruits, there is no fruit that nourishes the body more than figs; the same man says that people who make frequent use of figs are lively, and natural humours are generated in them. If the stomach be full of corrupt humours, figs will increase that bad complex, but if [the stomach! be clean, they will comfort it, produce clean blood, clean the chest and lungs, and clean the kidneys and bladder of the gross humours that develop in them. As to what they should be taken


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in, take them with powder of ginger or pepper, or almonds or **walnuts**. If figs and hyssop be boiled in wine, this will be powerful against illness of the chest and lungs. Item, if figs and flax seed be boiled in oil, it will mature apostumes promptly. Item, if **mustard** and figs be boiled in wine, it will help with tinnitus in the ears, and it will clean the brain.


141. **Fex**: i.e. dregs; **Avicenna** says that of all dregs, the dregs of vinegar are the strongest, and next to them, the dregs of wine. If the dregs of vinegar be put on the belly, this will stop the excessive flux of menstruation promptly.
1. Of galbanum
2. of galangal
3. of clary
4. of yellow flag
5. of cloves
6. of gentian
7. of gum
8. of cockle
9. of broom



142. **Galbanum**: i.e. the juice of a herb; Platearius says that it is the gum of a tree; it has the attractive, dissolving, consuming, and maturing virtues. If three dragmas of it be given in a raw egg or in a **tisane of barley**, it will help with asthma. If the same gum be put on red coals and the fumes received in the nose, this will help with


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**lithariga**. If the fumes be allowed to the vagina, this will help with hysteria. If it be put on a painful tooth, it will help with the pain. If pills be made of galbanum and honey, and taken, it will help with every worm of the stomach and intestines, as we have said.


143. **Galanga**: i.e. **galangal**; hot and dry in the third degree; it retains its efficacy for only five years; it is at its best when it is heavy, brownish red, and knobby, with a sharp taste; it has the consuming, comforting and dissolving virtues. If it be put to the nose, it will comfort the animal virtue. Item, if powder of galangal be given with juice of borage, it will help with heartburn and swooning. If regular use be made of galangal, it will make the person's breath good. The following are equivalent in their operation: cloves, galangal, and lignum aloes, because each of them is used in place of each of the others. Take powder of galangal and boil it in wine with powder of caraway and anise, and drink it, and it will help with indigestion and pain of the stomach caused by windiness.


144. **Galitr*ic*um**: i.e. **clary**; hot and dry, but to what degree is not ascertainable from the books; it will provoke menstruation and the urine if a bath be made of it from the **navel** down. If the juice of this herb and bile of cock be applied to the eyes as an eye-wash, it will help with eye-darkness. Item, if the same herb be boiled in barley water and **hart's tongue fern**, **maidenhair spleenwort**, **violets** and stitchwort be boiled well with it and diluted with honey and white of egg, it will help with excessive heat of the liver and lungs.




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145. **Gladiolus**: i.e. **yellow flag**; hot and dry in the second degree. If small discs be made of its roots and they be boiled in juice of liquorice, it will help with illness of the lungs, and with the cough that is caused by coldness. If powder of the same herb be put in potage, it will expel melancholic humour. If the same powder be given against sorcery and poisoned drinks, it will help with them, and it is good, too, against oppilation of the liver and spleen. If powder of the same herb be put with honey into wet wounds and the opening of ulcers, it will help with them. If the powder of the same herb be mixed with honey and put in the wounds, it will stop the development of **proud flesh**, and it will clean them. Item, if the roots of the same herb be boiled in wine and drunk, it will help with any bruising a person suffers from a blow or a fall. Item, if the roots of the same herb be pounded and their juice, together with honey, be applied to the eyes, it will dissolve their cataract. Against exudation and wrinkles on the face, if a plaster of the roots of this herb and of the roots of **white hellebore** and honey be put on them overnight, it will clear the face. If the seed of the same herb be boiled in wine, it will provoke menstruation and the dead foetus, and the urine. Item, if the roots of the same herb be put in **oximels** with powder of **stinking iris** and **dwarf elder** and other laxative, diuretic, herbs, it will serve well for people with dropsy.


146. **Gariofilus**: i.e. cloves; hot and dry in the third degree; it is the fruit of a tree that grows in India; it should be collected in summer; it retains its efficacy for six years; it is best when it has a sharp taste; it has the comforting and dissolving virtues; it


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greatly soothes the digestion if it be boiled with wine and **mastix**.
If they be boiled with seed of fennel they greatly comfort the digestion, and the stomach when it is windy. If they be used regularly, they will comfort the digestion, the brain, the stomach, and the intestines, it is beneficial against swooning, and it stops vomiting; to use them and to smell them comforts the brain. If they be boiled in wine and applied to the nose of a woman who suffers from displacement of the uterus, it will help her. Item, take cloves, twelve nails of them, and a dragma of **mastix**, and boil them in rose water in a glass vessel, give it warm to drink, and this will help with flux of the abdomen.


147. **Genciana**: **gentian**; hot and dry in the third degree; it is the roots of this herb that best serve for medical purposes; it has the attractive, dissolving, consuming and opening virtues; it is beneficial against asthma arising from coldness, and, if its roots be boiled in wine or in ale against the asthma, this will help it. If the same herb be boiled in the ointment called **dialthaea** and rubbed on the chest it will help with tightness of the chest, and, if it be given in potage or in food, it will help with illness of the lungs and chest. If it be given with juice of mint, it will help with **epilepsy**, and if it be given in the same way, it will help with the bite of a mad dog and with every poison. If it be given with **juice of wormwood**, it will provoke the urine and menstruation, and will induce the dead foetus and the after-birth.




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148. **Gumi**: i.e. gum; when the word ‘gum’ in general is spoken, it is to be understood as referring to **gum arabic**; **gum arabic** is hot and wet in the first degree, and there are three sorts of it, i.e. ‘alba’ or white gum, ‘citrina’ or yellow gum, and ‘rufa’ or red gum, the white gum being the best of them; it has the virtue of moving the bowels gently and pleasantly; **gum arabic** is the same as gum Sarasenica, i.e. the gum of the Saracens. Item, this gum, powder of cinnamon and of mint, and fresh wax, if they *be* mixed together and put on at the top of the stomach, this will stop any vomiting. If it be given with rose water, it will stop dysentery. If **gum arabic**, dragon's blood and rose water be given, it will stop menstruation. If the same herb be put in the nostrils or in plasters on the temples, this will stop a flux of blood from the nose.


149. **Gitt**: i.e. **cockle**; hot and dry in the second degree; it is a herb that grows amongst the wheat[169](javascript:footNote('G600005/note169.html')); it serves well for medical purposes; it has the diuretic, consuming, and dissolving virtues; it serves well against oppilation of the liver and spleen, and against **stranguria**, **dysuria**, **ileus**, **colic**, and pain in the upper part of the stomach, if it be boiled in wine and drunk, and put in potages or in other foods. Item, if the same herb and mullein be boiled in wine, and cotton be dipped in it and put on the **anus**, this will stop the flux of haemorrhoids. Item, take powder of the same herb and mix it with honey, and this will kill any **worms** that are in stomach or intestines. If a plaster of the same powder and of **juice of wormwood** be put on the **navel**, this will kill every worm there is in intestines. item, if



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powder of **cockle** and juice of wall pennywort be put warm in the ears, it will relieve them.


150. **Genestula**: i.e. **broom**; cold and dry; it has the styptic virtue; it serves well against flux of menstruation to make a bath of this herb in water and to allow the fumes to the vagina. If a powder be made of seed of broom and mixed with **juice of plantain** and administered as a pessary, it will stop the flux of menstruation. If a stupe be made of the seed of the same herb and its fumes be allowed to the body, it will stop dysentery.
1. Of autumn crocus
2. of cowslip
3. of chickweed
4. of scarlet pimpernel.



151. **Hermodactuli**: i.e. autumn crocus; hot and dry in the third degree; if its roots be collected in the summer and dried, they will retain their efficacy for a year; it has the consuming, dissolving and attractive virtues; it is the appropriate purge for the phlegmatic humour; it is beneficial against **arthritis**, **podagra**, gout of the hands, **colic**, **ileus**, and against every illness that comes from the phlegmatic humour; with it the following purges are made acute, that is, **ieralogodion** and **Theodoricon anacardinum**, and the likes. Item,


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take **juice of fennel** and honey, boil well, put powder of autumn crocus into it and give a dragma of it every day, and it will certainly help with **arthritis**, **podagra**, and gout of the hand. Item, powder of autumn crocus and soap, and a surgical tent may be dipped in it and put in the opening of an ulcer. If powder of autumn crocus and burnt copper be mixed with **juice of fennel** or **rue** and put in the nose, it will help with **polypus**.




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152. **Herba Sangti Petri**: i.e. **cowslip**; hot and dry; it serves well against paralysis, i.e., take roots of cowslip, autumn crocus, tops of savory, **calamint**, roots of **burnet**, horseradish, elecampane, water crowfoot, equal amounts of each, boil them in lard of capon and grease of cat or fox, press through a linen cloth, put into it oil ot chamomile and an oil that is made of **flowers of elder**, put an ounce of **oleum laurinum** into it, put it in a vessel, and rub it on the back of the head and on the root of the nerves, and this will help with paralysis. Take the same herb, pound it well, put **breast milk** of a woman who is nursing a daughter through it, press it through a linen cloth, and put one drop of it in each nostril, and this will purge the phlegmatic humour from the brain. Take the foliage of this herb, sea wormwood, **lovage**, red fennel, chamomile, and chervil, equal amounts of each, boil them in water and make a stupe to the head of it, and this will help with coldness of the head and migraine.


153. **Hipia mador**: **chickweed**[170](javascript:footNote('G600005/note170.html')); hot and wet; it has the virtues of warming, opening, and relieving pain. Take this herb, boil it in water, then press it well, pound it with pig lard and butter, and put it as a plaster on the part of the body where the pain is, and this will stop any pain. Item, boil the same herb in its own juice, and put it hot on the belly, and this will stop knotting in the abdomen. Item, if juice of the same herb, together with juice of daisy, **mother's milk**, and flour of the **meal of barley**, be mixed together and put on the temples, this will stop their heat and pain, and will


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provoke sleep. Item, if a large quantity of this herb be dried and made into ashes, and a shampoo be made of those ashes, it will stop the hair from growing grey. Item, take the juice of chickweed, powder of **cumin**, and oat meal, boil these things well, put pig lard or unsalted butter through it, and apply it as a plaster to the wounds, and the other parts of the body, and it will help with the pain.


154. **Hipia minor**: i.e. the **scarlet pimpernel**; hot and wet likewise; the water of this herb serves well to sharpen the sight, i.e., take the tops of this herb, eyebright, red rose, red fennel, foliage of **rue**, and foliage of celandine, pound them, boil them or extract the juice from them, put **mother's milk** or wine through them, and apply to the eyes, and this will sharpen the sight and clean the eyelashes. Item, take the juice of the same herb and add powder of **copperas**, and apply it to the eyes, and this will help with their mistiness, darkness, redness, pain and itch. Item, take the same herb and the soft **shoots of the dog rose**, pound them finely, put yolk of egg and a little **saffron** through it, and this will help with the redness and pain of the eyes if applied to them as a plaster. Item, the flower of the same herb and the flower of the red rose, pound them and mix them with white of egg, and apply them as a plaster to the eyelashes, and this will help likewise.


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1. Of hyssop
2. of hypocistis
3. of hypocistis
4. of stinking iris
5. of brooklime.



155. **Isopus**: i.e. **hyssop**; hot and dry in the third degree; it serves well against the cough that comes from coldness, and against roughness of the voice, and **phthisis**. Item, if hyssop, dried figs, and honey be boiled together and drunk, this will help with every illness of the chest. Item, if powder of hyssop be boiled in honey until thick, and a spoonful of it be drunk every day, this will help with every illness of the chest. Item, if hyssop and **garden cress** be boiled in **oximel**, it will expel the viscous phlegmatic humour, and it will help with windiness of the intestines. If hyssop be boiled in vinegar and a sup of it be held in the mouth, this will help with toothache. If hyssop be burnt, and the fumes allowed into the ear, it will help with illness of the ears. If hyssop be pounded and boiled in water together with anise, and put as a plaster on a part of the body that has become blue from a blow, it will give it a good colour. If the same herb be pounded and wet with warm water, and given hot to the woman who is suffering birth-pangs, she will give birth to a baby promptly; according to **Avicenna**, it has the cleansing, attractive, consuming, and dissolving virtues; **Avicenna** says that the virtue of this herb is mostly in its flower and foliage, and not in its root or stem, as we have said.




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156. **Ipoquisdidos**: i.e. **hypocistis**; cold and dry in the second degree. Its roots should be gathered in the spring and dried, and it will retain its efficacy for two years; it has the styptic and constrictive virtues, and it serves well against the choleric flux of the abdomen that is caused by weakness of the retentive virtue if it be mixed with rose water. If the powder of the same herb be mixed with **juice of plantain** and put as a plaster on the kidneys and **navel**, it will stop the flux of the abdomen. If the same plaster be put on the upper part of the stomach, it will stop vomiting. If a pessary be made of this herb and dipped in **juice of plantain** and put in the proper place, it will stop the flux of menstruation.


157. **Iouis barba**: i.e. **houseleek**; cold in the third degree and dry in the second degree; Platearius says that this herb serves for every purpose for which the common sorrel serves. If the juice of this herb be put warm in the ear, it will help with deafness. Take half a quart of the juice of houseleek, and the same amount of the juice of sorrel, and half a quart of vinegar, mix them together, and take powder of the **stinking iris**, fennel, parsley, **hart's tongue fern**, **maidenhair spleenwort** and root of horseradish, boil them well until it has been reduced in volume by a quarter, purify with honey and white of egg, and preserve it in a tin vessel; if this be drunk like any **oximel** it will open the oppilation of the liver, spleen, and kidneys.


158. **Iris**: i.e. the **stinking iris**; there are three names for it, i.e., **iris**, it has a purple flower; **irios**, it has a white flower; **gladiolas**, it has a yellow flower; this herb is hot and dry in the second degree.


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Its roots should be gathered at the end of spring, and it will retain its efficacy for two years; it has the laxative and diuretic virtues, and it opens the oppilation of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and bladder. It serves well against troubles of the respiratory organs, and against pain in the stomach caused by windiness. If powder of the herb be put in wounds, it will stop the development of **proud flesh**, and it will clean them. If an eye-wash be made of rose water and powder of the **stinking iris**, it will clear away a web or pearl from the eye. If the same herb be boiled in wine, this drink will be of benefit against gonorrhoea; it has the ability to purge the choleric humour; if powder of this herb be put in weeping wounds, it will help with ulceration; it is beneficial against **sciatica** and **podagra**.


159. **Ipofilia**: i.e. **brooklime**; it is a hot and dry herb; a plaster of this herb serves well against pain and to stop poisoning. If the same herb be boiled in **mutton broth** and given as a drink to horses, it will help with discharge from the nose. It serves in ointments and in warmed plasters to stop poisoning.
1. Of milk
2. of lettuce
3. of laudanum
4. of curled dock
5. of lapis lazuli
6. of magnet
7. of plantain
8. of spurge laurel


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11. of duckmeat
12. of lovage
13. of hare
14. of agate
15. of lycium
16. of lily
17. of stitchwort
18. of litharge
19. of liquorice
20. of common dock
21. of bugloss



**Lacc**:i.e. of milk; firstly of goat's milk which is moderate in its quality. Sheep's milk, which is gross and fatty. Cows' milk, which is thinner and richer. The best of all milks is goat's milk; every milk is at its best just as it comes from the udder; milk serves well for people with the dry *complexion*, unless there be humours in the stomach at the time. Milk is very harmful to people who have apostumes, externally or internally; it is harmful to people with [chronic] headache, and also in the case of every illness that is caused by the phlegmatic humour; milk is bad for people with wounds, and for people with painful brains, because it darkens the vision. In the case of illness of the eyes, it is good to express **mother's milk** into them, because this stops their inflammation, and relieves them. If freshly expressed milk be boiled by the use of [hot] stones or iron, this will relieve flux of the abdomen. As **Avicenna** says, milk


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from which the butter has been extracted serves well against a flux of the choleric humour, and for people with **phthisis**.


161. **Lactuca**: i.e. **lettuce**; cold and wet in the second degree; if it be pounded and applied as a plaster to the parts of the body where there is an excess of heat, this will relieve it. If it be applied with white of egg as a plaster to the forehead, it will provoke sleep in the acute fevers, and its efficacy and operation is the same as those of **portulaca**. Platearius says that this herb is temperate, and that its seed is colder than the herb itself; this herb serves well as a food for fever patients, and its seed as a medicine; Platearius says, on the authority of all the experts, that this herb is the most temperate of all the herbs, because it produces good blood; it increases the mother's milk, and it also increases the sperm; it is the right food for people with the choleric humour. It is appropriate, raw or cooked, for every hot *complexion*. If it be boiled in vinegar and sugar be put through it, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen. If the seed of this herb be pounded with white of egg through it, and it be applied as a plaster to the temples, it will provoke sleep. If this herb be rubbed on the nipples of the breasts, and so given in the mouth of the child, it will provoke sleep. Item, **Macer** says that if **wax** and this herb be taken with vinegar, it will comfort the stomach and relax the abdomen; but if it be taken regularly it will darken the vision. If it be boiled in water, and the water given to drink to fever patients, it will provoke sleep. If it be applied with oil as a plaster to apostumes, it will


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repercuss them; the reason why it is called **lactuca** is that **lac** is milk, and the herb has white milk in it, as we have said.


162. **Laudanum**: hot and wet in the first degree; it is best when it is clean, aromatic, brittle, and clear; it has the constraining, comforting and dissolving virtues, The experts say it is the gum ot a tree, and others says that it is something that grows in the company of a herb in the Great World. It a powder be made of it and put in the nostrils, this will help with the shaking, and will purge the **rheum**. If it be mixed with **mastix** and applied to the teeth, it will consolidate them. If it be put on hot coals and the fumes be allowed to the vagina, this will clean it and will induce menstruation. If a pessary be made of it and put in the vagina, it will clean it and help with **displacement of the uterus**. If five pills be made of **laudanum** and given after meals, this will relieve the digestion.


163. **Lapasium acutum**: i.e. **curled dock**; hot and dry in the third degree. If it be put as a plaster on the stomach, it will stop the pain and windiness. If it be boiled in milk and pig-meat as a potage, it will help with the flux of the abdomen that comes from coldness. If a stupe be made of the same herb in water, it will help with a scabby head and with every rash that comes on the skin. If it be boiled in wine and a sup of it be held in the mouth, it will help with toothache, and with swelling of the **uvula**. If the same herb be boiled in old wine or in cows' milk and drunk, this will help with pain in the stomach, the spleen and the intestines, and with the flux of dysentery. If its roots be boiled in pig lard, it will help with


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every swelling that comes from coldness. If it be boiled in wine and drunk, it will break urinary stones and induce menstruation. The juice of this herb together with **oil of walnut**, with **pitch**and fresh **wax** put through it, and this will help with any scabby head. If the same herb be boiled in oil and soap be put through it, it will help with any scabby head. If this herb be boiled in pig lard, it will ripen and burst apostumes; if the same herb be boiled in oil and **wax** be put in it, and it be rubbed as an ointment on the spleen, it will help with oppilation of the spleen. If the powder of this herb and powder of spurge be boiled in honey, it will help with the dropsy known as **leucophlegmantia**. If the juice of the same herb be taken with honey, it will kill all **worms** of the intestines. If the same juice with **juice of rue** be put in the nose, it will clean the brain of excess phlegmatic humour. If small discs be made of its roots and boiled in milk, this will help with asthma.


164. **Lapis lasuili**: i.e. a stone that is cold and dry in the first degree; principally, it purges the melancholic humour, because of its being heavy; it serves well against the swooning that is caused by the melancholic humour; it should be administered mixed with **Theodoricon anacardi**; it is to be noted that it is from this stone that the blue azure [pigment] is made. If the seed of fennel be boiled in wine and the powder of this stone be put through it, it will help with every disease of the spleen, as we have said.


165. **Lapis magnetis**: i.e. a stone; hot and dry in the third degree; the reason why it is called magnet is that **magnetes** in Greek means 


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‘blood’ in Irish, because it staunches all blood. If this stone be rubbed on a whetstone, with the juice of **shepherd's purse** between them, and a linen cloth be dipped in it and applied to the bleeding, this will staunch every bleeding. It is the proper nature of this stone to staunch every bleeding; according to **Alexander**, it has the attractive virtue; it is obtained on the shores of the **Mediterranean Sea**; any ship or boat in which there are iron nails and which sails on this sea, it draws them to it, and they are sunk. If powder of this stone together with **juice of fennel** be given, it will help with dropsy.


166. **Lansiolata**: i.e. **ribwort**; cold and dry; it has the same efficacy and operation as plantain. If it be applied to a suppurating wound, it will help with it. If the same juice be put on **erysipelas**, it will help with it. If a plaster of the same herb and pig lard be applied to hot joints, it will help with them. If the juice of this herb be drunk before the paroxysm of **quartan fever**, it will help. If the same juice be drunk in water by a woman who has not expelled the afterbirth, the expulsion will occur promptly. If the juice of the same herb together with vinegar be rubbed on the feet after walking, it will ease the tiredness. If the juice of the same herb be given in wine or ale, it will help with lesions of the bladder. If the same herb be boiled in water, and the water be applied to burns of fire or water, it will help promptly. Take juice of ribwort, eyebright, **juice of plantain**, soft borax, a little alum, and white of egg, mix them, and put them in the wound, and this will help with festering and
canker.




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167. **Lauriola**: i.e. a tree; hot and dry in the fourth degree; it purges violently; the fruit of the same tree is called **cocognidium**, and this is hot and dry likewise; the branches, foliage, and seed of this tree are usable for medical purposes; it purges, principally, the phlegmatic humour, and the viscous humours from the extremities of the body, such as the joints, the feet, and the head, and the likes. It purges the melancholic humour in the second place, and, for that reason, it is appropriate for people with **sciatica**,**apoplexy**, **epilepsy**, paralysis, **arthritis**, **podagra**, gout of the hand, and any phlegmatic illness; it purges the unnatural choleric humour, that is the lemon-coloured and the yolk-coloured choleric humours; **laureola** should be put in compound medicines such as **oximel** and the likes; it should not be given on its own, because it can cause excoriation of the intestines; it should be mixed with **gum arabic** and **bolus armenicus**; it should only be given to people who have stout intestines and have difficulty in going to stool; it is of the juice of the foliage of this tree that **oleum laurinum** is made.


168. **Lenticula acatica**: i.e. **duckweed**; it is cold, but to what degree is not known; this herb has the ability to counter poisoning and to repercuss; it serves well against a hot impostume such as carbuncle and **erysipelas**, i.e. take **duckweed**, tops of the wild valerian, houseleek, and white of hen-egg, mix them, and put them on the apostumes, and it will repercuss their excessive heat and soften the hard matter. Take **duckweed**, foliage of eyebright, tops of **violet**, foliage of red clover, and soft shoots of bramble, equal amounts of each, pound them, put mother's, milk through it, and, if it be applied


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to the eyes as an eye-wash, it will clean the eye and dry affected eye-lashes.


169. **Leuisticus**: i.e. **lovage**; hot and dry in the second degree; it has the diuretic, opening and attenuating virtues. Its root and seed serve best for medical purposes. If a plaster of this herb be put on the upper part of the stomach, it will stop its pain and coldness. If powder of this herb be boiled in wine, it will provoke menstruation and the urine; this herb will help with the bite of a mad dog if it be put as a plaster on the wound. If it be pounded with kernels of hazel nuts and put in the wound, it will help with any poison; take tops of **lovage**, alexanders, celery, red fennel, grey nettle, and chamomile, boil in fresh water as if for a bath, and give it in quantity to people with paralysis, and to people who have excesses under the skin; it retains its efficacy for four years. If it be boiled in wine, it will open the oppilation of liver and spleen. If the seed of this herb be eaten with powder of cinnamon, it will comfort the digestion, when given to eat in food and sauces and soups.




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170. **Lepus**: i.e. the **hare**; cold and dry by nature. If Its blood be put on the eyes, it will clean cataract and web of the eyes. If its head be burnt and powder made of it, and it be applied with oil to the head, the hair will grow. If the hare's head be burnt and eaten, it will help with the shaking of the limbs, and it will relieve paralysis. If the brain of the hare be roasted and rubbed on the gums of a child, the child's teeth will grow without pain. If its blood be consumed by people with dysentery, it will help them; it helps with apostumes of the intestines. If the **rennet** of the **hare** be consumed the third day after menstruation, the foetus will develop promptly. If powder be made of the blood of the hare in an earthenware vessel, and the powder of its skin be burnt and mixed with white wine, this will break the urinary stones, however long-standing they may be.


171. **Lapis agapidis**: i.e. a stone; cold and dry. If it be mixed with **apostolicon**, it will draw any iron from a wound. If the powder of this stone be mixed with juice of dock and put in the wounds, it will heal them and clean them. If two ounces of the powder of this stone be given with **juice of fennel**, it will help with dropsy and paralysis; **Rhases** says if the powder of this stone be given with **diaturbit**, agaric, and powder of **lapis lazuli**, and they be mixed with **juice of fennel** and **rue**, it will purge principally the phlegmatic humour, and secondarily the melancholic humour; a great deal is written about the merits of this stone in the Antidotary of **Avicenna**.




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p.571


172. **Lisium**: i.e. the gum of a tree; hot in the first degree and dry
in the second degree, as Platearius says; the other doctors say that it is the juice of a herb that grows in the eastern land. It should
be dried in the beginning of summer; it retains its efficacy for two years; it is called **oculus lucidus** i.e. it clears the eyes of their 
darkness, and brings them brightness; it has the cleansing and expelling virtues. If powder of **licium** with rose water be put on the eyes it will clean them and renew the vision. If powder of **licium** 
with rose water be rubbed on lesions of the mouth, it will promptly help them. If the same powder with pig lard be put in the **rectum** as a
suppository, it will relax the bowels without danger. If a pessary be made of pig fat and powder of **licium** be sprinkled on it, and it be put 
in the vagina, it will clean it and induce menstruation. If powder of 
**licium** and powder of **ceruse** be mixed with white of egg and applied to 
the face, it will clean it of its exudations.


173. **Lilium**: i.e. the lily; hot and wet in the first degree. If this herb be boiled with pig lard and applied to a burn of fire or water, it will help with it promptly. The same plaster against contraction of the nerves. Item, take lily, boil in common oil or in unsalted pig 
lard, press through a cloth, and rub on the baldness, and the hair will promptly grow. If the roots of the same herb be boiled in mead, 
it will relax the bowels gently. Item, if juice of the lily, a fourth part of vinegar, and a fourth part of honey, be boiled until it be thick, and it be pressed through a cloth and put in the wounds, it will help. If the juice of the lily be rubbed on the body before the fire, the person will perspire plentifully. Take roots of lily, boil


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p.572



in the ointment called **dialthaea**, allow it through a cloth, and rub it on the surface over the liver and the spleen, and this will open their 
oppilation and hardness.


174. **Linga auis**, **pigla**: i.e. **stitchwort**; hot and wet in the first degree; its efficacy is great when it is fresh, but small when it is dried. If this herb be boiled in wine, it will increase the sperm and induce sexual desire. Item, take the juice of this herb, and put it in the compounding of electuaries that are used to comfort the kidneys and the bladder, such as **benedicta** and the likes. If the same herb be boiled in **tisane of barley**, it will greatly comfort people with **phthisis**. If the juice of the same herb with sugar be taken, it will serve likewise for people with **phthisis** and high temperature. The juice of the same herb with **tragacanth** serves well for excessive heat of the members.


175. **Litairgirum**: i.e. **dross of silver**; temperately cold and wet; 
this name may be applied to the **dross of gold**; it has the constraining and healing virtues; this name may be applied to the **dross of tin**, and 
it is this that is most used for medical purposes, because it cleans the bones of their exudations and their foulness, and it also cleans the scabby head that is caused by the choleric humour or the salted phlegmatic humour. If the powder of these drosses be put on the scabbiness, it will help with every scabby head. If the same powder with rose water be put on the penis, it will help with the swelling and redness. Item, if litharge be pounded finely and mixed with vinegar or with barley water, it will stop the flux of dysentery. If


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p.573



the same dross be made red hot and immersed in vinegar nine times, and the vinegar be applied as an eye-wash to the eyes, it will help with cataract and darkness of the eyes.


176. **Licrisi**: .i.e. **liquorice**; hot and wet in the first degree; the doctors say it is the root of a tree; it is best when it is slender and tough, and a deep yellow in colour; it is worst when it is white, light and easily broken; Platearius says that it is good for every illness of the chest, pleurisy, and pneumonia, especially if the water in which **liquorice** has been boiled be given to them to drink, this will greatly comfort them. Item, take **liquorice**, and boil it in wine, and it will help with any cough. Item, if an electuary be made of the **juice of liquorice** and of honey, it will be of help in cases of illness of the chest. Item, if **liquorice** be chewed and kept under the
tongue, it will stop the thirst and it will relieve roughness of the tongue and of the throat as we have said.


177. **Lapasium**: i.e. the **dock**; hot and dry in the third degree; there are three sorts of it, **lapatium rotundum**, i.e. the **broad-leaved dock**; **lapatium acutum**, i.e. the **curled dock**; and **lapatium domesticum**, i.e. the **cultivated dock**. Platearius says they have the dissolving, attenuating and opening virtues. If juice of dock, **oil of walnut** and pitch, equal amounts of each, be boiled in strong wine, and powder of the **tartar of wine** be put through them, and they be boiled again as with ointments, it will help with every sort of scabby head. If juice of dock and honey be mixed together and a spoonful be drunk fasting in the morning, it will kill the **lumbrici**, i.e. the **long worms**. Item, if


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p.574



juice of dock and **juice of rue** be put in the nostrils in small amounts in hot weather, it will clear the brain of excess phlegmatic humour.


178. **Linga b*o*uina**: i.e. **bugloss**; hot in the first degree and wet in the second degree, according to **Avicenna**. If this herb be drunk regularly in wine, it will expel the burnt choleric humour. If the same herb be drunk in wine, it will stop loss of memory. If the same herb be boiled in wine, it will help with the hiccup that is caused by 
the melancholic humour. If the same herb be drunk in wine or in ale for twenty days, it will help with festering.
1. Of mace
2. of red clover
3. of manna
4. of pomegranate
5. of horehound
6. of marrow
7. of mastix
8. of honey
9. of pearls
10. of balm
11. of melicratum
12. of mint
13. of annual mercury
14. of yarrow
15. of bog myrtle
16. of myrrh


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p.575

19. of black nightshade
20. of devil's bit scabious
21. of devil's bit scabious
22. of mummy
23. of mandragora
24. of myrobalans
25. of crab apple
26. of blackberry and mulberry
27. of spignel
28. of haws.



179. **Mas**: *mace*; hot and dry in the second degree; it is the skin of a tree, or the husk of the nut called **muscata**, and that is the truer view of it; it has the consuming, comforting and dissolving virtues; the best colour for it to be is off-red; the best taste for it to have is a sharp taste; it retains its efficacy for nine years. If it be boiled in strong wine and drunk, it will comfort the stomach, and if held in the mouth for a long while it will cleanse the brain. Item, if **mace** be boiled in **juice of fennel** until it just reaches boiling point, and the same amount of strong wine be put through it, and it be strained well, it will help with the cold dropsy, with the coldness of the stomach, and with the asthma that is caused by coldness, and it will expel the viscous phlegmatic humour from the chest and the brain. Item, if mace be pounded finely and the same amount of **mastix** put through it, and it be mixed with the **oil of roses**, and fresh **wax** be put in it, and it be applied to the upper part of the stomach as a plaster, it will help with the pain and the indigestion. Item, if


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powder be made of mace and it be put in food or drink, this will help with heart-burn.


180. **Maccula trifolium**: i.e. **red clover**; hot and dry in the first degree; it has the diuretic and comforting virtues. If it be boiled in wine together with its flower, it will comfort the stomach and stop its windiness. Item, if the same herb together with **burnet** be boiled in wine, it will open the oppilation of the kidneys and bladder. If the flower of the same herb be eaten, it will help with bad breath; it retains its efficacy for four years, in its flower and its seed. If the seed of the same herb be put in soups and food, it will give them a good smell, and will comfort the stomach powerfully.


**Manna**: temperately hot and wet; some people say it is the juice of a herb, and others say it is a heavenly dew that descends on diuretic herbs in the **Holy Land**; it has the virtue of cleaning the blood. If **manna** and **cassia fistula** be mixed together and given in the acute fevers, it will relax the bowels gently and stop the pain. Platearius says if **manna** be held for a long while in the mouth, it will stop the thirst and the roughness of the tongue. Item, if **manna**, sugar candy and **liquorice** be mixed together, it will be a suitable medicine in the acute fevers; of all sweet things, there is none so sweet as the true **manna**. The doctors say that the virtue and operation of **manna** are the same as those of **cassia fistula**; it purges the choleric humour in the first place, and the melancholic humour in the second place; it serves well for people with tertian fever and for people with the **jaundice** that is caused by the choleric humour. It



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p.577



makes up for the lack of appetite that comes from the increase of choleric humour and from distemper of the liver, and it comforts every illness that comes from the choleric humour. If it be given in warm water it will relax the abdomen and stop the excessive heat of the choleric humour.


182. **Mala granata**: i.e. **pomegranates**; cold and dry in the second degree; they are obtained in **Spain**; they have the comforting, styptic and drying virtues; they stop every flux of blood and every choleric vomiting. **Ysaac** says to apply the juice of **pomegranates** to the eyes which are affected by **jaundice**, and this will help them. Item, if the skin of **pomegranates** be finely pounded and honey be put through it, and this be applied to the eyes as an eye wash, this will clean them. Item, if juice of **pomegranates**, sugar and vinegar of white wine be mixed as an acid **syrup** and given to people with acute fever, it will comfort them. Item, if the skin of **pomegranates** be mixed with **juice of plantain** and applied as a pessary, it will help with the flux of menstruation. Item, if juice of **pomegranates** be taken and a linen cloth be dipped in it and put on the forehead and the temples, this will stop the flux of blood from the nose and the excessive heat of the acute fevers.


183. **Marubium**: i.e. **horehound**; hot in the second degree and dry in the third degree. If this herb be boiled in wine or in mead together with root of the yellow flag, this will help with the **phthisis** and weakness that are caused by cold matter. If the same herb be rubbed in water and a drink of it be given to a woman who is in labour, she will give 


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p.578



birth to the baby forthwith. If the same herb together with raw honey be put in wounds, it will clean them and cure the festering. If the same herb be rubbed in wine, and it be drunk, this will cure the headache that is caused by coldness. Item, if an eye wash be made of the juice of the same herb together with wine and honey, it will clean cataract of the eyes. Item, if the juice of the same herb be put warm in the ear, it will expel the **worms** of the ear; it is not good for people with disease of the kidneys or of the bladder to use this herb. If this herb be boiled in wine and given against **ileus** and **colic**, it will help with them. If the same herb be drunk in wine, it will induce the afterbirth promptly.


184. **Medulla**: i.e. **marrow**; the best of all marrows is that of deer and calf, then the marrow of the bull, then that of goat, and after that the **marrow** of sheep; these marrows all have a softening effect; if they are not digested, they will reduce the appetite and trouble the stomach; according to **Avicenna**, they should not be eaten except with pepper, because, according to **Ysaac**, if they are eaten without pepper they will give rise to an aversion in the throat.


185. **Masdix**: i.e. the gum of a tree that grows in **Greece**. Hot and dry in the second degree. If **mastix** be pounded and white of egg be put through it, and it be applied as a plaster on the forehead and temples, it will stop the heat and redness of the eyes and the tears, and stop the flow of matter to them. Item, if powder of **mastix** be mixed with soft **wax** and applied as a plaster to the stomach, it will stop vomiting. Item, take the seed of fennel, pound it well and boil


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p.579



it in wine together with **mastix**, and drink it, and it will relieve the stomach of its windiness and pain; it should not be boiled much, and it should not be given hot.


186. **Mel**: i.e. honey; hot in the first degree and dry in the second degree; there are two sorts of it, white honey and red honey. The white honey is found in beehives, and the red honey is found in the trees. The white honey is put into the cold medicines, and the red honey is put into the hot medicines. It has the cleaning, smoothing and preservative virtues; it preserves anything that is put into it in its own efficacy and nature. If it be kept raw, it will retain its efficacy for forty years; it is hot and diuretic; there are three reasons why it is used for medical purposes. The first reason is that it is penetrating in bringing the virtue and power of the medicine to the parts of the body. The second reason is that it is sweet and overcomes the bitterness of any medicine. The third reason is that it has the virtue of preserving the characteristics of everything, whether hotness or coldness; honey serves better for people of cold complex than for those of hot complex, because it greatly increases the choleric humour; it serves well against the cold humours that occur in the stomach; this is how it serves: make the drink called **mulsa**, i.e. eight parts water and one part honey, because this dissolves and expels the cold humours from the internal organs. Item, honey and **bile of bull** rubbed on the face cleans it of exudations and drives away pimples from the face; it also serves to rub warm water and honey on the face as this will clean it in the same way. Item, Platearius says to mix honey and wine together and this will help with


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p.580



swooning; suppositories made of honey and salt serve well for people with hot fevers who are constipated.




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p.581


187. **Margarite**: i.e. **pearls**; this stone is cold and dry, and it is found in shells; the way it grows is, when the shell-fish swallows, it takes in a lot of the heavenly dew, and it closes around it, so that the stone is formed that is called the pearl. The pearl which has a natural hole in it is best, if it be white in colour; it has the virtue of comforting the heart, and they are put in comforting electuaries called **diamargariton**. Take note, if you wish the pearl to be white, give it to eat to a pet pidgeon, allow it in her stomach for three or four hours, then open the bird and take the stone out, and it will be clean, bright and shiny after that.


188. **Mellago**: i.e. balm; hot and dry in the second degree; its efficacy is great both fresh and dried; it should be dried in the sun at first, and preserved in a cool place, and it will retain its efficacy for a year; it has the dissolving and consuming virtues. If it be boiled in wine or ale and drunk, it will help with swelling and pain of the abdomen, and it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen. If the smell of it be frequently applied to the nose, it will comfort the brain. If its foliage be boiled in wine and put hot on the top of the head, it will stop the flow of **rheum** and headache. If the same herb be put in a bath, and the woman be immersed in it up to her belly, it will provoke menstruation very well.


189. **Mellicratum**: i.e. a drink that is made of honey and wine, two parts wine and one part honey; this drink greatly comforts the nature.


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p.582



When *hyssop* and **sage** are boiled in this drink, it is of benefit against every illness of the chest. If roasted white bread be dipped in this drink, it will cure heartburn and swooning promptly.


190. **Menta**: i.e. mint; hot and dry in the second degree; it greatly comforts the stomach and the digestion. If it be given fasting *in the morning* it will kill the **worms** that are in the body internally. If it be boiled in water and a fomentation be made of it for the testicles, it will help with their swelling, and it will help also against hardness and swelling of the breasts. If mint and salt be pounded together and applied to the bite of a mad dog, it will help it immediately, and it will not be affected by poison thereafter. To prevent **conception**, put juice of mint in the vagina, and the woman will not become pregnant. If juice of mint be rubbed on cheese, it will not go off, however long it be on hands. If mint be dried, it will retain its efficacy for a year. If mint be boiled in vinegar and the teeth washed in it, this will relieve the pain, and consolidate the teeth, and it will help with bad breath. If powder of pepper and cinnamon be eaten with juice of mint as a sauce, it will comfort the digestion. Item, if mint be boiled in vinegar and drunk, it will stop vomiting. If tops of mint be boiled in vinegar and put as a plaster on the kidneys, this will clean the womb for the women. If a handful of tops of mint be boiled in wine and applied hot to the **navel**, it will help with **colic** and **ileus**.


191. **Mercurialis**: i.e. annual mercury; cold and wet in the first degree; it has a viscous character, and a softening virtue; it purges


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p.583



the choleric humour from the liver and the intestines, in the first place, and the melancholic humour in the second place. If the juice of this herb be given raw with sugar, it will gently purge the aforesaid humours. When it is boiled, it loses the laxative virtue. If the same herb be boiled in butter or in pig lard, and pressed through a cloth and given as a salve, it will help with the cough and illness of the chest. If mercury be boiled in pig meat and the meat and the soup be eaten before the purgative is taken, it will soften the intestines and the internal passages, and make them smooth. If it be boiled in vinegar and drunk, it will expand the spleen, if it has been contracted by excess of the choleric humour. Item, boil the same herb in water and put pig lard, honey and salt into it, and administer it as a clyster, and this will relax the intestines comfortably and gently.


192. **Mellifolium**: 
i.e. **yarrow**; it is hot and dry; it serves well against the urinary stone, and against the **quotidian fever**. Item, take three branchlets of **yarrow** and give it for three days to the patient; then, if he vomits he will not come through, and if he does not vomit, he will survive. The same herb serves well against **arthritis** and **podagra**. If the same herb be placed inside your shoe when your are going to meet someone, or to a public meeting, you will have the gift of the gab as long as it remains there.


193. **Mirtuis**: i.e. the **bog myrtle**; cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; it is better fresh than dried. If the seeds be dried in the sun, they will retain their efficacy for two years, while


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p.584



the foliage retains its efficacy for three years; it has the retentive virtue on account of its tartness, and the comforting virtue on account of its being aromatic; it is for that reason that it serves well against choleric vomiting, flux of the abdomen, and the flux of menstruation, when they are caused by weakness of the retentive virtue and sharpness of the humours. If the seeds of this herb be pounded with the white of egg, and it be applied as a plaster on the stomach, it will stop the vomiting. If the same plaster be put on the kidneys, it will stop the flux of menstruation. If the same herb be boiled in water and a bath be made of it, and the ill person be put sitting in it, this will stop the flux of dysentery and of menstruation. Item, take the seeds of this herb, roots of madder, agrimony, and meadow sweet, and roots of avens, boil them in water and put honey or sugar in it, and, if this be drunk in the morning and before going to bed, it will help the wounds.


194. **Mirra**: i.e. **myrrh**; hot and dry in the second degree; it is the gum of tree that grows in India; it is best when coloured red or golden yellow; it retains its efficacy for a hundred years; it is obtained in the summer time by striking the tree with an axe, causing the gum to flow out of it. If **myrrh** be placed on red coals, and the fumes allowed into the mouth, this will help with a bad smell on the breath. If powder of **myrrh** be held under the teeth and rubbed on them, it will consolidate them and it will also make the breath good. Item, if a **pill** be made of **storax** and **myrrh** and held in the mouth, it will prevent migration of the **rheum**, and it will help with catarrh. If the same **pill** be put on coals and the fumes be received into the


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p.585



mouth, it will comfort the digestion. If **myrrh** and fig apples be boiled in wine and drunk, it will powerfully comfort the digestion.
If it be put on red coals and the fumes be allowed into the orifice of the womb, this will clean it and it will comfort the conceiving virtue. If the same fumes be allowed to the **anus**, it will help with **tenesmus**, as we have said.


195. **Morella**: i.e. the **black nightshade**; cold and dry in the second degree. If two drops of the juice of this herb be put in the ear, it will help with the pain caused in the ear by hotness. If a plaster of this herb be put on the forehead, it will help with headache caused by hotness. If the juice of the same herb be rubbed on a rash or on pimples caused by hotness, it will help with them. If the juice of the same herb and wheaten meal be put on erysipelas and canker, it will help with them. The same herb may be boiled in a **tisane of barley** and given against the hot impostumes that occur in the internal organs. Item, if a red flannel be dipped in the juice of this herb and applied over the spleen, it will stop its excessive heat; if it be applied to the joints, it will help with the **podagra** that comes from hotness, as we have said. 


196. **Morsus demonis**: i.e. the bite of the devil i.e. **scabious**; cold and dry in the first degree. If it be rubbed in wine and drunk, it will comfort the stomach, open the oppilation of the liver and spleen, and dry the immoderate wateriness of the blood. If it be rubbed in water and drunk, it will clean out the exudations of the vagina. Item, take **scabious**, **fumiter**, **heart's ease**, **bugloss**, **roots of tansy**,


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p.586


**roots of avens**, **hound's tongue** and **yarrow**, pound those herbs, put them into **strong ale**, add skimmed honey ad lib.; if it be drunk in the morning and before going to bed, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen and of the vagina, and it will clean the blood suitably.


197. **Muscus**: i.e. a spice; hot and dry in the second degree; Platearius says what **musk** is, i.e., a liquid substance found in boils occurring on certain animals in India; those animals are like goats, and it is near their knees that the boils occur. There are three colours, a black colour completely, a black colour in part, and an off-red colour, the best being the off-red. If the smell of it be applied to the nose, it will help with swooning and every weakness of the heart; it has the comforting virtue because of being aromatic, and the dissolving virtue because of its own qualities. If **musk** be applied to the nose regularly, it will help with **displacement of the uterus**, and with every weakness of the animal virtue. If **musk** be placed in the vagina, it will induce **conception**. Item, if **musk** be put in oil until it melts, and wool or cotton be dipped in it and put in the vagina, it does the same; if it be held in the mouth, it will stop a bad smell on the breath. If **musk** be rubbed between the palms of your hands in a stream or lake, the fish will come to you, especially the pike. If powder of **musk** be rubbed on the armpits, it will help with their foulness, called **hircus**, as we said before.


198. **Mumia**: i.e. a type of spice which is hot and dry in the third degree; this is how it is obtained in **Babylonia** and in the country of


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p.587



the pagans and Saracens, i.e. when one of their lords is being buried, a great deal of **myrrh**, balsam, and other expensive and aromatic spices is put around him in the coffin; when the human body and these other things decompose, they turn into a fine powder; there is nothing in the world that smells better than it; when the coffin is exhumed, this fine powder is found amongst the bones; it has the constraining virtue, and the ability to stop a flow of blood; it serves well for people with **haemoptysis**, i.e. those who emit blood from the mouth, and also against the flux of menstruation. It serves well to inhale from this gum in the times of the bad, corrupt, air.


199. **Mandragora**: i.e. the root of a herb that is cold and dry; the degree is not to be found in the authorities; there are two sorts of it, a feminine sort and a masculine sort; some of the doctors say that it is to be found under gallows, and that it is the semen that drips from the gallows to the ground which causes it to come into being, and its root is in the shape of a human being. If the skin of this root be preserved, it will retain its efficacy for three years. It has the repercussive, clotting and killing virtues. If it be placed under a person's head, it will provoke sleep. If the powder of this root together with white of egg be applied to the forehead, it will help with headache, and it will provoke sleep likewise. If this powder be given in wine to drink, it will repercuss the hot internal apostumes. Many other merits of **Mandragora** are described in the books, but we will omit them here.




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p.588


200. **Mirbulani**: 
the fruit of a tree that grows in **India**; there are five sorts of it, all of them cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree; every sort of them has the laxative virtue. The first sort of them is the **citrine myrobalans**; this is heavy, with a yellow colour; it purges the choleric humour principally, and the melancholic humour secondarily; this sort is appropriate for people with **jaundice** and tertian fever, and against immoderateness of the liver and spleen, and against the lack of appetite when this was reduced by excess of the choleric humour; it cleans the stomach and the intestines, and it expels the water of the dropsy called ascites and tympanites; it should be administered with whey of goat's milk or with **juice of fumiter**; none of the sorts of myrobalans should be boiled, they should be given cold, because to boil them deprives them of their efficacy. The second sort, called **myrobalans chebuli**, is much better than the aforesaid sort, it is less bitter, the styptic virtue dominates more in it, it slightly relaxes the bowel and purges the melancholic humour; it mostly creates the burnt *humours*; consequently, it is appropriate for people with false **quartan fever**, heartburn, and swooning caused by the melancholic humour, and against the oppilation of the liver and spleen, and the flux of **piles**, and against the darkening of the vision caused by the fumes of the melancholic humour; this sort of myrobalans is put into compound medicines with **rhubarb** and diuretic seeds against darkness of the vision as we have said. The third sort, **myrobalans indi**, has an effect between that of **citrini** and **chebuli**, because the choleric humour is not greatly purged by **citrini**, but the melancholic humour is greatly purged by **chebuli**. The fourth sort, **myrobalans emblici**, purges the melancholic humour


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p.589



principally, and the phlegmatic humour secondarily. The fifth sort, **myrobalans bellerici**, likewise purges the melancholic humour principally and the choleric humour secondarily. The doctors say that all the myrobalans purge from the liver, from the stomach, from the veins called the mesenteric veins, and from the extremities, as we have said before.


201. **Mala masiana**: i.e. **crab apples**; cold and dry; the degree is not to be found in the books of Platearius; they have the constraining virtue. Take these wild apples and the soft shoots of bramble, pound them and boil them in vinegar, and apply it to the kidneys or the groin, and it will help with dysentery. Sweet apples create a great deal of windiness. The styptic wild apples should be given after food, raw or cooked; they greatly serve to people recovering from illness who have indigestion in their stomachs; they should be given as follows, i.e., cut the apples across, take out the pips that are inside, and fill with these powders: powder of cloves, **nutmeg**, and lignum aloes, and if these are not to be had, put in powder of ***cumin*** on its own, or pepper; roast them and eat them after meals, and this will greatly comfort the digestion. Item, if the pulp of the same apple be roasted and mixed with alum and borax and put on canker, it will help with it for sure, as we have said.


202. **Mora selsi**: i.e. **blackberries**; they are cold and dry; there is another sort of them which is hot and dry, and which grow on trees; the berries that grow on brambles have the dissolving virtue, and they serve well against quinsy, elongation of the **uvula**, and scrofula.


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p.590



They may be put in the electuary called **diamoron**. If the juice of blackberries and honey be boiled together, they will serve instead of **diamoron**, and it will retain its efficacy for ten years. If the juice of blackberries be given on their own, or together with food, they will kill the **worms** of the stomach and the intestines, and they will relax the abdomen.


203. **Melli**: i.e. a herb; hot and dry in the second degree, and it is its root which is called by this name; it is because of its sweetness that it is called by this name; it has the diuretic virtue because of its fineness, and the attractive virtue because of its own qualities. If it be boiled in wine or water and drunk, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen, It should be boiled in water in the summer time for young people who have that oppilation. It should be boiled in wine in cold weather for old people who have the aforesaid oppilation. If powder be made of the roots of the same herb, and powder of the seed of fennel be put through it, and it be given in food or drink, it will soothe the digestion and comfort the internal organs. Item, if the same herb be boiled in wine and applied hot to the **anus** it will help with **tenesmus**. Item, if an electuary be made of powder of meu and honey, it will greatly comfort the digestion.


204. **Mesbili**: .i. **haws**; cold and dry in the first degree; they comfort the stomach, stop a choleric defecation, and provoke the urine; they serve better for medical purposes than for food, because they nourish the body but slightly, and, so far as they nourish, it is the gross


---

p.591



sanguine humour that they generate; they should be taken before meals, and then they will comfort the stomach and all the nervous organs likewise.
1. Of watercress
2. of mustard
3. of flower of water lily
4. of catmint
5. of walnut
6. of nutmeg
7. of almonds



205. **Nastursium**: i.e. **watercress**; hot and dry in the second degree; if it be boiled in water or with meat and eaten, it will clean the stomach and the respiratory organs of the cold humours. If it be boiled in wine and oil and eaten, it will help with **stranguria** and **dysuria**. If **watercress** be boiled in butter or oil and put on the **navel**, it will cure **colic** and **ileus**. If a fomentation be made of **watercress** for the **anus**, and its fumes be allowed to the **anus**, it will help with **tenesmus**; if it be applied hot to the **navel**, it will help with **colic**, as we have said.


206. **Napeum**, **sinapium**: i.e. the two names of **mustard**; it is hot and dry in the fourth degree; its seed is of greater efficacy than the herb itself; it attenuates the gross humours in the chest and in the brain, it provokes the urine and menstruation, and it drives away sorrow and depression for a person. If a plaster of this seed, dry


---

p.592



figs, flour of white bread, honey and vinegar, all mixed together, be applied to the joints, it will help with any illness of the joints. The oil that is made from **mustard** is effective against every illness of the nerves and against paralysis. If the seed of this herb be held in the mouth, it will help with toothache caused by coldness. A plaster of **mustard meal** and pig lard will help with exudations and rash of the skin. If a plaster of **mustard meal**, dry figs, and honey be put on the head after it has been shaved, this will help with **lithariga**. Item, if a plaster of **mustard meal**, honey, and pig lard be put on the head, the hair will grow, and it will help with any baldness. If **mustard** be taken before the paroxysm of **quotidian fever**, it will help with it, as we have said.


207. **Nenufar**: 
i.e. the flower of the water lily; cold and wet in the second degree; the roots of the same herb are called **ungula cabalina**. The flowers of the same herb should be gathered in the month of July and dried in a cool place, and they will retain their efficacy for two years. If the flowers of this herb be boiled in water of **liquorice**, it will serve well against excessive heat of the respiratory organs; the same water is the right thing against the acute fevers, such as intermittent tertian fever, **causon**, and the likes. Furthermore, the face, temples, and pulses generally should be washed in that water in cases of acute fevers. If a plaster of the foliage of the same herb be put over the liver, it will stop the **jaundice** and the excessive heat of the liver. To thicken the hair which is falling out because of hot matter, pound the roots of this herb, put them into a bath, and wash the head in it; this herb is better in the hot countries than in


---

p.593



the cold countries; the **syrup** of this flower serves well in the acute illnesses. This is how it is made: boil a quantity of the flower of this herb in water, strain it, and put sugar in it, and this will make a **syrup**. If the flowers of this herb be put in cold water for a night, and applied the following morning, without being pounded, to the forehead, it will induce sleep in the acute fevers, and it will stop the headache; if it be applied to the pulses, it will stop the heart from beating too fast.




---

p.594


208. **Nepta**: i.e. **catmint**; hot and dry in the third degree; if it be boiled in wine and drunk, it will provoke sweating all over. If the same herb be boiled and drunk and rubbed on the pulses, it will help with the paroxysm of **quartan fever**. If the same herb be pounded on its own and applied as a plaster to the hollow behind the knees, it will help with pain of the back and kidneys, and it will draw to itself the viscous humours that occur in those parts of the body. If the same herb be boiled in wine, it will provoke menstruation. If the same herb be boiled in wine and given against the skin disease that comes from coldness, it will not develop further. If the same herb be given in wine or in ale, it will help with the bite of a mad dog. If the juice of the same herb be drunk, it will kill **worms**. If the same juice be put in the ears, it will kill the **worms** in the ears. Pregnant women should not use this herb. If the same herb be boiled in wine or ale, it will help with the asthma that comes from coldness, tightness of the chest, oppilation of the spleen, pain in the stomach, and hiccup. If the same herb be finely pounded and put on the apostumes, it will help with their bad colour, and it will clean them.


209. **Nux magna**: i.e. **walnut**; cold and wet in the second degree; its foliage has an efficient styptic virtue, and so has the skin of this tree on which this nut grows, for which reason it stops every flux of blood. If the foliage of this tree be pounded together with **rue** and honey be put through it, it will help with pain of the nerves. The same oil which is made from the kernels of this nut will help with the


---

p.595



canker which occurs near the eyes and in the breasts, as **Avicenna** says. If a person were to sleep in the shade of this tree, it would be the cause of producing many illnesses. If the juice of the skin of this nut be given together with sugar, it will help with **stranguria**. If the juice of the same tree be given together with vinegar in the fevers that come with shivering and coldness, it will promptly help with them. If the kernels of this nut be eaten with **juice of rue**, it will help with every poison, and if they be eaten regularly, they will generate hot choleric humours, especially in the hot complexes. If the kernels of **walnut** be pounded with honey through them, it will help with the hard apostumes that are produced by the melancholic humour, as we have said.


210. **Nux muscata**: i.e. **nutmeg**; hot and dry in the second degree; it is the fruit of a tree that grows in **India**; they retain their efficacy for seven years; this nut is best when it is heavy and firm with no holes in it; it has the comforting virtue from its being aromatic, and the consuming and dissolving virtues from its own qualities. Half of this nut may be given [in the morning} fasting against the coldness of the stomach and indigestion, and a good colour is imparted to the face with its aid. If **nutmeg** and mace be boiled in wine and given [in the morning] fasting, Platearius confirms the efficacy of this against the coldness of the respiratory organs or the internal organs. Item, if ***cumin*** and **nutmeg** be boiled in wine, it will have the same effect. If the same nut be held for a long time in the mouth, it will comfort the brain. **Rhases** says if **nutmeg** and ***cubebs*** and mace be eaten before meals, this will help with foul breath, and, if it be eaten after


---

p.596



meals, it will cause drunkenness. **Nutmeg** should be put in the compound electuaries that comfort the brain and the heart, such as **diapenidion**, **diaradon**, **diaciminum** and **diagalanga**, and the likes, as we have said.


211. **Nux longa**: i.e. sweet almonds; hot and wet in the middle of the first degree; the bitter almonds are hot and dry in the end of the second degree; **Galen** says that there is an element of bitterness in all the almonds; they nourish in the same way as hazel nuts; they are gross in substance; they are not favourable to the digestion in accordance with the grossness of their substance, and they are harmful to the stomach, according to **Ysaac**. They serve well for people with tightness of the chest and dryness of the lungs and kidneys, they provoke the urine, and they cause oppilation of the liver, for which reason it said that bitter almonds should be given as medicine, and sweet almonds as food. The oil that is made of sweet almonds serves well for diseases of the chest, when given to eat with honey and sugar. **Ysaac** says that almonds are best when they are fresh and still retain their natural wetness, and they are bad when old. If they are eaten when they are still young, they will stop the excessive heat of the stomach and chest. When bitter almonds are eaten, they cause the body to grow thin, they dissolve the gross humours from the chest and lungs, they open the oppilation of the liver and spleen, they dissolve the gross windiness that occurs in the intestine called **colon**, they clean the exudations of the kidneys and womb, and they relieve constipation of the abdomen. If the skin that is on them outside be taken off them and put in the vagina, it will powerfully provoke


---

p.597



menstruation; it will expel all putrid humours that are in the body; it will stop pain of the abdomen; it will provoke sleep. If it be given together with juice of mint, it will stop a flux of blood. If it be given with the juice of **burnet**, it will break the urinary stone. If it be mixed with vinegar and the face be washed in it, it will clean it of any exudations. If milk of bitter almonds be given together with wine, it will give great relief from a viscous fever.
1. Of olibanum
2. of opopanax
3. of eggs
4. of bone of stag's heart
5. of barley



212. **Olibanum**: hot and dry in the second degree; it is the gum of a tree that is found in the city called **Alexandria**, and it is also found in the city called **Damascus**; it is best when clear in colour. It has the comforting and healing virtues, and it retains its efficacy for a long time when kept. If **olibanum** and **mastix** be mixed with wine and white of egg and applied to the temples and the forehead, it will stop the flow of the humours to the eyes and to the teeth. If it be held under the teeth, it will help with elongation of the **uvula**, and it will prevent the flow of the humours to the chest and to the lungs. If **pills** be made of the same gum, and five or four of them be given before going to bed, it will help with the acid eructation, and it will comfort the digestion. If the same gum be put on red coals, and the fumes allowed to the vagina, it will induce the foetus without


---

p.598



delay. If powder of **olibanum** be put In vinegar until It dissolves in it, and a linen cloth be dipped in it then, and it be applied to women's breasts that are too big, it will marvellously reduce them. If raw **olibanum** be boiled in white wine and pressed through a linen cloth and applied as an eye-wash to the eyes, it will clear the sight.


213. **Opoponax**: ‘opo’ is the same in Greek as ‘sugh’ (juice) in Irish, and ‘ponax’ in the same language is the same as ‘luibh’ (herb) in Irish, because it is the juice of a herb that is obtained in the East. It is hot and dry in the third degree; Platearius directs to make small **pills** of it and to give them in a soft egg, and this will help with the breathing difficulty called asthma. Item, if it be put in **juice of wormwood** for a day and a night, and strained the next day, and sugar and honey be put in it, and it be drunk the next day fasting, it will help with the dropsy that comes from coldness, and every other cold symptom that comes from the fevers. If it be put on red coals and the fumes be allowed to the nose, it will help with **lethargia**. If the same thing be put in juice of the skin of the root of **elder** for a night, and it be pressed the following day, and it be given warm with sugar, it will help with dropsy and with the cold illnesses in general. If **opopanax** be put on red coals and the fumes be allowed to the vagina, this will provoke the after-birth and it will induce the dead foetus that is there. If a pessary be made of the same thing together with **mugwort**, and cotton be dipped in it and put in the vagina, it will induce menstruation. If **opopanax** be given with the **juice of wormwood** and honey, it will kill any **worms** that occur in people or in horses.




---

p.599


214. **Ouua**: i.e. **eggs**; every egg is hot and wet, and it said that there is wetness both in their yolks and their whites. When the yolk is roasted, it has the retentive virtue. Of all eggs, the eggs of hens are best, and they are more to be praised when they are fresh than when they are old. The eggs of birds who live on water are not to be praised, according to **Avicenna**, because bad humours are generated by them. He says also that the white of all eggs has the ability to counter poison, especially the white of hen eggs. **Avicenna** says that the best way to eat them is to boil them in water and to eat them soft; according to **Avicenna**, the yolk is recommended for nourishment rather than the white. If the yolk of eggs be eaten soft, this will help with roughness of the voice, and of the throat, and with tightness of the chest, and it will serve for people with pleurisy, and those with hectic fever or **haemoptysis**. **Avicenna** directs to boil an egg in vinegar until it is hard and to eat it, and this will help with dysentery.


215. **Os de corde serui**: 
i.e. the bone that is in the heart of the deer; it is cold and dry, but the degree is not to be found in Platearius' book; it occurs in the left side of the heart, and it is generated from the blood of the heart itself; it is a soft substance at first, until it hardens into a sort of bone; a similar bone occurs in the heart of the goat, and is sold as being this bone. The difference between them is that the bone of the heart of the deer is off-red, while the bone of the heart of the goat is white and soft; the bone of the heart of the deer retains its efficacy for thiry years, if it be dried in the sun first; it has the virtue of


---

p.600



comforting the heart and of cleaning the blood. If the gratings of this bone be boiled in juice of borage and given to a person who suffers from swooning or heartburn, it will help him immediately. If the powder of the same bone be given in wine, it will help with the flux of blood of the **piles**; **Avicenna** describes many merits of this bone.


216. **Ordium**: i.e. **barley**; cold and dry in the second degree; in Platearius' book, it is highly recommended for use in medicine, because **tisane of barley** is made from it; it serves well for people with fever, as Hippocrates says in the book, Regimen acutorum morborum, and also in the first book of his Aphorisms. It serves against apostumes generally, whether hot or cold, i.e. **barley meal** and vinegar to repercuss the hot apostumes at the early stage, and **barley meal** and yolk of egg to mature them when they have developed. **Barley meal**, **pitch**and honey to mature the cold apostumes. **Galen** says that of all grains the **barley** is the grain which most nourishes accidentally, while wheat is the grain that most nourishes naturally. **Ysaac** says to boil **barley**, pound it in a mortar, and make a potage of it in goat's milk, and that potage is a food that is suitable for people with **phthisis** or hectic fever, because it renews the natural wetness; it increases the sperm and the urine and the spirits, as **Ysaac** says in the book De Dietis Universalibus.
1. Of foliage of vine
2. of parsley
3. of wild thyme


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p.601

6. of black pepper
7. of lousewort
8. of pellitory of the wall
9. of polypody
10. of burnet
11. of wall rue
12. of leeks
13. of fat
14. of pears
15. of lead.



217. **Pampinus**: i.e. **foliage of the vine**; it is hot and dry. If it be pounded and pig lard be put through it, and it be cooked in an oven and applied as a plaster over the spleen, it will help with its hardness and oppilation. If a pessary be made of it, it will provoke menstruation, the after-birth, and the **dead foetus**. If powder of the **foliage of the vines** with lard of hens put through it be applied as a plaster to the cold apostumes, it will help with them.


218. **Petrosilium**: i.e. parsley; hot and dry in the third degree; there are two sorts of it, the domestic sort and the wild sort; its seed and root serve best for medical purposes; its seed retains its efficacy for five years; it has the diuretic and comforting virtues; this herb is of benefit against windiness if eaten raw or cooked, it greatly comforts the stomach, and it gently relaxes the abdomen. If this herb be boiled with borage and mutton, it will serve powerfully against **stranguria**, **dysuria** and oppilation of the liver and spleen. If a


---

p.602



plaster of the same herb be applied to the testicles, it will stop their swelling and pain.


219. **Pulegiu*m* muntanum**: i.e. wild thyme; hot in the second degree and dry in the third degree; it has the diuretic virtue. It should be collected when in flower, and it will retain its efficacy for a year if kept in a dark place. It will serve against illness, hot or cold, of the chest; also, it will help with pain and windiness of the stomach and intestines, and it will open the oppilation of the liver, the kidneys and the spleen. If it be boiled in wine, it will clean the passages of the urine, and it will cure **stranguria** and **dysuria**. The same herb serves well against illness of the joints in plasters and ointments. If boiled in wine, it will relieve women's disease.


**Piper nigrum**: 
i.e. the **black pepper**; hot and dry in the fourth degree; it retains its efficacy for two years. It has the diuretic virtue. If it be put powdered in wounds, it will stop **proud flesh**, and will be a sufficient caustic for them; it has the attractive and corroding virtues, according to **Avicenna**. If powdered pepper be put to the nose, it will provoke the sneezing that results in the cleaning from the brain of the gross humours. If powdered pepper and figs be boiled and eaten, it will clean the cold humours from the chest. If powdered pepper and anise be eaten with figs after a meal, it will comfort the digestion. Item, if powdered pith of **black pepper** be put in rose water and applied to the eye, it will release the cataract of the eye. Item, to make the following sauce to soothe the appetite: take **sage**, mint and parsley, pound them and extract the juice from


---

p.603



them, put into it flour of white bread, roasted, and powdered pepper, mix them with vinegar or wine, and eat it together with the meal. People with the choleric humour or the sanguine humour should not use pepper, because it makes them susceptible to skin disease. There is another sort of it, the long pepper, which has a greater comforting virtue than the **black pepper**. **Avicenna** says that the **long pepper** is a catkin-like fruit that grows on the herb on which the **black pepper** grows. Platearius says that it is obtained on mountains in **India**, and this is how it is obtained: there are so many snakes and poisonous beasts on that mountain that it has to be burnt so that the poisonous animals leave it, and that it how it is obtained, and how it becomes black.


221. **Pulicaria**: i.e. **lousewort**, and there are two sorts of it, a big sort and a small sort; the big sort is cold and wet in the third degree, and the small sort is hot and dry in the third degree; it has the dissolving and corroding virtues. If it be boiled in wine with dry figs, it will expel the cold humours that occur in the respiratory organs, and it will help with straightness of the breath and every sort of asthma. A bath of this herb against exudations of the vagina. If powder of the same herb be put as a pessary in the vagina, and it will improve conception. Item, take a handful of the tops of this herb and boil it in wine, and apply it hot to the **anus**, and this will help with the swellings of the **piles**. Item, if the same herb be put on a hot stone and applied to the top of the head, it will stop the cold **rheum**, as **Avicenna** says.




---

p.604


222. **Paritaria**: i.e. pellitory of the wall; hot and dry in the fourth degree; this herb is called **vitriora**, ‘vitrum’ being glass, because it will clean glass if rubbed on it; it is better fresh than dried; it has the attenuating, dissolving and corroding virtues; it serves well against pain and windiness of the stomach and intestines, and against **stranguria** and **dysuria**. If it be boiled in salt water and put on the **navel**, it will greatly relieve the illnesses we have mentioned. Item, if this herb be pounded and boiled with bran and tartar and applied as a plaster to the **navel**, it will stop the flux of the abdomen. If a bath be made of this herb, foliage of **Traveller's Joy**, **lichen** and roots of **madder**, and people with dysentery be put in it, it will greatly relieve them, as we said before.


223. **Polipodium**: i.e. **polypody** (a fern); hot and dry in the second degree; there are two sorts of it, a sort that grows on stones, and a sort that grows on trees, and it is the sort that grows on oak that is most in demand of them for medical purposes; it purges the phlegmatic humour principally, and the melancholic humour in the second place, especially from the stomach and the intestines; it serves well for people with the **quotidian** and **tertian fevers** which are caused by the lemon-coloured and yolk-coloured cholera; it opens the oppilation of the liver and spleen that is caused by viscous humours; it serves well for people with **quartan fever** and **colic**, and for those who have gross, dense, humours in the stomach and intestines. This herb should be boiled in soup, and that is how it should be administered to people of


---

p.605



phlegmatic humour and melancholic humour, and that is also how it should be given to preserve the health. The substances that are used against windiness should be boiled with it, such as seed of anise, *cumin* and fennel; it is of benefit against **arthritis**, **podagra**, and every illness of the joints. Item, to make a **syrup** of it, take two or three ounces of the roots of this herb, well pounded, boil them in water with sloes, **violets**, and seed of fennel, anise, and *cumin*, boil well, strain, and put in sugar ad lib., and this **syrup** serves well to maintain the health and against disease of the joints.


224. **Pibinella**: i.e. **burnet**; hot and dry in the third degree; it has the diuretic virtue, and it serves well against **stranguria** and **dysuria**. If it be boiled in wine with its roots and seed, it will stop urethritis. Item, if the roots of this herb be finely pounded and cream be put through it, and it be applied as a plaster to swollen glands, it will help with them.


225. **Pulitricum**: i.e. a sort of **maidenhair**, the **wall rue**; moderately
cold and dry; it has the diuretic and opening virtues; it gives relief from oppilation of the liver and spleen; it should not be given without other diuretic herbs along with it, such as roots of fennel and parsley; they should be boiled in wine and given against the illneses we have mentioned.


226. **Porrum**: i.e. leeks; hot and dry, its hotness in the third degree and its dryness in the second degree. The juice of the white lower part of the leek to be given, with the herb itself, to people who


---

p.606



bleed from the mouth, and they will recover. If the tops of leeks be pounded and honey put through it, and this be put in foul wounds where there is much pus, it will help with them. The juice of this herb in warm tisane will stop coughing. If leeks be pounded and honey put through it and it be applied to the bite of a mad dog, it will help with it, and it helps with any poison. Juice of leeks drunk together with the breast milk of a woman will help with coughing. Juice of leeks with one fourth part of honey through it, if put into the nose, will help with headache. If there be pain in the ear, put one drop of the juice of leeks in the nostril farthest from the *affected* ear, and this will cure the pain. If leeks be eaten at the beginning of a meal, this will prevent drunkenness. When taken at the beginning of a meal, it has the laxative virtue. If eaten by women at the beginning of meals, they will have many children. If the roots of leeks be put on red coals and the fumes be allowed to the vagina, it will provoke menstruation. If the juice of leeks, that is, their roots, be applied to the nose, this will stop a flux of blood from the nose. If roots of leeks be boiled in wine and drunk, it will help with poison. If the bulb of the leek be boiled in the milk of almonds and eaten, it will induce sexual desire. There is a wild sort of the leek called **chives**, which is hot in the fourth degree and dry in the third degree, and it has the virtue of dissolving the cold humours, and it provokes the urine and menstruation when eaten raw. If the juice of this sort of the leek be put in the vagina, it will induce menstruation, as **Ysaac** says; when this herb is eaten *in the morning* fasting, it will generate windiness in the stomach, it hurts the nerves, it generates


---

p.607



gross dry fumes that are harmful to the sight, and it causes grievous *hallucinatory* visions similar to nightmares.


227. **Pingedo**: i.e. **fat**; one sort of it is hot and dry, and another sort is hot and wet; the fat of castrated animals is better for medical purposes than that of animals who have not been so deprived; the older the animal is, the better will the fat be; the fat of hens and cocks is the best. If the fat of geese and bears be rubbed on the head that is bare, hair will grow on it. If the same fat be rubbed on lesions of the mouth, it will help with them. If the fat of fish be rubbed together with honey on the eyes, it will help with wetness of the eyes. If grease of deer be put in ointments for people with spasm, it will give them relief. If fat of goats be put in constrictive clysters against dysentery, it will serve excellently. It is said that fat of lions and bulls is hot and dry and fat of the other animals is hot and wet; **Ysaac** says that every fat is incompatible to the digestion, because it generates oppilation in the organs, as we have said.


228. **Pira**: i.e. the **pears**; they are cold and dry. If they be eaten after the meal, they will relieve the digestion. If they be eaten before the meal, they will relieve flux of the abdomen. If pears be pounded and boiled in rain water and applied as a plaster to the upper part of the stomach, they will stop the choleric vomiting. If the same plaster be put on the **navel**, it will stop the flux of the abdomen.




---

p.608


229. **Plumbum**: i.e. lead; it is cold and wet; it has the virtues of repercussing and cooling. If a thin plate be made of it and put on the parts of the body where there is excessive heat, it will help with them. To reduce the discharge from and inflammation of wounds, and to dry them, a surgical tent of lead may be put in the wound, or a thin plate with many holes in it may be put on the opening, outside, and this will greatly relieve them. To stop infection arising from *a burn of* fire or water, a plate of lead may be applied to it externally.


230. **Quercus**: i.e. the **oak**; cold and dry in the second degree; it has the constrictive and drying virtues in its wood, its foliage and its fruit. If the foliage of this tree be finely pounded and put in wounds, it will stop the flux of blood from the wounds and it will heal them. If the fresh foliage of this tree be boiled in water and drunk, it will stop dysentery and any flux of blood and, if it be applied to the **anus**, it will help with ***tenesmus***. If the **bark of oak** be boiled in water and the water be drunk, and the ill person be put sitting on the bark, it will stop the illnesses we have mentioned. As regards the **acorns** of the oak, they have the ability to provoke the urine and to stop the flux, and there is a greater styptic virtue in the shell of the **acorn** than in the fruit proper, and in the cup of the **acorn** than in the shell, and it is said that, of all styptic things,
it is the cup of the **acorn** of the **oak** that is the most styptic of them.


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p.609


1. Of horse radish
2. of rosemary
3. of rhubarb
4. of red rose
5. of madder
6. of rue
7. of things that are repercussive.



231. **Rafanos**: i.e. **horse radish**; hot and dry in the second degree. If its roots be pounded, put in vinegar for three days, boiled thereafter, have sugar put in it, and it be drunk with one-third water before going to bed and when getting up, it will serve against **quotidian fever** and false **tertian fever**, and this compound is called **oxyzacara**. That same **syrup** may be drunk against oppilation of the liver and spleen. If the foliage of the same herb be boiled in wine or in pig lard, and applied as a plaster over the liver, it will release its oppilation and hardness. If the same plaster be put on the **navel**, it will cure **stranguria** and **dysuria**. If the juice of the same herb be put warm in the ear, it will help with pain and deafness of the ear; any diuretic herb that has lost its efficacy, this herb will restore its efficacy if it be mixed with roots of this herb. If the roots of this herb be pounded and put in vinegar for a night and strained the next morning, and warm water be added to it, and it be administered as an emetic, it will purge the gross viscous humours that are in the stomach; a diuretic **oximel** is made of the roots of this herb together with roots of fennel, parsley, celery, burnet, **maidenhair spleenwort**, and **hart's tongue fern**, when it is boiled in


---

p.610



vinegar and honey is put in it, and it should be drunk like any simple drink, as we have said. *Gloss: **Olibanum** is made of **frankincense** *anthos/an tús.**


232. **Rosmarinus**: i.e. **rosemary**; hot and dry, but in what degree cannot be found in the authorities. It is its flower and foliage that are suitable for medical purposes; the name of this flower is dauntos ***anthos*** and it is from this that the electuary in which it is put is named i.e. **dianthos**; the foliage and flower of this herb retain their efficacy for a year. This herb has the comforting virtue because of its being aromatic, and the dissolving and opening virtues from its hotness, and the drying, corroding, cleansing, virtues from its dryness. If the flower of this herb be boiled in wine and given against swooning and heartburn, it will help with them. If the same flower be boiled in wine and drunk, it will comfort the brain and help with headache. Item, if the flower of this herb be boiled in wine and the fumes be allowed to the nose, it will greatly comfort the brain. If **dianthos** and **mastix** be boiled in wine, and a sup be held in the mouth for a long time, it will help with elongation of the **uvula**. Item, if the same herb together with *cumin* be boiled in wine and drunk*,* it will help with pain of the stomach and intestines. If the same herb be boiled in wine and put hot on the **navel**, it will help with **stranguria** and **dysuria**, it will provoke menstruation, it will clean the vagina, and it will comfort the conceiving virtue. The women of the city of **Salerno** are accustomed to boil the flower of this herb in common oil and to put it as a pessary in the genitals, and this makes them able to conceive, and they proceed to menstruate.


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Note that the nerves of the body are comforted by the rosemary, and, for that reason, it is suitable for people with paralysis.


233. **Reubarbrum**: hot and dry in the second degree; it is the root of a tree that grows in **India**; there are two sorts of it, **barbarum** which is called ‘rhu barbarum’, from the country named Barbara, and ponticum, called ‘rhu ponticum’, which is named from the island named **Pontus**, or *perhaps* from the pontic taste that it has; it is at its best when it is heavy without holes in it, and, when it is broken, it has foxy red fibres in it, and, when it has been wetted and you put it on your finger nail, the colour of it is deep yellow; it retains its efficacy for merely three years, and it does not have the laxative virtue from that time on; it purges the choleric humour principally, and the melancholic humour secondarily. Take two dragmas of the roots of **rhubarb**, and as much again of **cassia fistula**, and put them in the water in which has been boiled melons, citruls and cucumbers, and leave them there for a night, strain them the following morning, give them to drink the following morning, and this will comfort the excessive heat of the liver and spleen, it will help with the fever called **hemitritaeus**, and it will help with **tertian fever**, both simple and compound. Item, if powder of **rhubarb** be given in a spoonful of juice of endive, it will help with **jaundice**, and it will greatly serve to soothe the appetite when it is weakened by excess of the choleric humour. Its characteristic action is to comfort the brain and the heart, and it soothes the vision and it kills the **worms** of the intestines.




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p.612


234. **Rosa rubia**: i.e. the **red rose**; cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree. If a plaster of this herb be put on a burn of fire or water, it will help with it. If the same plaster be put on the upper part of the stomach, it will stop any burning of the stomach that is caused by the increase of the choleric humour in it. If **red rose** be boiled in wine and drunk, it will stop the flux, and also the flux of menstruation. If fresh rose be boiled in water and pounded and applied as a plaster to the swelling, it will help with every swelling. If **red rose** be boiled in water and pounded, and white of egg be put through it, and it be applied as a plaster to the eyes, it will help with their redness. It is suitable for medical purposes whether dried or fresh. When the flower of the rose or the rose itself are dried, they retain their efficacy for three years; **mel rosaceum** is made of the rose, and this is how it is done: when this flower is put in honey for some time, and pressed thereafter, it will be **mel rosaceum**; oil of rose is made in the same way, put the same flower in oil for some time and press it thereafter, and this will be **oleum rosaceum** we dictated a chapter[171](javascript:footNote('G600005/note171.html')) about the flower of the rose above.


235. **Rubia maior**, **uarencia**: i.e. **madder**; hot and dry in the first degree; it has the diuretic and comforting virtues. If roots of **madder** and **mastix** be boiled in wine, it will provoke menstruation and the urine, and it will be of considerable benefit against oppilation of the liver, the kidneys and the spleen. If the same herb be boiled


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p.613



in pig lard or in butter and applied as a plaster over the liver, it will open the oppilation of the liver. If the same plaster be put on the navel, it will provoke the urine and menstruation. If the roots of **madder** be boiled in water and the hair be washed in it, this will give the hair a fine red colour. If a plaster be made of powdered **mastix**, powdered **madder**, and new wax, and it be applied to the upper part of the stomach, it will help with its pain. If the root of **madder** be boiled in wine and drunk by a woman, this will induce the after-birth. Item, to make a liquor that will clean and heal a wound, take the tops of red cabbage, avens, tansy and seed of hemp, and roots of **madder** to the quantity of all of those, boil them in wine or ale, strain them, and put honey that has been purified by skimming into it, according to the quantity of liquor, boil them up again, all together; when it has cooled, add some **yeast** to it, give it to drink, and it will heal any wound.


236. **Ruta**, **bisa** *no* **molea**: i.e. **rue**; hot and dry in the third degree; if it be frequently drunk, it will comfort the stomach. If it be given to a woman in labour, she will give birth to a baby forthwith.
If this herb be taken regularly, it will provoke menstruation, and it will dry the discharge. If the same herb be boiled in honey, it will help with the cough that comes from coldness. When this herb is drunk in wine or in ale, it has the merit of opening the oppilation of the liver and spleen, and of giving relief from **arthritis**, **sciatica**, swelling of the womb and intestines, and also from the **worms** that are parasites *"in undutifulness"* in the stomach and intestines. If **rue** and figs be boiled in wine and drunk by people with dropsy, it will



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p.614



help them. To sharpen the sight, mix together the juice of **rue**, fennel, bile of cock or of eagle, press them through a linen cloth, and apply it to the eyes; the juice of **rue** on its own will serve the same purpose. If juice of **rue** be put in the nostrils, it will stop the flux of blood from the nose. If this herb be put in a drink or in a plaster against the bite of a mad dog, or against any poison, it will help with it.


237. **Repercusiua**: i.e. everything that has the repercussive virtue is of a cold complex, according to **Avicenna**, and comforts the expelling virtue, such as galls, that is, the globes on the foliage of oak, and its acorns, **henbane**, poppy, **portulaca**, rose, water, foliage of the vine, **duckweed**, **meal of barley**, **orpine**, and the likes.
1. Of elder
2. of salt
3. of sarcocolla
4. of scammony
5. of savory
6. of senna
7. of wild thyme
8. of willow
9. of spikenard
10. of wild cabbage
11. of sulphur
12. of marigold
13. of elephant bone


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p.615

16. of foxglove
17. of orchid
18. of sandalwood
19. of stavesacre
20. of hart's tongue fern
21. of styptic things
22. of asparagus
23. of storax
24. of sleep
25. of thirst
26. of sage
27. of savin.



238. **Sambucus**: i.e. the **elder**; hot in the third degree and dry in the second degree. Its roots, foliage, flower and fruit are suitable for medical purposes. It is of the pith of the **elder** is made the oil named ***oleum* sambucinum**. The **elder** has the virtue of attracting the phlegmatic humour and the viscous humours; it opens the oppilation of the liver and spleen; it gives relief from **colic**, **ileus**, quotidian fever and **tertian fever** caused by the lemon-coloured and the yolk-coloured choleric humour. Principally, it purges the water of dropsy; if half a hen-eggshell of the juice of the root of this tree be given with wine, it will purge the illnesses we have mentioned. The root bark of this tree is commonly put in laxative **oximels** and **syrups**; furthermore, the foliage of this tree is put in plasters and in fomentations against swelling and pain of the organs caused by coldness. If the foliage of this tree be put in the kind of bath


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p.616



called **stupha**, it will give relief marvellously to people with dropsy. If the flower of the same tree be put in soup or in potage, it will relax the bowels without any danger. If the same flower be boiled in wine, the wine will relax the bowels. The juice of the berries of this tree with two thirds wine in it will relax the bowels quite safely.




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p.617


239. **Sal**: i.e. **salt**; hot in the second degree and dry in the third degree; it serves well against repletion of the stomach that comes from cold humours. If it be boiled in vinegar and drunk as an emetic, it will clean principally. If **salt** be put in a little bag and heated before the fire, and put on the spleen, or on the stomach, or on any other place where he has pain, it will stop the pain immediately. If salt be pounded finely and boiled in honey until it is thick, and **suppositories** be made of it of the thickness of a candle, and it be given in the **rectum**, it will relax the bowel without danger; the use of **salt** serves well in cold complexes and against indigestion of the stomach.


240. **Sarcacolla**: i.e. the gum of a tree; hot and dry in the second degree. If it be mixed with white of egg and applied to the forehead and to the temples, it will stop the shedding of tears and the flux of blood from the nose. If powder of this gum be put in rose water for a night, and pressed the next morning, and it be applied as an eye-wash to the eyes, it will help with their darkness, and it will loosen their cataract. If it be put on coals and the fumes be allowed to the **anus**, it will help with **tenesmus** and the swellings of **piles**. If the powder of this gum be put in wounds, it will dry them.


241. **Scamonia**: hot and dry in the third degree; it purges the choleric humour principally, and the melancholic humour secondarily; to purge the choleric humour, there should not be given less than a scruple,


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p.618



but in the case of the other **complexes** two or three scruples may be given; it is suitable for the **tertian fever** provided there is not too much high temperature there; it serves well against intemperance of the liver, against **jaundice**, and against lack of appetite caused by excess of the choleric humour. It is of benefit against the forms of gout that come from hotness; it should not be given on its own, without being mixed with other medicines. Take note that it is not **scammonia** except when it has not been boiled, and, when it has been boiled, it is named **diagredium**. It is dangerous to give this medicine, because sometimes it adheres to the sides of the stomach, it provokes hiccup and vomiting, and it is bad for those who have a liver that is hot by nature or accidentally, as we have said.


242. **Saturateia**, **utimbra**: 


243. **Sene**: 
hot and dry in the third degree; it is the foliage of a tree; it purges but little, and mostly it purges the melancholic humour and the viscous humours generally; it attracts from the extremeties, and, for that reason, it serves against mania,


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p.619



melancholia, quartan fever, **splenetica passio**, i.e. disease of the spleen, swooning, heartburn, pain of the nerves, **sciatica**, **arthritis**, **podagra**, gout of the hand, and the likes. It is our practice to put this herb in **oximels**, **syrups**, drinks, and plasters against the illnesses we have mentioned; a laxative medicine is sharpened by this: put two ounces of **senna** into them, and this will purge the peccant humours suitably.


**Serpillum**: i.e. **wild thyme**; hot and dry; if it be boiled in vinegar and a fomentation be made of it for the head, it will help with the headache that comes from coldness. If it be boiled in wine or in ale and drunk, it will cure the pain of the abdomen that comes from coldness, and it will provoke the urine and menstruation. If this herb be boiled in vinegar and a spoonful of it be given every day, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen. If the same herb be boiled in honey that has been purified by skimming, and drunk, it will help with the spitting of blood. If it be boiled in vinegar and rubbed on the forehead and temples, it will help with headache. If this herb be boiled in the juice of liquorice, it will help with a cough. If this herb be boiled in wine with anise and drunk, it will help with windiness of the stomach. If this herb be pounded with mint and **wormwood**, and a plaster of them be put on the upper part of the stomach, it will help with pain in the stomach and it will comfort the digestion.


245. **Salisit**: i.e. **willow**; cold and dry in the second degree, foliage, flower and wood. If the flower of this tree be boiled in vinegar and


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p.620



rubbed on people with excess heat of fever, it will give them relief. If the branches of this tree be put over the bed of fever patients, and pure spring water be sprinkled on the patient, it will give him relief. The water of the flowers of this tree greatly *comforts* people with tertian fever and **causon**; the foliage of this tree serves in cooling plasters to stop poison and pain of the organs, as we have said before.


246. **Spicanardi**: hot in the second degree and dry in the third degree; it is the flower of a tree which is found in **India**. There are two sorts of it, **spica nardi**, and **spica celtica**, and it is like an ear of barley, with an aromatic smell. If the powder of **spikenard** be put in wine and drunk, it will help with swooning and heartburn. If it be boiled in spring water and sugar be put in it, it will help people with fever. If powder be made of it and the smell of it be allowed to the nose, it will comfort the brain. If **spikenard** be boiled in common oil and put in the nostrils, it will purge the **rheum** from the brain principally. If the same thing be put in the ear, it will help with deafness. If **spikenard** be rubbed on the teeth, it will help with bad breath. If **spikenard** be put in a slender linen purse and put in the vagina, it will induce menstruation, and it will assist with conception. If the same suppository (lit. pessary) be put in the **rectum**, it will help with **tenesmus**; the **Saracens** make an oil of this tree on which the **spikenard** grows, named **oleum nardinum**, which greatly relieves the heart, as we have said.




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p.621


247. **Sdrusium**: i.e. **charlock**; hot and dry in the second degree; it has the attenuating and diuretic virtues; it is suitable against oppilation of the liver and spleen, and against jaundice, and it provokes the urine and menstruation. It is suitable against the cough that is caused by coldness when boiled in wine and honey and drunk. The juice of the foliage of this herb, and woman's breast milk, with white sugar through it, if a plaster of this be put on the face*,* it will clean it of any exudations or bad colour that is there. If the juice of this herb be boiled together with **rue** in wine, ale, or honey, and a plaster of it be put on the head after it has been shaved, it will help with **lithargia**. If this herb be boiled in goat soup and drunk, it will help surely with **lithargia**.


248. **Sulfur**: i.e. **sulphur**; hot and dry in the fourth degree; it is an earthen metal, and is generated in very hot countries. If three scruples of **sulphur** be given in a soft egg, it will help with the asthma that comes from wetness. If **sulphur** be put on hot coals and the fumes be received in the mouth, it will help with cold illness of the chest. Item, take wax, common oil and **white hellebore**, boil them together and press through a linen cloth and put powder of **sulphur** into it, rub it on the head, and it will help with a scabby head, and it will help with a rash on the other parts of the body; it should not be given to dry choleric people, or to people with narrow chests. It may readily be given to people of phlegmatic humour.


249. **Sol secium**, **sbonsa solis**, *?**eliotropia***, ***si*corea**, **ingcuba**, **uerucaria**: i.e. marigold; it is cold and dry, but in what degree is


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p.622



not to be found in Platearius' book; it serves for medical purposes when it is fresh; it has the ability to nourish against every poison; poisonous animals do not live in a garden in which it is planted. If a plaster of this herb on its own be put on the bite of a mad dog, the poison does not develop again thereafter. If this herb be drunk in wine or ale, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen. If a plaster of this herb be put on warts, it will help with them. If the flower of this herb be drunk in water for nine days, it will help with jaundice. If a plaster of the same herb be put on the apostume called **anthrax**, it will help with it.


250. **Spodium**: i.e. bone of elephant; cold and dry in the third degree; it has the repercussive and healing virtues. If this bone be in a person, it will stop the thirst. If the shavings of this bone be given in **juice of plantain**, it will stop the flux of the abdomen, and if it be applied as a plaster to the pulses, it will cool the excessive heat of the respiratory organs. If the powder of the same bone be put in red wine, it will stop the flux of dysentery and **haemoptysis**, and the flux of menstruation and of blood from the nose.


251. **Sticatos**: i.e. **foxglove**; hot and dry in the first degree; there are two sorts of it, **sticados citrinum** and **sticados arabicum**, the **sticados citrinum** being the better of them. If it be dried, it will retain its efficacy for a year, both flower and foliage; it has the diuretic virtue on account of its thinness, and the comforting virtue on account of its foliage or its aromatic smell. The flower of this herb may be boiled in wine against tightness of the chest and coldness


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p.623



of the stomach and intestines, and against oppilation of the liver and spleen, and against **stranguria** and **dysuria**, and the likes.


252. **Satuirion**, **priamiscus**, **leporina**: i.e. the **orchid**; it is called "balls"; it is hot and wet in the third degree. The roots of that herb are suitable for medical purposes; the roots of the herb are like the testicles of an animal, and, for that reason, it is called "balls"; it powerfully increases the generative fluid in women and men; it gives a false colour to women's faces when rubbed on them. If the roots of this herb be boiled in vinegar and honey, or **oximel**, and drunk at the time of every canonical hour, it will help with disease of the joints.


253. **Sandaili**: cold in the third degree and dry in the second degree; they are a sort of little sticks, and there are three sorts of them, i.e. **sandalum album**, which is white in colour, **sandalum rubrum**, which is foxy red in colour, and **sandalum citrinum**, which is yellow in colour, the last being the best colour for it to have; each of these sorts retains its efficacy for forty years. They have the comforting virtue on account of their own aromatic smell, and the altering virtue on account of their coldness, for which reason they serve well against the bad hot complexes of fever, and to stop thirst and excessive heat of the liver. If the powder of **sandalwood** be boiled in water and sugar be put in it so it be, as it were, a **syrup**, this syrup will give relief in the illnesses we have mentioned. If the powder of **sandalwood** be put in **oleum mandragoratum** and rubbed on the forehead, it will induce sleep in the acute fevers, and it will relieve


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headache. Item, if powder of **sandalwood** be mixed with **juice of lettuce**, and a red cloth be dipped in it and applied over the liver, it will stop the flux of blood that comes from the liver. If powder of **sandalwood**, **oil of roses** and vinegar be mixed together and a red cloth be dipped in it and applied over the liver, it will stop its excessive heat. Item, if the same powder be mixed with rain water and vinegar, and a red cloth be dipped in it and applied to the upper part of the stomach, it will stop vomiting. Item, if powder of **sandalwood** be mixed with the **juice of plantain** and put on an apostume at its early stage, it will repercuss it.


254. **Sdafisagria**: i.e. the seed of a herb that is hot and dry in the third degree; it draws the phlegmatic humour from the brain, if it be put on the teeth, and it serves against **lithargia**. If powder of **stavesacre** be put in the nostrils, it will provoke sneezing, which is a source of comfort to the brain. If **stavesacre** be boiled in vinegar and a sup of it be held in the mouth, it will help with elongation of the **uvula**. If powder of **stavesacre** be eaten with honey, it will kill **worms** of the abdomen.


255. **Scolapendria**, **linga ceruina**: i.e. **hart's tongue fern**; temperately hot and dry; it serves well against oppilation of the liver and spleen, because it has the attenuating and dissolving virtues. If it be boiled in wine, it will break the urinary stones. If an **oximel** be made of this herb and vinegar, and it be drunk for forty days, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen, and it will break the urinary stones, and this **oximel** serves well against jaundice.




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256. **Stipica**: i.e. every herb that has the styptic virtue is usually cold and dry. These are the spices and gums that are styptic: gum Arabic, **spodium**, white and red sandalwood, mummy, **bolus Armenicus**, **mastix**, the skin of pomegranate, dragons blood, and the likes. These are the styptic herbs: **vervain**, plantain, water mint, **juice of wormwood**, juice of knotgrass, juice of the red rose, juice of unripe sloes, juice of tansy, **hypocistis**, and madder.


257. **Sbaragius**: i.e. **asparagus**; it is hot and dry; it has the diuretic virtue; this herb is suitable against the oppilation of the liver and spleen. It may be put in plasters and ointments against headache, and it certainly induces sleep.


258. **Storax**: i.e. the gum of a tree that is hot in the first degree and dry in the second degree; it is found in **India**; it has the attractive virtue, and it has a gross substance; there are three sorts of it, **storax liquida**, which is found in **Calabria**, **storax calamita**, so called from the Greek word calo *(καλς)*, and ‘calo’ in Greek means the same as ‘maith’ *(good)* in Irish, because this is the best sort of **storax**, and **storax micor (?)**, which is obtained in **India**; each of these sorts retains its efficacy for ten years. If **storax** and red rose be boiled in water and pressed through a linen cloth, it will clean the brain. If a plaster of fresh wax, **storax** and common oil be put on the upper part of the stomach, it will stop pain. If a **pill** be made of **storax** and honey, and it be held under the tongue, it will help with catarrh. If **storax** be put on red coals, and the fumes be allowed to the vagina, it will provoke menstruation and it will help


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with hysteria. If **storax** be boiled in wine and the wine be held for a long time in the mouth, it will help with elongation of the **uvula**. If a **pill** be made of **storax** with honey, it will help with illness of the respiratory organs. It is suitable to put **storax** in ointments and plasters against coldness, because this will generally keep them effective. If **storax** be held under the teeth, it will consolidate them very well.


259. **Sompnus**: i.e. **sleep**, and these are the things that induce sleep, red poppy, **opium**, **juice of henbane**, **mandragora**, **duckweed**, cold water, houseleek, fleabane, **coltsfoot**, and the likes.


260. **Sitis**: i.e. **thirst**, and these are the things that stop the thirst, white sugar in one part vinegar and two parts water, to be held in the mouth, and **tisane of barley** in which is boiled **violet**, daisy, orpine, houseleek, seed of water betony, and the likes; there also serve against the thirst, to mix frequently in the mouth gum Arabic, a diuretic **oximel**, and cold water, or to drink hot water; no cold water should be drunk, because cold water increases the thirst, while hot water reduces it, as **Avicenna** says.




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261. **Saluia**: i.e. **sage**; hot and dry in third degree; its foliage is suitable for medical purposes; it is best when fresh; it retains its efficacy for a year; there is a wild sort of this herb which is called eupatorium, that is, wood sage. There is a greater diuretic virtue in the wood sage than in the **sage**. **Sage** has the comforting, corroding and dissolving virtues, and this herb greatly comforts the nerves, as does castoreum. If **sage** be boiled in wine and given to people with paralysis or **epilepsy**, it will greatly comfort them. If the same herb be boiled in wine and a plaster of it be put on the part of the body which is shaking, it will help with it. If **sage juice** be put in a sauce or in other foods, and it be eaten by people with paralysis or **epilepsy**, it will greatly benefit them. If the **foliage of sage** be put in a bath against **stranguria** or **dysuria**, it will give relief, and it will clean the vagina. If the **juice or powder of sage** be put in sauces, it will increase the appetitive virtue. Item, take pellitory, **sage**, vinegar, and a little pepper, and eat them, and this will clean the stomach of the gross humours. If a fomentation be made of the foliage of sage, it will expel the **aborted foetus**. If this herb be put on the bite of a mad dog, it will help with it. If it be put on wounds, it will stop the bleeding. If this herb be boiled in wine, it will help with a chronic cough. If **sage** be drunk in wine, it will clean the vagina, and it will also help with pain of the penis.


262. **Sauina**, **bracteos**: i.e. **savin**; hot and dry in the third degree; its foliage is suitable for medical purposes; it retains its efficacy


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for a year; it has the attenuating virtue. If it be boiled in wine, it will relieve pain in the stomach and intestines that are caused by coldness, and of the chest likewise. If it be boiled in wine and drunk, it will help against **stranguria**. If this herb be boiled in wine, it will provoke menstruation and induce the **aborted foetus**. If the same herb be boiled in vinegar and its fumes be allowed to the **anus**, it will help with **tenesmus** and the swellings of **piles**. If the smell of it be received in the nose frequently, it will comfort the brain. Item, take tops of mint, savin and sage, eat them with salt, and this will preserve you from the cold illnesses and from paralysis in particular.
1. Of tartar of wine
2. of terra sigillata
3. of turbit
4. of wheat
5. of silverweed
6. of buttercup
7. of spider's web
8. of turpentine
9. of tamarisk
10. of tamarind
11. of the soft shoots of vine.



263. **Tartarum**: i.e. **tartar of wine**; hot and dry in the third degree; it purges the phlegmatic humour and the viscous humours generally; it is of benefit against the cold illnesses that are caused by the gross


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humours. It has the virtue of excoriating the intestines, for which reason it should not be given on its own without other things with it. If it be dried and put in wet wounds, it will dry them. If powder be made of them and they be given to people who are too fat, it will wear down their excessive fatness. If an ounce and a half of them be given with honey that has been purified by skimming, it will relax the bowels for them ten times, as we have said.


264. **Terra sigilata**, **terra Sarasenica**, **argentaria**: i.e. the **sealed earth**; other people call it **Saracen earth**; it is cold and dry, and it is like a stone with a seal on it in the form of a cross. It has a strong retentive virtue. If a little of the powder of this earth be mixed with white of egg and put on the forehead, it will stop the flux of blood from the nose. If the same powder together with the juice of shepherd's purse be put in the nose, it will stop the same flux. If a plaster of the same powder together with **oil of roses**, white of egg, and vinegar be put on the navel, it will stop every flux of the abdomen. If the same plaster be put on the upper part of the stomach, it will stop vomiting. If the same plaster be put on the joints, it will stop the flow of **rheum** to them. Against swelling of the feet, **ragwort** may be boiled in wine and the same powder be put in it, and it will help them. If the same powder be put in warm water and rubbed on the head after it has been washed, it will make one's hair fine, with a good colour.


265. **Tuirbit**: hot and dry in the third degree; it is the roots of a tree that grows in **India**; it purges the phlegmatic humour; it has the


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attractive virtue; it is of benefit against **colic** and every disease of the joints, and it sharpens every purgative that purges the phlegmatic humour. If powder be made of it and put in wounds, it will heal them and help with ulceration and **proud flesh** of the wounds; it is of this that the electuary that is named **diaturbit** is made; not more than two dragmas of this should be given.


266. **Triticum**: i.e. **wheat**; hot in the first degree and moderately wet in the middle of the second degree. Wheats are distinguished according to the different times when it is sown, so that **Ysaac** says that the wheat that is sown in spring and autumn are temperate as compared with other times. Wheats are also distinguished according to their youth or their being old, so that **Ysaac** says of the old wheat that it nourishes but little and it is indigestible because its natural wetness is reduced by its being old, and its accidental dryness is increased; according to **Ysaac**, it is at its best when it is between youth and old age, because there is too much wetness in it when it is fresh, and some earthiness, so that windiness is produced in the stomach by digesting it. The bread that is made from clean wheat is hot and dry in the second degree because it takes in hotness from the fire; the juice that is made from wheat has the virtue of cleaning the chest and lungs, and it smoothens the roughness of the voice. A tisane may be made of it as is made of barley, and the **tisane of wheat** serves well to stop the flux, and the **tisane of barley** to stop the cough. If wheat be pounded and boiled together with oil, it will help with hard apostumes. If wheat be boiled in water together with rue, and pounded thereafter, and a plaster of it be put


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p.631



on the breasts, it will help with their hardness and pain. If wheat be pounded and boiled in **juice of henbane**, and a plaster of it be put on the joints, it will stop the flow of matter to them. If wheat grains be chewed and put on the bite of a mad dog, it will do no harm afterwards; the wheat that grows in good land nourishes better than the wheat that grows in poor land. The bran of wheat is moderately hot and dry, and it has the cleaning virtue. If a tisane be made of this bran, it will clean the chest of the gross viscous humours.


267. **Tanasetum agreste**: i.e. **silverweed**; cold and dry, but in what degree is not to be found in Platearius' book; it serves well against the flux of the abdomen. If it be pounded and white of egg or cream be put through it, it will help with excessive heat of parts of the body. If the roots of this herb be boiled in red wine and drunk, it will help with women's disease. If a plaster of the same herb together with white of egg be applied to the temples, it will help with headache that comes from hotness.


268. **Tapsia**:
i.e. the **buttercup**; hot and dry in the third degree; it retains its efficacy for three years; principally, it provokes vomiting, and secondarily the flux of the abdomen. Item, if this herb be well pounded and boiled, it will help with **podagra**. It has the virtue of attracting the humours from the body internally to the external parts of the body. Item, take vinegar, the ointment named **populeon**, juice of the black nightshade, juice of this herb, flour of **meal of barley**, and milk of women's breasts, mix them equally, and apply it as a plaster to the joints, and this will help with


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p.632



arthritis, **podagra**, gout of the hand, and every illness of the nerves that comes from coldness.


269. **Tela rania**: i.e. the **spider's web**; cold and dry; it has the retentive virtue; it stops the bleeding of wounds, and it heals as we have said.


270. **Terpintina**: i.e. the gum of a tree that is hot and dry; it retains its efficacy for a hundred years; it has the dissolving, maturing, and laxative virtues. If **turpentine** together with **meal of barley** be put in plasters, it will ripen the cold apostumes, and dissolve the matter. If **turpentine** be put on red coals and the fumes be allowed to the **anus**, it will help with the swellings of **piles**. If the same fumes be allowed to a woman, it will help with hysteria and with **displacement of the uterus**.


271. **Tamariscus**: the skin of a tree that grows in **India**; according to **Avicenna**, it is hot and dry; it has the diuretic and cleaning virtues; it is of benefit against disease of the spleen, **stranguria**, **dysuria**, **colic** and **ileus**. If powder of the aforsaid tree be put in food or drink, it will give relief from the illnesses we have mentioned.


272. **Tamuirindi**, **oxifencia**, **dactilus asetosus**, ***dactilus* indicus**: the fruit of a tree; cold and dry within the second degree; it purges the choleric humour principally, and the other burnt humours secondarily, since it purges the choleric humour from the stomach and intestines, and from the liver; it is suitable against jaundice, oppilation of the


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liver and spleen, and against tertian fever. If **juice of fumiter** and **tamarind** be given to drink, it will help with the rash that comes on the skin, and also with the scabby head, as we have said.


273. **Turio uitis**: i.e. the soft tops of the shoots of the vine, and those of every tree and of every herb may be called by this name. If **turiones** of the vine be put in sauces, it will soothe the digestive virtue. If **turiones** of bramble, with white of hen-egg put through it, be applied to the eyes, it will stop their inflammation and pain, and also their tears. There is a styptic and tanning virtue in the **turiones** of the oak.
1. Of varnish
2. of vervain
3. of violet
4. of teasel
5. of glass
6. of grapes
7. of wine
8. of poison
9. of the abdomen
10. of worms
11. of the sight
12. of vomiting
13. of things that burn
14. of the sight





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p.634


274. **Uernix**, **bernix**, **elasia**: i.e. the gum of a tree that is cold and dry in the second degree; there are three sorts of it, a yellow sort, a foxy-red sort, and a white sort, and it is the clear, white sort that is the best of them; it has the virtue of binding and compacting all the colours, this being what painters put on their pictures after all the colours, because it brings out the true shade of every colour, and the colours are made clear and bright by it. If **varnish**, **frankincense** and white of hen-egg be put on the upper part of the stomach, it will stop any vomiting, The powder of this gum will stop any flux. If the same gum be rubbed on **wax**, it will retain its efficacy for a hundred years without corruption.




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p.635


275. **Ueruena**, **herba Ueneris**, **peristeron**: it is hot and dry; its
dryness is greater than its hotness. If this herb be boiled in wine and drunk, it will help with the injurious poison of a mad dog, with the herb itself as a plaster. If the juice of the same herb be held in the mouth, it will help with disease of the mouth. If the foliage of this herb be put in a fresh wound, it will help with it. This herb may be drunk in wine or ale against any poison. If three roots and three leaves of this herb be gathered, saying a Pater noster with each leaf and each root, and it be drunk in water from a stream, this will help with tertian fever. If four leaves and four roots be gathered in the same way and drunk before the paroxysm of quartan fever, it will cure it. If you have **vervain** in your hand when you go to visit your patient, and if you ask him how he is, and he says he is well, he will recover, but if he says he is not well, he will die. If this herb be boiled in wine or mead against every illness that comes from coldness of the stomach or chest, it will serve beneficially for them. If **vervain**, **betony** and yarrow be dipped in water and drunk when fasting [in the morning] every day, it will break the urinary stone surely.


276. **Uiola**: i.e. the **violet**; it is cold in the beginning of the first degree and wet at the end of the second degree. If it be dried, it will retain its efficacy for two years, and it is better to gather it every year. Of the flower of **violet** and of sugar is made sugar of **violets**, of the same flower and of honey is made honey of **violets**, and of the same flower and oil is made oil of **violets**. Whichever it is


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desired to make, put the flower in the honey, oil, or sugar, leave it there for a period of time, and press it thereafter, and it will be as we have said. This is how one makes syrup of **violets**; boil the flower of **violet** in water, and when it is cold put sugar in it, and that syrup is appropriate against hot illnesses. Another way to make it: put flower of **violet** in water for a night and strain it the following day; then put sugar in it, and it will be a syrup. Another way to make it: pound the flower of **violet** and put it together with oil in a glass vessel, under the sun in summer time for fifteen days, and it will be an excellent oil which will give relief from every hot bad complex of the body. If oil of **violet** be rubbed on the forehead and temples, it will cure a headache that comes from hotness. This oil has four virtues, to make smooth what is rough, to cool what is hot, to soften what is hard, and to ease the stoppage and bind that affect the intestines. If **violet** and white of egg be put on hot apostumes, it will repercuss them at their early stage. If this herb be boiled in water and the feet and face be washed in it, it will induce sleep. Note that the **violet** should be boiled when making syrup of it more than the rose should, because its wetness is viscous and not capable of being dissolved, whereas the wetness of the rose is easily dissolvable and flowing. If **violet** be boiled in water and drunk, it will stop drunkenness, and to allow the smell of it to the nose will have the same effect. Macer says the **violet** which has a brown-red flower is suitable against **epilepsy**. Item, if flower of **violet**, **saffron** and **myrrh** be mixed together and applied to the eyes, this will help with swelling and redness of the eyes. Item, if **violet** be pounded and mixed with honey and vinegar and rubbed on the head after


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it has been shaved, it will cure its rash and exudations. If this herb be put on a hot stone and applied then to a swelling, it will stop its poison and pain. If this herb be boiled in water and the fumes be allowed to the vagina, it will help with lesions of the
vagina. If the seed of this herb be given in wine, it will clean the menstruation. If a plaster of this herb be put on the **podagra** that comes from hotness, it will help with it. If this herb be drunk in water, it will expel the choleric humour that is in the stomach. The same herb may be boiled in whey against pleurisy, pneumonia, and every illness of the chest. If oil of violet be rubbed on the chest of a small child, it will cure the cough. If juice of the same herb be put warm in the ear, it will help with noise in the ear that comes from hotness. If the juice of this herb be drunk fasting, it will kill the worms. If this herb be given in wine fasting to a person who has lost the power of speech, it will help him as we have said.


277. **Uirga pastoris**, **osaragi**: i.e. **teasel**; it is cold and dry, but in
what degree is not to be found; it has the retentive virtue; it is
suitable against flux of the abdomen. A plaster of this herb, together with white of egg and **meal of barley**, on the navel, will stop flux of the abdomen. Powder of the same herb given in a soft egg will stop flux of the abdomen. If a plaster of this herb together with white of hen-egg be put on erysipelas, it will help with it. If a plaster of the same herb be put on the head, it will give relief in cases of **frenzy**.




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278. **Uitrum**: i.e. **glass**; cold in the first degree and dry in the second degree. If powder of glass together with **oil of walnut** be put on the head, it will help with every scabby head. If powder of glass together with **turpentine** be mixed together, it will help with rash on the skin if it be rubbed on it. Item, if flower of the blackberry, powder of glass and **oil of roses** be mixed together and put on **morphea**, having first scarified it, it will help with it for sure, according to Platearius. If very fine powder of glass be mixed together with **juice of fennel** and applied to the eye, it will do away with the cataract of the eye.


279. **Uua**: i.e. **grapes of the vine**; they are hot and wet, unless their nature be changed by land or country; **Ysaac** says that they generate pure blood, and that they surpass all other fruits, except the fruit of the fig; **Ysaac** says that they are distinguished into four substances, the bone, cold and dry; the juice, hot and wet; the kernel, hot and dry, and the skin, cold and dry also; **Galen** says that the operation of the skin of raisins is the same as that of the skin of grapes, because they are indigestible and windy; **Ysaac** says that grapes stop the drunkenness of wine, and that every drunkenness that comes suddenly lasts but briefly, and every drunkenness that comes slowly lasts for a long time, as we have said.


280. **Uinum**: i.e. **wine**; it is hot and dry; it greatly nourishes the body and preserves the health if drunk in moderation, as **Ysaac** says in the Liber Dietarum Universalium, it soothes the digestive virtue of the stomach, the liver and all parts of the body in general; as **Galen**


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p.639



says in his book De sanitate tuenda, it is impossible, without **wine**, to soothe the operation of the digestive virtue properly when it is weakened, because no food or drink is known which more soothes the natural virtue and the digestive virtue than wine; it unites its own heat with the natural heat, and its own fluid with the natural fluids. It readily converts to very pure blood, it augments the spirits, it cleans the blood, it opens the oppilation of the liver and spleen, it clears the eyes, it drives out sorrow and sadness from the heart, and it soothes the parts of the body in general. Not only that, but it also soothes the soul, because it overcomes sorrow, mourning and sadness, it increases gladness, and it gives the soul strength to repent and to turn to God; it makes a person lively and vigorous; according to **Ysaac**, it is obvious that wine should be given in every age and season and complex and place, in greater or lesser quantity, according as the nature of the circumstances dictates. **Ysaac** says that adolescents and young adults should drink wine more than the old people, because, although wine suits the old people from the point of view of their complex, their brains are not able for it, on account of the weakness of their animal virtue, and the softness of their nerves. Wine works in different ways in people of different ages, according to **Ysaac**; it should be given to old people for medical purposes only, to young adults only as nourishment, and to adolescents both for nourishment and as medicine. The reason why it is a medicine for old people is that the hotness of the wine counteracts the coldness of old age. The reason why it is a food for young adults is that the wine and the person have the same complex and nature, as far as the hotness of each is concerned, and, because they are alike, the wine nourishes


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the person. The reason why it is both food and medicine for children is that their hotness and virtues and their body in general have not been yet fully developed, and their wetness is excessive, as we have said, and the wine corrects those things and is the right thing for the nourishment of the parts of the body. In winter time and in a cold district, wine should be given in substantial quantity. In summer time and in a hot district, it should be mixed with water, because the thinness of the wine carries the water to the body internally, refreshing and wetting it. Wines are distinguished by age, new wine is one year old, old wine is from four to seven years, and medium wine from two years to four. New wine is hot and wet in the first degree, for which reason it serves well against coldness; according to **Ysaac**, this is the drink that most serves to nourish the body; however, bad and corrupt humours are generated by it, and windiness in the stomach and intestines, because, as **Galen** says, new wine cannot carry the food to the parts of the body. Old wine is hot and dry in the third degree; it is somewhat sour and it nourishes but little; it quickly goes to the head and upsets the senses when it is drunk in a way that is not in accordance with the person's nature, unless it be mixed with pure water; this wine should be avoided by those whose senses are very acute and whose nerves are weak, unless the wine have plenty of wetness in it in order to counteract the sharpness and great hotness of the wine itself. Medium wine is hot and dry in the second degree, this it is that is suitable for people of every age, in every season, and whatever the complex, provided that it be given in moderation.




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281. **Uenenum**: i.e. **poison**; these are the things that counteract
poison, that is, the flesh of a snake, **calamint**, the juice of cabbage, common vetch, **St. John's wort**, **pignut**, imported spurge, salt, rue, **garden cress**, **aristolochia**, walnut kernels taken with rue, asparagus with its seed, **balm of Gilead**, vinegar, blood of the hare, milk of ass or mare, testicles of the deer, garlic, dittany, and the likes.


282. **Uenter**: i.e. the **abdomen**; the following are the things that stop the flux of the abdomen, and such things need to be hot and dry and to have a gross substance: red coral, **terra sigillata**, **bolus Armenicus**, shepherd's purse, roots of tormentil, ivy growing on trees, gooseberry, skin of the ash-tree, roots of the three brambles, plantain, juice of unripe sloes, *oak* galls, juice of willow, **tragacanth**, gum Arabic, gruel, alum, **teasel**, **cinquefoil**, blood of doves, ash of the horn of cow, powdered fur of the hare, ash of the horn of deer, and the likes.


283. **Uermis**: i.e. worms; these are the things that kill worms, that is, **ambergris**, **wormwood**, southernwood, bistort, garlic, rue, mint, **garden cress**, water mint, myrrh, centaury, thyme, penny royal, caraway, **cockle**, and, in particular, these are things that kill fleas.


284. **Uisus**: i.e. **sight**; these are the things that clear the sight, that is, aloes, rue, **barberry**, white poppy, alum, zinc oxide, the greater celandine, juice of centaury, juice of fenugreek, **garden cress**, ash of bats, the bile of any animal, specifically that of the eagle, flowers of copper, burnt copper, and the likes.




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285. **Uomitibus**: i.e. vomiting; these are the things that induce vomiting, that is, the base of **buttercup**, spurge, **white hellebore**, seed of orache, and **seed of horseradish**. These are the **compounds** that provoke vomiting, that is, **oximel**, acidic syrup, and juice of the root-bark of elder. These are the things that prevent vomiting, that is, to apply styptic plasters of the following substances to the upper part of the stomach: **mastix**, **frankincense**, gum Arabic, mace, **spodium**, nutmeg, and galangal; those things should be boiled in vinegar, and a linen cloth should be doubled three times and put in it, and then applied to the upper part of the stomach. Item, take rose, myrrh, juice of camphor, juice of ribwort plantain, juice of vervain, and juice of mint, mix these juices with roasted white bread, and apply it to the upper part of the stomach, and this will stop the vomiting, as we have said.


286. **Uritiua**: i.e. the things that have a burning effect, that is, **pellitory of Spain**, **stavesacre**, black pepper, mustard, garlic, quicklime, the lesser spearwort, the latex of spurge, water crowfoot, roots of **autumn crocus**, tops of nettles unpounded, and the likes.
1. Of sea holly
2. of wateriness of blood
3. of water
4. of Ierapigra Galieni.



287. **Yringi**, **socacul**: i.e. **sea holly**; it is hot and wet; its roots greatly comfort the digestion, and they open the oppilation of the 


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liver and spleen. If the root of this herb be boiled in water, and small discs be made of them, and they be pounded finely in a mortar and boiled in honey that has been purified by skimming until it is thick like an electuary, and these powders be put in it: powder of galangal, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, sweet flag rhizome, mace, cubebes, dill seed and seed of anise powdered; putting these into the same electuary produces the electuary named **Diaeryngium**. Item, this drink may be made against disease of the kidneys, and against oppilation of the liver and spleen: take a handful of the roots of this herb, roots of fennel, parsley, burnet, celery, roots of carrot, hart's tongue fern, fresh maidenhair spleenwort, ox-eye daisy, root of mugwort, meadow sweet, tops of calamint and of sage, red rose, equal amounts of each, boil them in good worts, or in the liquid known as **mulsa** (i.e. eight parts water and the ninth part honey) and put the powder of the following seeds in at the end of the boiling: powder of the seeds of fennel, parsley, burnet, alexanders, pignut seed, and foreign burnet, boil it until a quarter of it has evaporated, strain it well, purify it with honey and sugar, and put powder of liquorice and yeast into it; if it be drunk in the morning and before going to bed, this drink will clean the vagina and the kidneys, it will facilitate conception and clean the womb, it will open the oppilation of the liver and spleen and kidneys, it will increase sexual desire and the genital fluids, and it will comfort the digestion. Item, if the same herb together with **meal of barley** or with knawell be boiled in wine, it will help with stranguria and dysuria, and it will be suitable against the illness called **diabetes**, as we have said.




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288. **Ycor**: i.e. the wateriness of the blood; **Galen** says to put a drop of the blood on your fingernail after bloodletting, and, if it flows on the fingernail, the blood is watery, but if it does not flow, this is a good sign as far as the blood goes, but it is not good as regards the maintenance of health, because it indicates the increase of undigested humours in the body,


289. **Ydor**: i.e. **water**; Hippocrates and **Galen** say that it is compounded of two simple qualities, coldness and wetness, and that it does not contribute anything to the growth or nourishment, of the body unless it be compounded with other things. It counteracts everything that has hotness and dryness, and everything that counteracts hotness and wetness in this way is unable to nourish the body, because, as water quenches fire or as light overcomes darkness, that is how water quenches the natural heat. Nothing is nourished except by something that is like itself, but water is simple and the body is compound, Hence, since water does not have similarity with the body, the body is not nourished by it, as **Galen** says. It is compound things that grow and develop, and the opposite is true of simple things, so that, since water is simple, it gives no nourishment. To confirm that water is a simple, it is pointed out by **Ysaac** that every compound has a taste and smell, and as it is clear that water has neither taste nor smell, it is a simple.


290. **Yarapigra Galieni**: i.e. this is a noble compound that **Galen** prescribed; ‘iera’ in Greek is the same as ‘sacra’ in Latin, and ‘sacra’ in Latin is the same as ‘ni coisreactha’ (a consecrated thing) in Irish;


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this medicine is blessed and consecrated for illnesses of the head, and it purges the phlegmatic and melancholic humours; consequently, it is appropriate against **epilepsy**,**apoplexy**, melancholia, mania, migraine, **scotomia**, **vertigo**, and headache, it stops noise in the ear, it comforts the sight, it opens the oppilation of the liver and spleen and kidneys, it comforts the womb, it is suitable against **sciatica**, **arthritis**, **podagra**, **colic**, and ileus; there are other **compounds** called iera Rufini, iera logodion, and iera Constantini.
1. Of ginger
2. of sugar.



291. **Zinciber**: i.e. ginger; hot in the third degree and wet in the second degree; it comforts the stomach and it relaxes the intestines; it is suitable against troubles of the chest and lungs. If it be boiled in wine or ale, it will comfort pain in the stomach and intestines. If powder of ginger be sprinkled on the **anus**, it will help with **tenesmus** that is caused by coldness, and also the swellings of **piles**. If powder of ginger be put on some foods, this will give relief to people afflicted by swooning,


292. **Ziucra**: moderately hot and wet in the first degree; it has the virtues of relaxing the bowels, softening, and cooling; it makes the choleric humour more acute by reason of its sweetness, because, as **Ysaac** says, everything acid stops acuteness of the choleric humour, and everything sweet increases it. If small suppositories of honey, sugar and salt be given in the acute fevers, this will stop the


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excessive heat. There are three sorts of sugar, white sugar, yellow sugar, and sugar candy. White sugar is suitable for syrups and **compounds** made against acute fevers. Sugar candy stops the thirst and excessive heat of the stomach; it is suitable for people who are labouring In hot weather, for people with **phthisis**, hectic fever, or coughs, when given in electuaries, food, or drink; everything that is corroded or reduced by wetness is restored by sugar. To make an electuary of it, take white sugar, a pound or two, and soften it in cold water until it has all melted, put it in a brass pot to boil, and put the following comforting spices in it, that is, ginger, cinnamon, galangal, and nutmeg, boil them as appropriate, and this electuary will have the virtue of comforting the heart and all the parts of the body.


*Colophon*
----------

So we have achieved a succinct and beneficial fulfilment of this book, drawn from the **Antidotaries** and **Herbals** of the city of **Salerno**, according to the united studium of the doctors of **Montpellier**. Those masters have stated that everything that is begun in the name of God deserves to be completed in the name of God.And that is how this book was completed by **Tadhg Ó Chuinn**, bachelor in physic, in the month of October, on the feast-day of Saint Luke, the Apostle, and in the year of Our Lord one thousand, four hundred and fifteen, to be precise. The End, Amen.


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p.647


This book was written out by **Aedh Buidhe Ó Leighin**, and I
believe, if I were not dejected, that ... *(the rest of the sentence
was obliterated)*.


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p.651

3. **Abietis** (lat. **abietis**), **fir tree**.
4. **abrotanum**, see **suramunt**.
5. **absinthium** (syn. **centonica**, **pointicum**, **uormont**; lat. **absinthium**, **ponticum**), **wormwood**, **Artemisia absinthium** Webb, also, **Artemisia maritima** Webb, a main source of the drug, santonin, known as ‘worm seed’. Chapter 3.
6. **acalife**, see **neanntog**.
7. **acantum** (syn. **semen urtice**, **ros na neannta**; lat. **urtica**), **seed of nettle**, **Urtica dioica** Webb, and **Urtica urens** Webb.
8. **accacia**, see **airne**.
9. **accetum**, see **finegra**.
10. **accride**, see **meacan righ**.
11. **acedula**, see **samadh**.
12. **adann** (syn. **albagia**, **portulaca**, **pes pulli**; lat. **portulaca**), **coltsfoot**, **Tussilago farfara** Webb. Chapter 7. It appears from **Fischer**, p. 279, and Alphita, p. 149, (s.v. **Portulaca**) that **portulaca** and **pes pulli** both stood for **purslane**, **Portulaca oleracea** CTW, a variety of which was cultivated as a pot-herb, but which was not indigenous in Britain or Ireland. From Alphita, p. 140, (s.v. **Pes pulli**) and Agnus Castus (**Brodin**, 1950), it appears that, in England **pes pulli** stood for **coltsfoot**, **Tussilago farfara**. The chapter headed ‘Portulaca’ in Circa Instans is the source of the Irish text; the synonym **pes pulli** is given by **Macer Floridus**,



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and this may have misled people into thinking that the Circa Instans paragraph dealt with coltsfoot; hence **adhann** (coltsfoot) is given in the text as the Irish for **portulaca/pes pulli** (**purslane**).
13. **adarc**, a **horn**.
14. **adbar** (lat. **materia**), **matter**, a **substance**; a **cause**.
15. **adnaicid**, **to bury (a person)**.
16. **adoghmar**, **producing a high temperature** ([lt ] ad-daí, fadódh).
17. **ae** (lat. **epar**, **iecur**), the **liver**. Occurs only in nom. **ae**; gen. pl. **na n-ae**; and dat. pl., ona h-**aeibh**. As to the use of the plural in this term, see Sheahan (1938) s.v. aeibh.
18. **ae aba** (syn. **epatica**, lat. **epatica**), **common liverwort**, **Marchantia polymorpha**. Chapter 116. There has been some doubt (e.g. Ogden) as to whether what was intended by ‘liverwort’ was **Anemone**, subgenus **Hepatica** (perhaps **Anemone hepatica L.**, i.e. **Hepatica nobilis Mill.**), but the plant that is illustrated in Livre des simples medecines is **Marchantia polymorpha**.  *Circa Instans. says

Epatica ... est autem herba quedam in aquosis locis & precipue in lapidosis locis crescens, minuta habens folia, terre & lapidibus adherentia.’’*


 ***Culpeper**, p. 217, in transmitting an older tradition, indicates that it is the bryophyte which is intended:

Common Liverwort grows close, and spreads much upon the ground in moist and shady places, with many small green leaves, or rather, as it were sticking flat to one



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p.653




another, very unevenly cut in on the edges, and crumpled; from among which arise small slender stalks, an inch or two high, bearing small star-like flowers at the top. The roots are very fine and small.’’* The first element in the Irish name is clearly the liver. The second element may be Thurneysen's ‘áu áo ó’ (1946, [sect ]338), an ear or lug, which **Marchantia polymorpha** displays so clearly. Against that, the plant is called **epatica fontis** in Livre des simples medecines, though simple **epatica** in the Modena manuscript.
- **ael ur** (syn. **albesdon**, **calx uiua**; lat. **calx viva**), **quicklime**, **calcium oxide**. Chapter 20.

- **aenda** (lat. **simplex**), **simple** (as opposed to **compound**).

- **aentaibh**, see **entaib**.

- **aer**, **air**.

- **aerdha**, ‘**of the air**’, **incorporeal**.

- **affodillus**, see **creamh**.

- **agaidh**, see **aiged**.

- **agailteach**. (Chapter 8). A mess of earthworms (**agaill**). In another copy (NLI G11), the word is written **egalsach**.

- **agairg** (syn. **agaricus**, **fungus**; lat. **agaricus**), **Polyporus officinalis**, a bracket fungus that grows on larch *i.e. **white agaric or larch agaric**.* Chapter 12. It was named from Agaria in Sarmatia, which is in Russia, and, although it grew well in subalpine areas in Europe, the Europeans felt that the Russian product was the best, and it was still being imported from Russia in the 19th century. The



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distinction between the masculine and feminine sorts can be traced back to **Dioscorides**. It is believed that the female sort was the fresh, unprocessed, fungus, while the male sort consisted of the fruit-bodies with the upper scaly crust and the lower layer of hymenial tubes removed, i.e., of the homogeneous sporophore flesh only. The terms "male" and "female" were frequently employed before the time of **Linnaeus** for distinguishing between allied species. The reason why **Agaricus** is applied to a quite different fungus in botanical terminology is that **Linnaeus** despised the fungi, and did not bother to study the pre-existing names with the care that he took in the case of the flowering plants. (Buller, 1914–16).

- **agnus castus**, see **meas torc allaid**.

- **agrimonia**, see **marbdroigin**.

- **aibill uisce** (syn. **flamula**, lat. **flammula**) (Chapter 126), **water crowfoot**, **Ranunculus species**. Chapter 126. For the Continental, **flammula** was usually **Clematis flammula**, though it was also used of **Ranunculus aquatilis** and **Ranunculus sceleratus**. The main use that was made of it was as a caustic. ***Platearius** describes this property of the plant:

Dicitur flammula quia incensivam habet virtutem ... Ad cauterium sine igne vel sine ferro faciendum, conteratur flammula & super locum ponatur, et dimittatur per diem; postea invenietur cutis combusta.’’* Despite the entry in Alphita (Mowat, p. 63), **flammula**


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was understood in England to mean **Ranunculus flammula**: e.g. Agnus Castus, the Grete Herball, and William Turner. **Aibill uisce** (‘the water flame’) does not, however, indicate **Ranunculus flammula**, for which the Irish is **glaiser lena** (see Chapter 286). It is better understood to mean **water crowfoot**, and to cover a number of species of **Ranunculus** that grow in flowing water, such as **Ranunculus peltatus** Webb, and **Ranunculus aquatilis** Webb. As to **Ranunculus** in general, see **fearban**.

- **aicideach**, **artificial or induced**, as opposed to natural. Thus, ‘curtar co haicideach a ngarrgaibh e’ for ‘plantata’ (Chapter 16); ‘nadura ... aicideach’, Chapter 266, for ‘naturalem ... accidentalem.’

- **aigead**, **aigeidithi**, **acid**, **acidic**, usually referring to vinegar.

- **aighean**, **oven**.

- **aiged**, **aghaidh** (lat. **facies**), the **face**.

- **ailbi** (lat. **albus**), **white**.

- **ailginech** (lat. **leniter**), **co h-ailginech**, **gently**.

- **ailim** (syn. **alumen**, **stipteria**, **sucarium**; lat. **alumen**), **alum**. The term seems to have been used to include various astringent substances. The text, Chapter 25, says that there are three sorts of alum, **rotunndum**, **licidum**, **scissum**, and it is the **scissum** sort that ‘we’ use. **Licidum** appears to be an error for the **humidum** of Avicenna's text. The three sorts may be:
  



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**rotundum**: possibly corundum, i.e., **native aluminium oxide**, next to the diamond the hardest known mineral; in its amorphous form it makes both real and artificial rubies and other precious stones.
  

**humidum**: this may be ‘**alum cake**’, i.e., **aluminium sulphate**, which is soluble in water;
  

**scissum** appears to be the more common **"potash alum"**, K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O, which is a white crystalline solid, and is used as a styptic.

- **aillium**, see **gairleog**.

- **aillium agreiste**, see **creamh**.

- **aillsi** (lat. **cancri** (pl.), **fagedaenica**, **mordax**), **ulceration**, the process by which an ulcer spreads and which involves the death of minute portions of tissue round its edge. **Fagedaenica** appears to be from φαγειν and δανυμι, indicating ‘eating away’.

- **aimrideacht** (lat. **sterilitas**), **sterility**.

- **aimser** (lat. **tempus**, etc.), **time**, **season**.

- **aineid**, **dill**, **Peucedanum anisum (=Anethum graveolens)**, an Asiatic plant, occurring in Europe only casually as a garden escape. Chapter 33. The word takes its Irish form in Chapter 287 only; the other occurrences are of the Latin form, **anetum**.

- **ainis** (syn. **anisum**, **ciminum dulse**; lat. **anisum**, **ciminum dulce**), **anise**, **Pimpinella anisum**. Chapter 35. An Asiatic plant, much cultivated in Eastern and Southern Europe.



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- **ainmeasardha**, **ainmeasardhacht**, **immoderate**, **immoderation**.

- **ainmfeoil** (lat. **caro superflua / caro mortua**), **proudflesh**. ‘Ainfbeoil an fabra’ (chapter 13) is ‘proudflesh of the eyelash’, i.e. a **stye**.

- **ainmighe** (lat. **animal**), **animal** (both noun and adjective).

- **ainmidteach**, **co h-ainmidteach**, **specifically**.

- **ainminnt**, (lat. **quadrupes**), **animal**.

- **ainnteas** (lat. **calefactio**, **fervor**, **siccitas**, **caliditas**, **calor**), **excessive heat**.

- **ainntetair**, **antitair** (lat. **antidotarium**), a **book of compound medicines**.

- **aipidtheach** (lat. **maturandi**), **ripening**.

- **aipighidh** (lat. **maturare**), **to ripen, or bring to maturity**.

- **aipsint**, see **absinthium**, for which the word is a synonym.

- **airedha**, see **oiredha**.

- **airgead** (lat. **argentum**), **silver**.

- **airgead beo** (lat. **argentum vivum**), **mercury, quicksilver**. Chapter 39.

- **airgead luachra**, **meadowsweet**, **Filipendula ulmaria** Webb.

- **airgibh**, see **ara**, **temple**.

- **airne** (‘sugh na n-airne n-an-abaidh’, syn. **accacia**, **sucus prunellarum**; lat. **acacia**, **succus prunellorum immaturorum**), **sloes**, the fruit of the **blackthorn**, **Prunus spinosa** Webb. Chapter 2.

- **airtire** (lat. **vena**), **artery**.

- **aisling** (**aislingthi troma**, lat. **somnia terribilia et timorosa**), **dream**; in Chapter 226, what is intended may



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be ‘visual hallucinations’.

- **aitheirgid**, **recur (of poison)** (Chapter 31).

- **aithfegad**, **an aithfegad**, ‘**as compared with**’ (Chapter 266).

- **aitnim liag**, **lodestone** (i.e. magnetic iron ore which possesses polarity).

- **aitrige**, **repentance**.

- **aixis** (lat. **accessio**), **paroxysm or crisis in a fever**.

- **alacon**, see **dubcosach**.

- **alagsandrum**, see **elistront**.

- **alapin**, see **scilla**.

- **alapsa**, see **galla**.

- ****Alaxanndria****, the city of **Alexandria**, in Egypt.

- **albagia**, see **adann**.

- **albedarug**, see **colambin**.

- **albesdon**, see **ael ur**.

- **alga** (‘d'algaibh an bheoil & na teangadh’, lat. **fixuras oris**), **thrush-sores** (Chapter 104).

- **allapisia** (lat. **allopicia**). The reference in Chapter 30 is ‘an luibri re n-abar allapisia’, rendering ‘lepram que dicitur allopicia’ ( Circa Instans), and, if we are to take this literally, the disease in question is **lepra alopecia** (see **luibhri**), and not the ordinary alopecia. **Lepra alopecia** is distinguished as follows in Lile Eg 34r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 22): ‘Et is iat so comurthai an leanna pecaigheas .i. da mbia o fuil deirg bidh dath na haighthi ac dul a ndeirgi dorcha & att isin aghaid



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maille re moran do ballaibh dearga creachtacha asa tic sugh nemhneach & deirgi na sul & inntogh na n-abhradh & fuil ac teacht asa sroin les gach cuis da loighed & bith baladh bren trom arin corp uile & an fual ac dul a ndeirgi & a tighi ... Maseadh, da roibh o fuil deirg aderur allapisia ria...’
  

However, it is likely that the disease in mind is the ordinary alopecia, described at Lile Eg 48r & v ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 1): ‘Is eadh is allopicia and tuitim an fuilt maille re crechtaibh gan lanna gan truscar ... Signa, in tan do-chifeam in folt ac tuitim gan cuis follus facam an fuilid lanna no truscar mar bun ann, & muna fuilid, facam an fuilid crechta fa bun an finnfaidh & ma ata is allopicia hi, & da mbia in dath ac dul a ndeirgi is o fuil dearg truaillidhe ata & da mbia ac dul a mbuidheacht is o linn ruagh & da mbia ac dul a mbaine maille re sileadh no rena cosmailibh is o linn finn & da mbia ac dul a nduibhe no a nglaisi is o linn dubh.’ See **maili**.

- **allus** (lat. **sudor**), **sweat**.

- **allusal**, see **cepa**.

- **almont** (syn. **nux longa**; lat. **amygdalum**), **almond**, **Prunus amygdalus** CTW (=**Prunus dulcis** Miller). Chapter 211. The variety **Prunus dulcis** it the **sweet almond** (na h-**almonta millsi**), and the variety **Prunus amara** is the **bitter almond** (na h-**almonta serbha**). A native of West Asia, it is widely cultivated in the countries bordering the 



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Mediterranean. **Almond oil** (**bainne almoint**) is a fixed oil obtained by expression from the seeds.

- **aloes** (syn. **aloe**, **epaticum**, **cicotrinum**; lat. **aloes**), **aloes**. Chapter 22. This is the solid residue obtained by evaporating the liquid which drains from the transversely cut leaves of various species of the liliaceous genus, **Aloe**. The juice is concentrated by boiling, and solidifies on cooling. The best species used was **Aloe perryi**, from the island of Socotra, off the horn of Africa for which reason the island received the attentions of Alexander the Great. As the Irish text says, **epaticum** refers to the colour of one sort of aloes. **Cicotrinum** seems to be an amalgam made up of **Socotra** and **citrinum** (=yellow), as the name of another sort. **Beck** (1940) p. 41 discusses the exceptionally long chapter on aloes in Circa Instans.

- **alphur**, see **fuinnseog**.

- **alsiteis**, **ascites**, dropsical swelling of the abdomen. Lile Eg 164r ( LM Pt. 6, Ch. 5): ‘Et is iat so comarthadha alsites .i. puls bec minic & da ngluaister an medon do-ni fodur mar buidel leath lan d'uisce, mar aderadh 'co ac co ac'.’ See **idroipis**.

- **alt** (lat. **articulus**), a **joint (of the body)**. **d'altaibh an droma** (lat. **spina**), the **backbone**.

- **altea**, see **leamhadh**.

- **alumen**, see **ailim**.

- **amarisga** (lat. **amarissa**), see **maelan muilithi**.



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- **ambra** (syn. **spearma ceti**, **coimpert an mil mor**; lat. **ambra**, dicitur **sperma ceti**), **ambergris**. Chapter 26. This streaky grey or brown waxy substance is found in the intestines of sperm whales, or floating in the sea where the whale has eliminated it, and lumps up to 100 lb have been found. It is thought to be the remains of the beaks of squid eaten by the whale. It is used in perfumes to give them a longer life, and, on its own, it has a fragrant odour like musk.
  

From the time of the first visitation of the bubonic plague in 1348, ambergris was used as protection from plague. Complicated recipes including ambergris existed for aromatic balls to be carried in the hand to neutralize the corrupt air that was believed to bring the plague, and for syrups for internal use. Rooms where the plague had visited were fumigated with it. It was, however, very expensive, and it was therefore available only to the wealthy: **Riddle** (1964).
  

The term **spermaceti** is now applied to a solid wax obtained from the oils derived from the head and blubber of certain whales.

- **ambrosiana** see **iubar sleibe**.

- **amedum**, see **amillum**.

- **ameid** (lat. **amidum**), **starch**. See **amillum**. Chapter 29.

- **amillum** (syn. **amedum**; lat. **amidum**, **amilum**), **starch**. **Amedum** occurs in an Irish form, **ameid**, q. v.

- **amprismorum**, refers to the **Aphorisms of Hippocrates**.



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- **an-abaigh**, **unripe**.

- **anabulla**, see **gerr an eighmhe** and **titimaillus**.

- **anacardi**, **marking nut**, species of **Semecarpus**, especially **Semecarpus anacardium**. Sometimes called cashew nut, a term that is now applied to a species cultivated in the West Indies.

- **anal**, **breath**.

- **anam** (lat. **anima**); in medical usage, more akin to ‘**mind**’ than to ‘**soul**’.

- **anastropa** (elsewhere written as **anastropha**), **gastric spasm**. Lile Eg 143r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 13): ‘Is eadh is anastropha and ... innarbadh luath an bidh trit na ballaibh uachtaracha.’

- **ancula alba**, see **scabiosa**.

- **andicum** (lat. **Indicum**), **Indian**.

- **andiuia** (lat. **scariola**), the **cultivated endive**, **Cichorium endivia** CTW.

- **anetum**, see **aineid**.

- **anisum**, see **ainis**.

- **anmainde** (lat. **debilitas**, **defectio**), **weakness or debility**.

- **anmuindigidh** (lat. **debilitas**), **weakens**.

- **anmann** (lat. **macilentus**, **debilis**), **weak**.

- **anntoil**, **lust**.

- **antera** (syn. **flos rose**, **blath an rosa**), the **anthers of the rose**, i.e., the little sacks that contain the pollen. Chapter 34. Circa Instans says, s.v.‘Rosa’, ‘... detur etiam pulvis in ovo sorbili. Antera dicitur, scilicet



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flos rose, scilicet quiddam quod interius reperitur.’ **Rufinus** (**Thorndike**, 1946, 273) from Synonyma: ‘Rose semen eius anthera; eis utimur’. From Greek **ανθηρς**.

- **antrax** (lat. **anthrax**), "a malygne pustle" (Wulff, 1929). Lile Eg 27r & v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 19, Rub. 1): ‘Is eadh is antrax & is carbonclus ann neascoidi beca no gorain neimnacha & bith an loscadh nisa mo a carbonclus & is uime sin bis in t-inadh dubh mar smeroid. Antrax vero, linn ruagh is mo tigernaigeas ann & is amhlaidh aitintear iat ar son co mbi moran do dhathaibh ar tus timchill an gorain a modh cercailli mar ata dath buidhe & dath dearg & dath liuidus & dath dubh ... Is uime aderar anntrax on focal so antrum .i. clais, ar son co ndenann clais mar a mbi & is uime aderar carbonclus on fhocal so carbo ar son co loiscinn mar smeroid teinntighi & co ndubhann asa haithle.’ See **filun**.

- **antribulata**, see **intribulata**.

- **an-umal** (lat. **inobediens**), ‘**a problem for**’.

- **apium**, see **meirsi**.

- **apoplexia** (lat. **apoplexia**), **apoplexy**. Lile Eg 75v & 76r ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 26): ‘Is eadh is apoplexia and easlainte incinne bacus mothughadh & gluaiseacht don corp uile co luath obann maille re guth mor roimpi arna denamh o duintibh a fidhisibh & a cabhanaibh oiredha & neamh-oiredha na hincinde ... Da ngairtear tu cum othair & co faicfir gluaiseacht mar do beadh codlad trom domuin air a cosmaileas an codalta re n-abur



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**subeth** & ac sranfartaigh, gair ina ainm e do guth ard & tairring a fholt & fill a mer & faisc co laidir iat & goin le snathaid no le steil e & muna fregra tu ar aon cor is fer apoplexia e.’

- **apostolicon** (lat. **apostolicon**), a compound medicine. See Introduction, Chapter 4 *p. 52*.

- **aqua rosasium** (lat. **aqua rosacea**), **rose water**.

- **ara** (lat. **timpora**), the **temples** (of one's head). Nom. pl. na hairgi; gen. pl., na n-airgeadh; dat. pl., arna hairgibh.

- **araibicum**, **Arabic**.

- ****Araip****, ****Arabia****.

- **aran** (lat. **panis**), **bread**.

- **arasca**, see **tataba**.

- **argallamh** (syn. **auripimentum**, **arsenicum**; lat. **auripigmentum**), **orpiment**, **the yellow mineral, arsenius trisulphide (As2s3)**, Chapter 37. An amphora full of this substance was found in the shipwreck at Ulu Burun, off the southern coast of Turkey in Asia, dated to the 14th century BC. One of its uses in ancient times was to give consistency and colour to the wax on a writing tablet, by mixing the wax with 25 per cent orpiment. (Bass, 1987).



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- **argentaria**, see **talamh selaithi**.

- **argimonia**, see **agrimonia**.

- **arigentum vivum**, see **airgid beo**.

- **aroistoloia**, see **stoinsi**.

- **aron barba**, see **geadhar**.

- **arracia**, see **eilitreog**.

- **arrachtus** (lat. **audacia**), **courage**.

- **arrsaideacht**, normally, **(old) age** (lat. **vetustas**); in Chapter 227, "very old" (lat. **decrepitus**).

- **arrsaigh** (lat. **vetus**), **old**.

- **arsenicum**, see **argallamh**.

- **artamesia**, see **buatfallan liath**.

- **artetica** (lat. **arthetica**), **arthritis**. *Thomas of Cantimpré (1973 i 71):

Nota autem divisionem artetice quadruplicem; artetica proprie vocatur gutta que tenetur in articulis. Sciatica passio vocatur a scia, scie; cyragra a manibus, podagra a pedibus.’’*

- **aru** (lat. **renes**, **nefreticus**), **kidneys**.

- **asafetida** (lat. **assa fetida**), **asafoetida**, an oleo-gum-resin obtained by incision from the living rhizomes and root of **Ferula foetida** and other species of **Ferula**. Chapter 40. The plant is about nine feet tall, and grows in Persia and to the north of India. The substance has a strong and unpleasant smell of garlic, and a bitter taste.



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- **asal** (lat. **asinus**), **donkey**.

- **ascal** (lat. **subassellae**), **armpit**.

- **asma** (lat. **asma**), **asthma**. Lile Eg 118r ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 8): ‘Is eadh is asma ann docamhail anala maille re foghar, mar ata disnia ina docamhail anala gan fodhar. An lucht asma, vero, bith an n-anal co luath mar do beith neach ac rith no ac saothar no amail do beith neach ac rith no ac saothar no amail do beith neach aca muchadh & an lucht ara mbi disnia bith an n-anal amail anail duine ara mbeith muchadh no amail anail lobuir foirfi & cuiridh an férsa deifir eatorra: Disnia se *celat* canit asma malumque reuelat, .i. celidh an disnia i fen & labhraidh an asma & foillsigidh a holc.’

- **asola** (= **esula**), see **eisbeorna**.

- **asuir** (lat. **lazulum**), **azure**, a sky-blue colour or pigment.

- **ataighidh**, **dwell**.

- **athair talman** (syn. **mellifolium**; lat. **millefolium**), **yarrow**, **Achillea millefolium** Webb. Chapter 192. 
**Rufinus** (**Thorndike**, 1946, 191): ‘Millefolium alio nomine ambrosia et supercilium Veneris el etiam centonium minus dicitur. Gambam facit aliquantulum longam; eius folia minutissima ut feniculus vel abrotanum; eius flos albus in corona rotunda ut pastinaca; foliis utimur. Nam eius flores interficiunt lumbricos propter amaritudinem quam habent. Nam aliqui flores sunt albi, alii crocei et alii violacei, et sunt omnes in coronis rotundis in sumitatibus ramusculorum



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ut semina feniculi.’

- **atarrach**, **to change**.

- **athanasia**, see **lus na frannc**.

- **athasar**, see **poiliol ruibel**.

- **athgabaidh**, **retakes possession**.

- **atnuaigidh**, **renews**.

- **atruigidh**, **changes**.

- **att** (lat. **tumor**, **inflatio**), **swelling**.

- **attairrngteach** (lat. **attrahendi, attractivus**), **attractive, drawing**.

- **attarraing, drawing**.

- **attcomaill** (lat. **tumor**), **swelling**. **Att** and **attcomaill** are both used to render **tumor**. **Comall** ([lt ]con-alla) is to fulfil, and its use in this context may contain the concept of the filling of a space (cf. DIL, 2 do-alla, 1 ellach II) *(eDIL s.v. 2 do-alla or dil.ie/17179)*. It is suggested that **att** is swelling in general, and **attcomaill** is a swelling which is regarded as that of a distended cavity, such as a dropsical swelling of the abdomen (i.e. ascites), or a cyst. Thus, **attcomaill na sul** would be a Meibomian cyst of the eyelids, and **attcomaill na cos & na lamh** would refer to dropsy in the feet and hands.

- **attriplex**, see **eilitreog**.

- **auansia**, see **macall**.

- **auellana**, see **cno gaeidilach**.

- **auena**, see **coirci**.

- **auricula muris**, see **liathlus beag**.



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p.668


- **auripimentum**, see **argallamh**.

- **aurum**, see **or**.

- ****Babileoin**** (lat. ****Babilonia****), ****Babylon****.

- **bainne** (syn. **lacc**; lat. **lac**), **milk**. Chapter 160. **Bainne cic** (lat. **lac mulieris**, etc.), **human milk**. Also used of **almond oil**, see **almont**, and of the latex of spurge, **bainne gearr na heigmhe**, Chapter 286. Also, a drop.

- **baistillerach**, **bachelor**, i.e. one who has taken the first degree at a university.

- **baithid** (lat. **extinctum fuerit**, **abluatur**), **immerses (a [hot] metal in a liquid)**. Normally, **drowns**.

- **baitis, batas** (lat. **caput**), the **top of the head**.

- **baladh** (lat. **odor**), **smell**; **deaghbaladh**, lat. **redolet**; **drochbaladh**, lat. **fetet**.

- **balanon**, see **measoga daracha**.

- **ball**, (lat. **membrum**, **pars**), any **part of the body**; **na baill spiradalta**, lat. **spiritualia**, **the respiratory organs**; **na baill feitheacha**, lat. **nervi**, the ‘**nerves**’.

- **ballan**, **nipple**.

- **balsamita**, see **cartlann**.

- **balsamum** (lat. **balsamus**), **balm of Gilead**, a substance containing resin and benzoic acid, obtained from **Commiphora opobalsamum**. Chapter 51.

- **baluart**, see **ualuart**.

- **banaltra** (lat. **lactans**), a **nurse, i.e. a woman nursing a baby**.



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- **bancia**, see **meacan righ**.

- **bannda** (lat. **femina**), **feminine**.

- **banndacht** (lat. **vulva**, **matrix**, **genitalia**). The female reproductive system as a whole was the **matrix**, Irish **maclac** (i.e. ‘the baby's place’), but those terms were often used for specific parts of the system. **Banndacht** was usually reserved for the **vulva**.

- **barba filicana**, see **cruach padraig**.

- **barba Iouis**, see **teneagal**.

- ****Barbara****. ‘An tir darub ainm Barbara’, lat. ‘in barbarie regione’; this may refer to the ancient port of **Barbarike**, via which rhubarb was formerly shipped to Europe from Tibet.

- **barba siluana**, see **glaiser coille**.

- **barba sina**, see **lus na laedh**.

- **barbarum**, see **reubarbrum**.

- **bardana**, see **meacan tua**.

- **barr**, **top**. Of herbs, lat. **turio**, **folia**. **Barr bainne**, **cream**.

- **bas, bos**, the **palm of the hand**.

- **bás** (lat. **mors**), **death**.

- **basilicon**, see **colambin**.

- **batas = baitis**, q. v.

- **batlach**, an **unsophisticated person**; **icslainte na mbatlach**, lat. **tyriaca rusticorum**, ‘**poor man's theriac**’, a facetious name for garlic. **Theriac** was originally a cure for an injury inflicted by a wild animal, but came



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in time to mean a panacea.

- **beach**, a **bee**.

- **beanaid**, **takes**; of plants, **a buain** (lat. **colligitur**), **to gather (plants)**; **boin sudh asdu**, **extract the juice**; ‘an ainmighi as na beantar’, ‘the animal "out of whom was not taken"’, i.e., who was not castrated.

- **beannaithi**, **blessed**.

- **bearbaidh**, **boils**. There is some confusion between heating, cooking, boiling and infusing. Irish terms are **bruithidh** and **bearbaidh**. Latin, **calefacere**, **coquere**, **decoquere**, **bullire**, **elixus**. **Decoction** meant boiling the plant in water for a time and macerating it for a time afterwards. **Infusion** meant pouring boiling water over the plant and covering it and leaving it to stand for a while. Other methods that were used to extract substances from the plant were **maceration**, which was to soak the plant in cold water for a time; and **extraction of juices**, by parboiling the fresh plant very briefly, and then subjecting it to pressure in a press. In each case, the liquid was finally strained through a finely woven cloth.

- **bearraid** (lat. **abradere**), **shave**.

- **beata**, **life**.

- **beiridh**, **carries, bears**; **beiridh a brigh**, **it retains its efficacy**; **beiridh a toirrceas**, **beiridh leanamh**, **she gives birth**; **beartar an leanamh uaithi**, **the baby is taken from her (in birth)**.



---

p.671


- **bel**: an **orifice, normally a person's mouth**, lat. **os**; 
  

**bel an gaili**, **strictly, the entrance or cardiac orifice of the stomach, but usually referring to the outer surface thereover** (lat. **furcula pectoris**, **os stomachi**);
  

**bel an maclaig**, see **maclac**; 
  

**bel na n-isgad**, see **isgad**.

- **bellirisi,** see **mirbulani**.

- **benedicta**, a compound medicine. See Introduction, Chapter 4 *p. 52*.

- **beodacht** (lat. **solicitudo**), **liveliness**. In the context of Chapter 280, a lively interest.

- **berberis**, the **barberry**, **Berberis vulgaris** Webb.

- **bernix**, see **vernix**.

- **beta**, see **biatus**.

- **bethadhach**, **beast**.

- **betonica**, see **bitoine**.

- **biadh** (lat. **cibus**), **food**.

- **biadhamail**, **biadhamlacht** (lat. **glutinositas**), **treacly and substantial**. This term is used in Lile (e.g. 181va, line 25; LM Pt. 7, Ch. 3) to render **muccilago**.

- **biatus** (syn. **beta**, **pleta**, **cicula**; lat. **sicla**), **beet**, **Beta vulgaris** Webb. Chapter 58.

- **bibolica**, see **fotlact**.

- **bidellium** (lat. **bdellium**), **bdellium**, a gum resin resembling myrrh, of which several varieties are recognised. Probably from **Commiphora roxburghii** (from



---

p.672




India) or **Commiphora africana** (north-east Africa).

- **bilar**, see **bilur uisce**.

- **biliria**, see **fotlact**.

- **bilonia**, see **coinneall mhuire**.

- **bilur muire** (syn. **ipofilia**), **brooklime**, **Veronica beccabunga** Webb. Chapter 159. See **local**.

- **bilur uisce**, **bilar** (syn. **nastursium**; lat. **nasturcium**), **watercress**, **Nasturtium officinale** Webb, and **Nasturtium microphyllum** Webb. Chapter 205. As to the **cultivated cress**, see **gaill bilur**.

- **binid**, **rennet**, i.e. a substance used to curdle milk when making cheese, usually the curdled milk found in the stomach of an unweaned calf.

- **bisa**, see **ruibh**.

- **bismalua**, see **leamhadh**.

- **bitnua** (syn. **fugo demonum**; lat. **ypericon**), **St. John's wort**, **Hypericum perforatum** Webb. Chapter 138.

- **bitoine** (syn. **bitonica**; lat. **betonica**), **betony**, **Stachys officinalis** Webb. Chapter 63.

- **blaesc, blaisc, plaesc** (lat. **testa**), **shell (e.g. of egg)**.

- **blanca**, a compound medicine, See Introduction, Chapter 4 *p. 52*.

- **blas** (lat. **sapor**), **taste**.

- **blath** (lat. **flos**), **flower**; 
  

**blath an rosa**, see **antera**; 
  

**blath na raibhe uisce**, see **raibh uisce**.

- **blath in luaidhe** (syn. **cerusa**; lat. **cerusa**, **flos plumbi**),



---

p.673



‘**flower of lead**’, **ceruse**, i.e. **white lead**, **basic lead carbonate**. Chapter 82. See **luaighe**.

- **blath na fuinnseoigi**, see **fuinnseog**.

- **blath na time** (syn. **epetimen**; lat. **epithimum**), the **dodder that parasitises thyme**, **Cuscuta epithymum** Webb. Chapter 117.

- **bligid** (lat. **mulgere**), **milks**. The references in Chapter 160 indicate that there is a point to using milk immediately on its being expressed.

- **blonaig** (lat. **assungia, axungia**, **adeps**, **pinguis**), the **lard or soft fat of an animal**.

- **bo** (lat. adj., **vaccinus**), **cow**.

- **bocaidi** (lat. adj., **hyrcinum**), a **male or puck goat**.

- **bocan**, see **fuil bocain**.

- **bog** (lat. **calidus, tepidus**, **(cera) liquefacta**), **warm, soft**.

- **bogaidh**: **softens** (lat. **mollire**); **relaxes** (lat. **laxare, relaxare**, **lenire**); in Chapter 29, ‘no go mboga an gran’ (lat. **putrefactum**) appears to refer to the freeing of the starch from gluten, which remains in a sticky mass, while the starch separates on standing from the milky washings.

- **bolg**: **belly**; occurs only in **bolga an daergalair**, (lat. **condilomata quasi glandule**, **emorroidas**, **thenasmon**), the **swellings of piles**.

- **bolgam**, a **sup**.

- **boltanugadh** (lat. **olfactus**), **smell**.



---

p.674


- **bolus Armenicus**, see **uir sleibi Armeinia**.

- **bonn** (lat. **vole manuum et pedum**), the **sole of the foot**.

- **borax** (lat. **borax**), **borax**. In Chapter 61, the Irish text, following Circa Instans, states that this is the **gum of a tree**. However, the Irish author adds, apparently on his own account, ‘as leis daingnid na cerdada na mitaill ele re ceili’, which suggests that he was aware that borax, **sodium borate**, occurs as a native salt.

- **borraiste** (lat. **borago**), **borage**, **Borago officinalis** CTW.

- **bos**, see **bas**.

- **bo-samhadh**, see **samadh**.

- **bracadh** (lat. **humiditas**), **a liquid substance**. In Chapter 197, it refers to **musk**.

- **bracteos**, see **liathan locadh**.

- **braen**, a **drop**.

- **braighid** (lat. **collum**, **guttur**), **throat**.

- **braitlis**, **unfermented worts**.

- **bran** (lat. **furfur**), **bran**.

- **branca ursina**, see **gallfotannan**.

- **brat** (‘bratt & finn na sul’, lat. **pannum oculorum**), a **fibrous web, like a piece of cloth** (i.e., = **pannum**). In relation to the eyes, it probably refers to **trachoma**, a disease due to a virus, which is characterised by pale-coloured nodules, rather like boiled sago, on the conjunctiva (mucous membrane) which lines the eyelids. The cornea becomes covered with a hazy film. The disease is chronic, persistent, and severe, and is the



---

p.675




greatest single cause of loss of sight.

- **breid** (lat. **pecia**), a **piece of cloth**.

- **breith**, the **womb**.

- **bren** (lat. **fetidus**), **bad-smelling**.

- **brenaidh** (lat. **putrescere**), **(of cheese) goes bad**.

- **brenanalaighi** (lat. **fetor oris**), **badness of breath**.

- **brentas** (lat. **fetor**), a **bad smell**.

- **brici** (‘in aigid ... a fathadh & a brici’, lat. **tuberositatibus desiccatis**), **freckles, spots, blotches**. In Lile, the term **breicnighi** (its present-day form is **bricíní**) covers a wide field, from freckles to symptoms of serious diseases. It appears that the name **lentigo** is from **lens**, apparently in reference to the (double) convex form of the seeds of lentil, and the description indicates wide, round discoloured lumps. The ‘**true lentigo**’ looks like the eruptions that occur at a certain stage of enteric (=typhoid) fever, but **lentigo** also appears to include the rash of scarlet fever and the acne associated with dyspepsia.
  

Lile Eg 100v-101r ( LM Pt. 3, Ch. 24): ‘Lentigines sunt infecciones cutis faciei ut plurimum’ .i. ‘is eadh is breicnighi ann salchur croicinn na haithche ni is mionca, & uair and croicinn an cuirp uile.
  

CAUSE: tic an salcur so uair and co hinmedonac & uair eli co foirimilleach. Go foirimilleach mar is follus in tan ticid o ro-teasaideacht greini no o aer truaillidhe cona cosmailibh. Et mas co hinmedonach



---

p.676




teguit, tic sin o faothugadh, no o tosach na fola mista, no fola an daergalair, no o fostugadh na n-imarcach eli do gnathuigheadh d'fholmugadh, no o maitheas na brighi ag glanadh an cuirp ona imurcachaibh, no o mailis an leanna ac dul a foirimill.
  
 
SIGNA: da mbe o cuisibh foirimillacha no o fostoghadh na n-imurcach do cleachtadh d'innarbudh, aithintear sin o fhoillsiughadh an othair & madh o fhaethughadh bes, aithintear sin o etromugadh an othair & o scur an fhiabruis, & madh o maithes na naduir bes, beith gan gere can teinneas, & madh o mailis in adhbuir bes, bith maille re droch-aicidibh eigin do shir, mar ata tochus & teinneas & anbfhuinne tochluighthe & a cosmaile. Et da mbia salcur an croicinn o fuil deirg bith ac dul a ndeirgi, & da mbia o linn ruagh, ac dul a mbuideacht, & da mbia o linn finn, ac dul a ngile, & da mbia o linn dubh, bidh ag dul a nguirme & a nduibe, & madh o fuil truaillidhe bes, bith dath an croicinn mar fuil mairbh.
  
 
PROGNOSTICACIO: da ti brecnighi & salchur croicinn a fiabrus roim comurtaibh in dileaghtha & in la nach la faethuighthe, is ro-olc & is marbtach in comurtha & is uime sin is coir croicinn na droingi sin d'fechain co minic.
  

CURACIO: da mbia salcur san aghaidh & in corp linta no tighernas ac fuil deirg ann, leigtear cuisli a cefalica, & da mbia sa corp uile, leigtear a mediana & ainnsein a **sophena**, & is mor foghnus fuiliugadh arna



---

p.677




colpadhaibh no idir na slinnenaibh no fon smeig, maseadh folmuighthir in linn fona riachtanas a les, & is ro-minic adubhradh so, maseadh dentar stufadha & tabartar opiatadha *foiniar* a tus an adhbuir, & adubramar moran aran adhbar so sa cet leabur. Et ar nglanadh an cuirp co imslan, dentar uinniminte & coimilta & uisceadha & a cosmaile do glanadh in croicind. Et is iat so na neithi adhburdha da ndentar sin .i.
  

min eorna &
  
 
min milium &
  
 
fenugrecum &
  
 
lupinorum &
  
 
almont tserbha &
  

raibh &
  

ael &
  

uitreolum &
  
 
nitrum &
  
 
mirr &
  

sal armoniacum &
  

porcellana &
  

sligen geala muirighi &
  

cruel & be e geal & dearg &
  

amidum &
  

caindi &
  

penidie &
  

licoris &
  



---

p.678




bainne figidh &
  
 
arsenicum arna tairring &
  
 
airgidluim &
  

domblas ae en beris a cuid ar eigin &
  

uisce tartarum &
  

uisce rafanus &
  

gedhar &
  

dragontia &
  

lili &
  

blatha truim &
  

blatha ponaire &
  

fumiter &
  

maiorana
  

& co hairithi sa fuil mairbh nua, oir an tan is arrsaidh hi is eigin fuiliughadh do denumh, &
  

gum na ruibhe fiadhain &
  

croicinn citruini &
  

finegra finn &
  

sugh brain &
  

min risi &
  

bainne duille na figidh, no a barr, no na figedha, no an t-uisce ara mbearbtar;
  
 
fortachtaigidh an t-uisce ara mbearbtar figidh arna ol, oir glanaidh so salcur an croicinn, & ni headh amhain acht furtachtaidh an naduir d'innarbadh na n-imurcach a foirimill; & fedtar trosisci do denum do aen ni no do moran dib so fo riachtanas a les na neithidh rannuidhe.



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p.679




Et an tan bus ail a ngnathughadh, a cumasc le huisce blatha ponaire no re bainne & a coimilt don aghaidh san oidhche & a hinnladh sa lo arna marach le huisce brain; gidheadh, do budh maith in gach ni dib so, ar nglanadh an cuirp, an croicinn do bogadh le deathach uisce ara mbearbtar malua & bismalua & caith eorna & coirce. Et do rinnemar comraiti fada aran maisiughadh sa cet leabur & co ndingnam caibidil specialta a ndeireadh na hainntidare de & is uime sin scuirim annso de.
  

CLARIFICACIO: dleaghar a tuicsin da mbia an corp línta co huilidhe co ndleaghar cuisli do leigin a basilica & muna bia an línadh a comor sin & an salchur do beith isin corp uile leigtear mediana & madh isin aghaidh bes leigtear a cifalica. An .2. ni dleaghar do tuicsin .i. curob mionca & curob mo tegmus an truailliughadh so o linn dubh & is doigh da tegmadh o leannaibh eli nach lentigines co dilis iat oir bidh lentigines do shir ac dul a riabhcacht eigin & bith an salchur ballach mar lentes & mar sin bhid lethan cruinn & a ndath ac dul a riabhcacht; gidheadh bith gne do linn dubh ro-reamur & is uadha sin do-nitear gorain & scabies & mala mortuum isna ballaibh ichtaracha & *an uair is* nemreimhe na sin e teid cum na haidche & ni heidir a discaileadh & is uime sin do-ni lentigenes. Linn ruagh vero, is urusa a discaileadh muna bia arna remhrughadh o cumasc no o loscadh.’

- **brigh** (lat. **virtus**, **vis**, **efficacia**, **proprietas**), **virtue**,



---

p.680


**power**, **effect**.

- **brisc**, **brittle**.

- **(na) brisclain** (syn. **tanasetum agreste**), **silverweed**, **Potentilla anserina** Webb. Chapter 267.

- **brisidh**, **breaks** (lat. **frangere, findere**); **to pound with a mortar and pestle** (lat. **terere, conterere, contundere, fiat pulvis**); of the voice, ‘gairbi in gotha noc brisis o fuaraideacht’, (lat. ‘clarificat raucam vocem’); **to burst a boil** (lat. **rumpere**); of a cracked lip, ‘an aigid brisidh an beoil’ (lat. ‘contra ragadias .i. fixuras labiorum’).

- **bron** (lat. **tristicia, capitis strictura**), **sorrow**.

- **bru, gen. brond** (lat. **venter, alvus, stomacus**), the **abdomen**. Chapter 282.

- **bruchtadh** (lat. **eructuatio**), **belching**.

- **brughadh**, **bruise**.

- **bruisingni** (lat. **ad ungues reparandos**), **decaying or flaking fingernails**. This may be the **pannaricium** (cf. **pannosus**, **ragged, tattered**) of Lile Eg 45r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 28): ‘Is eadh is pannaricium and neascoid teinn teasaide bis a mbun na n-ingean, uair and maille le creacht & uair eli maille le sileadh neimhneach, & ni bhi an mer gan guasacht in tan sin ... Et da mbia creacht and leigestar hi le haloe & le tuis & le harcenicum.’ The reference to **orpiment** (**arcenicum**) tallies with the last sentence in Chapter 37 of the present text.



---

p.681


- **bruithidh** (lat. **coquere, decoquere, elixare, apozima, pistare**) **cooks**. See **bearbaidh**; cf. Chapter 25, ‘bruit mil & finegra & beirb noco mbia a tigi meala’; Chapter 103, ‘beirb ar fin & ar ola ... a bearbadh ina haitle noco ndeaca an fin fo bruit’ (lat. ‘usque dum reducatur ad oleum’). **Bruithidh** is much used in the first half of the text, but it is not used at all after Chapter 103.

- **bruitida** (lat. **impetigo**, **serpigo**), **pimples**. Lile Eg 27v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 19, Rub. 1): ‘Impetigo serpigo formica miliaris et formica deambulatiua sunt pustule parue corrumpiens & inficientes cutim’ .i. ‘na neithe so ader is gorain beca iat truaillis & tshalchas in croicinn do-nitear o linn ruagh loisce seim nis mo & is uime sin tshiblaid & gluaisid; fasaid ar fud an cuirp no in croicinn & do-citear uair and etillac do denum doibh & uair eli cumsanadh an en inad & uair and gabhuid moran don croicinn & uair eli beagan & gairtear a coitcinne emberbes no ignis uolatilis & bit maille re teasaideacht & re tennis & re deirgi & re truailliughadh & uair and creachtnaigid & cnaidit & is uime sin fedtar a n-airemh idir eslantibh an croicinn.’ See **carraighe**.

- **bruscar** (‘bith ana bruscar min’, lat. ‘facile pulverizatur’), a **heap of raggedy small pieces**.

- **bruscus**, see **gilcach sleibhe**.

- **bruth** (lat. **excoriatio**, **scabies**, **prudor**, **pruritus mordax**, **prurigo**, **scrophae**, **ulcus**, **serpigo**, **impetigo**), an **itchy



---

p.682




sore**.

- **bruthadh**; ‘don ball arna bruthadh’, for the sore part. See **bruth**.

- **buaid**, a **beneficial characteristic**.

- **bualadh** (lat. **percussio**), **a blow, a beating**.

- **bualtrach**, **cow dung**.

- **buatfallan liath** (syn. **artamesia**, **mater herbarum**; lat. **arthemisia**), **mugwort**, **Artemisia vulgaris** Webb. Chapter 42.

- **buidheacair** (lat. **icteritia**), **jaundice**. Lile Eg 166v, 167r ( LM Pt. 6, Ch. 6): ‘Is eadh is buideacair ann salchar uilidhe an croicinn ... Et atait tri gneithi ar yctericia .i. citrina & uiridis & nigra ... Mad o cuisibh tinnscainteacha bes, do gabur sin o foillsiugadh an othair, & mad ona haeibh beas bith maille re truaighi in coirp uile & re truimidheacht na leithe dheis. Et madh o sparan an domblais bes, tic co hobann, & madh hi an tslighe teid cum na n-inne bes duinte, bid an feradh geal & bith dath na haidhchi buidhi & bid seirbi beil & tart ann & mad hi an tslighe teid cum in gaili beas duinte, bith an fual dathi tiugh crochdha & bith an t-ingl– dathi lés. Et mad on tsheilg bes bith cruas & truimideacht isin tsheilg & is follus comarta eli leanna duibh. Et dleaghar a tuicsin nach tic buideacair buidhi na crochda on tsheilg coidhche acht dubh do shir gidheadh fedaidh buideacair dubh teacht ona haeibh & on tseilg & is iat a



---

p.683




comartaighi idirdealaca oir an buideacair tic ona haeibh ni comdubh hi & in tan bis on tsheilg & ni follus cruas na truimideacht isin tsheilg an tan sin.’

- **buighean** (lat. **vitellus**), **yolk (of egg)**.

- **buigi** (lat. **mollicia**), **softness**.

- **buighi** (lat. **citrinus**), **yellow**.

- **buighri** (lat. **surditas**), **deafness**.

- **builing** (lat. **panis**), a **loaf (of bread)**.

- **bun**, the **lower part, above ground, of a plant**.

- **bunait na feitheadh**, the **place of origin of the nerves**. The treatment for paralysis in Chapter 152 compares with Rosa Anglica (Wulff, 1929, p. 266), and also with Lile Eg 77v, where ‘bunadhus na feithidh’ is used in the course of rendering ‘debemus considerare quod medicamina apponantur in origine neruorum’ ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 27). From Thomas of Cantimpré (1973 i 40), the place in question appears to be the (back of the) head: ‘Nervi oriuntur a cerebro, unde omnis sensus a nervis est. Statim enim quando leditur aliquod membrum, dolor cerebrum tangit. Ex origine enim duorum principalium nervorum due tele super cerebrum contexuntur.’

- **burneta**, see **lus creidhe**.

- **bursa pastoris**, see **lus an sbarain**.

- **butirum**, see **im**.



---

p.684


- **Cabun**, a **capon, i.e., a castrated cock**.

- **cadas** (lat. **bombax**), **cotton**. Hairs on the seeds of a shrub, **Gossypium herbaceum**, were harvested in Egypt, where the shrub was cultivated.

- **caelaid**, **to make slender**.

- **caer**, **berry**;
  

**caera na fineamhna** (syn. **uua**; lat. **uve**), **grapes**; Chapter 279;
  

**caera an iubair craigi**, see **iubar craigi**.

- **caera** (lat. **ovis**), a **sheep**.

- **caertann curraig** (syn. **fu**, **ualerian**; lat. **fu**, **valeriana**) **wild valerian**, **Valeriana officinalis** Webb. Chapter 137.

- **caibidil**, **chapter**.

- **cail** (lat. **qualitas**), **quality**. The four qualities are **teasaideacht**, **fuaraideacht**, **tirimideacht**, **fliuchaideacht**, i.e., **hotness**, **coldness**, **dryness**, **wetness**.

- **caileach** (lat. **gallus**), a **cock**.

- **cailgid**, **to sting**.

- **caili**, **thinness**; ‘cuirig an corp a caile’, lat. **extenuant**.

- **cailicin** (lat. **caligo**), **(of the eyes) mistiness**.

- **cailimint** (syn. **calamentum** vel **calamentum maighis**; lat. **calamentum**, **nepeta**), **calamint**, **Calamintha sylvatica** Webb. Chapter 68.



---

p.685


- **cainci acuidh**; **Hogan** (1900) gives "eyebright" for this on the authority of Cameron's Gaelic names of plants; i.e., **Euphrasia species**, Webb. The term occurs four times in the present text, three times in relation to the eyes: Chapters 96, 154 and 168. **Euphrasia**, for which the Modena manuscript gives the synonym **luminella**, was much used for eye troubles, as the Modena manuscript indicates. It may not be without significance that **cainci coilli** is also used for the eyes.

- **cainci coille** (syn. **galitr[ic]um**; lat. **gallitricum**), the cultivated **clary**, **Salvia sclarea**. Chapter 144. The term may have been originally for **Salvia horminoides** Webb. See **cainci acuidh**.

- **cainel** (syn. **cinamomum**; lat. **cinamomum**, **canella**), **cinnamon**, the dried middle layer of the bark of coppiced trees of **Cinnamomum zeylanicum**, of Sri Lanka and southern India. Chapter 85. It is thought that, prior to the thirteenth century, cinnamon was derived from **Cinnamomum cassia** from China, the bark of which is now known as **Chinese cassia lignea**.

- **cainndi**: **siucra cainndi**, **sugar candy**. See **siucra**.

- **caiserban bec** (syn. **morsus demonis**, **greim an deamhain**), **devil's bit scabious**, **Succisa pratensis** Webb. Chapter 196. Another name for the plant may be **leadán curraigh** (**Hunt**, 1986–87, p. 129 [242]).

- **caisi** (lat. **caseolus**), **cheese**.



---

p.686


- **caith**, **chaff, husks**.

- **caitidh** (lat. **comedere**, **sumere**, **mandere**), **to eat**, **consume**.

- **caitine**, **catkin**. Used to describe pepper. The inflorescence produced on the vines of **Piper nigrum** is a spike of about 20-30 sessile flowers, which develop into sessile fruits.

- **Calabria**, in **Italy**.

- **calamentum**, see **cailimint**.

- **calamus aromaticus**, the **rhizome of sweet flag**, **Acorus calamus** Webb. Now mainly used as a source of calamus oil, employed in perfumery.

- **calmaigidh** (lat. **mollire**, **confortare**, **corroborare**), **to make steady**.

- **calo**, represents **καλς**, **beautiful, fair; good**.

- **calx viva**, see **ael ur**.

- **camamilla** (lat. **camomilla**), **flowerheads of chamomile**, **Chamaemelum nobile** Webb, collected from cultivated plants and dried. It  appears that the **wild chamomile**, **Chamomilla recutita** (listed in the Census Catalogue of the Flora of Ireland) was used as a substitute for the true chamomile, oil of chamomile being distilled from the flowerheads.

- **Cameactis**, see **ualuart**.

- **camphorata**, see **suramunt**.

- **campora** (lat. **camphora**), **camphor**. In the Middle Ages, this referred to **Borneo camphor**, obtained from **Dryobalanops aromatica**.



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p.687


- **capillus veneris**, see **dubcosach**.

- **carapotisi** (syn. **caera an eighinn**), **berries of ivy**. *Rufinus (**Thorndike**, 1946, 116) says:

Scissi idem edera: xilocissi, id est, lignum edere; carpocissi, id est, fructus edere; oppocissi, id est, gumi edere.’’* καρπς + κισσς.

- **carauaidh**, **caraway**, **Carum carvi** Webb.

- **carbad** (lat. **caro gingivarum**), the **gums**.

- **carbuncalus**, **carbuncle**. For the account in Lile, see **antrai**.

- **cardiaca**, **cardiaca passio** (lat. **cardiaca**, **cardiaca passio**): normally, this is ‘**heartburn**’, as the association with digestion problems e.g. in chapters 85 and 179 shows, but the frequent association of it with **sincoipis** in the present text shows that it may also have been applied to painful symptoms of what were true heart conditions. Even today, heart diseases can be recognised only by a trained observer.

- **carraighe** (lat. **scabies**), **favus**, **one type of tinea or ringworm** (i.e. inflammatory affections of the skin produced by moulds), consisting of a hard, dry, scabby or scaly formation, occurring on the scalp, skin and nails. Lile Eg 52v ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 8): ‘Tinea est scabies capitis cum scammis & crustis .i. is eadh is carraighi ann scabies an cinn maille re lannaibh & re crustadhaibh & re scris an finnfaidh & re dath luatha & re brentas & re fechain adhuathmar. Asiat cuisi na



---

p.688




heaslainti so leanna truaillidhe do berar a broinn no tegmas a ndiaigh droch-follamhnuighthe an leinbh, no ona bhuime no ona athair no ona mathair do beith carrach innus co mbi uair and maille re sileadh & re favus & re salchur & uair and ina n-egmais, acht curob mionca bis tirim na fliuch, o truailliughadh dasachtach & o loscadh na leannann.’
  

Lile Eg 40v and 41r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 24): ‘Is eadh is scabies and, salcur croicinn maille re lannaibh & re tochus uair and, & uair eli tirim & uair eli fliuch & uair eli maille re sileadh, & bis nisa mionca isna ballaibh foirimillacha & uair eli gabus moran don corp ... Gentear salcuir examhla do reir meide no loighid an truallighthe, maseadh tic allus ara mbi baladh trom ar tus and, & da meidighthear an truailliughadh do-nitear pruritus .i. tochus, & da mbia nis laidiri na sin do-nitear scabies tshalach, & da meidighthear nisa mo na sin do-nitear empetigo & serpigo mar a mbi loscadh is mo & ni bhi sileadh andsin & da mbia in truailliughadh nis mo do-nitear morphea & do-nitear lubra asa haithle ... Da mbia an scabies o fuil deirg bith an t-inadh ac dul a ndeirgi maille re fliuchaideacht & re tochus mor & re hailgis mor aca denum, gidh teinn e fa deireadh, & madh o linn finn tsaillte beas bidh lanna & sileadh ann & tochus dasachtach & ailgis aga denum, & teinneas dasachtach ina diaigh. Et madh o linn dubh bes bidh an t-inadh



---

p.689




ina timcill uile ac dul a nduibhi & bid na gorain & an scabies tirim maille re becan silidh & uirulencia, & mad o linn ruagh bes bith an t-inadh a dul a mbuidheacht maille re tochus mor & re tirmaideacht & re bristibh.’ See **bruitida**.

- **cart**, **a quart**.

- **cartlann** (syn. **balsamita**, **mentastrom**; lat. **sisimbrium**), **watermint**, **Mentha aquatica** Webb. Chapter 64.

- **caruaighe**, see **carauaidh**.

- **casadh**, a **twisting**.

- **casia fistula** (lat. **cassia fistula**), **cassia pods**, the dried ripe fruits of a leguminous tree, **Cassia fistula**, indigenous to India.

- **casnaidheach** (lat. **pulvis**), **small chips**.

- **castoirium**, **beaver oil, or castor**, an odorous, oily substance, the secretion of abdominal glands of the beaver, **Castor fiber**.

- **cat**, a **cat**.

- **cathair**, **city**.

- **catapusia**, see **gran oilella**.

- **catarrus** (lat. **catarrus**, **frigidum reuma capitis**), **catarrh**, **inflammation of any mucous membrane, especially of the air passages in the head**.

- **cat braigid** (‘an aigid scinannsia & tuitme an tsine tseaain & na cat mbraigid’, lat. **vitium faucis**), **scrofula of the neck**, disease of glands of the neck arising from a tuberculous constitution.


---

p.690


Lile Eg 32r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 21, Rub. 1 & 2): ‘Fecham anois dona neascoidibh fuara... & in cuid bis o linn finn bith cuid dibh bog fliuch so-tadhaill & bith cuid eli daingean cruaidh & gach cruaidhe da mbid is fuairide iat... De nodis & glandulis .i. is o linn finn arna teachtadh & arna cruadhughadh & arna daingniughadh do-nitear na neascoidi so & leigestar iat o tri modhaibh. An cet modh dibh, a fascadh co laidir no gabtar platta daingean luaidhe & dluithighthear co daingen laidir ru e & ceangailtear e dibh asa haithle & dentar frichnamh da fascadh co laidir. An .2. modh o fedtar a leiges .i. le leigesaibh loiscteacha... An .3. modh ara leigestar iat .i. tairringtear an croicinn do gach leith & gearrthar air & fenntar gacha leith iad & beantar an cochall bhis ina timcill amach leo uile & leigestar ainsein iad mar na cneadhaibh eli & bid da innillus aga leiges. An cet innillus dibh gan eni d'fagbhai1 don cochall oir do fhasfadh aris da fagthai. An .2. hinnillus da mbid feithi noid sreanga a ngar doibh gan a ngortughadh... De scrofulis: is o linn finn gloinidhe & o linn dubh gentear scrofule & is annsa feoil mbuig is mo geintear iat & is uime sin imdaightear iat isin braghaid & isna hoscallaibh & is annamh do-gen scrofule 'na aonar gan a mbith moran ar en slighe gidheadh bith en scrofule reamhur mor ina enar uair and & uair eli timairctear nodi imdha cengailti re cheli & do-citear mar turpan[172](javascript:footNote('G600005/note172.html')) an airde.



---

p.691




Et is annsna macamhaibh is usa iat & isna dainibh oga is deacra.’ See 2, **easbadh**.

- **catimia**, see **slaidteach**.

- **catughadh** (lat. **resistandi**), **fight against**.

- **cauda purcina**, see **gurmaill**.

- **caulis ortentis**, see **praiseach** and **coblan**.

- **causon**, **ardent fever**. **Καων** = burning. Lile Eg 15r & v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 3): ‘Is eadh is causon and fiabrus cointinoideach do-nitear o linn ruagh astigh dona soithibh bis a mball uasal no an inadh a foccus don croidhi... Lastar an corp co laidir o sho-lasamhnacht leanna ruaigh, & ar a beith nisa mo isan gaili & isna haeibh & isna hinadhaibh a foccus don croidhi & is mar so deifrighis se o terciana... Loscadh, curob is uime sin is annamh tegmas se dona seandainibh & da tegma is comurtha millti & is ro-minic tegmus dona dainibh oga... Is iat comurtai causoin loscadh & lasadh ro-mor isin corp uile maille re hanmhuinni & re do-fhulang & re moran d'aicidibh marbtacha mar ata frenisis & neamh-codladh & codladh domuin uair eli & duibhe & feodhacht na teangadh & sincopis & ictericia & tremor & flux brond & fostughadh uair eli & puls bec ro-luath & fual dearg seimh, gidheadh examhailtear an fual co minic... Is ro-luath crichnaightear in easlainte so & madh follus gach en deagh-comurtha ina tossach tic cum slainte sa .4. la no leth astigh de & mas iat na droch-comurthai



---

p.692




bus follus and teid cum bais fan aimsir cetna & uair ann faidhightear conuig an .7. la. Et ni heidir an easlainte so d'faidiughadh oir ni fuilinginn an naduir fad na heaslainte & athmultacht na ndroch-aicideadh ... Cibe da tegemha tremor a causon & radhbuile do teacht ina cenn, leighesidh e.’

- **ceangal** (lat. **constringere**, **conglutinare**), **to bind**.

- **ceann** (lat. **caput**), **head**. ‘Gu ceann tri mbliadhain’, lat. **per triennium**.

- **ceannsughadh** (lat. **reprimere**), **overcome**.

- **cearc** (lat. **gallina**), a **hen**; **en circe**, (lat. **pullus**), a **chicken**.

- **cearrmocan** (syn. **eruca**; lat. **eruca**), the **great water parsnip**, **Sium latifolium** Webb. Chapter 123. On the Continent, **eruca** meant **Eruca sativa** (= **Brassica eruca**), but the English Agnus Castus (**Brodin**, 1950) and the Grete Herball (Rydén, 1984) both understand it as **skirret (i.e. water parsnip)**. The main Irish authority for **cearbhacán** being **skirret** is Peter O'Connell. The 15th century King's Inns MS 17, fo. 32, equates **cearrmacan** with **peaistinica** (i.e. **parsnip**), per King's Inns Catalogue, p. 49.

- **cebuli**, see **mirbulani**.

- **(ar) cedlongadh** (lat. **in mane**, **mane ieiuno ore**), **fasting, before breakfast**. See **David Greene**, Celtica 2 (1952) 146.

- **cefaili**, a **form of headache** (**cephalia**); Lile Eg 56v ( LM


---

p.693




Pt. 2, Ch. 10): ‘Dleaghar a fis gu tegmann tennis ger laidir sa ceann cu huilidhe da ngairtear cephalia no ouum no dolor galiatus, noch bis maille re bemnigh & re gearradh cona cosmailibh, innus nach fedann in t-othar guth ard no solus d'fhulang, & is uime sin bis mian tochta & uaignis & dorcadais aigi.’

- **ceim** (lat. **gradus**), **degree**.

- **ceinnsceatrach** (lat. **sternutatio**), ‘**an emetic for the head**’, usually something to cause sneezing.

- **ceir** (lat. **cera**), **wax, usually beeswax**.

- **ceirin** (lat. **cataplasma**, **emplastrum**, **unguen**, **sinapisma**), a **plaster**. The term is wide enough to include a poultice and a compress.

- **celedonia**, **selidonia** (lat. **celidonia**), **greater celandine**, **Chelidonium majus** Webb. Chapter 79.

- **centauria**, see **dedga**.

- **centinodia**, see **gluinech bec**.

- **centonica**, see **absinthium**.

- **centum capita**, see **creamh**.

- **ceo**, **of the eyes, haze**.

- **cepa**, see **uinneamhan**.

- **cerd**, npl. **cerdada**, a **metal-worker**.

- **cerefolium**, see **comann gall**.

- **cerusa**, see **blath in luaidhe**.

- **cetfaid** (lat., Chapter 280, **mens**, **sensus**), **senses**.

- **ciarach** (lat. **cera liquefacta**), **melted wax**.

- ***cibapirum***, see **raibh**.



---

p.694


- **cic** (lat. **mamma**, **mamella**), **woman's breast**.

- **ciclamin malum**, see **cularan**.

- **cicorea**, see **rudus**.

- **cicotrinum**, see **aloe**.

- **cicula**, see **beta**.

- **cimbularia**, see **curnan caisil**.

- **ciminum dulse**, see **ainis**.

- **cin** (‘o cin leanna finn’, lat. **ex abundantia flegmatis**), **fault**.

- **cinamomum**, see **cainel**.

- **cinis**, see **luaith**.

- **cinn adhairt**, **pillow**.

- **cinoglosa**, see **finscoth**.

- **cintac**, **guilty**.

- **cirta**, **combed**.



---

p.695


- **citonalens** *(i.e. **citovalens**[173](javascript:footNote('G600005/note173.html')))*, see **sidubal**.

- **citragha**, for **citrago**, i.e., the **cultivated balm**, **Melissa officinalis** Webb. Chapter 84. **Orufont** in Chapter 84 is a mistake: it means **horehound**, **Marrubium vulgare** Webb, as in Chapter 183. Balm and horehound are closely related, and much alike, but they are easily distinguished from one another. See **mellago**.

- **citrinus**, **yellow, specifically, lemon coloured**.

- **citruilli**, see **sitruilli**.

- **claechlaid** (lat. **alterare**, **obliviscere**), **changes**.

- **claired**, **clary**, a **spiced or medicated wine**. **Claretum** was a type of preparation and not a single recipe. Other similar terms for spiced or medicated wines were **pigmentum** (see **piement**) and **gariofilatum**.

- **claman lin** (syn. **cuscuta**; lat. **cuscuta**), the **dodder that parasitises flax**, **Cuscuta epilinum** CTW. Chapter 101. For another dodder, see **blath na time**.

- **clann**, **progeny**.

- **clannmar**, **productive of progeny**.

- **cleite** (lat. **penna**), a **feather**.

- **cliabh** (lat. **pectus**), the **chest**.

- **clisteri** (lat. **clister**), **clyster**, **enema**.

- **clobus** (syn. **gariofilus**; lat. **gariofilus**), **cloves**, the
dried flower buds of **Syzygium aromaticum**, a tree 10 to 20 metres high which is indigenous to the Molucca



---

p.696




Islands. (Synonyms are **Eugenia caryophyllata** and **Caryophyllus aromaticus**). Chapter 146.

- **cloch** (lat. **lapis**, **calculus**, **testa**), a **stone**; also used of a brick.

- **cloch lia**, a **whetstone**.

- **cluas** (lat. **auris**), the **ear**.

- **cnaib**, **hemp**, **Cannabis sativa** CTW, formerly cultivated for its fibre, for its oil, and for medical use.

- **cnaidid** (lat. **consumere**, **corrodere**; **cauterium sine igne**), **to corrode**; **to burn diseased tissue by chemical action**.

- **cnaidteach**, **cnaiteach** (lat. **consumendi**), **corrosive**.

- **cnaim**, **cnam** (lat. **os, ossis**; **cartillago**), a **bone**.

- **cnaim craige an fiada** (syn. **os de corde serui**; lat. **os de corde cervi**), ‘**the bone of the stag's heart**’, a concretion of some sort from the male deer. Chapter 215.

- **cnaimh na heilefinte** (syn. **spodium**; lat. **spodium**), **spodium** ([lt ] **σποδóω**, **to burn to ashes**), ivory which has been reduced to a fine powder by a dry heat. Chapter 250.

- **cnapanach** (lat. **nodosa**), **knobby**. The reference in Chapter 143 is to the rhizome of **galangal**.

- **cneadh** (lat. **vulnus**; when festering, **ulcus**, **fistula**), a **wound**.

- **cneasaighidh** (lat. **consolidare**, **conglutinare**), **heals**.

- **cno**, **cnu** (lat. **nux**), **nut**.

- **cno francach** (syn. **nux magna**; lat. **nux**), **walnut**, **Juglans regia** CTW. Chapter 209.



---

p.697


- **cno Gaeidilach** (syn. **auellana**, **nux parua**; lat. **avellana**), **hazel nut**, **Corylus avellana** Webb. Chapter 46.

- **cnuasach** (lat. **colligere**), **to gather (plants)**.

- **coblan**, **cabbage**, **Brassica oleracea** CTW, which was, of course, cultivated. In Chapter 281, **sugh praisce coblain** suggests that the **cultivated cabbage** was known as **praiseach cobhláin**, echoing the Latin **brassica** and **caulis**. See **praiseach**.

- **codion**, see **popin**.

- **codlad** (syn. **sompnus**; lat. **somnus**, **sopor**), **sleep**. Chapter 259.

- **cogal** (syn. **gitt**; lat. **git**) **corn cockle**, **Agrostemma githago** Webb. Chapter 149.

- **cognamh** (lat. **commasticare**, **masticare****atterere**), **chew**.

- **coididiana** (lat. **quotidiana**, **unaquaque die febrem**), **quotidian fever**. Lile Eg 19v-20r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 7): 
‘Is eadh is cotidiana and fiabrus do-nitear o linn finn morgaighthi & da morga se leath astigh dona soithibh do-ni cotidiana cointinoideach & madh leath amuigh dibh do-ni cotidiana interpullata ... Isi is cuis don fiabrus so uaingis & linadh urlaicteach & is uime sin as urusa les teacht a ngemhridh & a seandainibh & a macamhaibh & a ndainibh fliucha fleadhmaiticeacha & an iascaireadhaibh & a ndroing aca mbi bruchtach goirt & ac an lucht aga mbi catarrus ac tuitim cum an gaili & tic co cumair o gach ni o ngentear linn finn & mar gentear moran do gneithibh na fiabrus eli fo examlacht



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p.698




an adhbhair is mar sin isin fiabrus so. Tinnscnaidh cotidiana fire maille re fuacht bec na mball foirimillach & re puls bec foluightheach & an tan tic cum a staide ni hard a teasaideacht acht min folaightheach & bith an puls examail do sir & crichnaighthear e maille re becan alluis & bith an fual isill ina tossach.’

- **coilera** (lat. **colera**), **linn ruagh** (q. v.), **yellow bile**, the **choleric humour**. **Coilera citrina**, **lemon-coloured**; **uitilina**, **yolk-coloured**.

- **coilerdha** (lat. **colericus**), **choleric**.

- **coilica** (lat. **colica passio**), **colic**, i.e., an attack of pain in the abdomen of a spasmodic nature. Lile Eg 152r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 18): ‘Is eadh is colica and easlainte eigin bis isin .2. hinde iochtarach da ngairtear colon, maille re deacracht innarbtha an fheraidh tar na ballaibh iochtaracha & maille re teinneas mor & re bruidernach. Dleaghar a tuicsin timcill an adhbuir si, gin co fuil and acht en inne cointinoideach, ni lughaide gabhaid anmanna examhla do reir a n-inntoigh & fillti & reamhuire & a caile, innus co ngairtear duodenum don cet inni & ieiunium don .2. hinne. An .3. inne fada caol aderur ileon ris & is annsin cuisightear ilica passio. An .4. hinne orobus. An .5. hinne gairtear colon de & is annsin cuisightear colica passio, ar bfhuil ar n-inntinn andso. An .6. hinne deighinach aderur longon ris ... Atait cuisi imdha



---

p.699




ag an easlainte so ... o gach uile biadh reamhur do-dileaghtha is deacair d'innarbadh sis & tegmaidh o brisidh & o casadh & o lagadh sifac & o tuitim na n-inneadh a sparan na n-uirgidh ...’

- **coillidhe** (lat. **agrestis, silvestris**), **wild (as opposed to cultivated)**.

- **coillti** (lat. **castratus**), **castrated**.

- **coimceangal** (lat. **constringendum**, **glutinosus**), **binding**.

- **coimedacht**, **having the same size as**.

- **coimedaidh** (lat. **conservare**, **preservere**, **custodire**), **preserve**.

- **coimilt** (lat. **ungere**, **fricare**, **terere**, **macerare**, **mixta**), **to rub**. In compounding a medicine, perhaps, **to pound a substance while it is immersed in a liquid**.

- **coimlinaigh** (lat. **resumere**), **to restore**.

- **coimpert** (lat. **coitus**), **begetting**. Also, see next.

- **coimpert an mil moir**, see **ambra**.

- **coimpleasc** (lat. **complexio**); I have translated this as ‘**complex**’ – it means a person's constitution, the mixture of ‘qualities’ (see **cail**) in him. **Droch-coimpleasc** (lat. **discrasia**) is **distemper, or a diseased constitution**.

- **coin adairci** (lat. **deformes maculas**, **pannum faciei**); if coin is [lt ] DIL's 2 cúa, the term would mean **horny flesh**. Where ‘an aigid ... fathfaigh na haidhce’ occurs in Chapter 145, the copy in MS G11 has **coin airci**; the meaning of **fathadh** is not free from doubt, but it seems



---

p.700




to mean wrinkles (cf. **pannuceus**).

- **coinneall**, a **candle**.

- **coinneall mhuire** (syn. **bilonia**, **molena**; lat. **tapsus barbassus**), **mullein**, **Verbascum thapsus** Webb. Chapter 59.

- **coinnlidhe** (lat. **clarus**), **brilliant**.

- **coirci** (syn. **auena**; lat. **avena**), the **cultivated oats**, **Avena sativa** Webb. Chapter 47.

- **coirci lo[ ]** [This word needs to be checked with the MS] (syn. **genciana**; lat. **gentiana**), the **great yellow gentian**, **Gentiana lutea**. Chapter 147. Much used in medicine and as an aid to digestion, this plant grows wild in the mountainous areas of continental Europe and is gathered in autumn. The Irish name appears to be **cuirce loca**, ‘locks in an assemblage of tufts’, in reference to the appearance of the flowers, which are arranged in whorls in the upper leaf axils. It may be noted that **gentiana** was sometimes explained in England as baldmoney or baldemoigne, a term that was normally used of **Meum athamanticum** CTW. See, however, Chapter 203 and **melli**[174](javascript:footNote('G600005/note174.html'))

- **coiriandrum**, see **coriandrum**.

- **coirt**, **bark**.

- **coirtithi**, **coirtitheach** (lat. **constringendi**), **constricting**. The term alludes to the bark of the oak, which was used in tanning and was regarded as ‘constricting’.



---

p.701


- **coiscidh** (lat. **stringere**, **coercere**, **sedare**, **amputare**, **valet contra**, **repellere**, **inhibe**t, **compescere**, **restringere**, **siccare**, **extinguere**, **constringere**, **excludere**, **extenuare**, **sistere**, **conferre**, **auferre**, **retinere**, **prohibere**, **discutere**); I have consistently translated this, admittedly rather awkwardly, as ‘**stops**’.

- **coisreactha** (lat. **sacra**), consecrated.

- **colafonium**, see **picc greagach**.

- colambin (syn. **albedarug**, **colubrina**, **basilicon**; lat. **colubrina**), columbine, **Aquilegia vulgaris** Webb. Chapter 18. The Irish text is based on **Macer Floridus**' chapter on **Colubrina**, which refers to a species of **Arum**, but the Irish author took it for the columbine. **Albederagi** and **basiliconis** are both given in Alphita p. 6 as synonyms of columbine.

- **coll**, hazel. See **cno gaeidilach**.

- **colocindida** (lat. **coloquintida**), **colocynth**, the dried pulp of the fruit of **Citrullus colocynthis**, obtained from the eastern Mediterranean region. Chapter 88.

- **colon** (lat. **colon**) the **intestine**, **colon**. See **coilica**.

- **colubrina**, see **colambin**.

- **colum** (lat. **columba**), **pigeon**, **dove**.

- **comann gall** (syn. **cerefolium**; lat. **cerefolium**), the **cultivated chervil**, **Anthriscus cerefolium** CTW. Chapter 81.

- **comhaentaighidh** (lat. **similis est**), **agrees with or unites with**.



---

p.702


- **combrugad**, **bruising**.

- **combuaigrid** (lat. **conturbare**, **percutere**), **disturb**.

- **comdlutugad**, **consolidation**.

- **comfurtachtaigidh** (lat. **confortare**, **conferre**, **valere**, **curare**, **utilis esse**, **prodesse**, **adiuvare**, **relevare**), **comforts, supports or strengthens**.

- **comra**, **coffin**.

- **comsuigiugadh** (lat. **compositio**, **confectio**), **"to place together"** (cum + **ponere**), **compound**.

- **comtrom>**, **the equivalent of**.

- **concoire**, = **lus na cnam mbriste,** q. v.

- **conconidum** (syn. **sil in labriola**; lat. **laureola, coconidium**), **ο κνδειος κκκος**, the **seed of spurge laurel**, **Daphne laureola** CTW. Chapter 74. See **lauriola**.

- **congmail**, **to retain**.

- **congna an fiadha** (syn. **cornu serui**; lat. **cornu cervi**), **hartshorn**, the **horn or antler of a stag, used as a source of ammonia**. Chapter 76. The Latin term is also used of a plant, **buck's horn plantain**, **Plantago coronopus** Webb.

- **conidium**, for **conconidum**, q. v.

- **conium**, see **mong mher**.

- **consolida madior**, see **lus na cnam mbriste**.

- **consolida media**, see **easbuc beoain**.

- **consolida minor**, see **noinin**.

- **constipasion** (lat. **constipatio**), **constipation**.



---

p.703


- **contrardha** (lat. **contrarius**), **contrary**.

- **copan**, a **cup**; used of the **cupule of the acorn**, Chapter 230.

- **copog** (syn. **lapasium**; lat. **lapacium**), **dock**. Chapter 177. The species of **Rumex** referred to in the text are:
  

**copoc cruinn**, syn. **lapasium rotundum**; lat. **lapacium rotundum**; **Rumex obtusifolius** Webb.
  

**copoc corr**, **corrcopog**, syn. **lapasium aqutum**; lat. **lapacium acutum**; **Rumex crispus** Webb, Chapter 163.
  

**copoc coitceann**, syn. **lapasium domisdicum**; lat. **lapacium domesticum**; **Rumex alpinus** CTW.
  

**samhadh**, syn. **acedula**, **oxilapacium**, **rumex**; lat. **acidula**; **Rumex acetosa** Webb and **Rumex scutatus** CTW.
  

(**bó-samhadh**, lat. **acidula**; **Rumex acetosa** Webb.)

- **copurrus** (syn. **dragantum**, lat. **dragantum**). Chapter 109. ***W. T. Stearn** (Opsomer, 1984, p. 152, s.v. **Fragantum**) says:

Name corrupted from **Chalcanthum** which indicates **blue copper sulphate** and **green iron sulphate** produced in Cyprus; white vitriol is zinc sulphate and yellow vitriol a pyrite; **couperose or copperas** is a medieval name for the sulphates of copper, iron and zinc.’’* The Erlangen copy of Circa Instans says of **dragantum** ‘Idem quod vitreolum vel calcantum. Sunt autem quatuor maneries. Indicum quod in India reperitur et est album, et Arabicum quod in Arabia invenitur et est



---

p.704




citrinum, et Ciprinum quod in Cipro insula reperitur et est viridis coloris; et est terra francigena, sive atramentum quod in Gallia reperitur. Illud est eligendum quod est viridis coloris... ’ The substance referred to in the Irish text would appear to be the pale green crystals, ‘dath solus uaine’, **ferrous sulphate heptahydrate, FeSO4 [middot] 7H2O**, as evidenced by the statement at the end of the chapter that, when heated, it becomes red (i.e. ferric oxide, Fe2O3).

- **corallus rubius**, see **cruel**.

- **corcair** (lat. **purpureum**), **purple**.

- **coriandrum** (lat. **coriandrum**), **coriander**, the dried, nearly ripe fruit of **Coriandrum sativum**, an umbelliferous plant about two feet high with white or pinkish flowers. It is widely cultivated. Chapter 95.

- **cornan caisil**, **curnan caisil** (syn. **cotilodion**, **cimbulairia**, **umbelicius ueniris**; lat. **contilidon**, **cimbalaria**, **umbelici veneris**), **wall pennywort**, **Umbilicus rupestris** Webb. Chapter 83.

- **cornu serui**, see **congna an fiadha**.

- **corona regia**, see **eachseamur**.

- **corp** (lat. **corpus**), the **body**.

- **corrcopog** (syn. **lapasium acutum**; lat. **lapacium**, **lapacium acutum**), **Rumex crispus** Webb. Chapter 163. See **copog**.

- **cortaidi**, **stiffness**; in Chapter 42, it appears to refer to stiffness after unaccustomed exercise.

- **cos** (lat. **pes**), **foot**.



---

p.705


- **cosachtach** (lat. **tussis**), **cough**.

- **cosc**, see **coiscidh**.

- **cosmaile**, **similar things**.

- **cosmaileas** (lat. **similis**), **similarity**.

- **cosmailid**, **is similar to**.

- **cotilodion**, see **cornan caisil**.

- **craeb**, **branch**.

- **craighi** (lat. **cor**), **heart**.

- **crann** (lat. **lignum**, **frutex**, **arbor**), **wood**, **shrub**, **tree**.

- **crann na mbulas**, the **bullace or wild plum**, **Prunus domestica** Webb. Cultivated varieties produce **damsons** and **plums**.

- **crann na spinan**, **gooseberry bush**, **Ribes uva-crispa** Webb.

- **crasola**, see **toirpin**.

- **creacht** (lat. **vulnus**, **ulcus**, **fissura**, **apostema**), **lesion**; **creachta na scaman**, **pulmonary tuberculosis**.

- **creachtnaithe**, **of excoriating**.

- **creamh** (syn. **affodillus**, **centum capita**, **aillium agreiste**; lat. **affodili**, **allium**), **wild garlic**, **ramsons**, **Allium ursinum** Webb. Chapter 11. The Irish author has run the chapters (separate in Circa Instans) on **Affodili** and **Allium** together.

- **creatan**, **trembling**; the reference in Chapter 162 may be to the catarrh and feverish state which sometimes follow a chill.

- **credicus**, see **milbocan**.

- **Creidi** (lat. **Creta**), the island of **Crete**.



---

p.706


- **criadh** (lat. **terreus**), **earthen**.

- **crich** (lat. **regio**), **district**.

- **crimh muice fiadha** (syn. **scolapendria**; lat. **scolopendria**), **hart's tongue fern**, **Phyllitis scolopendria** Webb. Chapter 255.

- **crin, crina** (lat. **siccus**), **old** (**preserved dried(plants)** ).

- **crith** (lat. **paraliticus**), **trembling**.

- **croch** (syn. **crocus**; lat. **crocus**), **saffron**. Chapter 97. **Crocus orientalis** is the **true saffron**, the dried stigmas and tops of the styles of **Crocus sativus**, which was originally cultivated in Greece and the Middle East. During the Middle Ages, most of the saffron in Western Europe came from Southern Italy, and it is believed that cultivation of it in England began in the reign of **Edward III** (1527–77): **Stannard** (1963) 206. **Crocus ortensis** is safflower or dyer's saffron, **Carthamus tinctorius** CTW, the flowers of which were sometimes used instead of the much more expensive saffron. **Stannard** (1968) p. 159 considers that Circa Instans creates two different plants whereas in fact he says the "species" **hortensis** and **orientalis** are not distinct species at all; but the other authorities do not take that view.
  

There seems to be grounds for thinking that, for the purposes of dyeing, **Reseda luteola** Webb was used, rather than cultivate or import either of the aforesaid



---

p.707




species. In the *Ulster Journal of Archaeology 9 (1861–62) p. 149, T. H. P. states

Your correspondent ... asks if the old Irish dyed their linen with saffron. I believe that there is no doubt that ‘crocus’ in the old accounts merely implied the colour and not the dye-stuff; and that the Irish yellow was dyed with the **Reseda luteola**, the ‘yellow weed’, in Irish **Buidhe Mór**.’’* Referring to urine (known as **máistir** in this context) he adds ‘Another ingredient (not very euphonious to ears polite) mentioned as being used for this purpose was probably only employed to heighten or to fix the colour.’ Whatever about the use of the term ‘crocus’, his general suggestion is supported by ***Brodin** (1950) p. 216:

It may be assumed that saffron became known to the people of Western Europe through the Arabians, especially since the word saffron is Arabic’’*; and by the fact that the first cultivation of the plant in Western Europe, by the Arabs in Spain, is dated to the tenth century.

- **crochdha** (lat. **croceus**, **roseus**), the **yellow colour of saffron**.

- **crocaire**, **gallows**.

- **crocan**, a **pot**.

- **crocus**, see **croch**.



---

p.708


- **croicinn** (lat. (of a person) **cutis**; (of a plant) **cortex**; **superficies**), **skin**.

- croithidh (lat. **aspergere**, **superaspergere**, **superponere**), **sprinkle**.

- **crotfull**, **shell (of a nut)**.

- **cruach padraig** (syn. **barba filicana**, **plantago maigheor**; lat. **plantago**), **great plantain**, **Plantago major** Webb. Chapter 52.

- **cruadhaighidh**, **hardens**.

- **cruaidh** (lat. **durus**), **hard**.

- **cruas** (lat. **duricies**), **hardness**.

- **cruel**, **coral**; **cruel dearg** (lat. **corallus**); **cruel geal**. Chapter 93.

- **cruinn** (lat. **rotundus**), **round**.

- **cruithneacht** (syn. **triticum**; lat. **triticum**), **wheat**, **Triticum aestivum** CTW. Chapter 266. Conditions for wheat are minimal in Ireland – it is understood that they had improved in the Middle Ages, but had begun to fall off again at the time of the writing of the present text. **Fischer** (1929) p. 250 says that the growing of wheat increased considerably in Germany between the 9th and 13th centuries; in addition, a substantial amount of **spelt**, **Triticum spelta**, and a little **einkorn**, **Triticum monococcum**, and **emmer**, **Triticum dicoccum**, were grown.

- **crumh** (lat. **vermis**), a **worm**.



---

p.709


- **crupan** (lat. **tortio**), **cramp**.

- **cruthaighidh**, **produces**, **brings into being**.

- **cubebis** (lat. **cubebe**), **cubebs**, or **tailed pepper**, are the dried, full-grown fruits of **Piper cubeba**, a native of Indonesia, Borneo and Sumatra. Chapter 98.

- **cucain**, the **cupule of an acorn**.

- **cu confaidh** (lat. **rabidus canis**), **mad dog**.

- **cucuirbita** (lat. **cucurbita**), the **white-flowered gourd**, **Lagenaria siceraria**. Chapter 100.

- **cucumeris** (lat. **cucumeris**), **cucumber**, **Cucumis sativus**. The wild **squirting cucumber**, **Ecballium elaterium** CTW, the juice of which is a powerful cathartic, was also used, but it was usually distinguished by the addition of an epithet meaning ‘wild’.

- **cudrum**, **equal**.

- **cudum**, appears to be **a form of atrophy of the hair**. The DIL quotes a manuscript in which **cudum** is equated with **asperitas**.  *Lile. Eg 50r ( LM. Pt. 2, Ch. 3):

Asperitas est truncacio seu fissura capillorum .i. is eadh is gairbhe in fuilt ann gearradh no scoltadh an fuilt tegmus don fearaibh & dona mnaibh aca mbi coimpleasc te isin aois oig. Dleaghar a fhis co tegmann suigighthi granna don folt re n-abur a coitchinne sirones no pole no ratacio, oir do-citear iat mar do beadais arna ngearradh no arna n-ithe do lochaibh & bid uair and arna scoltadh & is ris an suigiughadh sin aderar gairbhe in fuilt, & is o linn ruagh loiscthi gearrus in



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p.710




ceo cuisightear e; & is uime sin do-citear ruaine don folt nis sia na in ruaine eli, mar do-gearrfadis lochaidh co neamh-comhtrom e, & ise is adhbur do sin oir in tan bis saigh te sa ceo cnaiidh cuid don ceo & loiscidh e, & is uime sin nach eidir a fhaidiughadh nis mo tre easbadh in adhbuir & os co heacudruma loisctear e is uime sin bis ceann an finnfaidh co heacudruma, maseadh ni hiat na cinn bis arna ngearradh acht do-citear a mbeith gearrtha o nach fasann an finnfadh nis sia. No do fedfainn a rad curob amuigh gearrtar iat on loscadh & co hairithi o mainneachtna in fuilt do fritholamh. Et scoiltear fos iat in tan bis in ceo ro-reamur loiscthi innus co ndublaighthear ina ceannaibh iat, maseadh gan fechain da snadmadh laidir & gan fecain da ceangal & da lenmuin laidir & da figur chail cruinn, gearrtar & garbtar & cnaitear & scoiltear ruaineach in fuilt oir claochlaidh linn ruagh loisci a cursa nadura.’’*

- **cuid** (lat. **cibus**), **a meal**.

- **cuideog** (lat. **vermibus inventis in pingui terra**), **earthworm**.

- **cuigidheach**, **creeping cinquefoil**, **Potentilla reptans** Webb. See **pentafilon**.

- **cuile** (lat. **culex**), a **fly**.

- **cuilinn tragha**, **cuilinn dumac** (syn. **yringi**, **socacul**), **sea holly**, **Eryngium maritimum** Webb. Chapter 287.

- **cuimin** (lat. **cuminum**), **cummin**, the dried, ripe fruits of



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p.711


**Cuminum cyminum**, a small umbellifer, indigenous to Egypt, used as a spice.

- **cuirrceog**c (lat. ‘rusticis, qui quedam ligna componunt, in quibus apes colligunt’), **bee-hive**.

- **cuirrineach** (lat. **ventris dolor**), **noisy action of the stomach, due to flatulence**. The term occurs as a gloss in  *Lile. Eg 134r ( LM. Pt. 5, Ch. 6),

Eructuacio est uentositas fumossa ex indigestione stomaci procurata .i. is eadh is bruchtach and gaothmhaireacht deathmar arna cuisiughadh o neamhdileaghadh an gaili & arna teilgin cum rann uachtarach an beil on brigh innarbthach arna calmughadh. Dleaghar a thuicsin timcill an adhbuir so curob amhlaidh gentear an gaothmaireacht o teasaideacht anbfann discaileas in t-adbur cum na mball uachtarach no cum na mball iochtarach no a anmuin an inmedon & mas cum na mball uachtarach do-ni bruchtach & mas cum na mball iochtarach & a beith maille re fogur do-ni peditus (.i. bro*m*) & da mbe gan fogur do-ni trulla (.i. gao) & da n-anann an inmedon & an gaethmaireacht do beith ceangailte re fliuchaideacht do-ni rugitus (.i. cuirrineach) & muna bia do-ni torsiones (.i. t*or*naidh) & a cosmaile do reir mar teid an gaethmaireacht trit na hinadhaibh fairsinga no cumga & mar bis reamur no semh.’’*

- **cuis**, **cause**.

- **cuisle** (lat. **vena**), 1. **vein**; 2. **blood-letting or phlebotomy**.



---

p.712


- **cularan** (syn. **ciclamin malum**; lat. **quassamus**, **panis porcinus**, **malum terre**), **pignut**, **Conopodium majus** Webb. Chapter 69.

- **cumha** (‘bron & cumha & toirrsi’, lat. **tristiciam angustiam**), the **pain of loss**.

- **cumhacht** (lat. **virtus**, **vis**), **power**.

- **cumhang**, **narrow**.

- **cumascaidh** (lat. **miscere**, **permiscere**, **conficere**, **commiscere**, **distemperare**, **immiscere**, **admiscere**, **iugare**, **ponere cum**, **temperare**, **iungere**), **mix**.

- **cumga, cumgacht** (**cumga an cleibh**, lat. **constrictio pectoris**; **cumga na hanala**, lat. **asma**) **constriction**, **narrowness**.

- **cumra** (lat. **dulcis**), **sweet-smelling**.

- **cumscughadh**, **shaking**.

- **curnan caisil**, see **cornan caisil**.

- **cuscuta**, see **claman lin**.

- **Dactuili** (syn, **dactulus**; lat. **dactilis**), **dates, the fruits of the date-palm**, **Phoenix dactylifera**. Chapter 102.

- **dactulus**, see **Dactuili**; **dactilus asetosus Indicus**, see **tamuirindi**.

- **daergalar** (lat. **emorroydes**), **piles**; Lile Eg 155r, v ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 21, Rub. 1): ‘Bit deich n-easlainteadha arin timtireacht ... mar ata, emoroides & neascoididha & 


---

p.713



fistula & cur in tsuighi amach & tochus . . . Do gabur gneithi examhla emoroide do reir examlachta an leanna pecaigheas, oir do-nitear gne dibh o fuil deirg & gairtear **uuee** dibh ar son co mbit a cosmaileas caoiri fineamhna, & do-nitear gne dibh o linn ruagh & gairtear **morales** dibh a cosmaileas smera in tan tinnscnas deargadh, gne eli da ngairtear **uerucales** do-nitear o linn dubh, & gne eli o linn finn, gne annamh sin, & bith mar lesaibh geala.’

- **daingnigid**, (lat. **confirmare, consolidare**), **to make firm or hard** .

- 1. **dair** (lat. **quercus**), normally the Irish species, **Quercus robur** Webb and **Quercus petraea** Webb, and their hybrids. Chapter 230.

- 2. **dair**, **conception (by a cow)**; ‘co tigid so-dair’, lat. ‘naturalem excitat calorem’, ‘they become receptive of the bull’.

- **dairin** **germander speedwell**, **Veronica chamaedrys** Webb; the term may be based on the Latin, **quercula**.

- **damh** (lat. **taurinus**), **an ox**.

- **daman allaid** (syn. rania, lat. **aranea**), **spider**. Chapter
269.

- **dauntos** (lat. **antos**) in Chapter 232, the reference is to the flower of **rosemary**. The gloss, ‘dan tus dentar olibanum’, seems to be a pun on anthos and **an tus** (**incense**), inspired by the aromaticity of rosemary.

- **dasacht** **virulence**.



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p.714


- **dasachtach**, **violently**.

- **dath**, (lat. **color**), **colour**.

- **daucus** see **milbocan**.

- **deaghbaladh** (lat. **aromaticus, redolens, suavis**), **pleasant smell**; usually renders aromatic.

- **deaghcomhartha**, a **good sign**.

- **deaghdath**, a **good colour**  (of the hair).

- **dealbh**, a **painting**.

- **dealg** (lat. **spina**).

- **deallraitheach** (glan solus deallraitheach, lat. **magis depurate**), **shining**.

- **deamun** (lat. **demon**), **an evil spirit**.

- **dearc**, **the eye**, perhaps specifically the eyeball.

- **deargadh**(in Chapter 175) **to make red hot**.

- **deargadas** (lat. **rubor**, **redness**. See **deirge**.

- **dearglaech**, i.e. **derg líac**. **Red lichen** growing on rocks. The general name for **lichen** growing on rocks is **lus líac**. The DIL, s.v. 1 lía, quotes **corcair líac** and **corcair lossa líac**, the latter name presumably referring to the purple dye made from **lichen**, probably **Ochrolecia parella**. Dye was also made from species of **Umbilicaria**.

- **deascaidh** (syn. fex, tartarum; lat. **fex, tartarum**), this word is used both for the **lees**, i.e. the sediment in the bottle, and for **tartar**, i.e. potassium hydrogen tartrate deposited in the form of crust in wine-casks during fermentation of grape-juice. Chapters 141 and 


---

p.715



263.

- **deatach** (lat. **fumus, fumositas**), **fumes, smoke, steam**.

- **deathmuireacht** (lat. **fumus**), **giving rise to fumes**.

- **ded** **the teeth**.

- **dedga** (syn. centauria; lat. **centaurea**), **centaury**, **Centaurium species**; the text recognises two species, ‘gne mor & gne bec’, of which **dedga dearg** is **common centaury**, **Centaurium erythraea** Webb; from Threlkeld p. 37-8, the other appears to be **dedga buidhe**, yellow-wort, **Blackstonia perfoliata** Webb. Chapter 80.

- **deichfir** (lat. **discernitur**), **difference**.

- **(co) deiginach**, **lastly**.

- **deir** (syn. **serpigho**), an aggravated form of ringworm on the face, for which an ointment containing mercury is recommended (Chapter 39). See the account of **serpigo** s.v. **carraighe**.

- **deirge** (lat. **rubor**), **redness**. **Deirge na sul** or **deargadas na sul** (q. v.), the eye being red or bloodshot, usually refers to **conjunctivitis**, i.e. inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eyeball.

- **dens leonis** see **serban muc**.

- **dera** (**sileadh na nder**, lat. **fluxum lachrymarum**, Chapter 240), **tears**. The disease involved appears to be **epiphora**, a condition in which tears, instead of passing from the eye down into the nose, run over on the cheek. It is due to blocking of the tear-ducts. See *Stokes (1898) p. 337,

Epifora .i. sl. [?leg. 


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p.716



sileadh] doilli’’*; which would mean ‘the weeping of blindness’.

- **dergnat**, a **flea**.

- **dermad**, **forgetting**.

- **diabeitis**;  *Lile. Eg 176r ( LM. Pt. 6, Ch. 13) appears to describe **diabetes mellitus**:

Is eadh is diabetica passio and dortadh ainmeasardha in fhuail. Dleaghar a tuicsin co mbi ita ard a ndiabetica passio & co n-ibtear moran and & mar do gabur e do-berar les an fual, & is cosmail e ris an tochlughadh mar a ngabtar moran an bidh & innarbtar neamh-dileaghta e, mar is follus a **caninus apetitus** ... Atait comarthai na heaslainte so follus, oir do-berar an fual a cainndiacht moir & co minic. Comarthai na cuis vero, oir an tan bis o teasaideacht moithightear teas isna hairnibh & teinneas & bruidernach & comarthai eli teasaideachta. Et madh fuar beas an chuis, moithightear fuacht mor isna hairnib & isna ballaibh foirimillacha in tan sin, & gortuightear e o neithibh fuara & furtachtaightear o neithibh teasaide. Da mbia an easlainte so co cointinoideach ar neach & gan furtacht, truaighidhtear in corp & na luirgni & anbfhainnightear e & berid cum millti.’’*.

- **diadacht**, **godliness**.

- **diaeringe**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diagalanga**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.



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p.717


- **dialtia**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diamargaireton**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diamoron**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diantos**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diapapaver**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diapinidi**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diaradon**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diarria**, **diarrhoea**.

- **dias**, **an ear (of corn)**.

- **diasiminum**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **diaturbid**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **dicuirigh** (lat. **resolvere**), **removes or displaces**.



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p.718


- **diegreidium**, (lat. **diagridium**), it is thought to have been the dried compound of the juices of species of **Euphorbia** and **scammony**. Chapter 105. See **gearr an eighme**.

- **diets cainicalareis**, (lat. **dies caniculares**), the dog days, so called after the most brilliant star in the sky, Sirius, the dog-star, in the constellation of Canis Major, the rising of which occurs about the end of July, considered in the Mediterranean area to be the hottest and most unwholesome period of the year.

- **diesene**, a compound medicine; see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- Dietis Uneuersalibus,,Ysaac Iudaeus' book, Liber dietarum universalium.

- **dileaghadh** (lat. **digestio**), **digestion**.

- **dileas**, the special quality of a thing.

- **diptannus**, see **litronta**.

- **discailidh** (lat. **dissolvere**), **dissolve**.

- **discailteach** (lat. **dissolvendi, resolutiva**), **dissolving**.

- **disinteria** (lat. **dissenteria)**), **dysentery**;  *Lile. Eg 144v ( LM. Pt. 5, Ch. 14):

Is eadh is disinteria and flux folmar [sanguineus] na brond maille re scris & re creachtnughadh na n-inneadh.’’*

- **disnia**, **dyspnoea**, **difficult or laboured breathing**. See **asma**.

- **disuiria** (lat. **dissuria)**), **dysuria**; 


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p.719


 *Lile. Eg 177r ( LM. Pt. 6, Ch. 16):

Minightear curob inand disuria & fostoghadh ainndeonach an fuail .i. an tan sanntaigheas neach a fhual do tabairt & nach fedann, no an tan nach fedann & nach sanntaighinn. Dleaghar a tuicsin co mbactar innarbadh an fhuail co huilidhe uair and innus nach innarbtar en red dhe & uair eli laighdightear e oir ge fostaightear co hainndeonach e re haimsir ni lughaide innarbtar e asa haitle e maille re docamhail & uair eli truailltear a indarbadh & tic co hanorduightheach mar is follus a stranguria.’’*

- **dithsiroip**, (lat. **sirupus acetosus**), a **syrup to which vinegar has been added**.

- **diuid**, (lat. **simplex**), **simple, or on its own**.

- **diureticach**, (lat. **diureticus**), **diuretic**, **promoting the passing of urine**. Chapter 107.

- **dleagaid** (lat. **necesse est**), **should**.

- **dluth**, **dense**; in Chapter 39, of **mercury**, it has ‘brigh tollus na ranna dluithi remra’, lat. **virtutem penetrandi**, ‘the ability to penetrate the dense gross parts of the body’.

- **dluthughadh**, (lat. **conglutinandum, consolidandum)**), **to make firm** (e.g. a broken bone when being knitted).

- **do-baladh** (lat. **fetor**), a **bad smell**.

- **docamail**, **difficulty**.

- **do-cneasaighthe**, **unhealable**.

- **dochtuir** (lat.  **medicus**), a **learned authority**; a **medical doctor**.



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p.720


- **do-dileaghtha** (lat. **ad digerendum durus**), **indigestible**.

- **do-discailti**, **not dissolvible**.

- **doinn-dearg** (lat. **subrufus**), **brownish red**.

- **doirt**, **pour**.

- **Doman Thoir** (lat. **terra remota**), **the East**.

- **domblas ae** (lat. **fel**), **gall or bile**, a thick, bitter, golden-brown or greenish yellow fluid, secreted by the liver and stored in the gall-bladder. Chapter 134.

- **dorcha** (lat. **subniger**), **dark in colour**.

- **dorchadas** (lat. **nigredo**; (of the eyes), **caligo**, **pannus**, **debilitas**, **darkness**.

- **dorcaigidh**, (lat. **facit evenire tenebrositatem visus**, **caligo**), **darkens**.

- **dorn**, **the hand**; **lan duirn**, (lat. **fasciculus**), a **handfull**.

- 1. **dragantum**, see **copurrus**.

- 2. **dragantum**, (lat. **dragagantum**), **tragacanth**, gum obtained by incision from the stems of species of **Astragalus**, thorny shrubs growing in mountainous districts of the Middle East. Chapter 104.

- **dragma**, a **dram**, one-eighth of an ounce; in the text, the word is written out three times, and is represented by a symbol ten times. See **unsa**.

- **dreach**, **the face**.

- **dris**, (lat. **rubus**), **bramble**, 
the tri drisighi appear to be the **blackberry**, **Rubus fruticosus aggregate** Webb (see **smera**), **raspberry**, **Rubus idaeus** Webb (see **maethan conairi**), and
the **stone bramble**, **Rubus saxatilis** Webb.



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p.721


- **droch-aer**, **bad air**.

- **droch-blasta** (lat. **amarus**), **having a bad taste**.

- **droch-coimpleasc**, see **coimpleasc**.

- **droch-dath** (lat. **color, icterici**), **bad colour**.

- **droch-feoil** (lat. **mala caro**), **bad flesh**.

- **droch-linn** (lat. **malus humor**), a **bad humour**.

- **drucht** (lat. **ros**), **dew**.

- **druim**, **the back**; **ar druim** + gen., **over**.

- **druis** (lat. **venus**, **libido**, **virtus coitus et erectio virge**), **sexual desire**.

- **dubacus**, **melancholy**.

- **dubadh** (lat. **denigrare**), **blacken**.

- **duban**, (lat. **renes****kidney**.

- **dubcosach** (syn. alacon, politricum, capillus ueniris, lat. **capillus veneris**). Chapter 15. The term **dubcosach** appears to have been used both of the **maidenhair fern**, **Adiantum caplllus-veneris** Webb (which nowadays occurs in the Aran Islands and the Burren, Co. Clare, and only very rarely elsewhere on the West coast) and the **maidenhair spleenwort**, **Asplenium trichomanes** Webb (which is common). It looks as if the Burren people did a good business in the sale of the maidenhair fern, because **John Keogh** (1735) tells how it was brought in sacks from the Burren to be sold in Dublin. It is of interest that the text (Chapter 225) describes **ruibh cloithi**, **wall rue**, **Asplenium ruta-muraria** Webb, as ‘gne don **dubhcosach**.’ Stearn states (Opsomer, 1984, p. 44)


---

p.722



that the Greeks applied the term **διαντον** to three species, Adiantum capillus-veneris Webb, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, and Asplenium trichomanes.

- **duille** (lat. **folium**), **leaf**.

- **duilleabar** (lat. **folia, ipsa herba**), **foliage**. This word is not written out fully at any point in the text: invariably, it is written as ‘duill-’, and it is possible that it should be read as ‘duilli’. **Duillebar na fineamhna**, **foliage of vines**, Chapter 217.

- **dunadh** (lat. **opilatio, constrictio**), a **block**.

- **eabar** (lat. **sumere, propinare, bibere**), **drink**.

- **each**, a **horse**.

- **eachseamar**. There are two chapters (94 and 180) on **eachseamar** in the text, both based on the same chapter in Circa Instans, the chapter on **Mellilotus**. ***Platearius** says of this latter:

Herba est cuius semen simili nomine appellatur, **corona regia** etiam dicitur quia formatur ad modum semicirculi ... Semina cum ipsis [corticibus] in medicinis ponuntur quia adeo parvum est á adherens quod vix potest separari.’’* The English **Agnus castus** adds some detail: ‘**Mellilotum** is an herbe that men clepe mellito, or honysukkle or iii lewyd gres. or **mel siluestre**. This herbe ha[yogh]t lewys lyk to the iii lewyd gres. but the lewys of this herbe is more euene-long and therof


---

p.723



of are iii specis. the ton bery[yogh]t a [yogh]elw[yogh] flour, the tother a red flour the thrydde a quyt flour ... the Rede sukkele. that ha[yogh]t a quyt cheuuron in the lef, this herbe is comoun. and it groweth in medewys and in other placis and it is hot and drye.’
  
The editor, Brodin (1950), identifies the three species as 1. **Melilotus officinalis** or **Melilotus altissimus**, 2. **Trifolium pratense**, 3. **Melilotus albus**.
In the present text, Chapter 180 equates **eachseamar** with **maccula trifolium**, and I take it here to refer to red clover, **Trifolium pratense** Webb, and that this was the plant that it normally referred to. **Threlkeld**, p. 159, gives **seamar capuil** for this species. In Chapter 94, **eachseamar** is equated with **corona regia**, and I take it to refer there to **Melilotus officinalis** Webb. That species is very rare in Ireland, but it was cultivated in the past, as **Threlkeld**, p. 101, says it was in his time, and **eachseamar** came to be applied to it when it was. It smells of hay.

- **eag**, **death**.

- **eanbruith** (lat. **brodium, iuscellum**), **soup, broth**.

- **eang**, **ing** (lat. **pannus**), a **strip of cloth**.

- **earrach** (lat. **ver**), **the season of spring**.

- 1. **easbadh**, **deficiency**.

- 2. **easbadh** (lat. **parotidas**, **glandulas que nascuntur iuxta anum**, **scrophas**, **scrofulas siccas**), **swollen glands**, usually **mumps**. See the passage quoted from Lile s.v. **cat braigid**. 


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p.724



Mumps is an infectious disease due to infection with a virus, characterised by inflammatory swelling of the parotid gland (in front and below the ear) and other salivary glands. The reference to **easbudha** in Chapter 52 suggests the presence of an epidemic of mumps from which one wishes to protect the child.
  
It appears from the Latin text of Chapter 42 that the term **easbadh** also includes external piles.

- **easbog beoain** (syn. **consolida media**), **ox-eye daisy**, **Leucanthemum vulgare** Webb. Chapter 90. There is no doubt about the meaning of the Irish name, but on the Continent **consolida media** was sometimes used for bugle, **Ajuga reptans** Webb.

- **easlainte** (lat. **querela**, **vitium**, **causa**, **egritudo**, **morbus**, **passio**), **illness**.

- **easlan** noun, (lat. **aeger**), a **sick person**.

- **ebulus**, see **ualuart**.

- **ecsamail**, see **examail**.

- **edach** (lat. **pannus**, **plagella**, **spongia**), **cloth**.

- **edan, etan** (lat. **frons**), **the forehead**.

- **edera (arborea)**, see **eiginn (na crann)**.

- **edus**, a **kid, young goat** lat. **haedus**).

- **eigheann talman** (syn. **edera terrestris**, **ground ivy**, **Glechoma hederacea** Webb. Chapter 112.

- **eiginn (na crann)** (syn. **edera arborea**, **funis *pauperum***; lat. **edera nigra**, **ivy**, **Hedera helix** Webb. Chapter 111.


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p.725


**funis pauperum** means the ‘poor man's twine’.

- **eighinn na sceithi**; I take this to be **traveller's joy**, **Clematis vitalba** Webb.

- **eigrim (Gaedhilach)** (syn. pibinella; lat. **pimpinella**, **sorbastrella**), **burnet**, **Sanguisorba officinalis** Webb. Chapter 224.

- **eilifint**, **elephant**. Chapter 250.

- **eilifreog, eilitreog** (syn. arracia, attriplex; lat. **atriplex**), **orach**, **Atriplex patula** Webb. Chapter 38. The term appears to have been applied also to **Atriplex hortensis** CTW when it came to be cultivated.

- **eillin** (syn. elena campana; lat. **enula campana**), **elecampane**. **Inula helenium** Webb. Chapter 115. With reference to the mention in Chapter 115 of coughs and the respiratory organs, elecampane was traditionally used to treat consumption, and in 1885 it was shown to contain a ‘bacteriocide destructive to the tubercle bacillus’.

- **eipilensia** (lat. **epilepsia**, **caduci**), **epilepsy**. Lile Eg 71v, 72r ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 25): Is eadh is epilencia and galar oiffigeach na hinchinne bacus mothughadh & eirghi don corp uile & maille re buaidirt ro-moir an gluasachta ar son duinteadh do-nitear a ca*bha*naibh neamh-oireadha na hincinne. Asi cuis na heaslainte so linn no gaethmuireacht reamhur duinis fighisi neamh-foirfi na hinchinne & toirmiscus sibhal na spirad cum na mball & is uime sin coimeignightear neach cum



---

p.726




tuitime ar lar a cetoir & ni moithighinn en red & ni fedann beith ina sesam ar aon modh acht is eigin do loighi muna ba hepilencia ro-bec hi ... & bith gluasacht na lamh & na cos co hudmall an-orduightheach & mar an cetna do gluasacht na hanala & is uime sin tre foireigin & tre an-ordughadh gluasachta na hanala bith cubhar do sir fon mbel.’’

- **eirghi**, **getting up**.

- **eirisipialas**, see **teine diadh**.

- **eisbeorna** (syn. **esula**; lat. **esula**), **spurge**, **Euphorbia species** Webb. Chapter 118. See **gerr an eighme**..

- **eitic** (lat. **ethica febris**), **hectic fever**; Lile NLS 19v, 20r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 9): ‘Is eadh is hectica ann fiabras cointinoideach aon-fhoirme gan cion leanna, darub subigheacht in croide & na boill daingne. Dleaghar a fhios go bfuilid da ectica ann .i. ectica maille re fiabras & hectica gan fiabrus, da ngoirtear hectica na harrsaidheachta, ina mbi tirmeacht ro-ard & in teasaideacht & an fuaraideacht cudroma no gar do cudromacht, ionnus nach bi tosgughadh ro-mhor ag ceachtur dip, & uair eli tosguidhe in fuaraideacht & in tirmeacht go mor mar is follus isna sendaoinibh & uair ann tegmuidh an eitic arsaidheachta so isna macaomhaibh & isna daoinibh oga ... Is comurtha ar fiabrus hectica teasaideacht is mo do beith isna hairtirip na isna hionadhaibh ele ina ttimchioll. Maseadh in tan bis fiabrus cudroma en-foirme gan examlacht do theacht ann


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p.727



da leith fein in cet la no in .2. la no in .3. la & an croicionn do dhul a bfeoigheacht, is comartha sin ar a dul isin cet gne, & is decair in gne sin d'aithne do reir Auicenna, & is urusa a leighis & ise a adhbhar sin oir fedaigh si beith gan tirmeacht mar foillsighios Galienus De Differentiis Febrium. Annsa .2. gne vero do gabtar in tirmeacht follus & gidh be uair do-berar biadh inte lasaidh nisa mho & luathaightear an pulsa mar is follus isin aol bheo in tan croitear uisce fair. In .3. gne vero bid na suile cabhanach an croicionn righthi & an bhru cenguilte don druim & in pulsa te folamh cruaidh mar shreing arna righeadh & bi an fual mar ola & da ndoirtir ar cloich e do-ni tairm bodhardha. Et isiad so comarthaidhe etic na harsaidheachta .i. in puls do bheith bec mall & in fual do beith tana isill.’

- **eitne** (lat. **nucleus**, **medulla**), **kernel**.

- **elasia** , see **vernix**.

- **elifansia** (lat. **elephantia**). The reference in Chapter 134, on the face of it, suggests that this is the form of **lepra** called by **Bernard of Gordon** **lepra elephantia** (see **luibhri**). However, it is more likely to be **elephantiasis**, a disease that involves a gross overgrowth of the skin and subjacent textures. That disease is caused by repeated inflammation of the skin and obstruction of the lymphatic vessels, commonly by


---

p.728



infection carried by mosquitoes. As regards **lepra elephantia**, Lile Eg 34r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 22), referring to **lubhra**: ‘Et is iat so comurthaidhe an leanna pecaigheas ... Et mad o linn dubh bes bith an aghaidh ac dul a nduibhe buaidheartha innus da mbe an t-aor ro-teasaide no da ngluaisi no da ngaba fearg e; co mbi an dath dearg buaidheartha ac dul a nduibhi & da mbe in t-aer fuar no eagla da gabail; bith an dath liuidus buaidheartha ac dul a nduibhe; & bith moran do cnapanaibh isin corp uile & bid besa melancolica aigi & bidh stupor & bodracht ann & bith an fual sem isill. Maseadh ... da mbia o linn dubh, aderar elefancia.’

- **elistront** (syn. alagsandrum, **masedonica**, petrusidinum, peirsilli alastroint; lat. **petrosilinum**), **alexanders**, **Smyrnium olusatrum** Webb. Chapter 19. The Irish text uses both **Ysaac** and **Platearius** for Chapter 19 on this drug, and it also uses the same chapter (re Petrosilinum) of **Platearius** for Chapter 218 on **Petrosilium**, **peirsille**. **Platearius** says ‘Petrosilinum ... est autem duplex, domesticum & agreste quod sinonum dicitur’, and this may give a clue about the apparent confusion between alexanders and parsley. **Petroselinum**, like the English ‘**parsley**’, appears to have been used as a generic name for a number of Umbellifers.

- **elleborus**, see **tataba**.

- **emagrania** (lat. **emigranea**, from **μικανα**, a pain



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p.729



on half the head). Lile Eg ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 10): ‘[53v] An .6. fodhall oireadha .i. co mbi teinneas and tachmuigideas in ceann uile & teinneas tachmuigidheas cuid de & in tan tachmuigidheas co hullidhe e aderar cephalia no ouum ris & in tan bis a cuid de da mbia 'na leath aderar emigranea ris & da mbia a cuid bus lugha na sin aderar clauus ris & aderit na tuatadha in tan sin curob cronughadh no aibhirseoireacht bis orra oir taibhrightear doibh beith aga ngoin le tairringnibh no le snathadaibh ... [56v] Is eadh is emigrania and teinneas bis a leith in cind co foirimillach no co hinmedonach & is maille re periodus is mionca bis.’

- **emaroighideis** (lat. **emorroidas**), **haemorrhoids**.

- **ematites** (lat. **ematites**), **haematite, native iron oxide**, **F2O3**, an ore of iron, red in colour. Chapter 121.

- **ematoica**, (syn. **seili fola**,) (lat. **haemoptysis**), **spitting of blood**. Lile Eg 114v, 115r ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 6): ‘Is and
so labhurtar don tseli fola cuirtear tar an mbel. Do-nitear an easlainte so uair and o cuisibh foirimillacha & uair eli o cuisibh inmedonacha. O cuisibh foirimillacha vero an tan tegmas do neach uisce fuar d'ol ina mbia an peist re n-abur sanguissugha innas co leanann don carbud no don braghaid & co ndoirtinn fuil. Et tic an fuil uair eli le hingar no le sileadh cl*eibh* in tan codlas neach fa deallradh an re & co hairithi an tan tic deallradh an re a fuinneogaibh no a pollaibh caola no cumga osa cinn. Et tic an sili fola a caitim


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p.730



imurcach na mbiadh nger mar atait uinneamhain & gairleog & cartlann, no o caithemh na mbiadh saillti no aigedach. Et tic uair o tuitim & o bualadh & o leimnigh & o eighem & o gaire ro-mor & o feirg & o fuath & o sceatrach tsaothrach & o cosachtaigh laidir. Et atait neithi cuidigheas an easlainte so do denum mar ata teasaideacht imurcach & fuacht imurcach & a cosmaile mar ata rith & saothar & coimriachtain & neamh-codladh & moran da cosmailibh. O cuisibh inmedonacha vero tic uair and on ceann & teid cum na srona & cum an carbuid & cum an ochta & tic uair eli on olmach [feólbach] & on carbud & o rannaibh eli an beoil & tic uair eli on gaile & ona haeibh & tic on tseilg & tic o fostughadh na fola mista no o emoroydes & tegmaidh an easlainte so co gnathach dona dainibh da mbeantar ball da mballaibh in tan linaid iat co himarcach & do-nitear an easlainte si uair eli o cin an ochta mar ata neascoid an ochta in tan tsilis rann da hadhbhar tar na sreabhannaibh amach & tic uair eli o creacht an scamain no an ochta & tic uair eli o oslagadh no o brisidh no o gearradh no o cnai no o geire & do-nitear an t-oslagadh sin o tennadh do-nitear o gaotmuireacht no o linadh leannaighi.’

- **emblici**, (lat. **emblici**), **emblic**, *(or amla, the Indian Gooseberry)* the fruits of **Phyllanthus emblica**, one of the five sorts of **myrobalans**. Chapter 122. See **mirbolani**.



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p.731


- **ementa** (lat. **femininum**), **feminine**.

- **emitritius** (lat. **emitriteum**), **hemitritaeus** (referred to in chapters 101 and 233), a **fever compounded of a continuous and an intermittent fever**. The name comes from **hémi** ‘half’, and **tritaios**, ‘on the third day’. Lile NLS 19v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 8): ‘Hemitriteus vero fiabras comsuighighthe o fiabras cointinoideach & o fiabras interpolata e, & fedur a tabairt cum tri gnethe ara mbidh ni so-althionta. Maseadh is amhlaidh cuisighthir in cet gne don emetriteus o quotidiana cointinoideach & o tertiana interpolata, & in dara gne o tertiana cointinoideach & o quotidiana interpolata. An .3. gne cuisighthir o quartana cointinoideach & o tertiana interpolata.’.

- **empima** (lat. **vomitum sanguineum**), **empyema**. Lile Eg 116r, v ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 7) : ‘Gairtear empima don tseli ingair bis a cabhan an cleibh no in scamain ... Is eadh is cuis do in catarrus tuitis on ceann cum an ochta & cruinnigheas a cabhanaibh folma an cleibh & in tan nach innarbtar as sin e & nach glantar le cosachtaigh dileaghtar annsin e madh eigin & impaidtear a sileadh & is don cruinniughadh silidh sin gairtear empima & do-nitear empima ar modh eli .i. an tan bristear na neascoideadha roim geneamhain foirfi an tsilidh & uair and taireis geneamhna foirfi an tshilidh & 
ritheas a


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p.732



folmaigeacht an cleibh & is iat so na neascoideadha o ndentar empima .i. **squinanncia** & pleurisis & perpleumonia & rithidh andsin moran fola co minic a cumasc an tshilidh & cuisightear an easlainte so uair and ona leannaibh & ona dethachaibh tic on corp co huilidhe & cruinnightear a folmaigeacht an cleibh no an scamain & impaightear a sileadh iat. Et do-nitear an easlainte so uair eli o creachtaibh an cleibh & an scamain & ona cuisibh is cosmail ru & bith a fis agad, ac labairt a modh foirleathan, gach uile tshileadh cruinnigtear a folmaigeacht an cleibh gan cumdach dleaghar empima do radh ris gidheadh is and is disle empima do radh ris an tan tic on scaman. Bith a fis agad curob iat a cuisi is comartha don easlainte so gidheadh fedmuid cuid eigin da comartaibh do cur and so oir an sileadh bis andsa cliabh in tan tinnscnas in cliabh no an scaman do cnai & do creachtnugadh bith an t-othar andsin maille re fiabras ciuin & a beith nis mo san oidhche ina sa lo & maille re deirgi na ngruadh & re teasaideacht na lamh & na cos & bith lesach arna cosaibh & bith an cosachtach maille re cumsanadh fallsa & tromdacht a ndiaigh an bidh & a cosmaile.’

- **en**, a **bird**; **en circe** (lat. **pullus**), a **pullet**, a **chicken**.

- **endiuia, indiuia** (lat. **endivia**, **scariola**), the **cultivated endive**, **Cichorium endivia**. Chapter 114. There is some confusion between **endivia** and **scariola**, and at one point  *Circa Instans. says

endivia ... que alio nomine


---

p.733



scariola dicitur.’’* However, in Chapter 91, a recipe includes ‘andiuia & scairiola’, and scairiola is separately identified s.v.

- **(d')entaib, aentaib**, **all together**.

- **eolach**; **na heolaidh**, **the experts**.

- **eorna** (syn. lat. **ordium**, lat. **ordeum**), **barley**. Chapter 216. Two species were cultivated, **eorna mhór**, **Hordeum vulgare**, and **eorna bheag**, **Hordeum distichon**, both of which occur as relics of cultivation but do not persist or become naturalised. The ways in which barley was used are indicated by the terms:
  

**min eorna** (lat. **farina**, [once, **polenta**] ); Chapter 130;
  

**plur mine eorna** (lat. **contrita polenta**, **pasta**);
  

**plur mine eorna** (lat. **contrita polenta**, **pasta**);
  

**uisce eorna** (lat. **aqua ordei**, optime ordeum ut fiat aqua spissa sicut ptisana);
  

caith;
  

aran.
  

 *Circa Instans. (Erlangen copy, Wölfel p. 89):

Polenta fit ex farina ordei et aqua. Far autem sic fit: Ordeum mundatum in molla ponitur et conteritur mola aliquantulum sublevata, ut quasi operetur farinam. Ordeum mundatum decoquatur in aqua donec accedat ad spissitudinem et subrufum colorem et


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p.734



talis aqua optima est. Farina ordei polenta el us dicitur ... In aqua decoquatur farina et fiant inde pultes.’’*

- **epatica** , see **ae aba**.

- **epaticum**, see **aloes**.

- **epitimen**, see **blath na time**.

- **erbulair** **herbal**.

- **errnia** (lat. **dolor testiculorum**), **hernia**.  *Lile. Eg 183r ( LM. Pt. 7, Ch. 7):

Don maidm shicne. Atait .7. ngneithi ar eirnea an mheid ata ar lathair. An cet gne aderar uentosa .i. gaothmuireacht ria. An .2. gne aderar aquosa .i. uisceamhail ria. An .3. gne humoralis .i. leannaidhi. An .4. gne carnosa .i. feolmar. An .5. gne uaricalis. An .6. gne zirbalis. An .7. gne *in*testinalis oir an tan atas sparan na n-uirghidh gan neascoid gan fiabrus gan teinneas mor do-citear co mbi brisidh *ruptura* and an tan sin & is uime sin as eidir hernea do gairm mar ainm generaltea de oir is cosmuil re brisidh firinneach e & do-nitear an tan sin uair and o gaoith & uair eli o uiscemhlacht, uair eli o linn & uair eli fasaidh feoil let amuigh do naduir and & uair eli lintar na cuisleanna d'fhuil melancolica & do-nitear uair eli uarices reamhra a reimhe meir uair and & uair eli tuitidh zirbus .i. an meathradh bis ar muin na n-inneadh & oir atait na hinneadha arna timcilliughadh do zirbus & do sifac & do mirac & uair eli lactar na sreabhainne sin & do-nitear


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p.735



hernia inginalis in tan sin & uair ele bristear iat & tuitid na hinneadha a sparan na n-uirgidh in tan sin & isi so as hernia fhirinneach and & uair eli oslaictear dindimus & boctar & tuitidh sis. Do-nitear crepatura uair and o cuisibh foirimillacha & uair eli o cuisibh inmedonacha. O cuisibh foirimillacha mar ata saothar & coimriachtain & leimneach & gach ni cosmail ru & a ndenum deis linta ro-moir inmedonaigh oir is urusa sifac do brisidh in tan sin & bristear e fos o cosachtaigh tshaothrach & in tan fostoigtear o cuis eigin an sileadh do, bi ullamh cum a innarbtha. Madh cuis inmedonach beas and bith sin o bogadh no o linadh cona cosmaile. Madh hernia gaothmur bes and bidh cuirineacht and in tan sin & gluaistear an gaothmuireacht on taobh co celi. Madh hernia uiscemhail bes and teid co hurusa roim an tadhall & bith maille re linadh droch-leannann & tic cum na ndaoine bis ullamh cum idropisi. Humoralis vero aitintear hi ar son co mbi an corp linta & bit gan teinneas & teid roimh an tadhall & bith buigi innte inmedonach idir an ngne uisceamhail & in gne feolmur. Sa gne feolmur vero do-citear an togh *testiculus* arna medughadh gan teinneas gan neascoid. Uaricosa vero bith cruaidh fada a cosmailis tslaitíne. Sirbalis vero ni inntoighinn tar ais ge loigheadh neach faon. Intestinalis vero impaidh co lor a usacht da loightear faon. Ata deithfir idir an lagadh & an sineadh oir da


---

p.736



mbe neach ina sesamh ara bonnaibh & a anal do dingi cum na mball iochtarach da tuitid sin co hurusa sis le dingi na hanala is brisidh ata and & muna dernait is sineadh. Maseadh an tan do-chifeam at salach blein a cosmaileas uighi, & bimaid cunntabartach an brisidh no an sineadh ata and, dleaghmaid in tan sin in t-othar do suighiughadh & in t-at do cur asteach le laimh & a dingi le & eirgidh ina seasamh ainnsein & aithnighim de cosachtach do denum no a anal do dinghi & da tuite an t-at is brisidh ata and & muna derna as sineadh. An tan vero bis dindimus arna bogadh & bis a pholl mor edluith is urusa les na hinnibh tuitim a sparan na n-uirgidh in tan sin.’’*

- **eruca**, see **cearrbocan**.

- **esula**, see **eisbeorna**.

- **es ustum**, see **umha (loiscthe)**.

- **etan**, see **edan**.

- **euforbium** (lat. **euforbium**), **officinal spurge**, the imported dried latex of the North African species, **Euphorbia resinfera**. Chapter 119. See **gerr an eighmhe**.

- **eupatorium**, see **iubar sleibe**.

- **examail**, **examlacht** (lat. **diversitas)**), **diverse**, **diversity**.

- **examlaidhid** (lat. **diversus**), **is distinguished**.

- **Fabra**, **eyelash**.

- **fail** (lat. **singultus**, **cardiacum**), **hiccup**. See **singultus**.

- **fairrgi** (lat. **marina**), **the sea**.



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p.737


- **fairsingidh** (lat. **enlargare**), **expands**.

- **faiscid**, **presses, squeezes**.

- **fastidium** (lat. **abominatio**), **nausea**. Lile Eg 136r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 8): ‘Is eadh is fastidium and aduathmaireacht in bidh & in dighi maille re hurlagadh eigin & re hailgis eigin cum sceathraighi o truailliughadh an bidh & na leannand sa gaile.’

- **faithne** (lat. **verruca**), **wart**.

- **farcan** (lat. **fungus**, **spongia**), a **bracket fungus on a tree**. See **agairg**. The true sponge was known and used, but certain funguses looked like sponges, and, as is indicated in Chapter 17, were used as sponges. Buller (1914–16) p. 55 says that various forms of the name "sponge" were and are applied in Italy to species of fungus, including the edible **Morchella esculenta**.

- **farina**, see **eorna**.

- **fas**, **growth**.

- **fascadh**, vn. of **faiscid**, **to press or squeeze**. **Fascadh tri edach**, **to press through a cloth, to strain** (lat. **colare**).

- **fathadh** (lat. **pannum superfluum**), **wrinkles**; cf. **pannuceus**.

- **feadan** (lat. **fistula**, **embotum**), a **pipe or funnel**. **Feadan linnidhan** (lat. **fistula**), an **ulcer**, described in Lile Eg: [27v] ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 19, Rub. 1) ‘Is eadh is fistula and crecht cabhanach domuin maille re sileadh do-nitear o linn finn morgaighthi truaillidhe loiscthi ...’ [29v] (Rub. 7) ‘Is eadh is fistula and,


---

p.738



creacht cabanach salach, lethan astigh & cumang amuigh, duintear uair and & osclas uair eli, & foillsightear fistula trit na haicidibh sin.’

- **feadanacht**, the **entry into an ulcer**; **linnidha & feadanacht**, lat. **fistula**, **humositas**. See **feadan**.

- **fearban** (syn. **tapsia**, lat. **tapsia**), **buttercup**. The Irish text in Chapter 268 is based on **Platearius**' chapter on **tapsia**, i.e., **Thapsia garganica**, a plant of the Mediterranean region. **Fearbán** (‘that which blisters’) is the ordinary name for **buttercup**, because of the blistering effect of the juice that is expressed when the living or freshly gathered plant is crushed. However, it is possible that the name is applied in Chapter 268 to **Thapsia**, which was generally used in medicine to raise blisters and may well have been imported by the apothecaries. Alphita, p. 83, gives **herba trutannorum**, ‘the herb of the beggars’, as a name for **tapsia**, and **Mowat** quotes **Bartholomeus** to the effect that beggars are accustomed to sprinkle their faces with tapsia, so as to appear like lepers, and afterwards they wash themselves with juice of horehound and vinegar, which completely removes the blisters. **Tapsia**, he says, blows up the face of a person who rubs it on.
  

It is also possible, however, that people adapted the buttercup to the uses that were made of **tapsia** on the Continent, because it had similar properties, and


---

p.739



the true **tapsia** was expensive or hard to come by. ***Aodh Mac Domhnaill** says (Beckett, p. 130) of **faraban** (which, on p. 120, is equated with crowfoot):

Faraban so luibh nac ndean daoine no alleach a husacht mar is nimh losgach í ... niel sí air a glacadh an taobhstigh mar is nimh losgach i as a se a sualche ana cheirienn gur guiste a thogamh si bluingaidh no ni air bith eile da bhuil aga na doctoir acht go bpeinan si nies mo ...’’*
  

Investigation of the blistering substance found in numerous species of the **Ranunculaceae**, in particular by **Shearer** (1938), **Kroeber** (1949) and **Hill** and **Van Heyningen** (1951), revealed that the plants contain a glucoside, for which the name ‘**ranunculin**’ was proposed. When the tissues are crushed, the glucoside is converted enzymically to **protoanemonin**, an oil which is volatile in steam and very soluble in water. This is the active substance which causes the blistering. After a few days, protoanemonin polymerizes to the insoluble crystalline product anemonin, which is harmless, so that the dried plants do not cause blistering.
  

It would appear that, in the past, of the buttercups, people took most notice of **Ranunculus sceleratus**. **Kroeber**, who goes into the history of the medical usage of the **Ranunculaceae**, says they are called **Hahnenfuß** in reference to the shape of the


---

p.740



leaves of **Ranunculus sceleratus** which, he says, is the most poisonous species of all the **Ranunculaceae**. It is not unlikely that the name ‘**ranunculus**’ was also first suggested by this species. ***Kroeber** says of it:

This species is, so to speak, a botanical amphibian, because not only does it grow on rubbish dumps, swampy muddy places, swampy meadows, in ditches and on the edges of ponds, but it ventures also occasionally into shallow water, and at times it even arrays itself as a veritable water-plant with big, glossy floating leaves ... The name Ranunculus is a diminutive of rana, a frog, by reason of the wetness of the places where the plant takes its stand.’’*
  

Analysis of some of the species showed that the yield of the blistering substance as a percentage of the fresh weight of the plant was about average in **Ranunculus sceleratus**. However, it is likely that, since this species is much bulkier that the others, the substance is available in greater quantity from it than from the other species.
  

I submit, therefore, that, although **fearbán** in general usage was extended to as many species as the English ‘buttercup’ is, in the medical context it probably refers to **Ranunculus sceleratus**. This species is also referred to in Chapter 36 as **imas na lathfan**, ‘the celery of the frogs’, an ad hoc translation of


---

p.741


**apium ranarum**. 
  

As to other species of **Ranunculus** referred to in the text, see **aibill uisce**, **glaiser lena** and **meirsi**.



---

p.742


- **feardacht** (lat. **genitalia**), the **male genitals**.

- **fearthain** (lat. **pluvialis**), **rain**.

- **feinel** (syn. **feniculus**; lat. **feniculus**, **marathrum**), **fennel**, **Foeniculum vulgare** Webb. Chapter 131.

- **feinel dearg**, **red fennel**, a variety of **Foeniculum vulgare** Webb. **Ogden** (1969, p. 89) says ‘**Rede fenell** may have been fennel with red or reddish seeds. Cf. **fenell with the sede rouge**, 67/10. Perhaps, with the looseness of medieval colour names, red fennel seeds may have been the dark, reddish-brown seeds of German, or Saxon, fennel, as distinguished from the green seeds of sweet, or Roman, fennel. On the other hand, it may have been the sub-variety described in Lyte transl. Dodoens Niewe Herball (1578), p. 269: ‘There is an other sorte of this kinde of Fenell [i.e. true Fenell], whose leaves waxe darke, with a certayne kinde of thicke or tawny redde colour, but otherwise in all things like the first.’’ According to Flora Europaea ii 341, the plant that is widely cultivated for flavouring and which has sweet-tasting fruit is the subspecies **vulgare**, while the subspecies **piperitum**, which grows in dry, rocky places in the Mediterranean region, has sharp-tasting fruit.

- **feinel na muc** (syn. **feniculus porsinas**, **maelan muilithi**; lat. **cotula fetida**), **stinking mayweed**, **Anthemis cotula**, 


---

p.743



see Webb p. 93. See **Maelan muilithi**.

- 1. **feith** (lat. **nervus**), **nerve, sinew**. Per ***Thomas of Cantimpré**, De Natura Rerum. , p. 40:

By the nerves the bones are linked with one another, as the doctors say. The nerves arise from the brain, so that it is through the nerves that all perceptions come. Whenever any part of the body is injured, immediately pain affects the brain. Out of the origin of the two principal nerves, two webs are woven over the brain. In the regions where there are bones, there is a great number of nerves. There is no blood in the nerves as there is in the veins. By their nature, it is on their length and not on their breadth that nerves split. Whereas veins join up again when they are cut, the nerves do not.
  
There are no nerves in the human head, but there are many in the hands and feet. The nerves that are extended in the arms are great and strong, while those in the legs are greater and stronger. Nerves which are deprived of any of the necessary humours contract, resulting in considerable pain to the patient. As Galienus says, the nerves are of a hard and flexible substance and are difficult to separate. Their function is to transport the perceptive and motive virtues from the brain to the other parts of the body, and to strengthen the whole body wherever they exist in it. On this, **Pliny** says


---

p.744



that the nerves which originate in the heart do not join up again once they are cut and, amazingly, when the patient is in extreme pain from wounding, once the nerves are cut there is no pain.’’*

- 2. **feith**; according to the DIL, this is some kind of twining plant (with tough or woody stem). It may be the **hop**, **Humulus lupulus** Webb.

- **feiteach** (of parts of the body), **containing "nerves"**. See 1. **feith**.

- **feitleog**, **feitlinn**, **the sinewy stem (of the ivy)**..

- **fel**, see **domblas ae**.

- **fenementum**, see **laibin**.

- **feniculus**, see **feinel**.

- **feniculus porsinas**, see **feinel na muc**.

- **fenegrecum** (syn. **pis no feinel Greagach**; lat. **fenugrecum**), **fenugreek seeds**, a spice that is widely cultivated, derived from the leguminous plant **Trigonella foenum-grecum**.

- **feoighi** (lat. **siccus** **withered, dried**.

- **feoil** (lat. **caro**), **flesh**.

- **feolmar**, **fleshy**.

- **ferann**, **land**.

- **ferdris**, the **dog rose**, **Rosa canina** Webb.

- **fér magrallach** possibly the **marsh or floating foxtail**, **Alopecurus geniculatus** Webb, but, more likely perhaps, **Alopecurus bulbosus** CTW, if imported.

- **ferrarium**, a **deposit left in water by hot iron**.



---

p.745


- **ferrdha** (lat. **masculus**), **male**.

- **ferrugo** a **iron dross**, see **slaidteach** and **slaighe**.

- **ferrum**, see **iarunn**.

- **fesog** (lat. **barba**), a **beard**.

- **fex**, see **deascaid**.

- **fiabras** (lat. **febris**), **fever**. See **coididiana**, **intribulata**, **quartana**, **terciana**. If malaria was a problem, as it was in the Greece of Hippocrates, the remarks of ***Stannard** (1961) p. 617, are of interest in relation to our text:

It must not be forgotten that malaria was endemic in ancient Greece. It is, therefore, probable that a latent or chronic malarial infection colored the clinical manifestations of many disorders. The frequent references to enlarged or painful spleen and the periodical chills and fevers are ample evidence.’’*

- **fiacal** (lat. **dens**), **tooth**.

- **fiadh** (lat. **cervus**), **deer**.

- **fiadain**, **wild**.

- **fialtog**, a **bat**.

- **ficus** see **fige**.

- **fidhis**, a **channel**.

- **fige** (lat. **ficus**, **caricis**), **fig**, fruit of **Ficus carica**, Chapter 140.

- **filipindula** (lat. **filipendula**), **dropwort**, **Filipendula vulgaris** Webb. Chapter 135.

- **filun**, **felon, an abscess**. The term appears to be a


---

p.746




synonym of **antrax**, q. v.

- **fin** (lat. usually **vinum**); once each, **passum**, **merum**
**wine**. Chapter 280.

- **fineamhain** (lat. **vitis**), the **vine**, **Vitis vinifera**. Chapters 217 and 273.

- **finegra** (syn. **accetum**, **oxiren**, **oxiriun**; lat. **acetum**), **vinegar**. Chapter 9.

- 1. **finn**, **white**; **linn finn**, the **phlegmatic humour**.

- 2. **finn** (lat. **macula**, **pannus**, **caligo**), a disease of the eye, possibly a **cataract**.

- **finnfadh** (lat. **pili**, **capilli**, **discriminalia**), **hair**, **animal's fur**.

- **finscoth** (syn. **cinoglosa**, lat. **lingua canis**), ‘**wine-blossom**’, **hound's tongue**, **Cynoglossum officinale** Webb. Chapter 71.

- **fisiceacht** (lat. ), **physic, i.e. medicine**.

- **fiuchadh** (lat. **decoctio**), **to boil**, also, of a condition of the stomach, lat. **calet**.

- **flamula**, see **aibill uisce**.

- **fleadmaticach**, **phlegmatic**.

- **flidh** (syn. **hipia mador**), **chickweed**, **Stellaria media**. Webb. Chapter 153. As **Stokes** pointed out (1888, p. 235) in relation to another copy of the text, the Latin headings in chapters 153 and 154 have been transposed; the usual Latin name for chickweed was **Hippia minor**. There was much confusion between the names for **chickweed** and **scarlet pimpernel**.



---

p.747


- **fliuch** (lat. **humidus**), **wet**.

- **fliuchadh**, **fluid**.

- **fliuchaid**, (lat. **humectare**), **to make wet**.

- **fliuchaideacht**, (lat. various cognates of humidus; **aquositas**, **lacrymae oculorum**, **aque oculorum**), **wetness**.

- **flos fraxini** see **fuinseog**.

- **flos rose** see **antera**.

- **flux** (lat. **flux**, **manans**, **profluvium**, **secessum**), **excessive flow**.

- **fo-buidhe** (lat. **citrinus**), **off-yellow**.

- **fochma** (lat. **pernio**, **mula**), **chilblain**.

- **fodmur** (lat. **autumnus**), **autumn**.

- **fognaidh**, **serves**.

- **foibert** (lat. **colirium**), **collyrium**, **eye-lotion**.

- **foillsigid**, **clarifies**.

- **foirbtiugadh**, **to bring to maturity or perfection**.

- **foireigneach**, **violent**.

- **foiridh**, **helps**.

- **foirimillach** (lat. **superficies**), **external**.

- **foirtill**, **strong**.

- **folcadh** (lat. **lavare**, **abluere**, **lotio**), **washes**, **bathes**.

- **folmaigid** (lat. **purgare**, **educere**, **solvere**, **depellere)**), **purges**.

- **folt** (lat. **capilli**, **discriminalia**.

- **folud** (lat. **substantia**), **substance**.

- **follamnugad**, (lat. **regimen**).

- **fonn** (lat. **regio**), **land**, **region**.



---

p.748


- **forbailteachas**, (lat. **leticia**), **joy**.

- **forcroiceann**, (lat. **cortex**, **superficies**), **outer skin**.

- **fordronn**, (lat. **pecten**), the **mons pubis**.

- **fo-ruagh** (lat. **subrufus**), **a dull foxy red**.

- **fostaigid**, **retains**.

- **fostaiteach** (lat. **constringendi**), **constraining, retaining**.

- **fotannan**, **thistle>**.

- **fotlact** (syn. **bibolica**, **biliria**), **narrow-leaved water-parsnip**, **Berula erecta** Webb. Chapter 66.

- **fotragadh** (lat. **fomentum**, **balneum**), **bath; fomentation**.

- **fraechoc**, see **lus na fraechoc**.

- **fragaria**, see **lus na talman**.

- **Frainc, an**, (lat. **Gallia**), **France**.

- **frasina**, (lat. **francigena)**), **French**.

- **fraxinus**, see **fuinnseog**.

- **frenisis** (lat. **freneticus**), **frenzy**. Lile Eg 69v ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 22): ‘Is eadh is frenisis and neascoid teasaide arna geneamhain a sicneadhaibh na hinchinne. Is iat comarthai na heaslainte so fiabrus cointinoideach bhuile & neamh-codlad & tart & duibhe na teangan & gluaiseacht an-ordaighteach na cos & na lamh & udmaille an chuirp uile & moran cainnti & aicide aduathmhara dasachtacha, & bith so uile co hisill a frenisis non vera & uair and bid a cumsanadh uile.’

- **fritbuailid** (lat. **repercussio**), **aborts (a boil), prevents it coming to a head**.

- **fritbuailteach** (lat. **repercussivus**), **repercussive**. Chapter 237. See **fritbuailid**.



---

p.749


- **fritcathugad** (lat. **repugnare, resistere**), **counteracts**.

- **fructus iuniperi**, see **iubar craigi**.

- **fu**, see **caertann curraig**.

- **fuacht**, **cold**.

- **fual** (lat. **urina**), **urine**.

- **fuar** (lat. **frigidus**), **cold**.

- **fuaraideacht**, **fuardacht** (lat. **frigiditas**), **coldness**. Written out only once, i.e. Chapter 40, ‘an aig*id* ... fuarda*cht*a na hinchin*n*e’, otherwise always contracted as fuar, sometimes even as .f. . It may be that **fuaraideacht** is for coldness in general, while **fuardacht** is for the coldness of an object. [175](javascript:footNote('G600005/note175.html'))

- **fuarc**: in relation to the ash tree, **fuarc fuinseann** (Chapter 71 )appears to be a gummy exudation that appears on the bark of the tree.  *Circa Instans. says, in the Modena version,

Fraxinus ... arbor est cuius cortex, semen *et* viscositas que ad modum fungi superexcrescint usui competunt medicine.’’* It may be that **Platearius**, writing in the south of Italy, was thinking in particular of **Fraxinus ornus**, the sugary exudation from which is harvested and sold as ‘**manna**’ (see Chapter 181). Possibly, too, **fuarc** is the basis of **farcan**, q. v.

- **fuardacht**, see **fuaraideacht**.

- **fuartha, fuarthach** (lat. **infrigidandi**), **cooling**.

- **fugo demonum**, see **bitnua**.



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p.750


- **fuil** (lat. **sanguis**), **blood**, **fuil derg**, the **sanguine humour**.

- **fuil bocain**, probably a toadstool, **Mycena haematopus** or **Mycena sanguinolenta**, both of which yield a latex which is dark blood-red.

- **fuil dreagain** (syn. **saingis dragoinis**, lat. **sanguis
draconis**), **dragon's blood**, a bright red gum or resin. *Stearn, in Opsomer ii (1984) ch. 389:

Dragon's blood, originally the red or reddish resin from **Dracaena cinnabari** Balf. f. of Socotra, Liliaceae (or Agavaceae), later also from **Dracaena draco** L., from the Canary Islands and from **Daemonorops draco** (Willd.) Blume, **Daemonorops ruber** Mart. and **Daemonorops propinquus** Becc. of East Indies.’’* In the case of the species of **Daemonorops** (family **Palmae**), the resin is prepared from the fruits, which are coated with it.

- **fuiligid** (lat. **scarificatio**), **scarifies, making shallow cuts in the skin to draw blood**.

- **fuil mista** (lat. **menstrua**), **menstruation**.

- **fuilngid** (lat. **ferre potest**), **endures**.

- **fuil ruad** (lat. **multum sanguinem et spissum**), another name for **fuil derg**, q. v.

- **fuine**, **to knead**.

- **fuinnseoc, fuinnseann** (syn. **fraxinus**; 
lat. **fraxinus**), the **ash tree**, **Fraxinus excelsior** Webb. Chapters 23 and 129. **Fuinnseann** is normally the genitive of **fuinnse**, of which **fuinnseoc** is a diminutive, but it is not


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p.751



always felt that way, e. g., Chapter 72, ‘luaith na fuinnsinne’.

- **fuit**, a **wasp**.

- **fumiter** (syn. **fumus terra**; 
lat. **fumus terra**), the **fumitory**, **Fumaria officinalis** Webb. Chapter 136.

- **fumus terra**, see **fumiter**.

- **fungus**, see **agaricus**.

- **funis pa*u*perum**, see **eiginn (na crann)**.

- **furtachtalgid** (lat. **solvere, iuvare, conferre, confortare, levare, mitigare, valere**), **relieves**.

- **Ga** (lat. **suppositum**, **suppositorium**, **magdaleon**), **suppository**.

- **gabail**, **yeast**.

- **ga copa** (lat. **licinium**, **stuellum**), a **surgical tent**, used to dilate a narrow opening; i.e., some substance, like certain seaweeds or sponge, which shrivels up when dried, and expands powerfully when it absorbs moisture. It is introduced dry into the opening it is to dilate, and expands in the course of some hours without producing pain. See David Greene, Celtica 15, 1, and
Cecile O'Rahilly, Éigse 9, 181.

- **Gaeidilc**, **the Irish language**.

- **gaethamhlacht**, **gaetmuireacht** (lat. **ventositas**, **inflatio**), **windiness**. **Gaethamhlacht** is used consistently in the first fifty chapters, and **gaetmuireacht** in the rest of
the text.



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p.752


- **gaethmur**, **windy**.

- **gag** (lat. **tritura**), **a crack in the skin**.

- **galle** (lat. **stomachus**, **alvus**), the **stomach**.

- **gailingan** (syn. **galanga**; 
lat. **galanga**), the **galangal rhizome**, derived from the **greater galangal**, **Kaempforia galanga/Alpinia galanga**, a reed-like plant of the ginger family. Chapter 143.

- **gaill-bilar**, **garden cress**, **Lepidium sativum** CTW, widely cultivated as a salad plant.

- **gaill-eigrim**, ‘**foreign burnet**’, **Poterium polygamum** CTW, formerly grown for fodder.

- **gaineam**, **sand**.

- **gairbhi** (lat. **raucedo**, **asperitas**), **roughness (of the voice)**, **hoarseness**.

- **gairbten** (lat. **asperitas**, **roughness**.

- **gairi** (lat. **risus**), **laughter**.

- **gairiofilata**, see **macall**.

- **gairisma** (lat. **gargarisma**), **gargle**.

- **gairleog** (syn. **aillium**; lat. **allium**), **garlic**, **Allium sativum** CTW. An Asiatic plant, cultivated here. I understand that much of what is stated in the Irish text is supported by Dr. W. Minchin, "The germicidal and therapeutic action of garlic", The Practitioner (1918) p. 145.

- **gairleog cailli** (lat. **flos mus*tardi***), **garlic mustard**, **Alliaria petiolata**Webb; family, Cruciferae. Mentioned in Chapter 30. The leaves smell of garlic when


---

p.753




crushed. The Latin term is printed in the 1497 edition as ‘**flos mus.**’.

- **gairmid**, **calls, names**.

- **galanga**, see **gailingan**.

- **galar** (lat. **egritudo**, **vitium**, **morbus**), **disease**.

- **galar buighe** (lat. **ictericia**), **jaundice**. See **buidheacair**.

- **galbanum** (lat. **galbanum**), **galbanum**, an oleo-gum-resin obtained from certain Asiatic species of **Ferula**, family Umbelliferae, mainly **Ferula galbaniflua**. Chapter 142.

- **galitricum**, see **cainche coille**.

- **galla** (syn. **alapsa**, **galla** **pomum quersuus**, lat. **galla**), **oak galls**. Chapter 17.
  

In the first few lines of his account of the **oak galls**, the Irish author simply translates the Latin text, but with two interesting points of his own. Where the Latin says they are ‘**fructus quercus**’, the Irish says they are ‘ubull fasas ar duilleabar na darach’, which serves to distinguish them from ‘**measoga na darach**’, i.e. the acorns, the true fruit of the oak. Again, where the Latin says ‘virtutem habent constringendi’, the Irish is more precise with ‘brigh fostoiteach coirtiteach’. The term ‘coirtiteach’ refers to the tanning property of the **oak galls**, being derived from ‘coirt’, ‘bark’ ([lt ] cortex), in reference to the use made by tanners of the bark of the oak.
  

Galls are growths arising on the tissue of plants, induced by plant or animal parasites, and sometimes by


---

p.754



mechanical means. Many galls are produced on the native Irish oaks, the best known being the ‘oak apple’. This is induced by a wasp, known in its agamous generation as **Biorrhiza aptera**, which emerges from her gall on the root in January and crawls up the tree to lay her numerous eggs in suitable terminal buds. The tree responds by developing tissue forming a ‘gall’ around the larva, when it develops, being induced to do so by the irritation of the tissue by the movements of the larva. The cells of the gall are immensely greater than normal. Galls are often full of waste products, such as resins and tannic acid. At maturity, the ‘oak apple’ is a smooth sphere, about 15 mm in diameter, hard, and tinted rose colour. The sexual generation of the wasp, known as **Biorrhiza pallida**, emerges in July, leaving a hole in the gall where it made its way out.
  

The Irish text suggests, however, that the galls used in this country in medicine were those in common use in Europe generally, the Aleppo gall which Theophrastus says is the only gall of use for tanning, and the Bassorah gall, used for dyeing wool. They are both induced by species of gall-wasp on **Quercus infectoria**, a small oak tree that grows in the Eastern Mediterranean region, and sometimes on other species. Oak galls are still availed of as a source of tannic acid, which, in medicine, is used as an astringent and


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p.755



styptic.

- **gallfhothannan** (syn. **branca ursina**; lat. **branca ursina**), **bear's breech**, **Acanthus mollis** CTW. Chapter 57. Some authorities understand the Latin name as **hogweed**, **Heracleum sphondilium** Webb, but the Irish name (=foreign thistle) indicates that it was applied to **Acanthus mollis** when that species came to be cultivated in Ireland. Stearn (Opsomer, 1984, ii 43) discusses the Latin name.



---

p.756


- **gallunach** (lat. **sapo**), **soap**. Soap, in the sense of the product obtained by the action of a base on fats, was invented by the Gauls early in the first century A.D. It was originally prepared from tallow and the ashes of the beech and yoke-elm, in two varieties, solid and liquid. In the 15th century, white soap was made from oil and tallow, with a lye made from fern ash and unslaked lime, while for black soap the lye was made from green oak boughs (Gibbs, 1939). The distinction made in Circa Instans (but not in the Irish text) between **sapo Gallicus** and **sapo spatarensis** appears to be between a soft soap and a ‘cutting soap’. The Irish word is discussed by de Bhaldraithe (1983).

- **Gamascum** (lat. **Damascus**) the city of **Damascus**.

- **garban**, literally, **roughage**; the bran or husks (of oats). The use of **garban coirci** in Chapter 58 to improve the digestion tallies with the present-day use of bran, which contains little or no carbohydrate, to provide roughage in certain cases of constipation,

- **gariofillus**, see **clobus**.

- **garr**, **pith, pulp**.

- **garrdha** (lat. **ortus**), **garden**.

- **gatfann** (lat. **iusquiamus**), **henbane**, **Hyoscyamus niger** Webb. The leaves contain alkaloids, including hyoscine, the poison that was used by Dr. Crippen.



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p.757


- **geadh** (lat. **anser**), a **goose**.

- **geadhar** (syn. **aron barba**, **iarus**, **pes uituli**; lat. **iarus**, **barba aaron**, **pes vituli**), **cuckoo-pint**, **Arum maculat urn** Webb. Chapter 1. The emphasis in the text on the roots and tubers reflects the fact that the plant has a tuberous rootstock rich in starch, which was formerly extracted and known as Portland arrowroot.

- **geal** (lat. **albus**, **albus et clarus**, **albus et lucidus**, **candidus**, **white**.

- **gealan** (lat. **albumen [ovi]**, **lacrymus [ovi]**), the **white [of
an egg]**.

- **gearb** (**(bruth no gearba ara mbel**), (lat. **excoriationem que est in labiis et gingivis**), **scab**.

- **gearradh** (lat. **incidere**, **vulnus**, **morsus animalium**), a **cut**.

- **geimreadh** (lat. **hyemale tempus**), **winter**.

- **geinidh** (lat. **creare**, **generare**), **produces**.

- **geir** (lat. **adeps**), **fat**.

- **gentiana**, **coirci lo[ ]**.

- **geneamhain** (lat. **conceptum**), **conception (by a female)**; **production**.

- **geneamhnach** (lat. **ad conceptum adiuvandum**), **conceiving (by a female)**.

- **genestula**, see **gilcach sleibhe**.

- **ger** (lat. **acutus**), **sharp, acute**.

- **geraigid** (lat. **acuere**), **sharpens**; **makes bitter or sour**.

- **gere** (lat. **acumen**), **sharpness or bitterness**.

- **gerr an eighmhe** (syn. **anabulla**, **titimaillus**), lat. **titimallus**), 


---

p.758


**petty spurge**, **Euphorbia peplus** Webb. Chapter 28.
  

The Latin writers used the term **tithimallus** as a general name for the spurges. They claimed to recognise seven sorts of spurge.
  

The spurges ([lt ] ex-purgare) were christened ‘Euphorbia’ by Juba, who wrote a treatise on them. He was king of Mauritania and Numidia, and husband of a daughter of Antony and Cleopatra. He named them after his physician in ordinary, Euphorbus, who is said to have been the first to use the latex of **Euphorbia resinifera**, and other North African species, medicinally. References in the medical literature to **euforbium** may be taken to refer to the imported dry latex of **Euphorbia resinifera** and other species.
  

Certain compounds of the juice of foreign species, regarded sometimes as forms of spurge because of their strong purgative powers, were also imported under the names **diagrydium**(which appears to have been a compound of the juices of spurge and scammony) and **scammonia**. The pure form of the latter was derived from the root of **Convolvulus scammonia** (of Syria and Asia Minor.). An Arabic recipe for diagrydium was to boil scammony with quince, then mix the quince pulp with the mucilaginous seeds of **Plantago psyllium**.
  

The sorts of spurge that were used fresh were: **esbeorna**: This word may be an attempt at the Latin


---

p.759



word **euphorbia**. Equated by Ó Cuinn with **esula**, it was probably a general name for the native species.
  

**gearr an éighmhe**: Equated by Ó Cuinn with **anabulla**, it appears from **Threlkeld**, p. 55, that it is the **petty spurge**, **Euphorbia peplus**. The Irish name ("the short thing that causes one to cry out") is not a misnomer for a plant whose latex burns the skin and, in its capacity as a purgative, is violent and needs to be used with care. 
  

**grán Oilella**: This is equated by Ó Cuinn with
**catapucia**, which is **Euphorbia lathyrus**. This is not native to Ireland or Britain, but it was cultivated for medical use.
  

**lauriola**: This was included amongst the spurges by some Latin writers under the name **mezereum**.
There are chapters in Ó Cuinn's book on the plant itself (spurge laurel, **Daphne laureola** CTW, Chapter 167), and also on its seed, as **conconidum** (**κνδειος κκκος**) .i. síl in labriola. (Chapter 74).

- **giba** (lat. **triturae**), **peeling (of the skin)**.

- **gilcach slebhe** (syn. **genestula**; lat. **genestula**, **bruscus**), **broom**, **Cytisus scoparius** Webb. Chapter 150. It is called **gilcach slebhe** to distinguish it from **gilcach** in the sense of ‘reed’, **Phragmites australis** Webb. There is some little confusion with the butcher's broom,


---

p.760


**Ruscus aculeatus** CTW, for which the medieval Latin name was **bruscus**, quite a different species, but having a point in common with broom, in that both were used as sweeping brushes. Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin (McGrath, 1936–37, i 82) appears to confirm the identification with broom: ‘Tá blath buidhe ar an giolcach.’ Elsewhere, **genista** was broom, while **genestula**, said to resemble broom, was **Genista species**, a plant that does not occur in Ireland: it has a white flower. Brodin (1950) p. 225 quotes the Encyclopaedia Britannica to the effect that the name Plantagenet is ‘Planta Genista’, a nickname given to the first of them, Geoffrey, because he used to wear a sprig of the broom plant in his cap.

- **gitt**, see **cogul**.

- **glacadh**, **to take (a medicine)**.

- **gladiolus**, see **soilisdur**.

- **glaiser coille** (syn. **barba siluana**; lat. **lingua bovis**, **buglossa**), **bugle**, **Ajuga reptans** Webb. Chapter 54. The Irish author uses the same Latin text as his basis for his chapters on bugle (54) and bugloss, **Anchusa arvensis** Webb (178), i.e., Macer Floridus' chapter on **Buglossa**. The Latin names bugla (or bugula) and buglossa (or bugulossa), though very similar, are in fact two quite different words.

- **glaiser lena**, **lesser spearwort**, **Ranunculus flammula** Webb. As to **Ranunculus** in general, see **fearban**.



---

p.761


- **glan** (lat., **purus**, **mundus**, **epuratus**), **clean**.

- **glanaid**, (lat. **mundare**, **purgare**, **abstergere**, **dealbare**, **depurgare**, **depurare**, **purificare**, **clarificare**), **cleans, clears**; **clarifies (a liquid)**.

- **glans**, see **measoga daracha**.

- **glantach** (lat. **purgandi**, **mundificandi**), **cleansing**.

- **glas**, **a shade between blue and green, with a suggestion of grey**. In Chapter 109, ‘dat glas’ may refer to the particular blue shade of copper sulphate. Unfortunately, the various sorts of **dragantum** have different colours attributed to them in the Irish and Latin texts. See **copurrus**.

- **gloine** (syn. **uitrum**; lat. **vitrum**), **glass**. Chapter 278.

- **gloiriam** (syn. **iris**; lat. **iris**), **stinking iris**. **Iris foetidissima** Webb. Chapter 158. The flower is normally a dull purple. The other species of iris referred to in the text are:
  

**gladiolus**, **soilisdur**, **yellow flag**, **Iris pseudacorus** Webb. Chapter 145. The flower is a bright yellow; the Latin Circa Instans says that **acorus** is the root of this plant;
  

**irios**, the species that was cultivated for the production of Orris rhizome, **Iris germanica var. florentina**, which has a white or very pale blue flower. The fact that ‘ireos’ is the genitive of ‘iris’ had been long forgotten.

- **gluin**, **knee**.



---

p.762


- **gluineach bec** (syn. **centinodia**; lat. **polligonia**), **knotgrass**, **Polygonum aviculare** Webb. Chapter 96.

- **gnathaigid** (lat. **mandere**, **potare**, **sumere**, **assuetare**, **vesci frequenter**, **uti**, **fiat multus usus**), **makes (habitual) use of**.

- **gne** (lat. **species**, **genus**, **maneries**, **differens**), a **sort or species**; **appearance or aspect**.

- **gobar** (lat. **caper**), a **goat**.

- **goirt** (lat. **acidus**), **acidic**.

- **gomoiria** (lat. **gomorea**, **dolor vulve**), **gonorrhoea**. Lile Eg 181r ( LM Pt. 7, Ch. 3): ‘Is eadh is gonorrea and dortadh neamhtoilemail an tshilne. Bith cuis inmedonach & cuis foirimillach aigi so. Cuis foirimillach mar ata sanntugad & caomhachas *amplexus*, no santugad re mnai & suighi ar cloichibh fuara, & a cosmaili. Mad cuis inmedonach hi bith o soithighibh an tshilne no o ballaibh eli. Mad o ballaibh eli tic sin on inchind mar is follus an epilensia mar a ndoirter an silne gan airiugad & co hairithi in tan connaimhter an t-adbar timchill na soithighidh. Mad ona soithighibh bes do-nitear sin ar son na mball re n-abur dindimi no ona huirghibh no ona hairnibh & tic ar son na mball sin do beith ro-the no ro-fuar ar mbeith pairilisi no **spasmus** orra, & fedaidh mar sin teacht o cin na feithidh & na laccerti & madh o linn beas bidh sin ar son co peacaighinn a cainndidheacht ro-moir no a cail, mar ata a beith ro-te no ro-uisceamhail. Madh o


---

p.763



cuisibh foirimillacha bes do-gabur sin o foillsiughadh an othair & da mbe ar son easlainte na mball eli foillsighit na heaslainteadha fein e & da mbia o pairilis na mball bith gan eirghe na slaite & indarbtar an sperma gan airiughadh, & da mbe o **spasmus** na feitheadh & na laccerti bith mail le re teinneas na fordronn & na loch mblen *pectinis et inguinum* & da mbia o teas na mball sin gortaightear iat o neithibh teasaide & furtachtaightear o neithibh fuara, & madh o imad in tshilne beas, bith teas & geire and & in tan bis an silne ag fagbail na sligheadh bith crith & rigor gan fuacht an tan sin and & tegmaidh teinneas cind & gne mania do droing and & fulang & tuitimideacht in cuirp uile, & don droing aga mbi silne ro-teasaide tegmaid na haicideadha so in tan do-nitear coimriachtain gin co bia gomorrea orra. Et da mbia an silne uisceamhail, bec salchus na hedaighidh ara tuitinn, ar son curob luath teid tritha. & Madh ona hairnibh beas, bith an silne reamur righin & tic uair and roimh an fual & uair eli ina diaigh & uair eli an enfeacht ris, & is uime sin is ro-tarbthach a this so do beith ag neach ar son na geneamhna. ... Is ro- dochraidheach in easlainte so oir teid in cinel daona ar neamhfni uaithi, & is uime sin aderur gonorrea ria, & is inann sin & flux an cineil daena, oir is mor do cuaidh d'eag do naire inniste na heaslainte so. ... Madh cuis te beas and maille re himad silne, denadh nuachar


---

p.764



do chead Chriost, oir is fearr nuachar na eag. ...’

- **gontach na brond**, **soreness of the abdomen**. Lile Eg 142r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 12): ‘Is eadh is tortura inneadh and teinneas galli maille re bruidernach & re docamhail & re hedfhualang & re mailis dasachtaigh & re haithirreach laighi, o linn ruagh & o leannaibh eli bis cludaighthi isna hinnibh. Dleaghar a tuicsin co fuil a com-aduathmhur so d'aicidibh acan easlainte so co cosmhailtear hi re cardiaca passio & re pacio ypocondriaca da ngairtear miracia da ndernadh imradh tuas a caibidil melancolia & cosmhailtear hi re hilica passio & re colica. ... Madh o teas bes bith maille re hitain & re lassadh & re bruidernach & re teinneas ro-ger gontach. ...’ This may be appendicitis, known colloquially as ‘a knot in the guts’, and ‘snaidhm ar stéig’.

- **goran** (don brut & dona goranaibh, lat. **prurigo**), **pimple**. Lile Eg 41v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 25): ‘Dona goranaibh beaga ... Is eadh is pustule and lesach bec a cosmaileas grainn na figeadh bis mar shal alluis & fedtar brollia dura do radh riu a tengaidh coltcinn lochta na prouinsia so. ’

- **gorm, guirm** (lat. **livor**), **bruised, a bruise**.

- **gorman**, **cornflower** **Centaurea cyanus** Webb.

- **gorman bec**, probably **pansy** **Viola tricolor** Webb.

- **gortaigid** (lat. **mordere**), **hurts**.

- **grainne** (lat. **granum**), **a grain**.



---

p.765


- **gran** (lat. **granum**, **semen**, **frumentum**), **grain**; **fruit of cereals**.

- **gran Oilella** (syn. **catapusia**; lat. **cataputia**), **caper
spurge**, **Euphorbia lathyris** C-TW. Chapter 99. See **gerr an eighmhe**.

- **granta parthais**, **grains of Paradise**, a spice consisting of the seeds of **Aframomum melegueta**), a West African plant of the ginger family.

- **Greig, an** (lat. **Grecia**), **Greece**. The word for the Greek language occurs four times, written twice as .gg. *(both letters bear a macron)* and twice as g*ig; probably, it should be read as ‘Greig’, but, perhaps, as ‘Greigis’.

- **greim** (lat. **morsus**), a **bite**.

- **grian**, the **sun**.

- **griban** (lat. **vermicularis**), **biting stonecrop**, **Sedum acre** Webb. It appears that, normally, **griban na gcloch** is this stonecrop, while **griban ban** is **white horehound**, **Marrubium vulgare** Webb.

- **gruag**, the **hair of the head**.

- **guasacht, guasachtach** (lat. **inimicus**); **danger, dangerous**.

- **guirm**, see **gorm**.

- **gultus**, the **throat**.

- **gum, gumi** (lat. **gumi**), **gum**, in the sense of a semitransparent vegetable substance, soluble in water, that exudes from certain trees and shrubs, and hardens on the surface thereof. Chapter 148.

- **gumamhlacht** (lat. **gumositas**), **gumminess**.



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p.766


- **gum araibi**, **gum araibium** (lat. **gumi arabicum**), **gum Arabic**, a dried gum obtained from the stems and branches of **Acacia senegal** (a tree about eighteen feet high, abundant in the Sudan and in Central and West Africa), and some other species of **Acacia**.

- **gum na Serrisdinach**, **gum Sarasenica** (lat. **gumi Sarracenicum)**), another name for **gum araibi**, q. v.

- **gurmaill** (syn. **cauda purcina**; lat. **peucedanum**), **gromwell**, **Lithospermum officinale** Webb. Chapter 77. The genus contains plants having hormonal activity.

- **guth** (lat. **vox**), **voice**.

- **guta**, **gout**.



---

p.767


- **Herba sangti petri**, see **soibirgin**.

- **herba ueneris**, see **ueruena**.

- **hermodactuli**, see **tene talman**.

- **hipia mador**, see **flidh**.

- **hipia minor**, see **rinn ruisc**.

- **Iara Constantini**, **yera pigra Constantini**; a compound medicine, see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **iaralogodion**, **yeralogodion**, a compound medicine, see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **iara rufini**, **yera ruffini**, a compound medicine, see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **iartar** (‘d'iartar na n-ainmhinnteadh’, lat. **vulva**), (the animal' s) **rear**.

- **iarunn** (syn. **ferrum**; lat. **ferrum**), **iron**. Chapter 124.

- **iarus**, see **geadhar**.

- **iasc** (lat. **piscis**), **fish**.

- **icaidh** (lat. **cohibere**, **curare**, **prodesse**, **sistere**, **iuvare**, **compescere**, **extinguere**, **obstare**, **sedare**, **solvere**, **mederi**, **sanare**), **cures**.

- **icslainte**, a **remedy** (with nuance of panacea); **icslainte na mbatlach** (lat. **tyriaca rusticorum**), see **batlach**. In  *Antidotarium Nicholai. ,

De Tiriaca magna Galieni:
Tiriaca magna quam Galienus composuit. Tiriaca .i. domina medicinarum facit gravissimis passionibus tocius



---

p.768




humani corporis remedium.’’*

- **idroipis**, **igroipis** (lat. **ydropisis**), **dropsy**. Lile Eg 163r ( LM Pt. 6, Ch. 5): ‘Is eadh is idropis and seachran na brighi re n-abur unitiua sa corp uile lenas claochlodh na brighi dileaghtha isna haeibh & is mar sin ata an idropis 'na seachran na brighi dileaghtha isna haeibh ... Et idirdeilightear tri gneithi aran idropis ona hinadhaibh ... iposarca no anasarca no leucafleadhmancia ... bith maille re hatt uilidhe in cuirp, & is uime sin asi an gne so is idropis firinneach ann ... & isi so gne is lugha is olc dibh uile. An .2. gne ... alsites ... & isi is measa dibh uile. An .3. gne ... timpanites ... & is ro-olc hi ... Na sreabhanna vero is foicsi dona hinnibh, gairter mirac de. Maseadh is eadh is mirac and, meithreadh sirbusamail tanaighi ar modh lin timcillis na hinne 'gan inmedon & tic ainnsein sreabhann eli is foicsi na sin don croicinn & gairter sifac di & is mar sin cludaightear an gaothmuireacht & in uisceamhlacht idir an da sreabhainn so ... Asiat so comurtadha na hidropisi ac teacht .i. an tan fostaightear leth amuigh do clechtadh re haimsir fada na himurcacha do gnathaigheadh d'innarbadh, mar ata allus & fearadh & fual & a cosmaile. An .2. comurtha .i. linadh droch-leannann co foirimillach & droch-dath na haidhche mar nar cleachtadh & uair and attaid na huirghi & uair ardaightear an tochlughadh & uair laighditear.



---

p.769




Comurtha na hidropisi do beith ar lathair .i. at na cos & na sul & docamhail na hanala & cosachtach tirim & at an medhoin & ita do-baite & laighdiughadh tochlaighthe an biadh tre saint na dighi & droch-dath. Comurtha iposarca at uilidhe in cuirp & puls tonnmar & fearadh ban folmar & da faiscter an feoil le mer fagaidh poll ina diaigh & ni bi in medhon comh-atmar innti & isna gneithibh eli.’ See **alsiteis** and **tempaniteis**.

- **igha** (teinneas an droma & an igha fuar bhis ann, lat. **sciasim**; don mnai bis re n-ignaibh, lat. **partus**), **pang**.

- **ilica** (lat. **yliaca**, **yliaca passio**), **ileus**. Lile Eg 151r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 17): ‘Is eadh is ylica and easlainte na n-inneadh caol maille re constipacion na bronn & re sceathrach minic & re teinneas dasachtach mar do tollfaidhi na hinne le tarathar. Dleaghar a tuicsin timchill an adhbuir so co comaentaighinn colica & yliaca ina cuisibh & ina comurthaibh & ina taisceltaibh & ina leigesaibh, gidheadh deifirighid oir is mo an teinneas an ilica & is luaithi marbus tre moithighthi na n-inneadh. An .2. deifir oir is mo bis an teinneas sibhlach cum na leithi desi & cli an ilica. An .3. deifir curob mo bis ilica o aer pladhamhail. An .4. deifir curob mo bis ilica on imlican suas. An .5. deifir oir mar is mo furtachtaightear colica o clistiribh is mar sin is mo furtachtaightear ylica ona neithibh do-berar anuas. Et don taebh eli ata deifir eturra so & teinneas na n-arann oir is mo bis teinneas



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p.770




na n-arann saidhti comhnaightheach an aon inadh & bith timchill an lesraidh & an tsliastaigh & na mball iochtarach & is bec furtachtaightear e le clistiribh mar do-nitear colica & aithintear iat arna neithibh do citear isin fual.’

- **ilon**, the **ileum**, **the lower end of the small intestine**. See **coilica**.

- **ilur**, an **eagle**.

- **im** (syn. **butirum**; lat. **butyrum**), **butter**. Chapter 67.

- **imas**, see **meirsi**.

- **imcubaid** (lat. **competens**, **congruus**), **suitable**, **appropriate**.

- **imcubuighidh** (lat. **competere**), **it is appropriate**.

- **imdaighidh** (lat. **augere**), **increases**, **multiplies** (transitive and intransitive).

- **imillach** (lat. **exterior**), **exterior** (as opposed to **inmedonach**, **interior**).

- **imlach**, **lively**.

- **imlican**, **navel**. At first sight, [l] **imlinn** and [2] **imlican** appear to have been regarded as synonyms, and to be used indiscriminately in the following chapters to render
  

**umbilicus**, [l] 31, 88, [2] 9, 149;
  

**pecten**, [l] 31, [2] 17, 156, 190, 222, ~~222,~~ 231, 232, 276;
  

**venter**, [2] 228, 264;
  

**alvum**, [2] 42;
  



---

p.771


**exterius matrici**, [1] 141.
  

The Latin **pecten** is explained by Alphita, p. 143, where it is stated that this word, basically a comb, was double-meaning. It could refer to the area around the genitals or to that toothed instrument itself. A **pecten** was owned by an ore-washer, a fish, a harpist and a farmer, i.e. it was a comb, a plaice, a plectrum and a harrow.
  

The Old Irish nominative singular of **imlinn** is **imbliu**, which, if I understand Thurneys*e*n (1946) p. 117 correctly, developed independently from the Indo-European. I suggest that the later **imlecán** is a diminutive of **imbliu**, with the suffix -ucán, and it may have been formed consciously by analogy with **umbilicus**. It contains a hint of the element of endearment, in -ucán. This procedure would be similar to that followed in inventing or adapting some other words, e.g., in the present text, **comhfhurtacht** for **confortare** and **toghairm** for **provocare**. Other examples are given by McManus (1984) at p. 141.
  

In translating the text, I have used ‘**belly**’ for **imlinn**, taking it to be the area between and including the **mons pubis** and the **navel**, and I have used ‘**navel**’ for **imlican**. Other associated words (which see) are **fordronn**, the **mons pubis**, and **loch bleine**, the **groin**.

- **imlinn**: the **belly**. See **imlican**.

- **imurcach**, **imurcaid, imurcraid** (lat. **superfluitas**, **nimium**, **multus**,



---

p.772


**abundantia**), **superfluous**; **superfluity**.

- inadh (lat. **locus**), **place**, **situation**.

- **inar**, a jacket (e.g. a layer of an onion). The term is used in Lile of the membranes in the eyes.

- **inchinn** (lat. **cerebrum**, **caput**), the **brain**.

- **inde**, **inne** (lat. **intestinum**), an **intestine**; as to the names of the sections of the intestines, see **coilica**.

- **indivia**, see **endivia**.

- **ing**, see **eang**.

- **ingcuba**, see **rudus**.

- **ingen** (lat. **unguis**), a **nail (of the finger or toe)**; **ingne gairleoige**, lat. **dens alii**, a **clove of garlic**; see also, **bruisingni**.

- **ingoire**: I have read "angoire" in Chapter 236 as ‘**an ingoire**’, and taken it to mean that the worms constitute parasites (lit. are undutifull).

- **inmedon**, **the interior**.

- **inmedonach** (lat. **intrinsecus**), **internal**.

- innarbaidh (lat. **corrodere**, **proiicere**, **eiicere**, **tollere**, **pellere**, **expellere**, **repellere**, **purgare**, **educere**, **abstergere**), **drives out**.

- **inndi**, see **mirbulani**.

- **innfuar**, **innfuaraidh**, **innfuarthach** (lat. **infrigidare**, **refrigerare**), **cool**, **cools**, **cooling**.

- **Innia** (lat. **India**), **India**.

- **innlaid** (lat. **fomentatio**), **washes**.

- **innrum** (lat. **egestio**), **defecation**.



---

p.773


- **intaigid** (lat. **convertitur**), **converts**, **is converted**.

- **intribulata**, **antribulata**, (for **interpolata**), **intermittent (of fever)** .

- **iovis barba**, see **teineagal**.

- **ipericon**, see **bitnua**.

- **ipofilia**, see **bilar Muire**.

- **ipoquisdidos**, **iposditos**, see **lus na meacan**.

- **ircus** (lat. **hircus**), a name for the smell of the armpit ([lt ]Latin, **hircus**, a **he-goat**).

- **irios** (lat. **yreos**), **Iris germanica** var. **florentina**; see **gloiriam**.

- **iris**, see **gloiriam**.

- **isgad** (lat. **coxa**), the **popliteal hollow**, i.e. the **hollow at the back of the knee**; **bel na n-isgad**.

- **isoip** (syn. **isopus**; lat. **ysopum**), the **cultivated hyssop**, **Hyssopus officinalis** CTW. Chapter 155.

- **isopus**, see **isoip**.

- **ita** (syn. **sitis**; lat. **sitis**), **thirst**. Chapter 260.

- **iubar craigi** (syn. **[fructus] iuniperi**; lat. **iuniperus**), **juniper**, **Juniperus communis** Webb. Chapter 139.

- **iubar sleibhe** (syn. **ambrosiana**, **eupatorium**, **lilifagus**, **saidsi coilleadh**, **eufatoirium**; lat. **eupatorium**, **salvia agrestis**), **wood sage**, **Teucrium scorodonia** Webb. Chapter 27.

- **Iul**, the month of **July**.

- **iuniperus**, see **iubar craigi**.



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p.774


- **Labriola**, see **lauriola**.

- **lacc**, see **bainne**.

- **lactach**, **lagsaidithi** (lat. **laxans**, **relaxans**, **purgans**, **molliens**), **laxative**.

- **lactuca**, see **leiteas**.

- **ladh** (syn. **ferrarium**), the **deposit left in water by hot iron**. Chapter 125.

- **laedhan** (lat. **interior substantia**), **pith**.

- **laegh** (lat. **vitulus**), a **calf**.

- **lagaidh** (lat. **purgare**, **relaxare**, **movere**, **mollire**, **dissolvere**, **solvere**, **laxare**), **moves (the bowels)**.

- **lagsaidithi**, see **lactach**.

- **laibin** (syn. **fenementum**; lat. **fermentum**), **leaven**, **yeast**. Chapter 133. Per Stannard (1973) n. 60, this is **brewer's yeast**, **Saccharomyces cerevisiae**.[176](javascript:footNote('G600005/note176.html'))

- **laibriola**, see **auriola**l.

- **Laidianta**, **in Latin**.

- **Laidin**, **Latin**.

- **laigh**, **pith**.

- **laigdhe** (**tri uig laigdhe**, lat. **cum ovo sorbili**), apparently, a **liquid egg, raw egg**.

- **laighdighid** (lat. ‘inaniendo spiritus, delet appetitum, ad mamillas gracilandas’), **to reduce**.

- **laimh** (lat. **manus**), a **hand**.

- **lair**, a **mare**.

- **laitirt** (lat. **crapula**), **drunkenness**, a **hang-over**.

- **langanach** (lat. **ventosa indigestio**), the **condition that causes eructation**.



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p.775


- **lansiolata**, see **slanlus**.

- **lapa**, see **meacan tua**.

- **lapasium**, see **copog**.

- **lapis agapidis** (lat. **lapis agapis**, **lapis iudaicus**), **agate**; this is a precious stone, a kind of quartz with colours in stripes, clouds, etc., named from the river Achates in Sicily, where it was first found. Chapter 171.

- **lapis lasuili** (lat. **lapis lazuli**), **lapis lazuli**; a semi-precious stone, **sodium aluminium silicate**, containing sulphur, and frequently including golden grains of pyrites (‘fool's gold’); of a bright blue colour; believed to be named (as also is ‘azure’) from **Lajwurd**, where the stone is found. Chapter 164.

- **lapis magnetis** (lat. **lapis magnetes**), **magnetite**; this is **magnetic iron oxide, Fe3O4**, nicely said to be of a ‘sad blue colour’. Chapter 165.

- **lathfan** (lat. **rana**), a **frog**. See David Greene, Celtica ii (1952) 148.

- **laudanum** (lat. **laudanum**), a resinous secretion of a bush, **Cistus creticus**, and **Cistus ladanifer**. Chapter 162.
  


"The name **laudanum** was applied by **Paracelsus** in the 16th century to one of his compound medicines, whence is derived its present use for alcoholic tincture of opium. In classical antiquity the term ladanum (Greek λδανον) was used to describe a resin from a shrub obtained from the hair of goats feeding



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p.776




on or near it, as **Pliny** states in two places in his Natural History (XII, 37; XXVI, 30), and the herbalist **Rufinus** (who now spelled the word 'laudanum') mentions more briefly in the late 13th century. But **Michael Scot** seems the first to represent it as an aerial product.
  

[**Michael Scot** made the region of laudanum one of the seven regions of the air. He says: ]
  

*The sixth region is of laudanum, noting that laudanum is a humour of the air in the Orient and is sometimes collected in parts of Greece. To be efficacious, it should fall with the dew in flowers and herbs. It is denser than **manna** and brown or black in colour. It should be understood that goats feeding in pasture collect it on their beards which touch the dew on flowers and herbs. When the third day has passed, the goatherds comb these beards and gather it gradually until they have enough. In Europe it is not had in good condition. Like honey, it is good for head colds and catarrh. The reason is that it is hot and dry in the first and second degree.’’Thorndike (1965) 63-4.*
  

**Michael Scot** died about 1235 AD.

- **lauriola**, **labriola** (lat. **laureola**), **spurge laurel**, **Daphne laureola** CTW. Chapter 167. In the Middle Ages, this



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p.777




was included with the **spurges** — see **gerr an eighmhe**; in Chapter 42, **laibriola** is used in error to render **laurus**, which is the **bay laurel**, **Laurus nobilis**, a plant which does not occur naturally in Ireland or in Britain, and which may not have been known here in the 15th century. Some confusion was caused in the past by reason of the fact that Daphne was the Greek name for the bay laurel, and the myth was that she was a nymph who ran away from Apollo, and, just as he caught up with her, she appealed to Mother Earth for help. The help took the form of turning her into a shrub, the bay laurel. See also **conconidum**.

- **leabaidh** (lat. **lectus**), a **bed**.

- **leadhaid**, **leaghaid** (lat. **resolvere**), **melts**.

- **leadartha** (lat. **pestiferus**), **wounding**, **injurious**.

- **leamhach** (syn. **altea**, **malbua**, **bismalva**), **marshmallow**, **Althaea officinalis** Webb. Chapter 21.

- **leamhach maighe**, **mallow**, **Malva sylvestris** Webb and **Malva neglecta** Webb; the epithet may be the genitive of ‘magh’, to distinguish the plant as growing in dry land, whereas the **marshmallow** (see **leamhach**) grows in wet land. The roots of all three species were used as demulcents.

- **leamhnacht** (lat. **lac**), **new milk**.

- **leanamh** (lat. **infans**, **puer**), a **small child**.

- **leathar** (lat. **corium**), **hide**, **skin**, **leather;** fuil, salchar, imurcacha, ‘idir feoil & leathar’, ‘under the skin’.

- **leath-omh** (lat. **viridis**), **lightly boiled (of cabbage)**.



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p.778


- **leath-shroin**, **nostril**.

- **leiges** (lat. **medicina**, **medicamen**), the **practice of medicine**; a **remedy**.

- **leigesaid** (lat. **sanare**, **amputare**), **cures**.

- **leimnid** (lat. **motus**), **jumping**.

- **leiteas** (written leigeas in the MS) (syn. **lactuca**, **lacdaca**; lat. **lactuca**), **garden lettuce**, **Lactuca sativa** CTW. Chapter 161.

- **leithi**, **grey hair**.

- **lenticula acatica**, see **ros lachan**.

- **leaon** (read **leomhan**) (lat. **tinea**), a **moth**.

- **leomhan** (lat. **leo**), a **lion**.

- **leonad**, an **injury**.

- **leporina**, see **tulcan**.

- **lepus**, see **mil muidhe**.

- **les** (lat. **vesica**), **bladder**, apparently the **urinary bladder**.

- **leucafleadhmainnsia** (lat. **leucoflegmantia**), **leucophlegmacy**. In Livre des simples medicines, Opsomer ii (1984) p. 53, it is stated that leucophlegmacy is the simultaneous presence of fever and dropsy, part of the body being afflicted with a disease of hot cause and another part with a disease of cold cause. 
However, see the quotation from Lile s.v. **idroipis**, and the additional statement, Lile Eg 166v ( LM Pt. 6, Ch. 5, Clarificatio, 13): ‘Da ceangailtear an fuaraideacht le fliuchaideacht is mar sin beas



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p.779




leucafleadhmainncia and & da ceangailtear hi re teasaideacht bidh iposarca and in tan sin no anasarca, gidheadh is fearr in cet red oir is mar en gne breathnaightear iposarca & anasarca & leucafleadhmainncia.’

- **leuisticus**, see **lubhaiste**.

- **liagh**, a **spoon**. See **unsa**.

- **liathan locadh** (syn. **sauina**, **bracteos**; lat. **savina**, **sabina**, **bratheos**), **savin**, **Juniperus sabina**. Chapter 262. It grows wild in the mountains of Southern Europe, and was cultivated here. It contains a volatile oil which is a powerful irritant both internally and externally, and was always well-known to cause abortion (see Chapter 262). The second element in the name may be from ‘loccaid’, ‘rejects’.

- **liathlus bec** (syn. **auricula muris**; lat. **auricula muris**), **mouse-ear hawkweed**, **Hieracium pilosella** Webb. Chapter 48.

- **liatneanntog**; this may be the **annual nettle**, **Urtica urens** Webb.



---

p.780


- **liatroid**, **ball**; the reference in Chapter 66 is to the flower-head of the thistle.

- **licc** (lat. **testa**), a **flag**, **stone flag**.

- **licidum**, see **ailim**.

- **licoiris** (syn. **licrisi**; lat. **liquiricia**), **liquorice**, the dried unpeeled roots and stolons of **Glycyrrhiza glabra**. Chapter 176. It is widely cultivated, and its cultivation in England has been traced back as far as the 16th century.

- **licrisi**, see **licoiris**.

- **lictabaire** (lat. **electuarium**), an electuary. This is a confection made by mixing a substance with honey and syrup, sometimes for medical purposes, but also in order to make sweets and confectionary for pleasure.

- **lienteria** (lat. **lienteria**), a **form of diarrhoea**: Lile Eg 143r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 13): ‘Is eadh is lienteria and flux brond ina n-innarbtar na neithi ibhtear & itear isna cainndidheachtaibh & isna cailideachtaibh ar cuiridh isin corp iat, ar son anbfhainne brighi fostaighthi an gaile & na n-inneadh uachtarach & ar son creachtnughadh na mball cetna.’

- **lignum aloeis**, the wood of **agallochum**, **Aquilaria agallocha**, an Indian tree, the resin of which is also used. The wood is burnt as incense.

- **lilidh** (syn. **lilium**; lat. **lilium**), the **Madonna lily**,



---

p.781


**Lilium candidum**, an Asiatic species that was cultivated; also, varieties of **Lilium bulbiferum**. It seems likely that the term also includes lily of the valley, **Convallaria majalis** CTW: Best and Brightman (1973) p. 11. Chapter 173.

- **lilifagus**, see **iubar sleibhe**.

- **lilium**, see **lilidh**.

- 1. **lin**, the **cultivated flax**, **Linum usitatissimum** CTW, and also the linen that was made from the pericyclic fibres of the stem of the plant. Use was also made of the dried ripe seeds of the plant (see **ros lin**), from which an oil was expressed.

- 2. **lin** (syn. **tela**; lat. **tela**), the **web (of a spider)**. Chapter 269.

- **linga auis**, see **teanga enain**.

- **linga bouina**, see **odrad**.

- **linga ceruina**, see **crim muice fiadha**.

- 1. **linn** (lat. **humor**), a **humour, or fluid**. The four humours were:
  

**fuil dearg** (lat. **sanguis**), the **sanguine humour**;
  

**linn finn** (lat. **flegma**), the **phlegmatic humour**;
  

**linn dubh** (lat. **melancholia**), the **melancholic humour**;
  

**linn ruagh** (lat. **colera**), the **choleric humour**.
  

While the four humours were in balance and in their appropriate condition, the individual continued in health, but change in the condition or balance of the



---

p.782




humours resulted in ill-health. It was bad for a humour to be in excess (**imurcach**, lat. **abundantia**, **superfluitas**), or not digested when it ought to be (**dileaghadh**, lat. **digestio**). A humour could become gross (**reamhur**, lat. **grossus**), thin (**séimh**, lat. **tenuis**), mucilaginous (**biadhamhail**, lat. **glutinosus**), viscous (**righin**, lat. **viscosus**), putrid (**morgaithe**, lat. **putridus**), corrupt (**truaillidhe**, which seemed to mean troublesome, in general), overheated (**ainteas**, lat. **caliditas**), burnt (**loisce**, lat. **adustus**), sour (**gér**, lat. **acumen**). It could be converted into vapour (**gaeth**, **ceo**, lat. **ventositas**). It could be unnatural (**mi-nadura**, lat. **innaturalis**). 
The phlegmatic humour, which was cold and white, could be salted (**saillte**, lat. **salsus**) or not (**milis**). A humour that was causing illness was ‘peccant’ (**cintach**, lat. **nocuus**) and had to be purged (**follmhughadh**, lat. **purgare**). The purging was done by the mouth (**suas**, lat. **superius**), by means of an emetic (**sceathrach**, lat. **vomitum**); or by the rectum (**sis**, lat. **inferius**), by means of a purge appropriate to the condition, or a laxative (**leiges lactach**, lat. **laxativa**), or by means of an enema (**clisteri**, lat. **clyster**). It could also be done by sweating (**allus**, lat. **sudor**), or bloodletting (**cuisle**, lat. **phlebotomia**). Other methods, not mentioned in this text, were cupping and the use of leeches.

- 2. **linn**, **ale**.



---

p.783


- **linnidha** (lat. **ulcus**, **humiditas**), **pus**. This is, presumably, the **sileadh** referred to in the passage quoted s.v. **feadan**.

- **lisium** (lat. **licium**), **lycium**. A dried juice collected from the cultivated **honeysuckle**, **Lonicera caprifolium** CTW. Chapter 172. The plant contains salicyclic acid, from which aspirin is derived. *Wölfel (1939), note 540, quotes from the Glossae in Antidotarium. of **Matthaeus Platearius**:

Licium ... fit autem sic: caprifolii primulas collectas in mense Septembris tere, per linteolum cola et succum eius in concha ad solem sicca; et illud erit licium. Eligendum est aliquantulum solidum et unius coloris cum frangitur.’’* This may be the ‘gumme of wobbynde’ referred to in the Liber de Diversis Medicinis (Ogden, 1969, 36/35). The **λκιον** of classical times is understood to have been obtained from a thorny tree (perhaps a species of **Berberis**) growing in **Lycia** in Asia Minor (S. W. Turkey).

- **litairgia** (lat. **litargia**), a form of mental illness. Lile Eg 59r ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 12): ‘Is eadh is litargia and neascoid bis sa rand iartarach don inchind fan cloicind ... O ainm a haicidi ainmnighthear hi, oir is uime aderur litargia on focal so letes & is inann sin obliuio .i. dermad & is mar sin, an meid ainmnighis litargia dermad, ni galar hi acht aicid galair ... Bith fiabras ciuin a coimhideacht litargia do shir & becan teinnis & dermad & buaighirt resuin, & mad o linn finn



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p.784




bes bith maille re moran menfaidhe ina tossach & re moran seillegair & re codlad domuin & bith a shuile & a bel duinti aige & da n-oscla iat dermuidid a ndunadh & dermuidid uair and a fual & a feradh d'fagbail & bith an feradh fliuch & in fual mar fual ainmhidheadh bruidemhail & bidh an puls & in anal bec cumang folaightheach ecudruma, gidheadh, da ngairtear do guth ard ina ainm fen e. Freagraidh & labraidh & da lictear do asa haithle, codlaidh a cetoir & ni codlad dileas sin acht stupor & tromdacht. Et madh adbur leanna duibh bes and, bith maille re feirg & re gluasacht & bit na suile oslaicthi & bith silleadh dichra aige, & madh neascoid comsuighighthi beas and & tighernas ac linn finn, bith an codlad co mor domuin maille re tochtanughadh & re leisce gluasachta, & madh e linn ruagh, medaightear an neamh-codlad & in gluasacht & in radhbuile, & madh cudruma iat bit na comarthai cudroma ... Da ti allus fuar don ceann foillsighidh bas & da cuirtear sanguissuga risan edan gan e do gabail greama de, is comartha bais. Et muna ba follus en comartha dibh so & co tinnscnaid na haicidi ceannsughadh & an brigh calmughadh, is comartha ternaighthi.’
  

Bernard's account may be compared with that of the Flemish Dominican, Thomas of Cantimpré, in his De Natura Rerum, which was written about 1250 (1973 i 18); it may be translated as follows:



---

p.785




‘Litargia is a phlegmatic abscess with fever, arising in the back of the brain, with forgetfulness of the mind. It is called litargia from Lethe (λθη), which is forgetfulness. The symptoms of it are: mental forgetfulness, shutting and inflammation of the eyes, and debilitating fever. When the patient is addressed, he scarcely responds; when awakened, he soon returns to sleep. The urine is white and thick, and inclined to dark blueishness. The cure is: let the patient be put in a very well-lit place, let his face be sprinkled frequently with cold water or wine, let him be aroused, and pulled by the hair, so that he feels pain. Let someone converse with him and play games with him. Meanwhile, make use of a vinegar syrup or a vinegar and sugar mixture, with hot water, and let him be purged with a decoction of a bracket fungus, polypodium, violets, turbit and kebulus myrobalan. Shave his head and anoint it with laurel oil. Make a plaster for his head of powder of mustard and a little Indian spurge, tempering these with the juice of rue. Cause him to sneeze by injecting powder of pepper in his nostrils. Make use of the foods normal for fever patients.’

- **litairgirum**, see **slaidteach**.

- **liti** (lat. **pultes**), **porridge**.

- **litontra** (syn. **diptamnus**, **pulegium martis**; lat. **diptamum**, **diptamnus**), dittany, **Dictamnus albus**. The plant is a native of central and southern Europe, growing in



---

p.786




mountains and on their slopes. **Fischer** (1929) p. 249 says that it was grown in gardens. The Irish name may be compared with the form of the name, **ditandre**, which **Hunt** (1989) p. 216 quotes from a glossary in a MS in Cambridge as a synonym for **pulegium martis**.

- **liusach**, **pike**, **Esox lucius**.

- **locha blene**, the **groin**.

- **local**, **brooklime**, **Veronica beccabunga** Webb. I submit that **lochall mothair**, if it be taken to be the ‘veronica of thickets/waste places’, would be better attributed to the **germander speedwell**, **Veronica chamaedrys** Webb.

- **loidhed**, **smallness**.

- **loighdighidh** (lat. **reprimere**), **reduce**.

- **(re) loighe**, **going to bed**.

- **loinigha** (lat. **sciasis**, **femorum dolor**), ‘**pangs of the hip**’, **sciatica**.

- **loinneardha**, **brilliant**.

- **loiscid** (lat. **urere**, and with various prefixes), **burns**; **loscad an fuail**, apparently **urethritis**, **inflammation of the lining of the urethra**; **loisceach** (lat. **uritiua**), **burning**: Chapter 286.

- **loscadh**, see **loiscid**.

- **luaighe** (lat. **plumbum**), **lead**. Chapter 229. See **blath in luaidhe**.

- **luaith** (lat. **cinis**), **ashes**. Chapter 72.

- **luaithreach**, **ashes**.

- **luas**, **speed**.



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p.787


- **lubaitsi** (syn. **leuisticus**; lat. **levisticus**, **ligusticum**), **lovage**, **Levisticum officinale** CTW, which was cultivated. Chapter 169.

- **luibh** (lat. **herba**), **herb**.

- **luibhri** (lat. **lepra**). There has always been confusion as to what people in the past meant by **leprosy**, and the Irish author is found including **carraighe** and **moirfia** under the heading, although, in the main, he has the same idea of the disease as **Bernard of Gordon**. Lile Eg 33v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 22): ‘Et fos is galar coitchinn hi *an lubhra* oir scailtear an cointinoideacht fa deiredh innte muna ba tusca in bas. Maseadh is maith adubhart isin tuarascbail curob eadh is lubhra and galar comcosmhail truaillis foirm & figur & comsuighiughadh na mball & scaileas an cointinoideacht fa deireadh, & tic o adhbhar melancolica arna scaileadh ar in corp co huilidhe, & tuictear fos curob eadh is lubhra and seachran ro-mor na brighi cosmhailighe isin bhfeoil ... Is iat so comurthadha do-meallta na heaslainte so .i. tuitim finnfaidh na malach & a remi & cruinniughadh na sul & lethnughadh na srona co foirimillach & a cumgughadh co hinmedonach, maille re docamhail na hanala & labairt mar do laibheoradh lena sroin & dath na haighchi ac dul a riabhcacht mairbh & silleadh aduathmhar na haidhche maille re fechain daingin & maille re caoile & re com-tarrang na n-abradh & na cluas; & ni dleaghmuid breathnughadh le hen comurtha,



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p.788




oir is minic is mealltach iat, acht dleaghmaid da comurtha no a tri no nisa mo do beith againn, gidheadh isiat so is demne dibh; & atait moran do comurtaibh eli and, mar atait, gorain & neithi imdha eli ac fas ar in corp & cnai na muscaileadh & co hairithi an muscaile bis idir an ordoig & corrmher, & bodhracht & bristi na mball foirimillach & salchur an croicinn & in tan nightear a fuil co maith bit coirp dubha talmhaighi garbha gainmheacha innte, & moran do comurthaibh eli cuirid na hughdair. Gidheadh, is lor limsa na comurthadha do gabur isin aghaidh mar foillseochar sa clarificacion & is iat sin na comurthai bis follus, & arna faicsin sin dleaghar an t-othar do dhealughadh risin popul. Et is iat so na comurthai folaigtheacha foillsigheas in lubhra do beith ina tossach .i. dath dearg arin aghaidh ac dul a nduibhe & tinnscaint claochlodh na hanala & cichanach eigin isin guth & ruaineach an fuilt ac tinnscaint caolaighthi & laighdithi & bith an t-allus & in anal ac dul a mbrentas & droch-bhesa cealgacha mar fher leanna duibh aigi & moran aislingthi adhuathmhara leanna duibh isin codladh & airgidh tromdacht mor ina corp an aimsir an codalta & bith scabies & gorain & moirfia ar fud an coirp co huilidhe a ndroing dibh & tinnscnait suighiughadh grana beith arin corp. Gidheadh, muna truaillighi an foirm & an fhighur ni hinbretnaighthi cum dealthuighthi re cach e acht co fuil bagar laidir



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p.789




aca denamh air. Is iat so na comurthai foillsigheas an guasacht & beith a ngar don crich .i. cnai in maothain bis idir pollaibh na srona & a tuitim & bristi na lamh & na cos & tuitim na mer & reme an beoil & feoil mesogach ar fut an coirp uile & disnia & docamhail na hanala & guth cichanach mar guth cuilein & silleadh aduathmhar na haighthi & dath dubh & puls folaigtheach bec.’
  


Bernard classifies the four forms of the disease as (**lepra**) **alopecia**, **leonina**, **tyria**, and **elephantia**. See **allapisia** and **elifansia**.

- **lumbrisi** (syn. **peisti fada an gaile**, **peistidh na n-inneadh**; lat. **lumbrici**), **worms (internal parasites)**.

- **lurga** (lat. **stipes**), **stalk**.

- **lus** (syn. **porrum**; lat. **porrum**, **porrus**), the **cultivated leek**, **Allium porrum** CTW. Chapter 226.

- **lus an galloglaigh**: this appears to be the **small scabious**, **Scabiosa columbaria** CTW, which is said by **Rufinus** (Thorndike, 1946, p. 290) and by **Fischer** (1929) to be called **herba militum** and **cavaleria**. In other copies of the text, in Chapter 66, **lus an galloglaigh** is equated with **mellissa** in error.

- **lus an sparain** (syn. **bursa pastoris**; lat. **bursa pastoris**, **sanguinaria**), **shepherd's purse**, **Capsella bursa-pastoris** Webb. Chapter 62. Also, **sraidin**, q. v.

- **lus cnis Conculainn**, **lady's bedstraw**, **Galium verum** Webb; The name as given by **Threlkeld** p. 67 is (standardised)



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p.790


**Bealadh cnis Chon gCulainn**, ‘Cuchulainn's skin lubricant’. His account of the use of the plant for washing after exertion explains the name.

- **lus creidhe** (syn. **burneta**), **burnet saxifrage**, **Pimpinella saxifraga** Webb, Chapter 65.

- **lus na cnam mbristi** (syn. **consolida madior**, **conccoire**; lat. **consolida maior**), **comfrey**, **Symphytum officinale** Webb. Chapter 89.

- **lus na fraechoc**, **frochan**, **Vaccinium myrtillus** Webb. The Hiberno-English ‘**frochan**’ is attested as such in the early 14th century: **Hunt** (1986–87) p. 112 [148] and p. 119.

- **lus na francc** (syn. **athanasia**, **tanasetum**; lat. **athanasia**), **tansy**, **Tanacetum vulgare** Webb. Chapter 43.

- **lus na laedh** (syn. **barba sina**; lat. **barba hyrcina**), **roseroot**, **Rhodiola rosea** Webb. Chapter 53. Read the name, perhaps, as **lus na laoighe**, ‘the herb of the snow’, the habitat being where there is an Arctic-type climate, high in mountains in more temperate areas.

- lus na leadan min (syn. **uirga pastoris, osaragi**; lat. **virga pastoris**), teasel, **Dipsacus fullonum** Webb. Chapter 277. As to **osaragi**, see Alphita, p. 15, n. 5.

- lus na meacan (syn. **ipoquisdidos**; lat. **ipoquistidos**), **hypocistis**, **Cytinus hypocistis** FE. Chapter 156. Parasitic on the roots of members of the Cistaceae, **Cistus** ("rock rose", "sun rose") being **rosa canina** in medieval Latin, Rufinus (Thorndike, 1946, pp. 155-6,



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p.791




273) has quite a lot to say about **hypocistis**, including some botanical details.

- **lus na sum talman** (syn. **fragaria**; lat. **fragia**/**fragula**), **wild strawberry**, **Fragaria vesca** Webb. Chapter 128.

- **Macall** (syn. **auansia**, **gariofilata**; lat. **gariofilata**), **avens**, **Geum species**. Chapter 45. The text recognises two species:
  

**macall coille**, **wood avens**, **Geum urbanum** Webb;
  

**macall uisce**, **water avens**, **Geum rivale** Webb.

- **maccula**, see **eachseamuir**.

- **maclac** (lat. **matrix**, **vulva**, **hystera**), the **womb and female genitalia**; **bel an macluig**, lat. **vulva**, **orificium matricis**.

- **mac tire**, a **wolf**.

- **madhneiti**, see **maighneis**.

- **madra** (syn. **rubia maior**, **uarencia**; lat. **rubea**), the **cultivated madder**, **Rubia tinctorum** CTW. Chapter 235.

- **madra gaithi**, a **mad dog**.



---

p.792


- **maelan muilithi** (syn. **feniculus porsinas**, **feinel na muc**, **amurisga**; lat. **amarissa**), **stinking mayweed**, **Anthemis cotula**. Chapter 132.
  

Webb, p. 93, says **A. cotula**, ‘a weed of cultivated ground ... was formerly widespread but is now almost or quite extinct’. Chapter 132 is based on a Latin text of which 
**Rufinus**' version (Thorndike, 1946, p. 99) is given in Part III hereof, showing that the plant referred to in Chapter 132 is **Anthemis cotula**, for which **cotula fetida** was the usual medieval name. Furthermore, in the manuscript glossary printed by **Stokes** (1898) 335, C 69/70, ‘maelan m.’ is given as a gloss on ‘colica fetitia (read **cotula fetita**’. The syn. **amurisga**, lat. **amarissa**, was another name for the same plant. **Feniculus porcinus** normally referred to a species of **Peucedanum**, but there may be confusion here with **doggis fenkel** (explaining **amarusca** in the English Agnus Castus, Brodin, 1950, p. 129) and **Finell ... madra** (for **Anthemis cotula**, **Threlkeld**, p. 43, and **K'Eogh**). The Agnus Castus says there are two species of **amarusca**, and the editor identifies the white-flowered one as ‘**Anthemis cotula** (or **A. arvensis**?)’, and the yellow-flowered one as **A. tinctoria**.
  

That **maelan muilchi** was, like **Anthemis cotula**, a weed of cultivated land is shown by the two legal texts



---

p.793




which define as defects in land (‘galar bunadh don ferann’) **maelan muilche** and **ithloingus** (Binchy, 1978, p. 740. 17) and **dithan**, **maelan muilche** and **ithluingus** (ib. p. 1000.34).
  

I understand that **dithan** (which may be a Gaelicisation of **zizania**) is considered to be **darnel** (as to which, see below). **Ithloingus** has the literal meaning ‘that which drives out the grain crop’ (cf. ‘loinges .i. indarba’, O'Davoren; this is DIL's ‘indarbad’), and it may be the black rust of wheat, caused by the fungus **Puccinia graminis**. This fungus exists in a great number of physiological strains, some of which parasitise rye, barley, and some grasses but not wheat, others which attack wheat, and others again oats. It will persist in land near which the **barberry**, **Berberis vulgaris** Webb (a host to the fungus), occurs, and people who were not aware of the part the barberry plays in the life cycle of the fungus must have regarded the rust as a defect in the land itself.
  

It appears possible that in the early period **maelan muilche** was the name of a grass or grain. This arises, in the main, because of an Irish gloss on certain commentaries on the writings of **Vergil**. In Eclogue 5 of the Bucolica, Vergil tells how Nature is mourning the death of Daphnis. The animals are not eating, and nasty weeds are growing in place of the crops and the beautiful flowers:



---

p.794



> 
> 	
> 		1. postquam te fata tulerunt,
> 		  
> 		Ipsa Pales agros, atque ipse reliquit Apollo.
> 		  
> 		Grandia saepe quibus mandavimus hordea sulcis,
> 		  
> 		Infelix lolium, et steriles nascuntur avenae.
> 		  
> 		Pro molli viola, pro purpureo narcisso,
> 		  
> 		Carduus et spinis surgit paliurus acutis.


**Lolium** is **darnel** (a wild grass), **Lolium temulentum** CTW. Coleman (1986) p. 163 says ‘**auenae** are here ‘wild oats’, strictly the **auena agrestis** which was believed to be a degenerate form of oats or barley (Plin. Nat. 18. 149). ‘infelix lolium et steriles ... auenae ’ are listed among crop-weeds in G. 1. 154. ’
  

The line in the Georgics to which he refers is:

> 
> 	
> 		1. interque nitentia culta
> 		  
> 		Infelix lolium et steriles dominantur avenae.


It must be said, however, that **Fischer** gives **avena agrestis** as one of the medieval names for **Alectorophus species** (e.g. the **yellow rattle**, **Rhinanthus minor** Webb).
  

Iunius Philargyrius, who may have lived in the 5th century, wrote ‘explanations’ as a commentary on **Vergil**'s verse. An Irishman of the late seventh century, who Thurneysen (1946) p. 9 says may have been Adomnán, abbot of Iona, who died in 704, entered a number of glosses in Irish on a copy of the ‘explanations’. The ‘explanations’ survived only in copies that were derived from the Irish-glossed copy.



---

p.795




In the course of time, two different versions of them developed, and of the three manuscripts (of the ninth and tenth centuries, made by scribes who did not know Irish) in which the text survives, each contains a copy of both versions. The resulting six versions of the gloss which interests us here may be summarised as follows:
  

‘auenae .i. mailan muilchi/molchi vel cuinfec/cuintbecha .i. genus zizaniae.’
  

(Hagen, 1902, p. 97; Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus vol. 2, xvii, 46, 48, 361, 363). The point I would like to emphasise about this gloss is genus zizaniae, which seems to imply that **zizania** was understood as the name of a class of plants and not as that of a particular species.
  

It is necessary to acknowledge at this point that **zizania** was equated with **lolium** by a number of authors.
  

**Ysaac** (1515, p. cviii, r) says (in the Latin translation made by **Constantine the African** c. 1080):
  


‘De zizania.
  

Zizania nascitur inter triticum siccis corruptisque temporibus; unde vim habet acutam & venenosam; aliquando mentem turbans & inebriat.’
  

In his commentary on this, **Petrus Hispanus** says (ibidem, p. cviii, v):
  

‘Superius determinauit auctor de tritico vero; hic de non vero; ut de zizania vel lolio quod idem



---

p.796




est ...’
  

Rufinus (Thorndike, 1946, p. 175) gives **Ysaac**'s text above with some different readings. He reads:
  

‘Lolium alio nomine zizania. YSAAC: Nascitur inter triticum ... Item zizania calida et sicca in quarto gradu. Item est lolium silvestre quod oritur ubique et quasi nichil habet in grano.’
  

The following remarks by **Ysaac** (1515, fo. ciiii, v) must also be taken into account (there is an Irish version in NLIre MS G11, p. 92a ff.):
  

(‘De diversitate tritici secundum naturam terre) Macra [terra] vero naturaliter & incensa pene nunquam deinceps fructum ferens erit; si quos tunc ferat, siccissimi erunt & macerrimi & a frumenti natura degeneres; medulle nihil habebunt, & zizania dicuntur, egressi de natura cibarii & in naturam venenosam ingressi, unde & corporibus humanis nocuissimi fiunt.’
  

In the Livre des simples medecines (Opsomer ed.) there are separate chapters on **lolium** and **zizania**, and good illustrations of both. In each case the illustration quite clearly represents **Lolium temulentum**, and Stearn so identifies them. The fact that there are two separate chapters suggests that the author of the Livre may have been muddled about the question.
  

Despite the evidence of these authorities (which may turn out to be less persuasive than they seem when the



---

p.797




Latin version of **Ysaac** is compared with the original Arabic), there are good grounds for the view that the equation of **zizania** with **lolium** was a late developement.
  

In St. Matthew's Gospel, ch. 13, 25, the story begins of the man whose enemy sowed cockle among the wheat. In the Greek text, the word is **ζιζνια**; in the Vulgate, **zizania**;, Anglo-Saxon, **coccel**; Luther, **Unkraut**; Authorised Version, **tares**; Douai, **cockle**; Bedel (1830 edition), **cogal**. St. Jerome, in taking over the Greek word, showed that he understood that it meant ‘weeds’, but that he did not know what species exactly. If the Greek author had a specific well-known plant in mind, there would have been a Latin name for it, which St. Jerome would have used if he had understood the Greek word precisely. If **ζιζνια**had been understood by Jerome to be **darnel**, he would surely have written **lolium**. He was, however, content to leave it at that, because the context shows sufficiently for the purposes of the parable that some unwanted weed was in mind.
  

**Darnel** was a weed that was widely known. In Italy, **Vergil** refers to it as **lolium**, and **Pliny**, in the first century A.D. calls it **herba alba**. In the Greek-speaking part of the Empire, **Dioscorides**, in the first century A.D., calls it **αρα**. Theophrastus (370-285 B.C.), who also called it **αρα**, believed it to be a degenerate form into which certain plants were



---

p.798




converted. None of these authors used the term **zizania**, which appears to have been borrowed from an Eastern language, perhaps from the dialect of Aramaic that was spoken in Palestine at the time. If that is the case, St. Matthew was the only source Western Europeans had for the term **zizania**, and whoever first equated it specifically with darnel, as distinct from regarding it as including **darnel**, may have been jumping to conclusions. It may have been the influence of Isidore of Seville, who, as quoted by de Vries-Edel (1982), entered ‘Zizania, quam poetae semper infelix lolium dicunt, quod sit inutile et infecundum’, that led to the later equation of **zizania** with **lolium**, by some people, at least.
  

As regards Coleman's note on **steriles avenae**, quoted above, the term ‘**wild oats**’ is applied nowadays to **Avena fatua** and **Avena ludoviciana**, neither of which produces useful grain. In view, however, of the medieval usage of **avena agrestis**, mentioned above, for a plant that is not a grain at all, it is not unreasonable to conclude that the Irish glossator of Philargyrius understood the term **steriles avenae** to mean whatever useless plants grow amongst the corn or in place of it. It is not necessary to assume that he understood the term to be restricted to grasses or grains. Likewise, in describing a certain plant or plants as ‘**genus zizaniae**’, he must have understood



---

p.799


**zizania** to be a general term for weeds of the cornfield.
  

As regards the gloss ‘cuinfec/cuintbecha’, if we assume syncope of the vowel of the second syllable, this is likely to be ‘coinfhiadbhach’. The DIL's 2 fíad (and 3 fíad) is a wild thing or place. The compound, ‘coinfhíad’, explained as ‘cú’ + 2 ‘fíad’, means ‘fox’, and it is used metaphorically, in ‘coinfhiadh curata’, of a warrior. I suggest that ‘coinfhiadbhach’ means ‘foxy thing’, and that it is the Irish name for **Equisetum arvense** Webb, which is called ‘**horsetail**’ in English, and which could also be compared to a fox's brush. It seems to occur in a corrupted form as **cearrbacac** as a gloss on **cauda capallina** in the glossary printed as ‘C’ by **Stokes** (1898). **Equisetum arvense** is common, and it is sometimes a serious weed of cultivated land. The name appears to become **fidbach** in Aislinge Meic Con Glinne (see below), by a different line of descent from **coinfiadbhach** than **cuintbecha**, and then to become **feadóg** in modern Irish. It is a weed, but it is not a grass or grain.
  

As regards **feadóg** as the modern Irish for **horsetail**, Hart (1898) in his Appendix gives ‘**feadoge**’ as the popular name, collected in the Killybegs area, for **Equisetum limosum** (=**Equisetum fluviatile** Webb), and he adds that ‘whistles or pipes are made out of these by boys. Hence the local name ‘pipes’. [‘Feadog’, a flute –



---

p.800


**fead**, **bulrush**, O'Reilly]’. The long stem, with its hollow cavity taking up four-fifths of the diameter of the stem, is very suitable for the purpose. In the Census Catalogue of the Flora of Ireland (1987) p. 2, **feadóg** is given for **Equisetum telmateia** Webb, and this species is also suitable for making whistles. **Equisetum arvense** is unique among horsetails in being a serious weed of cultivated land, because none of the other species of the genus infests cultivated land. The diameter of its stems is only 3–5mm, with a central hollow less than half the diameter of the stem, so the species is not suitable for making whistles. I can only suggest that when the significance of the old name, **fidbach**, for **Equisetum arvense** was forgotten, the name was highjacked in a new and newly significant form for the whistle-makers' species. Such a development would be analogous to what happened to **buachallán buidhe**. That name, originally *buatfal, later **buathfallán**, meant ‘cow-shriveller’ (Williams, 1989, p. 450), but it was translated as ‘yellow boy’ by the Irish-speakers of Donegal a hundred years ago (Hart, 1898, p. 368).
  

It is submitted that it is not valid to assume that, because **maelan muilche** glosses **steriles avenae**, said to be **genus zizaniae**, it must necessarily be a grass or grain in the modern sense. A hint in confirmation is the use of the plural, ‘bátir móeláin muilchi’, in



---

p.801


Tochmarc Emire (van Hamel, 1933, p. 37), which would not be usual in the case of a grass or grain.
  

There is, however, another text which seems to suggest that maelan simpliciter is a grass or grain. In Aislinge Meic Con Glinne (Jackson, 1990, p. 38), the eight grains are listed, ‘Na h-ocht n-orbaind: secul, seruán, maelán, ruadán, cruithnec[h]t, eórna, fidbach, corca.’ There is no problem about the rye, wheat, barley or oats. As regards **ruadán**, there is no reason to doubt the translation of this as **buck-wheat**, **Fagopyrum esculentum** CTW. That is not a grain, but belongs to the same family as the dock. It was, however, long cultivated as a ‘grain crop’, the fruit, a nut, dark dull brown in colour, being milled into flour when mature (the ‘buck’ is a corruption of an old word meaning ‘beech’, because of the similarity of the fruits). It was also used as a cattle feed. The stem and tubular stipules are red in colour, and the flowers have pinkish tops. O'Davoren's explanation of **ruadhan** is **mael-cruithnecht**, presumably using **cruithnecht** in a generic sense, as ‘wheat’ is used in ‘Buck-wheat’, and the idea may be that, as ‘wheat’, the ruadhán is not much good.
  

I have, I hope, shown above that it is likely that **fidbach** is a weed which is not remotely botanically related to the cereal grains.
  

As regards **seruán**, apart from the reference in



---

p.802


Aislinge MC, the suggestion that the word means ‘oats’ goes back to the glossary in TCD MS H. 3. 18, at page 637, printed by Binchy (1978) p. 1077, as ‘Serpan .i. cenel arbha, & ba doigh bid é in corcai.’ Bearing in mind that ‘mairg a dhéanfadh dóigh dá bharúil’, and that it is unlikely in the Aislinge MC context that **seruán** is synonymous with corcai, we will take up the statement ‘cenel arbha’, and pass up the speculation "corca". We can read this gloss, then, as including **seruán** in a class called **arbar** which, as we have seen, is not necessarily confined to grasses or grains in the modern sense, and may well be a weed of some other plant family.
  

I submit that **serban** is **sow-thistle**, **Sonchus species**. **Sonchus arvensis** Webb is the species of this genus that occurs most in cornfields. The feature of the three common species of this genus that was most noticed was the bitter latex or milky juice, like that in dandelion, which the plants produce in abundance. **Serban muc** (see s.v.) is **Sonchus oleraceus** Webb, which grows in cultivated ground and waste places. **Caiserban** is the close relative, the **dandelion**, **Taraxacum** (Webb prefers not to distinguish species), which is called **cas-serban**, perhaps in reference to the curly-haired appearance of the plant when the seeds are mature, and they form, with their crowns of hairy pappus, a light-weight ball which is dispersed by the wind.
  



---

p.803




As regards **maelan** in the Aislinge MC context, it seems clear that it need not necessarily be a grass or grain.
  

W. K. Sullivan, in his introduction to O'Curry (1873), at p. ccclxiii, suggests that **maelan** may be **Orobus niger** (=**Lathyrus niger** CTW), a **vetch**. He also says that, in Scotland, **maelan milce** is **Orobus tuberosus** (=**Lathyrus montanus** Webb). However, the habitats of those two plants do not appear to include cornfields.
  

All the indications are that **maelan muilche** is, and always was, **Anthemis cotula**.



---

p.804




---

p.805




---

p.806


- **maeth**, **soft**.

- **maethaidid**, **softens**.

- **maethan**, a **soft substance**; the term is applied *to*:
  

1. the flanks (of a person).
  

2. in reference to **cnaim craige an fiada**, its being initially a soft substance.
  

3. the soft tips of a plant with a woody stem, e.g. **maetain na fineamhna** (syn. **turio uitis**). Chapter 273. Modern botanists have adapted ‘turion’ to mean a young shoot rising from the ground from a subterranean bud, but traditionally **turio** meant a **shoot, sprout, tendril or young branch of a woody plant**.

- **maetan conaire**, **wild raspberry**, **Rubus idaeus** Webb.

- **magarlin**, another name for **tulcan** (**orchid**), q. v.

- **Mai** (lat. **estas**), the **month of May**.

- **maighistir**, **master**; applied:
  

1. an academic authority.
  

2. a mordant, i.e. a substance used to fix a dye to fabric.

- **maighneis** (lat. **lapis magnetis**), **magnet**. See **lapis magnetis**.

- **maili** (lat. **alopicia**), **baldness**. See **allapisia**.

- **mailin** (lat. **sacellum**), a **little bag**.

- **mailis**, **malice**; the **bad effectiveness of the peccant humour**.



---

p.807


- **mairigh**, **survives**.

- **maisdix** (lat. **mastix**), **mastic**, an oleoresin containing little oil, obtained from an evergreen dioecious shrub, **Pistacia lentiscus** var. **chia**, cultivated in the island of Chios. Chapter 185.

- **mala granata**, see **uball graineach**.

- **mala masiana**, see **uball fiadain**.

- **malbua**, see **leamhadh**.

- **mandragora** (lat. **mandragora**), **mandrake**. It was regarded as male and female, and it is thought that the male was **Mandragora officinarum**, and the female **Mandragora autumnalis**. Chapter 199. Per Stannard (1961) p. 502, ‘mandragora’ in the Hippocratic writings is taken to be the deadly nightshade, **Atropa belladonna** Webb. They belong to the same family, the Solanaceae, and the roots are similar.

- **mania** (lat. **mania**, **insanis**), **madness**. Lile Eg 65r, v, 66r ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 19): ‘Is eadh is mania & is melencolia and truailliughadh na meanman gan fiabrus... Ata cuid do comurtaibh na heaslainte so uilidhe & cuid rannaidhe & cuid folaigtheach & cuid follus & cuid coimlinta. As iat so comurtai folaigtheacha na mainia do beith ac teacht .i. an tan inntamhluigheas no smuaineas neach neithe nach dleaghann do smuaineadh na d'inntamhlughadh no do breithnughadh & in tan tsaileas ni nach fuil maith do beith maith & an ni nach socruidh do beith socruidh & in tan smuaineas neithe egcneasta mi-resunta do teacmug & bretnaigheas co holc iat an aimsir an



---

p.808




codulta no an neamh-codalta & bid aislingthi aduathmara aice maille ris sin mar ata deamuin no manaigh dubha d'faicsin no daine crochuighthi no marbha & a cosmaile & do ni gaire uair and & uair eli cai & bith egla air roim neithibh nach in-eglaithi & do-ni gaire fa neithibh nach in-gaire. Et is iat so a comurthai follusa .i. an tan labrus le na bel an ni smuaineas le na croidhi & bis ac comrad ris fen & bis aimhgliceas leanbaidhe ar tus aigi & labrus briatra diuidi ac nach bi ceann na erboll & ni leanann na briatra tinnscnas & ni tabuir resun inntu & is iat so comurthai coimlinta na heaslainte so .i. an tan lenus don ni oibrighthi an ni truaillighthi do smuain & do labur & tshiblaigheas co seachranach suas & sis a cosmaileas cutibuc da ndenann Avicenna imradh & is eadh is cutibuc and cinel damhain allaidh bis ac sibal ar uisceadhaibh na tobur aca mbid cosa fada & an tan tinscnas dul do leth de, sul crichnaigheas an cet gluasacht tinnscnaid gluasacht eli & is mar sin don .2. gluasacht & do gach gluasacht eli da ndenann & is gobur uisce gairtear a coitchinne don n-ainmidhidhe sin & is uime sin an tan do-chid cach nech ac denum no ac radh neitheadh ndiuid lenbuidhe aderit caper aque .i. gabur uisce ris. Maseadh an tan bis an decipienda so coimlinta bith gluasacht na cos & na lamh & na tengan & na sul seachranach gan beith ac leanmain den tshlighi na den ord. As iat so comurthai foirlethna na heaslainte so oir is do disleacht lucht



---

p.809




na heaslainte so fuath na beathadh daena do beith acu & comthanas na ndaineadh do seachna & beith maille re tuirsi cointinoideach.’

- **manna** (lat. **manna**), **manna**, a sugary exudation from the **manna ash**, **Fraxinus ornus**, collected in Sicily, and from some other woody plants, such as **Tamarix mannifera**. Chapter 181. The manna of the Bible was something quite different.

- **marbaid**, **kills** (lat. **occidere**, **necare**); figuratively of mercury, ‘marbtar dasacht an airgid beo’ (lat. **extinguitur**).

- **marbdroighin** (syn. **agrimonia**, **argimonia**; lat. **agrimonia**), **agrimony**, **Agrimonia eupatoria** Webb. Chapter 13. The form of the name which occurs in the marginal note in the Leabhar Breac, p. 101, printed by **Stokes** (1888) p. 237, n. 170, is **murdraigen**.

- marbtach (lat. **mortiferus**, **venenosus**, **letiferus**), **death-dealing**.

- **margarite**, see **nemann**.

- **marsiatan**, a compound medicine, see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **marubium**, see **orofunt**.

- **mas** (lat. **macis**), **mace**. Chapter 179. Between the seed-coat of the nutmeg, which is the kernel of the seed of **Myristica fragrans** (see **nutamicc**), and the outer wall of the fruit, an additional net-like investment, known as an aril, grows up after fertilisation. This aril, when



---

p.810




dried, is the **mace**of commerce.

- **mascalta** (lat. **masculinus**), **masculine**.

- **masedonica**, see **elistront**.

- **mater herbarum**, see **buatfallan liath**.

- **mathgamain** (lat. **ursus**), a **bear**.

- **meacan**, a **substantial root (usually a tap-root) or rhizome**.

- **meacan righ** (syn. **accride**, **bancia**, **pastinaca**; lat. **baucia**), **parsnip**, **Pastinaca sativa** Webb. Chapter 10. In the wild it is referred to as ‘**wild parsnip**’, to distinguish it from the developed varieties of the same species that are cultivated.

- **meacan tua** (syn. **bardana**, **lapa**; lat. **bardana**), **great burdock**, **Arctium lappa** Webb. Chapter 56.

- **meadg**, **whey**.

- **meadon** (lat. **medium**), **middle**.

- **meadonach** (lat. **mediocris**), **medium**.

- **meall**, a **roundish mass**. Used of:
  

1. the tubers on the roots of **Arum maculatum** (lat. **tuberositas**) – Chapter 1.
  

2. the **seed capsule of the poppy** (lat. **capitella**) – Chapter 75.
  

3. in describing **polypus** – Chapter 109.
  

4. in defining an **oak gall** – Chapter 237.

- **meal rosasiam** (lat. **mel rosaceum**), **rose honey**. Circa Instans tells how it is made: ‘Mel autem rosaceum sic fit: mel dispumatum bene coletur; postea addantur folia



---

p.811




rosarum viridium, abiectis stipitibus, & haec simul buliant ad ignem aliquantulum. Signum decoctionis est multa aromaticitas & aliquantula inspissatio & color rufus.’

- **meanadach**. This term normally means gruel, but the three occurrences of it in the present text seem to indicate something else. In Chapter 49, ‘pudur... da meanadaib an oir’ renders **pulvis cathimie** , in a context which suggests an abrasive action. In Chapter 76 ‘a caitem a meanadaigh’ appears to render ‘veluti cadmia lotum’, but the relationship of the Irish text to the Latin in this passage is extremely loose. In Chapter 282, we have no direct clue as to the meaning of **meanadach**, but the context seems to rule out ordinary gruel. **Cathimia** is defined in Circa Instans (Chapter 49, Part III): ‘Aurum de vena terre fit per excoctionem & in decoctione quod superfluum ab auro separatur cathimia dicitur seu spuma auri’. It is, however, unlikely that **meanadach** must be taken to mean **cathimia**, because the term for **cathimia** is **slaithteach**, which is used extensively (including Chapter 49) in the present text. The DIL suggests that **meanadach** may be derived from ‘men’, and it may then, in some of the above contexts at least, be intended for filings. Possibly, the word in Chapter 49 is simply the dative plural of ‘men’.

- **meannan** (syn. **edus**), a **kid, or young goat**.

- **measardha** (lat. **temperatus**), **moderate**; **measaracht**,



---

p.812


**moderation**.

- **measoga daracha** (syn. **balanon**, **glans**; lat. **glandes**), **acorns, the fruit of the oak**. Chapter 50.

- **meas torc allaid** (syn. **agnus castus**; lat. **agnus castus**), **tutsan**, **Hypericum androsaemum** Webb. Chapter 14. Morton (1981) p. 96, speaking of the history of the herbal tradition, says ‘It thus came about that local plants were sporadically added to the classical herbals; sometimes a familiar plant was substituted for an unknown mediterranean herb under the old classical name, leading to increased confusion, but in other cases the vernacular name was put in to show a genuine addition... [note] An example is found in a Middle English herbal of the fourteenth century where under the heading **Agnus castus** (=**Vitex agnus-castus**, a mediterranean central Asian shrub) there is a detailed description of **Hypericum androsaemum** (**tutsan**), which together with its vernacular name ‘park leaves’ clearly identifies it.’

- **medaigid** (lat. **augmentare**, **excitare**, **stimulare**, **copiam generare**, **incitare**, **augere**), **increases**.

- **medulla**, see **smir**.

- **meid**, **size**.

- **meidideacht**, **quantity**.

- **meirse**. This term seems to be a borrowing from the English ‘**merce**’, which was used to render the Latin **apium**, Alphita, p. 5. In the present text, it occurs in



---

p.813




relation to four plants:
  

an **meirsi garrda** (syn. **apium domisdicum**; lat. **apium commune**), **celery**, **Apium graveolens** Webb;
  
 
‘gneithi imda ar in meirsi’:
  

**imas na lathfan** (syn. **aipium ranarum**; lat. **apium ranarum**), **celery-leaved crowfoot**, **Ranunculus sceleratus** Webb;
  

**imas an gairi** (syn. **aipium risus**; lat. **apium risus**), the **cultivated chervil**, **Anthriscus cerefolium** CTW; **apium risus** is sometimes interpreted as referring to **Ranunculus sceleratus**, but the quotations from Agnus Castus below, to the effect that the herb is ‘good in savour’, are against that opinion;
  

**aipium emaroidarum**, the **lesser celandine,** **Ranunculus ficaria** Webb. In the Livre des simples medicines (Opsomer, 1984) p. 63, it is stated (as is also stated in the Irish text) that the plant is used to treat haemorrhoids. I understand that it has been a remarkably successful remedy for piles in many cases. On p. 64 it is stated ‘The plant should be gathered when the moon is waxing and is in the first part of the sign of Taurus or Scorpio, then it cures.’ I understand that this indicates early December; that would be the time of year when the tubers would be fully stored with starch and not yet required to yield



---

p.814




up any of its store to feed the plant for the next season.
  

The English Agnus Castus (Brodin, 1950), which is contemporaneous with the present text and broadly in the same tradition, gives some details that help to identify the species referred to:
  

(p. 120) ‘Apium is an herbe that men clepe smalache. or Merche. this herbe ha[yogh]t lewys lyke to loueache but the lewys be no[yogh]t so stronge of sawour as the loueache, and this herbe beryth Seed lyke to perselye seed’
  

(p. 122) ‘Apium risus is an herbe that men clepe cerfoylle or chirefelle. this herbe hat[yogh] smale lewys lyke to the lewys of emeloke. and this herbe is good in sauour and it hat[yogh] a quyte flour and long seed lyke to otyn [oats].’
  

(p. 131) ‘Apium ranarum. is an herbe. that men clepe water cresse. this herbe ha[yogh]t a [yogh]elw[yogh] flour as ha[yogh]t crowys foot. and of the same schap. but it ha[yogh]t lewys mor departed than the lewys of crowysfo[yogh]t. and it ha[yogh]t a long stalke as longe as a cubyte. and this herbe growy[yogh]t in watteri placys. owt of the stalke comyn many smale braunches in the sydes.’
  

(p. 131) ‘Apium amoridarum is an herbe that men clepe crowesfot. this herbe ha[yogh]t lewys departed in too as it were a rammys foot and this herbe ha[yogh]t a long stalke and a [yogh]elw[yogh] flour. and summe clepe it ramfot.



---

p.815




and it growy[yogh]t in medewys. and in wattery grounde.’
  
 
As to **Ranunculus** in general, **fearban**.



---

p.816


- **meisce** (lat. **ebrietas**), **drunkenness**. The relative passage from Lile is printed by **O' Grady** in the Catalogue of Irish MSS in the British Museum, p. 215 ff.

- **mel**, see **mil**.

- **melangcolia** (lat. **melancolia**, **melancolica passio**), **melancholia**. For the account in Lile, see **mania**.

- **mellago** (syn. **pimentaria**; lat. **mellissa**), **balm**, **Melissa officinalis** Webb. Chapter 84 deals with **citragha**, and Chapter 188 deals with **mellago** .i. **pimentaria**. Both chapters are based on the chapter in Circa Instans on **mellissa**. The term **mellisa** occurs twice in the Irish text, but there is no separate chapter devoted to it. I take the view that all the terms, **citragha**, **mellago**, **pimentaria**, and **mellisa** are intended for the same plant, **Melissa officinalis**, which was widely cultivated. **Threlkeld**' s report (1988, p. 55) of the use of melissa as Irish for **hedge mustard**, **Sisymbrium officinale** Webb, is probably explained by Stearn's statement at Opsomer (1984) p. 254, in reference to the chapter on **sisimbrium**, that the plant in question there was ‘Mentha aquatica... ; Sisymbrium officinale... ; Nasturtium officinale... ; the name sisymbrium seems to have been mostly used for Mentha aquatica and sisymbrium alterum for Nasturtium officinale.’ **Sisymbrion** in **Dioscorides** and Theophrastus is



---

p.817




understood to have meant **Mentha aquatica**.

- **melli** (lat. **meu**), **spignel**, **Meum athamanticum** CTW. Chapter
203.

- **mellicratum**, a **drink made of wine and honey**. Chapter 189. See Alphita, p. 12, s.v. **Apomel**.

- **mellifolium**, see **athair talman**.

- **mellisa**, see **mellago**.

- **melones** (lat. **melo**), **melons**, **Cucumis melo**.

- **menta**, see **minntus**.

- **mentastrom**, see **cartlann**.

- **mer** (lat. **digitus**), a **finger**.

- **mercurial** (syn. **mercurialis**; lat. **linochites**, **mercurialis**), **good king Henry**, **Chenopodium bonus-henricus** Webb. Chapter 191. The English Agnus Castus (Brodin, 1950, p. 177) says: ‘Mercurialis. is an herbe men clepe Mercurie or papwourt[yogh] or the more smerewourt and it ha[yogh]t lewys lyk a tungge and it bery[yogh]t seed as betys [beet] doth.’

- **mercurialis**, see **mercurial**.

- **mesbili**, see **sceachoir**.

- **meth** (lat. **pinguis**), **fat (adjective)**.

- **methradh** (syn. **pingedo**; lat. **pinguedo**, **adeps**), **(animal) fat**. Chapter 227.

- **mi-cenel**: a **bad condition**.

- **mi-cuimhni**, **forgetfulness**.

- **midh**, **mead, made of fermented honey and water**.

- **midhaidhi** (syn. **morella**; lat. **solatrum**, **strignum**, **morella**,



---

p.818


**maurella**), **black nightshade**, **Solanum nigrum** Webb. Chapter 195. **Threlkeld**, p. 30, gives **Mihagh Uisge** and **Mig buih** for **bittersweet**, **Solanum dulcamara** Webb, the qualifications serving to distinguish **bittersweet** appropriately from **Solanum nigrum**.

- **mi-fuile**, **bad blood**.

- **mil** (syn. **mel**; lat. **mel**), **honey**. Chapter 186.

- **míl** (lat. **pediculus**), a **louse**.

- **milbocan** (syn. **daucus asininus**; lat. **daucus**), **carrot**, **Daucus carota** Webb. Chapter 103. The text says there are two sorts, the Irish version implying that **daucus asininus** (‘biadh dilis an asail’) is the norm, and that there is another sort, **daucus credicus** (lat. **daucus creticus**), grown only in Crete; this latter sort is identified by Stearn (Opsomer, 1984, chapter 145) as **Athamanta cretensis**.

- **míl goibrin**, the **flowers of the honeysuckle**, **Lonicera periclymenum** Webb. This term glosses **filaguo** in a glossary (**Stokes**, 1898, A69), but it is given, as
**milghabhar**, for **honeysuckle** by Hogan (1900), though without attribution, and Ó Dónaill, Foclóir, explains mill (1) as ‘pendant bud or flower’, and gives **milleanna gabhair** as **honeysuckle flowers**. Honeysuckle is associated with goats, e.g., ‘gotes leues’ in the Grete Herball (Rydén, 1984), **Geissblatt** in German, and **caprifolium** in medieval Latin.

- **milis** (lat. **dulcis**), **sweet**. The term is used to



---

p.819




distinguish fresh water from salt water.

- **millse**, **millseacht** (lat. **dulcedo**), **sweetness**.

- **millsean monadh** (syn. **pulicaria**; lat. **policaria**), **lousewort**, **Pedicularis species**. Chapter 221. In an *intriguing* marginal note from the Leabhar Breac, p. 101, printed by **Stokes** (1888) p. 217, the term appears as **druchtain na monad**. On the Continent, **policaria** referred to **fleabane**, **Pulicaria dysenterica** Webb, but in England and Ireland it was used for **lousewort**, the two sorts referred to in the text being, presumably, **Pedicularis palustris** Webb (the big sort) and **Pedicularis sylvatica** Webb (the small sort). The English Agnus Castus (Brodin, p. 197) says:
  

‘Policaria ys an herbe that me clepyth policarie thys herbe hath leuys y-lech to fern and he hath a flour somdel red and sho hath a stok ful of braunches and he hath smale coddes yn the whych ys sed and hure stalke and hure leuys beth somdel reed and he groweth yn watery places... ther beth twey spycys of hure.’
  

This describes **Pedicularis palustris** very well. Another name given by **Threlkeld**, p. 120, for **lousewort** is **lus an ghiolla riabhaigh**, the ‘giolla riabhach’ being, presumably, either the louse or the lousy.

- **mil mor** (lat. **cetus**), a **whale**.

- **mil muidhe** (syn. **lepus**), a **hare**. Chapter 170.

- **mil rosasium**, see **meal rosasiam**.



---

p.820


- **miltog** (lat. **culex**), a **midge**.

- **mi-measarda**, **immoderate**. In Chapter 15, the term represents a mis-reading of the Latin (as we have it).

- 1. **min** (syn. **farina**; lat. **farina**), **meal**. See **eorna**.

- 2. **min** (lat. **subtilis**, **subtilissimus**), **fine**.

- **mi-nadurtha** (lat. **innaturalis**), **unnatural**.

- **mine Muire**, **minen Muire**, **annual knawel**, **Scleranthus annuus** Webb.

- **minigid** (lat. **lenire**), **smoothens**.

- **minntas** (syn. **menta**; lat. **menta**), **mint**, **Mentha species**. Chapter 190. **Walafrid Strabo**, in the ninth century, declared that to be able to memorise the powers and species and names of the mints you would need to be able to enumerate the fish swimming in the Indian Ocean or the sparks the Lemnian Vulcan sees rising high in the air from the mighty furnaces of Mount Etna. **Platearius** repeats the point in more prosaic terms in the chapter on which the Irish text is based. However, the Irish text in Chapter 190 speaks of mint as if there were just the one sort, and this suggests that what the Irish author had in mind was the species that was most cultivated here at the time, i.e., **spearmint**, **Mentha spicata** Webb. Other species that are dealt with separately in the text are:
  

**Calamintha sylvatica**, see **cailimint**;
  

**Nepeta cataria**, see **neift**;
  

**Mentha aquatica**, see **cartlann**;
  



---

p.821


**Mentha pulegium**, see **poiliol ruibel**.

- **min ruis**, **milled flax seed**.

- **minugad** (lat. **terere**), **makes small**.

- **mirbolani** (lat. **mirobolani**), **myrobalans**. Chapter 200. There were five sorts, all being the fruits of Indian trees. The botanical identifications are those of Stearn, Opsomer (1984) Chapter 287:
  

**citrini** (lat. **citrinus**), **Terminalia citrina**;
  

**cebuli** (lat. **kebuli**), **Terminalia chebula**; this is the commercial **myrobalans** of the present time. The immature fruits are black, ovoid and about 1–3cm long, and they contain tannin and a fixed oil. The mature fruits, which are used as a tanning material, are larger and yellowish-brown in colour.
  

inndi (lat. **indi**), **Terminalia horrida**;
  

emblici (lat. **emblici**), **Phyllanthus emblica** (family Euphorbiaceae); this sort is dealt with separately in Chapter 122;
  

bellirisi (lat. **bellirici**), **Terminalia bellirica**.

- **mirbuileach**, (lat. **mirabiliter**), **marvellous**.

- **mirr** (lat. **mirra**), **myrrh**, an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the stems of shrubs, of species of **Commiphora**, growing in North East Africa and Arabia. Chapter 194. The substance is a yellowish-white viscous fluid which hardens to reddish-brown masses.

- mirra, see **mirr**.

- **mirtuis**, see **raidleag**.



---

p.822


- **miseracio uene**, the **mesenteric veins**, which collect blood along the length of the intestines, and which lead into the portal vein, which in turn leads into the liver.

- **mitall** (lat. **metallum**, **vena terre**, **terra**), **metal**.

- **mocrach**, **early in the day**; usually renders **mane**.

- **modoman** (syn. **sbaragus**; lat. **sparagus**), **asparagus**, **Asparagus officinalis** Webb, of which it appears the subspecies **prostratus** occurs in this country. Chapter 257. While some authorities explain **sparagus** as **Asparagus**, there are others who take different views. For our purposes, however, the matter seems to be settled by the illustration in the Modena MS which, as between the various contenders, can only be intended to represent **Asparagus**:



---

p.823


- **mogall (na cno)** (lat. **cortex [circa nucem]**), **outer coat**. The reference is to the **aril of the nutmeg**, see **mas**.

- **moirfea** (lat. **morphea**), **morphew**. Lile Eg 39v–40r: *i.e. Book I, Ch XXIII* ‘Is eadh is morphea and truailliugad baltnaigtheach an croicinn. Dleaghar a fhis gach ni is cuis don lubra gurob cuis do morphea e & is uime sin an ni is lubra isan feoil ise is morphea isin croicinn. Maseadh dleaghar a fis co fuil cosmaileas ac morphea ris an lubra oir mar tseachranaigeas an brigh coimedtheach isan lubra do-ni a morphea, gidheadh ata deichfir eturra oir is annsa feoil bis an lubra & isan croicinn bis morphea. Et ata cosmaileas fos ac morphea re hictericia oir ata an croicinn arna salcadh innta araon, gidheadh ata deichfir eturra mar ata an truailliugad baltnaigtheach a rann don corp a morphea & a rann eli gan a beith. An ictericia vero ata truailliugad an croicinn uilidhe no a ngar do beith uilidhe. An .2. deichfir oir ni bi seachran na brighi cosmailighthi an ictericia & bidh a morphea; maseadh fagtar mar congluid curob eadh is morphea and seachran na brighi cosmailighthi isan croicinn. Et dleaghar a fis timcill an adhbair so nach cuirid na hughdair a coitchinne acht .2. gne ar morphea .i. gne geal & gne dubh... da mbia o fuil deirg & a beith isin agaidh aderur gutta rosacea & da mbia sa cuid eli don corp aderur rubores in tan sin & da mbia an salchur so o linn ruagh aderur impetigo ris... mar aderur sa .3.



---

p.824




leabhar De Morbo, is arna redaibh ata an ealadha leighis & ni harna briatruibh & is uime sin nach fuil mu brigh isin n-uimhir no isna hanmannaibh acht co tuictear na reda; maseadh bith 'na funndamint againn .4. gnethi do beith ar morphea .i. gne o fuil deirg loiscthi & gne o linn ruagh loiscthi & gne o linn finn tshaillti & gne eli o linn finn loiscthi. Da mbia dath an coirp dearg riabhach baltnaigtheach is o linn ruagh beas & da mbe geal baltnaigtheach is o linn finn & is oirdearc an gne so & da mbe a ndath dubh is o linn dubh tic & is ro-oirrdearc an gne so fos; maseadh na bith coinntinn fana hanmannaibh acht co tuicim na reda.’

- **moirtel**, **mortel** (lat. **mola**), a **pounding mortar**. Circa Instans says (s.v. **plumbum**) ‘Ex plumbo fit mortarium & pistellus.’

- **mola matricis**, a **hydatidiform mole**, i.e. a **degenerative mass which forms in the womb following upon conception, the embryo dying in the process**. LM Pt. 7, Ch. 18.

- **molea**, see **ruibh**.

- **molena**, see **coinneall Mhuire**.

- **mongach measc**, **sea wormwood**, **Artemisia maritima** Webb.
  

In **Stokes** (1898) C100, this term glosses **simprionica**. In the relative manuscript, the latter word is written ‘Simp*i*oniaca’: if the superscript "i" were regarded as an error for a mark of lenition, and what appears to be a punctum delens under the first "a" be ignored, the word would come out as **simphoniaca**.



---

p.825




This is explained both by **Fischer** (1929) and **Hunt** (1989) as **henbane**, **Hyoscyamus niger** Webb. The Irish name would suit this plant, because it is stickily-hairy and, having narcotic properties (‘measc’), it is used externally as an analgesic to relieve pain. The only occurrence of **mongach measc** in the present text is in a recipe for a plaster to relieve migraine.
  

Against that, however, **Threlkeld** p. 17 gives ‘**Mongach Measga**’ for **mugwort**, **Artemisia vulgaris** Webb, and he has been followed in this by various authorities.
  

It has to be doubted whether either of those identifications is correct, because the physicians seem to have made a point of not using more than one Irish name for the same plant, and the more common terms **gatfann**, for **henbane**, and **buatfallan liath**, for **mugwort**, are used in the present text.
  

As regards **simphoniaca**, this is a term that is not common, and the scribe of the glossary shows that he was confused by it. He may have mixed it up with **centonica**, which is given in the present text, as a synonym for **absinthium** (wormwood), and which seems to refer rather to the drug (santonin) that is produced from various species of **Artemisia** than to any particular species.
  

I submit that **mongach measc** is for the **sea wormwood**, **Artemisia maritima** Webb, which grows on muddy or rocky



---

p.826




seashores on the East and West coasts. The numerous narrow leaflets give the impression of an unruly head of hair. ***Culpeper** p. 397 says of it

It is a very noble bitter, and succeeds in procuring an appetite, better than the common Wormwood’’*, so that it is possible it was used as a bitter in making beer, which would explain the measc.

- **mong mer** (syn. **conium**; lat. **cicuta**), **hemlock**, **Conium maculatum** Webb. Chapter 92.

- **mora selsi**, see **smera**.

- **morella**, see **midhaidhi**.

- **morgad** (lat. **putridus**), **to corrupt**.

- **mormont**, see **uormont**.

- **morsus demonis**, see **caisearban bec**.

- **mortel**, see **moirtel**.

- **mosdard**, **musdard** (syn. **napeum**, **sinapium**; lat. **sinapi**, **napeos**), **black mustard**, **Brassica nigra** Webb, and **white mustard**, **Sinapis alba** Webb. Chapter 206. Mustard seed is interesting as being a plant source of an antibiotic.

- **mothuigid**, **perceives**.

- **muc** (lat. **porcinus**), a **pig**.

- **mucaigid** (lat. **extinguere**), **extinguishes**, **quenches**.

- **muinnterdha** (lat. **domesticus**), **(of a plant) cultivated**.

- **muiridhi** (lat. **marinus**), **maritime**.

- **Muir Toirrian**, the **Mediterranean Sea**.

- **mulsa** (lat. **mulsa**), **mulsa**, a drink made of eight parts



---

p.827




water and one honey.

- **mumia** (lat. **mumia**), **mummy**. Chapter 198. Egyptian mummies were disinterred for the sake of the embalming materials which they contained. Wölfel (1939) n. 104 quotes a medieval writer who commented that the apothecaries were selling dried flesh and bones as mummy.

- **murgalar** (lat. **nausea marina**), **sea-sickness**.

- **murlan** (lat. **caput**), the **bulb (of the leek)**.

- **muscata**, see **nutamicc**.

- **muscus** (lat. **muscus**), **musk**. Chapter 197. A strong-smelling substance of persistent fragrance secreted in a gland under the belly of the male musk-deer, **Moschus moschiferus**, which lives at high altitudes in China and the Himalayas. According to Stannard (1966) p. 10, the term was also applied to **civet,** a substance secreted by the anal glands of the **civet cat**, especially **Viverra civetta**, which was imported from Syria by the Venetians for the unguent makers. The civet cat is a cat-like animal from two to three feet long.

- **musdard**, see **mosdard**.



---

p.828


- **Naduir** (lat. **natura**), **nature**. Normally written as n�, the word is written out once, in Chapter 241, ‘da reir naduire’.

- **nadurtha** (lat. **naturalis**, **naturaliter**), **natural** (as opposed to **aicideach**, lat. **accidentaliter**). Sometimes written as n�, other times as nad*ur*a, it may be better to expand it as **nadura**.

- **napeum**, see **mosdard**.

- **nastursium**, see **bilur uisce**.

- **nathair neimhe** (lat. **colubrina**, **serpens**), a **snake**.

- **neamh-cunntabartach**, **undoubted**.

- **neanntog** (syn. **acalife**, **urtica**; lat. **urtica**, **acalyphe**), **nettle**, **Urtica dioica** Webb, and possibly **Urtica urens** Webb. Chapter 5. It is not unlikely that the Roman nettle, **Urtica pilulifera** CTW, was being cultivated and used.

- **neanntog Muiri**, **deadnettle**, **Lamium** species. In Chapter 42 this term is used to render **marubium**, and, in the manuscript glossary printed by Stokes (1898) C, **neandtog muiri** again glosses **marubium**. While **marubium** normally means **white horehound**, **Marrubium vulgare** Webb, and is rendered by **orofont** in Chapter 183, it appears from Hunt (1989) that the synonym given for it in a list in a 13th century manuscript in Cambridge is ‘**blinde-netle**’, for which Hunt gives **Lamium album**. **Threlkeld** p. 86 gives **neantóg Mhuire** for each of two



---

p.829




species of **deadnettle**, the red, **Lamium purpureum** Webb and the white, **Lamium album** Webb. A modern herbal, Chiej (1984) item 168, recommends **Lamium album** in compresses for external piles, which, from the Latin text, appears to be the ailment in question in Chapter 42.

- **neartaigid**, **strengthens**.

- **neascoid** (lat. normally **apostema**, but also **tumor**, **cancer**, **parotidas tumores**, **cicatrix**). From Lile it appears that the term covered a wide variety of sores and lumps.

- **neift** (syn. **nepta**; lat. **nepeta**), **catmint**, **Nepeta cataria** Webb. Chapter 208. See **minntas**.

- **neimh** (lat. **venenum**, **virus**, **nocuum medicamen**), **poison**. Chapter 281.

- **neimh-dileaghadh** (lat. **indigestio**), **indigestion**.

- **neimhneach**, **poisonous**.

- **nemann** (syn. **margarite**; lat. **margarita**), **pearl**. Chapter 187.

- **nenufar**, see **raib uisce**.

- **nepta**, see **neift**.

- **niamnat**, **tormentil**, **Potentilla erecta** Webb.

- **nighid** (lat. **ungere**, **abluere**), **washes**.

- **noinin** (syn. **consolida minur**; lat. **consolida minor**), **daisy**, **Bellis perennis** Webb. Chapter 91.

- **nota** (lat. **nothus**), **false**. **Terciana nota** and **quartana nota** were "false" forms of the fevers in question.



---

p.830


- **nutamicc** (syn. **nux muscata**; lat. **nux muscata**), **nutmeg**, the dried kernels of the seeds of **Myristica fragrans**, an evergreen tree about 10-20m in height, indigenous to the Molucca or Spice Islands. Chapter 210. See **mas**.

- **nux longa**, see **almont**.

- **nux magna**, see **cno franncach**.

- **nux muscata**, see **nutamicc**.

- **nux parva**, see **cno gaeidilach**.

- **Oculus lucrisi** (lat. **oculus lucens** or **oculus lucidus**), another name for **licium**. See **lisium**.

- **odhrad** (syn. **linga bouina**; lat. **lingua bovina**, **buglossa**), **bugloss**, **Anchusa arvensis** Webb, and, possibly, an imported bugloss (‘**alkanet**’), **Anchusa officinalis** CTW. Chapter 178. See **glaiser coille**.

- **oibrigid** (lat. **operari**, **efficacia**), **functions**.

- **oigi** (lat. **novitas**), **youth**, **freshness**.

- **oilid** (lat. **nutrire**), **nourishes**.

- **co h-oiredha** (lat. **principaliter**), **principally**.

- **oiximel** (lat. **oximel**), **oxymel**, a drink based on vinegar and honey. The Antidotarium Nicolai gives a recipe:
  
 
‘Oximell sic fit:
  

Recipe
  

mellis despumati libram unam,
  
 
aceti fortissimi libram unam et semis
  
 
in quo bulliant
  

radicum feniculi uncias ii
  



---

p.831




radicum raphani unciam et semis;
  

tantum buliat ut ad libram unam redeatur, deinde colatur, et colatura supradicto mellis addatur in stangnato vase semper agitando cum spatula tam diu lento igne ut ad consumptionem succi deveniat.
  

Valet ut oxizaccara. Digerit, dividit et flegma mirabiliter purgat. Datur in mane cum calida.’

- **oixisacra**, **oxysaccharum**, a drink made with vinegar and sugar.

- **ola** (lat. **oleum**), **oil**. When not qualified, the term may be taken to mean **olive oil**. The following oils are mentioned:
  

**ola an popin**, **poppy oil**, obtained by pressing the seeds; discussed in Chapter 75;
  

**ola coitcheand** (lat. **oleum commune**), **olive oil**;
  

**ola mandragora** (lat. **oleum mandragoratum**), **mandrake oil**;
  

**ola na cno francach** (lat. **oleum nucis**), **walnut oil**;
  

**ola na roisi**, **ola roisidha** (lat. **roseo olivo**, **oleum rosaceum**), **rose oil**. Circa Instans tells how it was made:
  

‘Quidam decoquunt rosas in oleo communi & colant & servant. Quidam autem implent vas vitreum rosis & oleo & faciunt bulire in caldario aqua pleno, & hoc oleum bonum est. Alii terunt rosas in oleo & in vase vitreo soli per .1. dies exponunt & hoc oleum similiter bonum est.’



---

p.832


**ola violasium**, **ola na uiola** (lat. **oleum violaceum**), **oil of violets**;
  

**ola darub ainm sambusium** (lat. **oleum sambucinum**), appears to be an **oil of elder**, **Sambucus nigra** Webb.
  

**olium iuniperi**, **oil of juniper**. Circa Instans describes how this was distilled:
  

‘Ex iunipero fit oleum hoc modo: in terra ponatur olla & in ore bene obturato ponitur canale eneum [cf. 'ereum' in Iolanda Ventura's edition of Tractaus de herbis, p 495] vel ferreum; postmodum ponitur super lebetem vas ereum vel ferreum; postponitur in illa olla, & in fundo illius olle ponitur alia pars canalis & circumliniatur optime creta ne aliquid possit exire. Post impleatur ex lignis iuniperi siccis & operiatur bene & ignis fiat in circuitu olle. Modicum olei effluit, sed illud efficacissimum est.’
  

**olium laurinam**, **laurel oil**.
  

**olium nardinum**, **spikenard oil**, see **spica nardi**.

- **olc**: in **olc na mban**, ‘**women's problems**’.

- **olibanum** (lat. **olibanum**), **frankincense**, an oleo-gum-resin obtained by incision from the bark of small trees in North East Africa and Arabia, species of **Boswellia**, including **Boswellia carteri**. Chapter 212. It is used in incense, and in fumigating preparations.

- **olium**, see **ola**.

- **olund** (lat. **lana**), **wool**.



---

p.833


- **omh** (lat. **viridis**, **crudus**), **raw**.

- **omur**, a **tub**.

- **opium** (lat. **opium**), **opium**, the dried latex obtained by incision from the unripe seed capsules of the **opium poppy**, **Papaver somniferum** Webb. Chapter 75 describes how it was processed.

- **opoponax** (lat. **oppoponacum**), **opopanax**, a fetid gum-resin obtained from the root of **Opopanax chironium**, a plant like parsnip with a yellow flower. Chapter 213.

- **or** (syn. **aurum**; lat. **aurum**), **gold**. Chapter 49.

- **orbuighi** (lat. **citrinus**), **golden yellow**.

- **ordaigid**, **prescribes (a medicine)**.

- **ordeum**, see **eorna**.

- **orobus**, see **pis enain**.

- **orofont** (syn. **marubium**; lat. **marrubium**), **white horehound**, **Marrubium vulgare** Webb. Chapter 183. The use of this term in Chapter 84 is an error.

- **ortomia**, *lat **orthopnoea***, **orthopnoea**, severe difficulty in breathing, so that the patient cannot bear to lie down, but must sit or stand up. Lile Eg 118r ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 8): ‘Disnia se selad canit asma malumque reuelat .i. celidh an disnia i fen & labhraidh an asma & foillsighidh a holc. Et atait an da ainm so mar cinel & atait 4 gneithi fuithi. An cet gne dibh an docamhail anala nach liginn do neach an t-aer d'innarbadh ar son nach fedtar an cliabh naid na fedain do cumgughadh mar is lor innus go congaimhtear na himurcacha deathmhara inntu &



---

p.834




sangisugium ainm na gne sin. An .2. gne .i. an tan nach fedtar an t-aor do tairring cum an croidhi mar is lor ar son nach fedtar in cliabh naid na fedain do lethnughadh co maith & anelosus a hainm sin. An .3. gne vero in tan tshaothruighis neach annsa modh sin .i. ac tairring & ac innarbadh an aoir & orthomia a hainm sin & is dibh sin labhruid na fersadha so:
  


> 
> 	
> 		1. Expirat late, trahit ad se cum grauitate,
> 		  
> 		Omnis anhelosus e contra sanguisugosus
> 		  
> 		Orthopnoea quoque morbo versatur utroque.


  

.i. gach uile duine ara mbi an gne re n-abur anelosus leigidh an t-aer uadha co lethan & tairrngidh maille re tromdacht & a contrardha sin as sangisugium & bith tromdacht an .2. gne sin an ortomia...’

- **osaragi**, see **lus na leadan**.

- **os de corde serui**, see **cnaim craige an fiadha**.

- **oslaictheach**, **oscailteach** (lat. **aperiendi**), **opening**.

- **oslaigid** (lat. **aperire**), **opens**.

- **othur** (lat. **aeger**), the **patient**.

- **ouua**, see **ugh**.

- **oxifencia**, see **tamuirindi**.

- **oxilapacium**, see **samadh**.

- **oxiren**, see **finegra**.

- **oxiriun**, see **finegra**.

- **Paghanach** (lat. **paganus**), **pagan**.

- **paidir**, a **Pater Noster**, **the Lord's Prayer**.



---

p.835


- **pairilis** (lat. **paralisis**), paralysis.
  

Lile Eg 77r ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 27): ‘Is eadh is paralis and bogadh na feithidh maille re bacadh uilidhe an gluasachta & an moithighthe... Bith puls fir na paralisi folaightheach & bith an fual geal seim, gidheadh bith uair and ro-dathuighthe ar son nach eidir leis an naduir a dealughadh no ar son teinnis no fiabruis no galair eli bis ina coimideacht & bith an taobh easlan fuar mar do beith an oidhrigh & bith an taobh slan te mar do beith a teinidh & loighditear an tsuil uair and.’

- **pairitair** (syn. **paritaria**; lat. **paritaria**), **pellitory**, **Parietaria diffusa** Webb. Chapter 222.

- **pampinus** (syn. **duillebar na fineamhna**), the **leaves of the vine**, **Vitis vinifera** CTW.

- **papauer nigrum**, see **popin**.

- **paritaria**, see **pairitair**.

- **parsail**: ‘min ponairi arna parsail’, lat. ‘farina fabe fracte cum capitello’: strictly, the Latin appears to mean ‘treated with lye’; ‘ponuire arna parsail’ is used in Lile NLS 247r to translate ‘cum sunt torrefactae’, which indicates that the word is intended for ‘parched’, a process in which corn is slightly burnt.

- **pastinaca**, see **meacan righ**.

- **pecaigid**, **offends**. A humour is said to be peccant when it is causing illness; to be peccant in its quality (Chapter 106) means e. g. it is so hot as to make the



---

p.836




person ill.

- **peinntiuraig** (lat. **pictores**), **painters**.

- **peiridha** (syn. **pira**; lat. **pira**), **pears**, the fruit of the cultivated pear, **Pyrus communis** CTW. Chapter 228.

- peist (syn. **lumbrisi**, **uermis**; lat. **lumbrici**, **vermes**), a **worm**. Chapter 283.

- **peletra**, see **piletra**.

- **pentafilon**, **creeping cinquefoil**, **Potentilla reptans** Webb. See **cuigidheach**.

- **peristeron**, see **ueruena**.

- **perplemonia** (lat. **peripneumonia**), **pneumonia**. Lile Eg 123v ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 10): ‘Is eadh is perplemonia and .i. neascoid teasaide an scamain, & crichnaightear an neascoid sin uair and a slighi discailti & uair eli cruinnightear hi & uair eli cuirtear a hadhbar cum na hinchinne & cuirtear uair eli cum na rann foirimillach & cuirtear uair eli cum pleurisisi, gidheadh is annamh cuirtear, & cuirtear uair eli cum na feithan & teid uair eli an empima & da n-innarbtar ris 40 la hi is inmolta & muna hinnarbtar & an brigh do beith anbhfhunn is cunntabarthach a leiges. Is cuis don easlainte so uair and pleurisis & is olc an cuis sin do sir & cuisightear co minic hi o catarrus & gentear o gach linn dona leannaibh i & mar is o linn ruagh is mo gentear pleurisis, is mar sin is o linn finn is mo gentear perplemonia. Is iat comarthadha na heaslainte so puls tonnmhar & docamhail ro-mor na hanala, innus



---

p.837




curob becnach muchaightear an t-easlan, & deirgi na ngruaidhi & att na sul & teinneas idir an da slinnen. Bith a fis agad in tan do-nitear perplemonia o pleurisis co ndenann ceachtar do da ni .i. co marbann leth astigh don .7d. la & co teid a ptisis, & da ndeacha adhbar na perplemonia a slighthibh an fuail is comartha slainte. Bith a fhis agad annso do leith an adhbhair, an pleurisis do-nitear o linn ruagh curob marbtach is menca bis; da reir sin is marbtach is mo bhis gach uile pleurisis, oir is o linn ruagh is minca gentear hi, & ise is adhbar do sin .i. an pleurisis do-nitear o linn ruagh bith maille re teasaideacht ro-dasachtach o gontaigh leanna ruaigh, & ni fedann fuaraideacht an leigis bunait an adhbair d'fuaradh oir ni roithinn brigh an leigis co huilidhe conuig an adhbair, ge do berthai co hinmedonach a modh dighi e, oir is fada an tslighe uaithi & da cuirtear co foirimillach e ata in t-asnach eturra & e aca toirmisc. Is becnach inann leiges do perplemonia & do pleurisis acht amhain curob laidire na leigis dleaghar do tabhairt a perplemonia, & a cur ris an leith a mbia an teinneas, & is maille re cosachtaigh is mo dleaghmaidh a hadhbar so d'innarbadh.’

- **persilli** (syn. **petrosilium**; lat. **petrosilinum**), **parsley**, **Petroselinum crispum** Webb. Chapter 218.

- **persilli alastroint**, see **elistront**.

- **pes pulli**, see **adann**.



---

p.838


- **pes vituli**, see **geadhar**.

- **petrosilium**, see **persilli**.

- **petrusidinum**, see **elistront**.

- **pibar** (lat. **piper**), **pepper**; fruits of perennial climbing plants cultivated in the Malay Archipelago. Chapter 220. The inflorescence is a spike of 20–30 flowers, and the fruits develop in the form of a spike. The sorts used were:
  

**pibar dubh** (syn. **piper nigrum**; lat. **piper nigrum**), **black pepper**, the dried unripe fruits of **Piper nigrum**;
  

**white pepper** (not referred to in the text, because it was mainly used in the East) is the fruits of the same **Piper nigrum** when allowed to become more completely ripe;
  

**pibar fada** (lat. **piper longum**), **long pepper**, the dried unripe fruits of **Piper longum**, similar to the fruits of the black pepper, but sold in the spikes, about 4cm long.

- **pibinella**, see **eigrim**.

- **picc**, **pitch**. The medieval processing of the oleo-resin of pine trees, **Pinus species**, is to some extent clarified by the Erlangen copy of Circa Instans (Wölfel, 1939, 98-9):
  

‘Pix alia est liquida que picula dicitur... alia navalis... Dicunt tamen quidam quod pix liquida fex sit picis navalis, quod dum excoquitur pix liquida



---

p.839




quasi fex residet, qui mentiuntur. Fiunt enim ex diversis arboribus quarum frusta in diversis vasis excoquuntur, a quibus in alia vasa que sub terra posita sunt effluit liquorositas a lignis resudans.’
  

**Pliny** gives an account of the process in Book 16 of his Natural History. The products appear to have been:
  

**picc boc** (lat. **pix liquida**), ‘**soft, or liquid, pitch**’, an aqueous distillate that came over when chippings of the wood were boiled in the retort;
  

**pix navalis** (not mentioned in the Irish text), the tar that was produced in the course of the above process, so named because it was used for caulking and weatherproofing ships.
  

**picc Greagach** (syn. **colafonium**; lat. **colofonia**, **pix Greca**), **colophony**, the resin remaining when the oil was boiled off the oleo-resin extracted from the living tree. Chapter 87.



---

p.840


- **piement** (lat. **pigmentum**), **spiced wine**. In Chapter 98, the constituents recommended are cubebs, wine and honey. See **claired**.

- **pigla**, see **teanga enain**.

- **piletra** (syn., Chapter 244, **serpillum**; lat., Chapter 31, **piretrum**; Chapter 261, **petrosellino**). As an explanation of serpillum in Chapter 244, ‘**piletra**’ is for ‘**baletri**’, a synonym given in the Modena manuscript for **serpillum**, q.v. **Piletra** corresponds to Latin **pyrethrum** and English ‘**pellitory**’, and it goes back to Greek **πρεθον** ([lt ] **πυρετος**, fever) which is understood as **feverfew**, **Tanacetum parthenium** Webb. In chapters 31 and 261, from **Rufinus** (Thorndike, 1946, p. 239), Turner (1965) p. 188, and **Fischer** (1929) p. 278, it is likely that the plant intended was **Peucedanum ostruthium** Webb. We have no Latin to guide us for the occurrences in Chapters 85 and 285, though the context in the latter Chapter suggests that the Southern European plant, **Anacyclus pyrethrum**, may have been intended, at least by whatever authority the Irish author had for his material.

- **pillaili** (lat. **pillule**), **pills**. While the standard appears to be **pillidhi**, the word is written fully twice, as **pillule** in Chapter 142, and as **pillaili** in Chapter 162.



---

p.841


- **pimentairia**, see **mellago**.

- **pingedo**, see **methradh**.

- **pinginn** (lat. **crispelle**), literally **penny**, but used of small disks.

- **piper**, see **pibar**.

- **pipinella**, see **eigrim**.

- **pira**, see **peiridha**.

- **pisairium** (lat. **pessarium**), **pessary**.

- **pis enain** *[This word needs to be checked with the MS]* (syn. **orobus**), **vetch**, **Vicia sativa** Webb. The word appears in the Bible, Ezek. iv 9, translating ‘fitches’, as **pis fhináin** (**pisfhianáin** in the 1830 edition), and **pis inan** in K'Eogh,; **Aodh Mac Domhnaill** (Beckett 1967), [sect ]110, uses the forms **pissheana** and **pisshanach**; Hogan (1900) gives the following forms without attribution: **pis fhiadhaín**, **piseánach**, **pisíneán**, **pisneán**, **písfhianáin**; the manuscript glossary printed by Stokes (1898) C gives **pis enain** twice, once glossing **oropium**, and again glossing **molum agreiste** (which appears to be mola, meal, because peas were used in the form of meal). See also **pis síonáin**, de Bhaldraithe (1990).

- **piseog**, **sorcery**.

- **pis Greagach** (syn. **fenugrecum**, **feinel Greagach**; lat. **fenugrecum**) ,**fenugreek**, **Trigonella foenum graecum**. Chapter 127. The seeds of the plant, of the Leguminosae, were used as a spice.



---

p.842


- **pisillium** (lat. **psillium**), **flea-bane**, **Plantago indica** CTW.

- **plaig**, **plague**.

- **plantago maigheor**, see **cruach padraig**.

- **plata** (lat. **lamina**), a **plate**.

- **pleta**, see **biatus**.

- **pleurisis** (lat. **pleurisis**), **pleurisy**. Lile Eg 119v, 120r ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 9): ‘Is eadh is pleurisis and neascoid teasaide bis a laccertibh no a sreabannaibh no a cumdach an asnaigh co hinmedonach annsa cliabh. Bith a fis agad co fuilid da gne aran pleurisis .i. pleurisis firi & pleurisis nach fir. An pleurisis nach fir vero is a laccertibh no a sreabhannaibh no a feoil an n-asnaigh co foirimillach bis no is a timchill in asnaigh breigi ata fai an scairt cleibh co foirimillach no co hinmedonach do-nitear hi, no do-nitear hi o gaothmuireacht. An pleurisis fire vero is a cumhdach an asnaigh co hinmedonach do-nitear hi & co hairithi san inadh a ceangailtear an scairt risan n-asnach oir ata sreabhann and cumhdaighis an t-asnach co hinmedonach & sreabhann eli deallaigheas na boill spiradalta ona ballaibh oileamhnacha & **diafragma** is ainm don tsrebhainn sin & is ria aderur an scairt cleibh & ata sreabhann and do-ni da leth don cliabh ar fad & an cuid don scairt ata a fad on asna ni fetur neascoid do geneamhain innta acht annsa cuid ceangailtear don asnach ar son curob annsin atait cuisleanna & airtiri & rainn feolmara & leanna & is



---

p.843




uime sin fedtar neascoid do geneamhain and. Da reir sin asi an pleurisis firi an neascoid do-nitear a sreabhannaibh inmedonacha an asnaigh & is neascoid teasaide hi an da modhaibh .i. ara hadbar do beith teasaide no ar son an teasaideachta do geibh o morgadh & gentear pleurisis i ngach taobh .i. sa taobh deas & a taobh cli & an pleurisis gentear sa taobh cli asi as guasachtaighi dibh, gidheadh isi is luaithi crichnaightear & adeir Avicenna an pleurisis gentear sa taobh deas nach fuil si an guasachtaighi sin, gidheadh isi as moille crichnaightear... Na .4. comarthadha so foillsigheas an pleurisis fen mar adeir Galienus in De Crisi: An cet comartha dibh .i. teinneas taibh maille re gontaigh & atait .4. cuisi o ndentar an teinneas sin .i. droch-coimpleasc & scaileadh cointinoideach & in t-adbar do cuaidh a beil na cuisleann & in t-adbar ata andsna cuisleannaibh fos. An .2. comartha .i. fiabrus cointinoideach ar son an adhbair do beith arna morgadh isna hinadhibh ata co gar don cridhi. An .3. comartha .i. docamhail na hanala o gortughadh an scamain. An .4. comartha .i. co mbi cosachtach 'na coimideacht ar son an rainn cuirtear cum na fedan de. Et fedtar an .5. comartha do cur leo...’

- **plumbum**, see **luaidhe**.

- **plur** (lat. **contrita polenta**, **mica**, **pasta**), **flour**.

- **pobol righ**, another name for **popin dubh**, q.v.

- **poiliol ruibel** (syn. **athasar**, **polem regale**; lat.



---

p.844


**pulegium**), **penny-royal**, **Mentha pulegium** Webb. Chapter 44.

- **poilipus** (lat. **polipus**), **polypus**, tumours attached by a stalk to the surface from which they spring. Although these are found in the interior of various parts of the body, the present text refers only to polypus in the nose.

- **poinnticeacht**, **poinnticdha** (lat. **ponticitas**, **ponticus**), **tart to the taste**.

- **pointicum**, see **absinthium**.

- **poir** (lat. **porus**, **artus**), a **pore**.

- **polem regale**, see **poiliol ruibel**.

- **polipodium**, see **scim**.

- **politricum**, see **dubcosach**.

- **poll**, a **hole**; special uses:
  

**a pollaib na linnighan** (lat. ‘fistula ... eius loca concava’), the cavity of an ulcer – see **feadan**;
  

**a pollaibh na srona** (lat. **naribus**), the **nostrils** (see also **leath-shroin**.

- **pomum quersuus**, see **galla**.

- **ponaire** (lat. **faba**, **lupinorum amarorum**), **beans**, **Vicia faba** CTW; **min ponaire**, **bean flour**, Chapters 39 and 109. The Irish author uses bean flour instead of the lupin flour of the Latin text. It looks as if the Irish had not got around to cultivating **Lupinus**.

- **Pontos** (lat. **Pontus**): in Chapter 233, the name is probably a clouded memory of the fact that rhubarb was brought



---

p.845



to Europe at one time via the **Black Sea** (**Pontus Euxinus**).

- **popin** (syn. **codion**; lat. **papaver**), **poppy**. Three sorts are referred to:
  

**popin geal** (lat. **papaver album**), **opium poppy**, **Papaver somniferum** Webb; Chapter 75;
  

**popin dubh** (syn. **pobol righ**, **papauer nigrum**), **corn poppy**, **Papaver rhoeas** Webb;
  

**gne ... ara mbi blath crocha**, **horned poppy**, **Glaucium flavum** Webb.
  

See **opium** and **ola**.

- **porrum**, see **lus**.

- **portulaca**, see **adann**.

- **potagra** (lat. **podagra**), **gout of the foot**; see **artetica**.

- **potaiste**, **pottage**; this seems to have been a thin soup, mostly of vegetables, as opposed to **eanbhruith**, which was a rich soup, mostly of meat.

- **praiseach**: this is the Latin **brassica**, and was applied:
  

**praiseach garrdha** (syn. **caulis ortentis**; lat. **caulis**), **cultivated cabbage**, **Brassica oleracea** CTW. Chapter 78. There are many cultivated races and varieties of this species. In Chapter 78, it is stated that there are two sorts of cabbage, the big and the small, and that the better sort is that which has a red stalk; this moves away from the Latin text, and appears to state the case as it was then in Ireland;
  



---

p.846


**praiseach dearg**, the sort with the red stalk referred to above;
  

**praiseach**: originally, this was the miserable cabbage soup that was the staple diet of the European poor in the Middle Ages. The cabbage was cooked all day, and anything that might give it a bit of a flavour was then added. The Regimen Sanitatis (Gillies, 1911 p. 28) tells us (of potaiste):
  

‘dentar é sa geimredh do cabhlán & do hocus & do saithsi & do persillidh no do cen(n)duibh geala losa arna mberbadh & arna fasgadh & a coimsuighiughadh le baindi almont.’
  

In the present text, the term has been extended to include other vegetables (Chapter 21), when **praiseach na luibhi so** [marshmallow] renders ‘decoctio radicis eius quum datur in potu cum vino’.
  

**praiseach buidhein** (syn. **sdrusium**; lat. **strucium**, **cauliculus agrestis**, **struthion**, **ostrutium**), **charlock**, **Sinapis arvensis** Webb. Chapter 247. In the two occurrences of the term in the Ó Leighin manuscript the second word (which is normally ‘buidhe’) is written as ‘buige’, and ‘buide’. **Rufinus** gives some botanical details (Thorndike, 1946, p. 77):
  

‘Cauliculus agrestis, alias strutium dicitur.



---

p.847



 

Assimilatur corrigiole sed latiorem habet stipitem et nodosum et in septembri vidi in sumitate eius pomum plenum seminibus rubeis. Sucus eius dicitur mabathematicon. Sunt enim quatuor species. Due faciunt florem croceum et due album; folia duorum multum crenata et alia duo non sic.’ (the reference to corrigiole does not seem to me to help).
  

Stearn interprets **strucium** in the French context of the Livre des simples medicines (Opsomer, 1984, item 399) as **sea-kale**, **Crambe maritima** Webb. **Rufinus**, however, may not have known that plant, as it does not grow in the Mediterranean area.

- **pras**, **brass**.

- **premh** (lat. **radix**), **root or rhizome**.

- **premhrusc**: I have taken this to mean **root-bark**, but have doubts about it.

- **presuficacio matrisis** (lat. **precipitatio matricis**, **hysteras cadentes**), **displacement of the uterus**. Lile Eg 187v ( LM Pt. 7, Ch. 13): ‘Teid an maclac asa inadh uair and & claonaidh cum ceachtair do da uball na lesi & gairtear **precipitacio** in tan sin de & uair eli tuitidh co hiochtarach & gairtear **descensus** no **casus** de in tan sin... Madh **precipitacio** bes and aithintear e o att do beith a ceachtar don da taobh & o teinneas & o truimideacht. Et madh **casus** bes and airightear



---

p.848




teinneas isna ballaibh iochtaracha & do-citear an maclac co follus amuigh & da mbe an easlainte co folaightheach uair and dlighidh an bean frithailthe a mer no a lamh do cur asteach & da mbe dorus an maclaic co direach as comhair an doruis follais eli ni deachaidh as a inadh ar en cor.’

- **priamiscus**, see **tulcan**.

- **proeirb**, **proverb**.

- **proinniughadh**, **dining**.

- **prunella**, see **airne**.

- **pudur** (lat. **pulvis**), **powder**.

- **pulegium martis**, see **litronta**.

- **pulegium muntanum**, see **puliol montanum**.

- **pulicaria**, see **millsean monadh**.

- **puliol montanum** (syn. **pulegium muntanum**; lat. **pulegium**). Chapter 219. The description in the English Agnus Castus (Brodin, 1950, p. 198) indicates that this is the large thyme, **Thymus pulegioides**:
  

‘Pvlogium montanum is an herbe men cleputh puliole mountayn or hulwort other brotherwort. This hath litel leues lich to organe bot the leues buth nou[yogh]t so moch and he hath a flour of purpur colour and he growith in hully places and in feldes.’
  

Webb says (p. 145) that it ‘has often been recorded, but usually in error. It may possibly occur in Cork and Cavan.’ The Census Catalogue of 1987 reports the species from vice-counties 5-6, 30, i.e., East Cork,



---

p.849




Waterford, and Cavan. Cronk (1991) discounts the suggestion made by some authorities that the plant in question may be **Thymus serpyllum** (as to which, see **serpillum**).

- **pulitricum**, see **ruibh cloithi**.

- **puls** (lat. **venas pulsatiles**), **pulse (pulsations of an artery)**.

- **punt**, a **pound**. See **unsa**.

- **pupulion**, **populeon**, an ointment made with pig lard and poplar buds (**Populus nigra**, Webb p. 172), with some herbs thrown in. There is a recipe for it in the Antidotarium Nicolai. Species of **Populus** provide the phenolic glycoside **populin**, which is still in use for rheumatic conditions and other ailments.

- **purgoid** (lat. **purgatio**), a **purgative**.

- **quabson**, **quason** = **causon**.

- **quarbunculus** = **carbuncalus**.

- **quartana** (lat. **quartana**), **quartan fever**. Lile NLS 13v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 6): ‘Is eadh is quartana ann fiabrus morgaighthe arna geinemuin o adhbhar leanna duip... Tionsgnaidh an aixis maille re fuacht thechtas & re horipilatio & re combrughadh na ccnam, & bi an puls folaightheach bec & luathaightir e asa haithle, & criochnaightir an aixis maille re hiomarcaidh alluis; oir bi an t-adhbhar an tirma isin co nach mairionn en rann detmar no loisgneach de deis na haixisi acht



---

p.850




indarbaidh go hiomlan, do reir Galienus De Diffirentiis Febrium, & bi an fual isil seimh ina tosach & dathuighthear é fa deoigh go mor deis na haixisi; & is cugnam cuige so na cuislionna do veith cumang & aibid an cuirp do beith tana & an aimsir 'na haimsir fogmhuir & neithe eli is cosmuil ru do teacht roimhe; & bi an aixis .24. huaire ar marthuin & bid a ccomsanadh .48. n-uaire; et bid na comurthadha so ni is isli a quartana notha & examhuiltir iad so fa examhlacht na leannonn.’

- **quarubughe** = **carauaidh**.

- **quercus**, see 1. **dair**.

- **racaidid**, **sells**; normally **recaigid**.

- **racam**, **ragmann** (syn. **rafanos**; lat. **raffanus**), **horse-radish**, **Armoracia rusticana** Webb. Chapter 231.

- **radarc** (syn. **uisus**; lat. **visus**), **sight**. Chapter 284.

- **rafanos**, see **racam**.

- **raibh** (syn. **ciba pirum**, **sulfur**; lat. **sulphur**), **sulphur**. Chapters 86 and 248. Sulphur in the free state is found in vast quantities in Sicily and Italy.

- **raibh uisce** (syn. **nenufar**; lat. **nenufar**), **water lily**, **Nuphar lutea** Webb (yellow), and **Nymphaea alba** Webb (white); blath na **raibhe uisce**, Chapter 207.

- **raidleog** (syn. **mirtuis**; lat. **mirtus**, **mirta**), **bog myrtle**, **Myrica gale** Webb. Chapter 193.

- **ramadus**, see **reamhadas**.

- **rann** (lat. **pars**), a **part**.



---

p.851


- **rannaighe** (lat. **particularis**), **particular or partial**, as opposed to **uilidhe** (lat. **universalis**), **universal**.

- **rathugad**, **perception**; in Chapter 119, **excessive sensitivity**.

- **reamhadas**, **ramadus** (lat. **tumidus**, **tumor**), **swelling**.

- **reamraigid** (lat. **impinguare**, **inspissare**, **tumescare**), **to make, or to become, gross, thick, or fat**.

- **reamur** (lat. **grossus**, **glutinosus**), **gross or fat**.

- **reimhe**, **roimhe** (lat. **pinguedo**, **grossus**), **thickness**, **fatness**.

- **rema** (lat. **reuma**, **catarrus**), **rheum**. Lile Eg 95r ( LM Pt. 3, Ch. 16): ‘Is eadh is reuma and flux leannann on ceann cum na mball bis fai & idirdeilightear tri gneithi ar an reuma ona hughdaraibh .i. corrisa & brancus & catarrus. Corrisa an tan teid cum na srona, Brancus in tan teid cum an geil, Catarrus an tan teid cum an ochta.’

- **Rementa Acutorum**, Hippocrates' **Regimen acutorum morborum**.

- **repercusiua**, see **fritbuailteach**.

- **replexion** (lat. **repletio**), **fullness or repletion (of the stomach)**.

- **reubarbrum**, **reuponticum** (lat. **reubarbarum**, **reuponticum**), **rhubarb**. Chapter 233. The rhubarbs used in medicine were **Rheum palmatum** and **Rheum officinale**, which grew wild, and were also cultivated, high in the mountains of Tibet, and in adjoining areas of China. The lamas claimed a monopoly of the trade in rhubarb on the



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p.852




grounds that the plant contained what the Hippocratic writers called **divum quid**; consequently, the lands where it grew were beloved by the gods, and this made the plant the lamas' business. The part used in medicine was an aerial shoot from the rhizome. The shoot persisted in winter and was about a foot in length and four inches across. The drug was brought by trading caravans to **Bokhara**. It is thought that it was transported to Europe via the **Black Sea** (**Pontus Euxinus**) (hence "rha-ponticum"). It was also brought down the Indus and shipped via the ancient port of Barbarike (near Karachi) (hence "rha-barbarum"). The word "rha" is understood by some to have come from the Persian language, and by others from the old name for the Volga. In classical times, a species thought to be **Rheum rhaponticum** was grown east of the Black Sea, and was used in Europe, but this appears not to have continued. In the early Middle Ages, the medically used product of the Tibetan species was brought via Persia to the Levant ports. By the 15th century, it appears to have been shipped by sea via India. See Baillon's account (1873) of how the medicinal species of rhubarb were identified.



---

p.853


- **rian**, **of good quality**.

- **richt**: Chapter 215, ‘a richt an cnaimhe so’, ‘represented to be this bone’.

- **righin**: in general, this means, perhaps, ‘**offering resistance**’ (see **do-discailti**, Chapter 276). Specifically, **viscous** (lat. **viscosus**, **tenax**); slow (lat. **tarde**).

- **rigor** (lat. **rigor**), shivering.

- **rinn ruisc** (syn. **hipia minor**), **scarlet pimpernel**, **Anagallis arvensis** Webb. Chapter 154. The synonym given is in error for **Ippia maior**, as Stokes pointed out (1888, n. 146). Confusion occurred generally between **Ippia maior** and **Ippia minor** (Hunt, 1989, p. 149), and this may have been due in part to the similarity between some chickweeds and the pimpernel ( Alphita p. 196, n. 12).

- **ri raithneach**, **royal fern**, **Osmunda regalis** Webb.

- **risine** (lat. **uve**), **raisins**. Chapter 279.

- **ro-fabra**, an affection of the eyelashes.

- **ro-ger**, **ro-geiri** (lat. **acutus**,**acumen**), **acute**, **acuteness**.

- **ro-glan** (lat. **mundissimus**), **very clean**.

- **roimhe**, see **reimhe**.

- **roinn**, **to divide**.

- **roisicdha** (lat. **rosaceus**), **of roses**.

- **ros**, the seeds of a plant, as distinct from the fruit



---

p.854




containing them. The term is used of the seeds of the following:
  

**nettle** (lat. **semen**), **acantum**; chapter 32;
  

**knotgrass**, **gluineach bec**;
  

**marshmallow** (lat. **semen**), **leamhach**;
  

**flax** (lat., Modena MS, **linosa**), 1. **lin**;
  

**hemlock** (lat. **semen**), **mong mer**; chapter 92;
  

**bog myrtle** (lat. **fructus**), **raidleog**.
  

see also **ros lachan**.

- **rós** (lat. **rosa**), **rose**. According to Alphita, p. 154, ‘Rosa duplex est, alba et rubea, sed quando simpliciter ponitur pro rubea intelligitur.’ However, the Irish text seems to consider only one rose (Chapter 234):
  

**ros dearg** (syn. **rosa rubia**; lat. **rosa**), the **red rose**.
  

Following Stearn (Opsomer, 1984, item 368), the species used was probably the apothecary's rose, **Rosa gallica**. See **antera**.

- **rosa rubia**, see **rós**.

- **rosc**, the **eye**.

- **rós dearg**, see **rós**.

- **ros lachan** (syn. **lenticula acatica**; lat. **lenticula aquatica**), **common duckweed**, **Lemna minor** Webb, Chapter 168.

- **ros marina** (syn. **rosmarinus**; lat. **rosmarinus**), **rosemary**, **Rosmarinus officinalis**. Chapter 232. The plant is a native of Southern Europe, and was not grown on a



---

p.855




commercial scale in this country. Mary Keen (The Independent on Sunday, 29 April 1990) quotes from a French manual of 1393 how cuttings of rosemary were packed for export from France to England: ‘Wrapped in waxed cloth, sealed and smeared with honey all over and then dipped in flour’.

- **rostadh** (lat. **assatus**, **ustus**), **to roast**, **to toast**.

- **ro-teasaideacht**, **excessive hotness**.

- **rotundum**, see **ailim**.

- **ruagh** (lat. **subrufus**, **rubeus**), **foxy-red**. See **linn**.

- **ruagaidh** (lat. **depellere**), **puts to flight**.

- **rubia maior**, see **madra**.

- **rudus** (syn. **sol secium**, **sbonsa solis**, **eliotropia**, **sicorea**, **ingcuba**, **uerucaria**; lat. **sponsa solis**, **eliotropia**, **intuba, **cicorea**, **solsequium**, **dionisia**), **pot marigold**, **Calendula officinalis** CTW. Chapter 249**.

- **ruel** (**ruidel** in another copy), **dove's-foot cranesbill**, **Geranium molle** Webb. There is no syn. or lat. to guide us with this term. It appears as a gloss, ‘gallice roal’, on **herba Roberti** in an Anglo-Irish manuscript (Hunt, 1989). In other medical contexts, it is equated with **pes columbinus**: in the manuscript glossary printed by Stokes (1898) C, **ruidhel** glosses **rostrum** (which may refer to the prominent beak on the fruit of **Geranium species**), and **ruidhel .r.** glosses **pes columbinus**; in Gaulterus de dosibus (Sheahan, 1938, [sect ]67), ‘**pes columbe** .i. gne do'n **ruel**’ occurs. **Threlkeld** gives **Ruhel Rih**,



---

p.856


**Rial Cuiall** and **Rian Rih** for herb robert, **Geranium robertianum** Webb, and he has been followed in this by a number of authorities. The popular name for **herb robert** appears to have been **crobh dearg**.
  

The following account is given in the Modena manuscript:
  

‘Pes columbinus herba est que alio nomine dicitur flectio, habens folia rotunda intercisa similis pede columbi et fasciculos rubeos et florem subrufum. Expanditur super terram. Nascitur in ciliaria et locis sablosis & lapidosis. Mense madio vel Junio colligitur cum floribus suis. In umbra siccatur. Per annum servatur. Cum reperitur in medicinis & maxime in Trocisci dia corallis pes columbinus, folia cum suis floribus debent poni. Contra testiculos inflatos ex flegmate lucido pes columbinus et lactucam viridem parvam simul contritis & cataplasmatis mirabile est.’
  

The botanical details given by that text appear to indicate **Geranium molle**. The Livre des simples medecines (Opsomer, 1980) illustrates merely the leaves of **pes columbinus**, and they appear to be the leaves of **Geranium molle** as one looks down on the plant from above (**Geranium molle** is semi-prostrate), although Stearn identifies the plant as the long-stalked crane's-bill, **Geranium columbinum** Webb.
  

Alphita, p. 140, gives:



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p.857




‘**Pes columbinus uel pes columbe** idem, folia habet diuisa in septem porciones et quelibet porcio habet duas diuisiones uel iii. Florem habet blaueum, [gall.] et anglice, clauerfot (read **culverfot**).’
  

On p. 65, **flectidos** is given as a synonym for **pes columbinus**, and the footnote says ‘According to Gerarde, p. 938, the plant is Dove's-foot Cranebill’.
  

In the Grete Herball, **doues fote** is given as the English for **pes columbinus**, and Rydén (1984) does not commit himself beyond the genus, **Geranium**.
  

The English Agnus Castus (Brodin, 1950, p. 197) states:
  

‘Pes columbe ys an herbe that me clepyth coluerfot or pes de columbe thys herbe hath leuys y-lyche to mawort (=**Geranium robertianum** per Brodin) bot the leuys beth more whyte and he hath a flowre as mawort but hure stalke ys not so red ne so tender and he beryth hure sed as doth mawort and he growyth a-pon wallys and a-pon the growndys yn feldys.’
  

Brodin identifies **pes columbe** as **Geranium molle**.
  

William Turner (ed. W. T. Stearn, 1965, p. 181) says: ‘Geranium is of two kyndes. The one kynde is called Pinke nedle or Cranes byl the other is called Pes columbinus of the commune Herbaries, and it mays be called in englishe **Douefote**.’
  

Turner deals separately with **Herbe Roberte**. His editors identify **douefote** as **Geranium molle**.
  



---

p.858


**Culpeper** devotes separate chapters to herb robert and dove's foot. Of the latter, he says:
  

‘This hath divers small, round, pale green leaves cut in about the edges, much like mallows, standing upon long, reddish, hairy stalks, lying in a round compass upon the ground, among which rise up two, or three, or more reddish, jointed, slender, weak hairy stalks with such like leaves thereon, but smaller, and more cut in up to the tops, where grow many very small, bright, red flowers of five leaves a-piece; after which follow small heads with small short beaks pointed forth, as all other sorts of this herb do. It groweth in pasture grounds, and by the path-sides in many places and will also be in gardens.’
  

His editor identifies this as **Geranium molle**.
  

Clapham et al. (1962) give **Dove's-foot Cranesbill** as the English name of **Geranium molle**.

- **rufa (rufus)**, see **ruagh**.

- **ruibh** (syn. **ruta**, **bisa**, **molea**; lat. **ruta**), **rue**, **Ruta graveolens**. Chapter 236. Kingston et al. (1878), in extolling the virtues of the garden rue as ‘an excellent preservative against the noxious influences of a moist and vapid atmosphere and the contagious miasmata of epidemical diseases’, say that in the Old Bailey tufts of rue were placed on the front of the dock, whilst others were stuck in the penholes of the
inkstands about the court.



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p.859


- **ruibh cloithi** (syn. **pulitricum**; lat. **pollitricum**), **wall-rue**, **Asplenium ruta-muraria** Webb. Chapter 225. See **dubcosach**.

- **ruibi** (lat. **rubeus**), **red**.

- **ruidhleas**, **specific property**.

- **rumei**, see **oxilapacium**.

- **rusc**, **bark**. See **premhrusc**.

- **ruta**, see **ruibh**.



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p.859


- **Sabraidh** (syn. **saturaieia**, **utimbra**; lat. **satureia**), **summer savory**, **Satureja hortensis**. Chapter 242. The generic name is said to derive from **satyrus**, because of the aphrodisiac effect with which the plant was credited (see Chapter 242).

- **sabus** (lat. **salsamentum**), **sauce**.

- **sacer ignis**, see **teine diadh**.

- **saethar**, **labour**;
  

**lucht an tsaethair** (lat. **siccientibus viantibus**), **people labouring (under the heat)**;
  

**saethraighi**, **preparations (the product of labour)**.

- **saidsi** (syn. **saluia**; lat. **salvia**), **garden sage**, **Salvia officinalis**. Chapter 261.

- **saidsi coilli**, see **iubar sleibhe**.

- **sailbh**, **salve**.

- **ail cnis**s, ‘**dirt of the skin**’; from Chapter 106, this would appear to refer to some condition of the head.

- **sail cuach** (syn. **uiola**; lat. **viola**), **sweet violet**, **Viola odorata**


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p.860




Webb. Chapter 276. This was the species that was cultivated and used in medicine: **Fischer** (1929) 145, 203; **blath sail cuach**, **flowers of violet**, Chapters 62 and 66. **Viola tricolor** Webb, the **pansy** or **heart's ease**, was also used, but it appears to have been regarded as not quite a violet, and was known as **goirmín** or **gorman bec**, q. v.

- **saileach** (syn. **salisit**; lat. **salix**), **willow**, **Salix species**. Chapter 245.

- **saill**, **fat**.

- **saillte** (lat. **salsus**), **salted**.

- **saingis dragoinis**, see **fuil dreagain**.

- 1. **sal** (lat. **tuberositates et mucillagines**), a **scum (on vinegar)**.

- 2. **sal**, see **salann**.

- **salach** (lat. **turbare**, **sordidus**), **dirty**, **infected**.

- **salann** (lat. **sal**), **salt**. Chapter 239.

- **salcur** (lat. **deformes maculas**, **sordens vulnus**, **torturam**, **maculas**, **frigidum reuma**, **humiditas**, **lentigines**, **saniem et ulcera**, **scrophas**, **sordes**, **lepras**, **ulcera**), **dirt**, **infection**, **exudation**.

- **Salernetani**, of Salerno.

- **salisit**, see **saileach**.

- **saluia**, see **saidsi**.

- **samadh** (syn. **acedula**, **oxilapacium**, **rumei**; lat. **acidula**), **sorrel**, **Rumex acetosa** Webb. Chapter 8. Appears to include also **Rumex scutatus** CTW, **French sorrel**, which



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p.861




was once much cultivated. Also **bo-samhadh**. See **copog**. The **sheep's sorrel**, **Rumex acetosella** Webb, was distinguished as **samhadh caorach**.

- **samadh fearna**, **water betony**, **Scrophularia auriculata** Webb.

- **sambucus**, see **trom**.

- **sambusium (ola)** (lat. **oleum sambucinum**), apparently an **oil of elder**, **Sambucus nigra** Webb.

- **samradh** (lat. **estas**), **summer**.

- **sandaili** (lat. **sandali**), **sandalwood**. Chapter 253. The text indicates that the wood was imported in small pieces, and that there were three varieties, **ailbi** (lat. **albus**), white; **ruibi** (lat. **rubeus**), red; and **citrini** (lat. **citrinus**), yellow. The white is the wood of **Santalum album**, a tree of India and the Malay Archipelago, and the red appears to be the wood of **Pterocarpus santalinus**. Nowadays, sandalwood oil is obtained from the heartwood of **Santalum album**.



---

p.862


- **sarcacolla** (lat. **sarcocolla**), a gum obtained from **Astragalus fasciculifolius**, a thorny Leguminous shrub that grows in Persia, a relative of the plants that produce **tragacanth** (see 2. **dragantum**) and **liquorice** (see **licoiris**). Chapter 240. People in Persia and India like to chew it.

- **Sarrisdinach** (lat. **Saraceni**), **Saracen**.

- **satuirion**, see **tulcan**.

- **saturaieia**, see **sabraidh**.

- **sauina**, see **liathan locadh**.

- **sbaragius**, see **modoman**.

- **sbonsa solis**, see **rudus**.

- **scabiosa** (syn. **ancula alba**; lat. **scabiosa**), **field scabious**, **Knautia arvensis** Webb. As to the "small scabious", see **lus an galloglaigh**.

- **scaili**, **shade (of a tree)**.

- **scailid** (lat. **corrodit**, **tollit**), dissolves.

- **scairiola** (lat. **scariola**), **prickly lettuce**, **Lactuca serriola** CTW. The term appears to have included the **great or wild lettuce**, **Lactuca virosa** CTW, the latex of which, known as **lactucarium** or **lettuce-opium**, produces a similar effect to opium but without becoming addictive.

- **scaman** (lat. **pulmo**), the **lung**.

- **scamonia** (lat. **scamonea**) **scammony**, a gum-resin containing



---

p.863



jalapin, obtained from the fleshy root of **Convolvulus scammonia** of the Middle East. Chapter 241.

- **scartadh**, a **compress**.

- **sceach**, **hawthorn bush**, **Crataegus monogyna** Webb.

- **sceachoir** (syn. **mesbili**; lat. **mespila**), **haw, the fruit of hawthorn** (see **sceach**). Chapter 204.

- **sceallan** (lat. **semina**, **interioribus nucleis**), **pip**.

- **sceathrach** (syn. **uomitibus**; lat. **vomitus**, **nausea**), **vomit**; **emetic**. Chapter 285.

- **sceidhid**, **vomits**.

- **scilla**, see **uinneaman spainneach**.

- **scilleticum**, appears to be a mixture of honey and vinegar flavoured with **squills**.

- **scim** (syn. **polipodium**; lat. **polipodium**), **polypody**. 
Chapter 223. The three Irish species are distinguished only with difficulty. **Polypodium vulgare** Webb and **Polypodium interjectum** Webb both grow on rocks, walls and trees; **Polypodium australe** Webb grows on limestone rocks and walls.

- **scinannsia**, **quinsy**. Lile Eg 104v ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 1): ‘Is inntuicthi timchill an adhbhair so co fuilid da slighi a cois premhe na tengadh .i. slighi an bidh & slighi na hanala. Slighi na hanala vero .i. trascia arteria & epiglotum a ceand. Slighi in bidh vero is ainm di meri no ysophagus. An tslighi ata co hinmedonach idir an da slighi sin is di gairtear guttur. Et ata ni co huachtarach ar in da slighi sin adubhramur ar tus & ise is ainm do uula .i. an sine seaain & is amlaidh bis



---

p.864



amail do beith mer ar fheadan. Et atait da ball feolmara eli a leanmuin do bun na tengadh re n-abar ameghdule & is ime aderar ameghdule ru oir is inand ameghdale & almont oir is a cosmaileas almont bid. Leith aithche vero an muinil re n-abar gula isi is slighi dilis don anail, leith cuil vero an muinil re n-abar ceruix is trit gabhus in tslighi re n-abar meri... Squinancia vero is and cruithightear hi a laccertibh in boill re n-abar gutur & isin da slighi sin an muinil. Et ecsamailtear gneithi squinancia fo examhlacht an inaidh sin. An cet gne do shquinancia is amhlaidh bis maille re hatt & re deirgi & rena bel do beith oscailti. An .2. gne ni faictear hi co follus muna cumgaidhtear arin tengaidh co mor. An .3. gne di ni faictear hi ar en cor oir bidh an neascoid in tan sin co folaightheach isna slighthibh sin. An .4. gne di an tan is follus in t-at co hinmedonach isin gutur & co foirimillach isin braghaid... Da roibh dearg atmar te maille re teinneas & re puls lan is o fuil deirg do-nitear & da roibh a ndath buidi maille re cnamh & re bruidernach is o linn ruagh do-nitear. Da roibh atmar geal bog maille re becan teinnis & moran selidhi isin bel is o linn finn do-nitear. Da roibh cruaidh & a beith a ndath uaine & an galar righin martanac is o linn dubh do-nitear. Et mad o ball eli tic adbar an squinancia bith an ball o tic maille re heire & re tromaidheacht do sir. Et madh ona heaslaintibh eli no



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p.865




o rem-cuisibh tic is follus sin do reir na neithe tainic roimpi & o scelaibh an othair. Ac so comarthadha an squinancia bis co folaightheach co hinmedonach nach faictear hi .i. cumgach anala & in tan ibhis uisce a beith ac impodh cum na srona maille re torainn & suile dearga & in tenga do beith teann & guth cuileinn & muinel teann. Is iat so comarthadha follusa na squinancia .i. cumgach anala & teinneas an beil oslaicthi.’

- **scinannti** (lat. **squinantus**), a Middle-Eastern rush known as **lemon grass** or **camel's hay**, **Cymbopogon schoenanthus**.

- **scissum**, see **ailim**.

- **scoiltid** (lat. **scindere**), **splits**.

- **scolapendria**, see **crim muice fiadha**.

- **scotomia**, a **defect in vision**. Lile Eg 58v ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 11): ‘Is eadh is scothomia & is uertigo and easlainteadha disle na cetfadha coitchinne. Isi is cuis a focus do uertigo & do scothomia droch-crosadh na n-imaighidh a crois nerui obtici & is ime sin is olc do-berar don cetfaidh coitcind iat & co haicideach don n-intamhlaidheacht, curob uime sin is easlainteadha don radarc co haicideach iat oir truaillid e, gidheadh leo fen & co dilis is easlainteadha don cetfaidh coitcind iat... Et deithfirighit mar so oir do-citear gach ni ac dul fa cuaird a uertigo ar son co mbi in t-adhbhar semh innte maille re gaothmuireacht ar na hiadhadh a fliuchaidheacht righin nach fedann dul amach aiste & is



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p.866




ime sin gluaistear fa cuairt hi & is ar an adhbar sin da feca fer in tedhma so neoil ac rith co luath no uisce srotha a gluasacht co hoband no roth no cairt ac sibal co luath do-citear do reir cosmailis co mbi fen ar gluasacht leo & is ime gabus tacca dona balladhaibh bis a ngar do no coimegnighthear cum suighi e. Et ni mar sin don scothomia oir bith an t-adhbhar nis remhi & nis cumsanaighthi innte & dar leis do-chi cuile no cimices & a cosmaile & is ime sin aderar scothomia ria oir is inand scothos a Greig & uidere a Laidin & is inand sin & feghadh & [is inand] mias & musca & is inand sin & cuil .i. feghadh cuileach & is o droch-leannaibh truaillidhe & o deathaighibh dorcha bis isin n-inchinn thegmas so &, co hairithi san inchinn edain, no o deathaighibh eirghis on gaile & on corp uile.’

- **scrisaidh** (lat. **rodere**, **removere**, **eradicare**, **excoriare**, **corrodere**), **abolishes**.

- **scrubul** (indicated in lat. by an inverted e), a **scruple**, nominally one twenty-fourth of an ounce. See **unsa**.

- **sdrusium**, see **praiseach buidhe**.

- **sduthfa**, a **stupe**, a medicated hot bath or fomentation. *Lat. stupha, stuba, see DuCange sv stuba 'vapoarium, hypocaustum: vox germanica' and see DMLBS sv stupha*.

- **seabac**, a **hawk**.

- **seacranach** (lat. **erraticus**), **erratic**. Of fever. Lile NLS 19r ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 8): ‘Laburtar annso dona fiabhrasaibh comsuighighthe... An .2. gne, goirthir erratica di, .i. fiabrus seachranach... Erratica vero is amhlaidh cuisighthir e o lennuiph iomdha arna


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p.867



morgadh & arna losgadh an ionadhaibh examhla & in tan tegmuid an én ionadh do-nithir quartana uaithiph, do reir Ipocras, & go hairithe a ccomursnacht an fhoghmhuir & ni bhi so seachranach ionta fein acht lenuidh gach fiabhras dibh gluasacht a adhbhair fein; gidheadh, do-cithir dúinne a mbeith seachranach tre éxamlacht a n-aixiseadh & a ccosmaileas gluasachta na bplainead & leighisir an fiabhras comsuighighthe so do rer naduir na bfiabhras aonda.’

- **seachtmain** (lat. **septimana**), a **week**.

- **seagal**, **rye**, **Secale cereale** CTW.

- **sealg** (lat. **splen**), the **spleen**. Lile Eg 168v ( LM Pt. 6, Ch. 7): ‘Is eadh is sealg and ball edluith cuasach fada arna suighiughadh a leith cli an coirp & arna ordughadh do glanadh na fola. Dleaghar a tuicsin in tan glanas in tsealg in fuil co maith co mbi an corp suilbir & arna deisiughadh co maith & in tan nach glanann co maith tic tuirsi an tan sin don corp & moran do droch-suighighthibh eli oir da teastaighi an tshealg in attairring gentear yctericia & da teastaighi a fostughadh deis na hattairringthi cuisighthear flux brond & a cosmaile & da teastaighi a ndileaghadh & a claochlodh cuisighthear cruas & neascoid & duinti, maseadh bith galair comcosmai1e & oifigeacha & coitcinna aran seilg mar bis arna ballaibh eli.’ See the note s. v. **fiabras**.

- **seangaidh** (lat. **rodere**), **shrinks**.



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- **sefailia**, see **cefaili**.

- **seile** (lat. **sputum**), a **spit**.

- **seile fola** (syn. **ematoica**; lat. **emoptoica**, **sputum sanguinis**), **haemoptysis**, the **spitting up of blood**. See **ematoica**.

- **seimh** (lat. **tenuis**, **subtilis**), **thin or fine**.

- **seimhe** (lat. **subtilis substantia**), **thinness or fineness**.

- **seimhigheacht** (lat. **paucitas**), **thinness**.

- **seimighidh** (lat. **extenuare**, **attenuare**), **makes thin or fine**.

- **seirbhi** (lat. **amaritudo**), **sourness**.

- **selidonia**, see **celedonia**.

- **semen urtice**, see **acantum**.

- **semperuiua**, see **teneagal**.

- **sene** (lat. **sene**), **senna**, the dried leaves of the senna plant, **Cassia acutifolia** from tropical East Africa, and the dried ripe fruits ("pods") of the same plant, formerly exported through Alexandria. Chapter 243. The plant is a small shrub of the family Leguminosae, about 1m high. **Platearius** says ‘arbor est nascens in confiniis Babylonie & in Arabia cuius folia medicine usui competunt abiectis fustibus.’

- **serb** (lat. **amarus**), **bitter**.

- **serban muc** (syn. **dens leonis**), **milk-thistle** or **sow-thistle**, **Sonchus oleraceus** Webb. Chapter 106. There is quite a long list of Latin names which were used most confusingly for any of a number of dandelion- and



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p.869




daisy-like composites, as in Chapter 249 of our text. The various Latin terms for which **serban muc** has been used, and the explanations of those terms offered by various authorities, are as follows:
  

**dens leonis**, used in the present text (Chapter 106), and in Stokes (1898) 332, B43; explained as **Crepis tectorum** – Fischer, **Leontodon autumnale** – Fischer, **Malva alcea** – Fischer, and **Taraxacum officinale** – Fischer, Alphita, Ogden, Turner, Hunt.
  

**lactucella**, used in Stokes (1898) 334, C48; explained as **Sonchus oleraceus** – Fischer, Hunt.
  

**lactuca**, used in Stokes (1898) 334, C48; normally explained as a species of **Lactuca**. Hunt includes **Sonchus oleraceus** in the list of possibles. **Lactuca leporina** in the Modena Tractatus de herbis, and the corresponding **Laittuue a lievre** in the Livre des simples medecines, are clearly identified as **Sonchus oleraceus**, the illustrations in both manuscripts being good. **Threlkeld** calls **Sonchus oleraceus** ‘**hare's lettuce**’. Fischer also gives **lactuca silvestris vel agrestis** for **Sonchus oleraceus**.
  

**caput monachi**, used in Stokes (1898) 327, A49, and 332, B43; explained as **Taraxacum officinale** – Alphita (probable) and Hunt, **Calendula officinalis** – Fischer, and **Crepis tectorum** – Fischer.
  

**Hieracium maius**, used by **Threlkeld**; explained by Nelson as **Hieracium species**.
  



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p.870


**Endivia sylvestris**, used in Rosa Anglica, p. 140, [sect ]30; explained as **Sonchus oleraceus** or **Sonchus arvensis** – Fischer; Hunt includes **Sonchus oleraceus** in the list of possibles.
  

**rostrum porcinum**, used in Rosa Anglica, p. 286, [sect ]25 (and on p. 84 for **gallfotannan**); explained as **Taraxacum officinale** – Alphita (probable), Fischer, Sheahan, and **Sonchus oleraceus** – Fischer, Hunt.
  

**Sonchus asper**, used by K'Eogh, who explains it as ‘**prickly sow-thistle**’.
  

The identification of **serban muc** as **Sonchus oleraceus** seems to be confirmed by Amhlaoibh Oacute; Súileabháin, i 288, ‘Chidhim **searbhán na muc**, se troighte air airde, agus ordlach go leith de tiubhacht na chos; ta se faoi blaith [21 vi], acht ni gabhadh a buain do mhucadh a mbliaghna, oir taid potataoi saor.’
  

The term **serban** simpliciter is discussed s. v. **maelan muilithi**.

- **serpigho** (syn. **deir**), appears to be a form of **ringworm**. See **bruitida**, **carraighe**, **deir**.
  


The Crusaders brought back a skin disease which was caused by a parasite, and with it the Arabs' remedy for it, **Unguentum Saracenum**. This was made with **mercury**, **latex of spurge** and **oil of stavesacre** in a base of **pig lard**, which did not leave the parasites much chance of survival. A very similar ointment is described in Chapter 39, which may give a clue as to the precise meaning of serpigho.



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p.871


- **serpillum** (syn. **piletra**; lat. **serpillum**). Chapter 244. The syn. ‘piletra’ is for baletri, a synonym given in the Modena manuscript for **serpillum**. See **piletra**. The name of the plant (**ρπυλλοsfgr;**) refers to its creeping nature. The Latin Circa Instans speaks of two sorts, a wild one, which is **Thymus serpillum** CTW, and a garden sort. The principal species cultivated, then as now, was probably **Thymus vulgaris** L., but some other species were also cultivated. The versions of Circa Instans all agree that ‘domesticum ramos super terram diffundit’ and the Modena version (which has separate rather similar chapters on Herpillos and Serpillum) says ‘Herpillos herba est similis serpillo sed radix eius sub terra serpit’. The latter statement may refer to the fact that the creeping stems of **Thymus serpyllum** root at the nodes. In general, the references in the texts to the garden thyme suggest **Thymus serpyllum**, and this species may have been cultivated for medical purposes. The Irish author would not have known it in the wild.

- **serusa**, see **cerusa**.

- **sgama ferri**, see **tuirinn**.

- **sian sleib**, **sian sleibe** (syn. **sticatos**; lat. **sticados**), **foxglove**, **Digitalis purpurea** Webb. Chapter 251. The meaning of the Irish name is well attested in original sources, e.g., **Threlkeld** p. 48, and **Aodh Mac Domhnaill** (Beckett, 1967, p. 122). On the Continent, **sticados** meant something else, **Sticados citrinum** being **Helichrysum



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p.872




stoechas**, and **sticados arabicum** being **French lavender**, **Lavandula stoechas**. The Irish author, in recommending the yellow sort (**Sticados citrinum**) may have been thinking of **Digitalis lutea**, the **yellow-flowered foxglove**, which is said to be less dangerous to use, as its effects are not cumulative, than **Digitalis purpurea**. **Digitalis lutea** does not occur naturally in this country, but it appears that it may have been cultivated here. Fischer (1929) p. 14 says that **Digitalis** is mentioned in the Welsh Meddygon Myddfai in the 13th century, but is not heard of in the literature of Central Europe until the 15th century. The plant had no name in Greek or Latin until named ‘digitalis’ by Fuchs (1542), on the analogy of the German name, **Fingerhut**.

- **sibal**, **siubal**: (toirmiscigh sibal an rema & foirigh catarrus, lat. ‘contra catarrum & fluxum humorum a capite’), the **migration of the rheum**.

- **sibhus**, **chives**, **Allium schoenoprasum** Webb.

- **sicoreo**, **chicory**, **Cichorium intybus** Webb. The term is given as a synonym for **rudus** in Chapter 249.

- **sidubal** (syn. **citonalens**). The text, Chapter 73, states that there are two sorts. The wild sort is **Valeriana officinalis** – see **caertann curraig**, while the garden sort is **Pyrenean valerian**, **Valeriana pyrenaica** CTW. The Irish name, like the English **setwall** and the corresponding French word, [lt ] ‘citovalens’ (‘fast-acting!’), evolved from an eastern word that has been standardised in a Latin



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form as **zedoaria**. Originally, **zedoaria** referred to an Indian spice, the root of **Curcuma zedoaria**. The evolved terms became applied, however, to **Valeriana pyrenaica**, because the roots of that plant are also spicey.

- **sietica** (lat. **sciasis dolori**), **sciatica**, understood as **gout of the hip** – see the passage quoted s. v. **artetica**, and LM. Pt. 7, Ch. 19).

- **signid**, **indicates**.

- **sil** (lat. **semen**, **fructus**), **seed**. See **conconidum**.

- **sileadh** (lat. **manare**, **fluxus**, **descendere**), **shed**, **drip**, **flow**.

- **silne** (lat. **venerem**), **sperm**. See **sperma**.

- **silteach**, **liquid**, **flowing**.

- **simplidhe**, **simple**.

- **simsoca**, **wood sorrel**, **Oxalis acetosella** Webb.

- **sinapium**, see **mosdard**.

- **sine seaain** (lat. **uva**), the **uvula**. Lile Eg 106r ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 2): ‘Don tsine seaain: atait 5 tarbachta ac uula. An cet tarbacht dibh oir ni leigind dethach na pudur cum an scamain. An .2. tarbha .i. claochlaidh an t-aeir te no fuar sul teid cum in croidhi no cum an scamain. An .3. tarba oir foghnaidh se do cruthughadh in gotha ac dunadh slighi na hanala amail do beith mer fir na seanma ar poll an fedain. An .4. tarbha dunaidh se slighi an bidh an cein bis neach ac labairt & ni leigind aer fuar cum an gaili & in tan bis neach a



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caitheamh bidh sesin*n* ar slighi na hanala ac toirmisc bidh no dighi do dul cum an ochta & is ime sin nach imcubaidh an biadh & an labairt ar en slighi. An .5. tarbha oir ni leigind se an t-adhbhar reumamhail co hobann cum an cleibh na cum an gaili oir anaidh se annsin sealad innus co moithightear e & co n-innarbtar maille re seili & ar an adhbhar sin an ti ac nach bi uula ni bid na .5. tarbachta so aige & is ime sin nach fuilnginn fuacht na teas na ita acht gortaighthear co hurusa e o gach uile cuis & arin adhbhar sin is a ptisis is mo do-geibhid bas; maseadh seachaintear an ball sin do gerradh oir gerraid drong dona dainibh e an aimsir na slainte cum gumadh ferrdi in guth & gan cunntabairt an lucht aca ngerrtar e ni denaid en oibriughadh le hinnstruimint an gotha o sin amach; maseadh dentar foireachrus. Et sintear an ball uair and & tuitidh sis & toirmiscidh slighi an bidh & na hanala & in uair do-nitear neascoid isin ball sin do-nitear annsa da ball ata a mbun na tengadh da ngairtear ameghdule & ni fuil ni is lugha na nis mo do cuisibh o ndentar acht mar a ndubradh a caibidil na squinancia. Et is inann comarthadha don easlainte so & do squinancia. Et adeir Ypocras ina Pronostica in t-uula dearg atmar curob eaglach a gerradh.’

- **singcoipis** (lat. **sincopis**), strictly, this is **heart failure** (‘d'easlainte an craighi re n-abar singcoipis’, Chapter 98), but, as the term includes collapse other



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than from heart trouble, it is rendered here as **swooning**. Lile Eg 125r ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 12): ‘Is eadh is sincopis and easbadh na hinntinne no is eadh is sincopis and dighbughadh an moithighthi & an gluasachta annsa corp co huilidhe, an meid is mo de o anbhfhainne an croidhi... Et bith a fis agad... co fuil da cuis co gar isin sincopis. An cet cuis dibh mar ata gach uile ni do-ni discaileadh teasaideachta on croidhi. An .2. cuis .i. gach ni do-ni cruinniughadh adhbhair teasaidhe annsa croidhi... Bidh a fis agad co fuil cuid dona comarthaibh foillsigheas an tshincopis do beith ac teacht mar ata **tremor cordis** no claochlodh datha na haithche a ndath mi-nadurtha & claochlodh an puls a laighdiughadh & a teirci, & fuardhacht na mball foirimillach. Item, ata cuid dona comarthaibh foillsigheas an **paroxismus** do beith ar lathair mar ata dighbhughadh an gluasachta & an moithighthe & an puls mar sengan & marbacht na haidhche & gach uile ni adubramar tuas annsa .2. leabhar annsan inadh a ndentar deichfir idir gneithibh na sincopisi & idir an sincopis & an bas. Item, ata cuid eli dona comarthaibh foillsigheas cuisi na sincopisi & mas ona cet cuisibh do-nitear hi do-geibhtear a haithne on lucht frithoilte da lorgurthar co maith iat & mas o easlaintibh na mball eli tic an tshincopis aithnitear arna ballaibh sin e, & da ti an tshincopis gan en cuis follus co hinmedonach na co foirimillach & a teacht co hobann foillsighidh



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sin an tshincopis do teacht o easlaintibh disle an croidhi fen & is marbhtach an tsincopis sin; & cuardaightear ranna an coirp & na bid cuisi na heaslainte a folach ort; & fech an o dluthughadh no o tercughadh no o folmughadh no o teasaideacht no o fuaraideacht do-nitear hi. Et mas o neimh do-nitear, bidh baladh adhuathmhar annsa bel & bid na cuisi eli follus.’
pb n="877">

- **singultus** (lat. **singultum**), **hiccup**.
  

Lile Eg 135r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 7): ‘Is eadh is singultus ann cosmaileas **spasmus** an gaili arna linadh no arna folmughadh no arna cinntughadh o linn eigin, d'innarbadh na n-urcoideadh. Dleaghar a thuicsin ac labairt co firinneach nach spasmus an singultus, gidheadh aderur spasmus ris on comaontughadh ata aigi ris an spasmus oir mar do-nitear an spasmus o linadh & o folmhughadh, is mar sin don tsingultus, gidheadh ata deichfir eatorra oir is gluasacht leath amuigh do naduir do sir an spasmus & fos an tan tairringtear e ni inntaighinn & ni sininn d'innarbadh na n-imarcach & ni mar sin don tsingultus oir fedaid beith 'na gluasacht nadurtha & maille ris sin, ge do-nitear tairring and, do-nitear sineadh ina diaidh an mheid fedtar. Et ise so modh a denmhusa .i. an tan tegmas red urcoideach eigin don gaili & co hairithi an tan bis a lenmuin do uillibh & do substaint an gaili moithighidh an brigh ainmhighe moithigheach sin & duiscidh an brigh nadurtha innarbthach & tocraid maille re tulgan mor an urcoid d'innarbadh & is don gluasacht laidir tulganach sin gairtear singultus & is ar an modh cetna do-nitear an tsraoghach & in cosachtach mar scribtar sa .5. leabhar De Morbo; maseadh cuisighthear an singultus o linadh & o fholmhughadh & o neascoid & o creacht & o moran da



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cosmailibh.’

- **sinnach**, a **fox**.

- **sinnser** (syn. **zinciber**; lat. **zinziber**), **ginger**, **Zingiber officinale**, cultivated in India. Chapter 291. The dried rhizomes were used, and also the young shoots of the plant, preserved in syrup: Stannard (1963) p. 204.

- **Siperinum** (lat. **Ciprinum**), **Cypriot**.

- **Sipra** (lat. **Cipra**), **Cyprus**.

- **sireagra** (lat. **ciragra**), **cheirogra**, **gout in the hand**; see **artetica**.

- **sirin**, **cherry**, the **fruit of the black cherry**, **Prunus avium** Webb, and that of the **dwarf cherry**, **Prunus cerasus** Webb, and of the varieties of them that were cultivated. Used in Chapter 27 instead of peaches, lat. **persiccorum**. In the 17th century, black cherry water was obtained by distilling the water in which the broken cherry-stones had been steeped: Stannard (1963) p. 212.

- **siroip** (lat. **sirupus**), **syrup**.

- **siropus rosatus** (lat. **sirupus rosatus**), **syrup of roses**.

- **sis** (lat. **deorsum**), **below**; the conventional way of referring to **purging by the rectum**.

- **sisan** (syn. **tisanum**; lat. **ptisana**, **aqua**), a **tisane, e.g. barley water**. Barley is simmered in water, an ounce to the pint, and the liquid is flavoured (nowadays) with sugar and lemon. All the references in the text are to **tisane of barley**, except in Chapter 266 there is



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reference to **tisane of wheat**. Wulff (1929) 405 quotes a 16th century English source which recommends flavouring with liquorice, prunes and root of fennel.

- **sitis**, see **ita**.

- **sithlaid** (lat. **colare**), **strains**.

- **sitrina**, **citrina** (lat. **citrinus**), **lemon-coloured**.

- **sitruilli**, **citruilli** (lat. **citruli**), **water melon**, **Citrullus lanatus**, cultivated in Southern Europe.

- **siubal**, see **sibal**.

- **siucra** (syn. **ziucra**; lat. **zuccarum**), **sugar**. Chapter 292. The **sugar cane**, **Saccharum officinarum**, was cultivated in Sicily, where the sugar was manufactured, and it was exported from there to England (and thence to Ireland) via the **Flanders Galleys** (see Introduction, Chapter 3). The three sorts referred to in the text are:
  

**siucra geal**, **white sugar**, the best refined sugar;
  

**siucra buighe** (lat. **zuccara mellita**), **brown sugar**, a sort that was inferior due to faulty cooking;
  

**siucra cainndi**, **sugar candy**, i.e., sugar in the form of crystals rather than in loaves.
  

Sugar was used with roses and violets to make **siucra rosasium** (lat. **zuccarum rosatum**), and **siucra uiolasium** (lat. **zucharum violaceum**) . **Platearius** describes how **zuccarum rosatum** was made. Three or four pounds of sugar and one pound of fresh rose petals were baked a little together and pounded. Then the mixture was put in a glass or earthenware vessel and left in the sun



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for 30 days, being stirred every day. The same method was used to make **zuccarum violaceum**.
  

Abstracting from the various versions of the account in Circa Instans, it appears that the **sugar cane** (**canna melle**) was cultivated in Sicily and Spain. It was harvested in midsummer (‘about the feast of St. John the Baptist’). The canes were chopped up and pounded, releasing the juice. Then the juice and the fragments were put in a bronze cauldron in which they were boiled until the mixture became thick and froth formed on the surface. The froth was skimmed off, and, when the remaining liquor had cooled, this liquor was poured into conical moulds which were left in the sun. The liquor dried in the sun into loaves (**tortellus**) of hard, white sugar (presumably the whole process caused the water content of the juice to evaporate and the sugar crystals to congeal into a solid mass of the required shape and size). If the cooking was not done properly, the product was a brown sugar of poorer quality.
  

It appears that **sugar candy** was made by dissolving sugar in water and boiling off the water, leaving the sugar in the form of large crystals.
  

**Platearius** warns that people make a fake sugar from the froth that is skimmed off, and he advises that, when buying sugar, you should break the loaf and taste it: if it is the froth product, it will be porous and



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tasteless, and it will not crackle when you chew it.
  


It appears that the sugar loaf weighed about nine pounds (**Trease**, 1959, p. 52).

- **slaidteach**, **dross**, the residue separated out from the ore of a metal when it is smelted. This is **lead monoxide**, **PbO**, known by the general name of **lithargyrum** (**λθος** stone + **ργυρος**, silver), but the residue from each metal was separately distinguished:
  

**lead** (lat. **fex plumbi**), also known as **molybdirin**; lead is melted and becomes covered with a grey powder, which is stirred into the metal in re-heating, and the whole of the metal is converted into a yellow powder (**massicot**); at a higher temperature, the **massicot** melts, and in cooling it solidifies into a reddish crystalline variety called **litharge**;
  

**slaidteach an airgid** (syn. **litairgirum**; lat. **litargirum**), **silver dross**. Chapter 175. Also known as **argyritin**; the ore was heated in a stream of air in a furnace, and the dross was the residue that was left in the furnace;
  

**slaidteach an oir** (syn. **catimia**; lat. **cachimia**, **spuma auri**), **gold dross**; also known as **chrysitin**;
  

**slaidteach an stain** (lat. **fex stanni**), **dross of tin**. See also **slaighe**.

- **slaighe** (syn. **ferrugo**; lat. **ferrugo**), **iron dross**. Chapter 114. See **slaidteach**.



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p.882


- **slainte** (lat. **sanitas**), **health**.

- **slan**, **well (in health)**.

- **slanaigid**, **makes sound**: of a wound (lat. **replet**); of releasing matter or the after-birth (lat. **relaxant**, **depellit secundas**).

- **slanlus** (syn. **lansiolata**; lat. **lanceolata**), **ribwort**, **Plantago lanceolata** Webb. Chapter 166.

- **slanughadh**, **release of the after-birth** (lat. **educit secundas**); **drying of a wound** (lat. **desiccare**).

- **slat ferrdha** (lat. **virga**), the **penis**.

- **sleamhain**, **smooth**.

- **sleamnaigid** (lat. **dissolvere**, **solutio**), **dissolves**.

- **Sliab Pisalani**, **Montpellier**.

- **sliasad**, the **thigh**.

- **slighe**, **passage**.

- **sligen** (lat. **marine coclee**), **shellfish**.

- **sluigid**, **swallows**.

- **smera** (syn. **mora selsi**; lat. **mora domestica** / **mora silvestria**), a bramble-type fruit; the text, Chapter 202, refers to two sorts:
  

**na smera fasas arna drisibh** (lat. **mora silvestria**), **blackberry**, referred to collectively as **Rubus fruticosus** Webb;
  

**gne... & ar crannaib fasaid** (lat. **mora domestica**), **black mulberry**, **Morus nigra**.

- **smeroid** (lat. **carbones**, **prunae**), **hot coal (usually charcoal)**.



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p.883


- **smir** (syn. **medulla**; lat. **medulla**), **marrow**. Chapter 184.

- **snaithi**, a **thread**; **snaithidha ruagha dearga**, lat. **quasi quasdam venulas distinctas**.

- **sneadh** (lat. **pediculus**), a **louse**.

- **so-bristi** (lat. **frangibilis**), **breakable**.

- **socacul**, see **cuilinn tragha**.

- **socaidhthi**, **sociable**.

- **socamlac**, (=**socamlach**), **comfortable**.

- **soibirgin** (syn. **herba sangti Petri**; lat. **herba paralisis**), **cowslip**, **Primula veris** Webb. Chapter 152.

- **soilisdur** (syn. **gladiolus**; lat. **gladioli**), **yellow flag**, **Iris pseudacorus** Webb. Chapter 145. See **gloiriam**.

- **soillsi** (lat. **lucidus**, **albedo**), **brightness**.

- **soitheach**, a vessel, lat. **vas**, **ampulla**; of veins, lat. **venas**.

- **sol secium**, see **rudus**.

- **solus** (lat. **clarus**, **lucidus**, **albus**), clear.

- **sompnus**, see **codlad**.

- **so-scailti**, **easily dissolved**.

- **sparagus**, see **modoman**.

- **sparan** (lat. **saculus**), a **little bag**.

- **spasmus** (lat. **spasmus**), **spasm**. Lile Eg 78r, v ( LM Pt. 2, Ch. 28): ‘Is eadh is spasmus and easlainte feithidh tairringis an fheith cum a bunadhuis maille re heasbadh an gluasachta... Na cuisi inmedonacha... & is dibh fos gaothmuireacht reamhar ac nach fuil slighi amach gidheadh bith an gaothmuireacht uair and a com bec sin



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co n-imdhinn uaithi fen co luath no le becan coimilta & is ime sin an tan tic sa colpa aderar grampa a coitcinne ria... In tan do-cifir ball arna comtarrang & arna righi & nach eidir a cur 'na suighiughadh nadurtha fen is ball ina fuil spasmus e & da tegma sin co hobann do duine slan foillsighidh sin a beith o linadh oir laighditear an feith in tan sin ar fad & meidighthear ar leithid mar is follus isin eill in aimsir an geimridh. Et da ti co min no a ndiaigh fiabruis no folmuightheadh is spasmus o folmughadh sin mara mbi gerradh na feitheadh ara fad & ara leithid mar is follus isin n-eill in aimsir in tsamhraidh. Et an tan impoidheas in spasmus co luath cum a naduir fen ni spasmus firinneach e mar is follus isin menfadhaigh & isin bhfhail & bith puls lucht an spasmus anmhfann cruaidh tonnach an-ordaightheach & bith an fual uair and dathaighthe ar son fiabhrais & uair eli isill o eirghi na ndeathaigheadh cum an chinn.’

- **spearmaceti**, see **ambra**.

- **sperma** (lat. **sperma**), **seminal fluid**. Lile Eg 185r ( LM Pt. 7, Ch. 8): ‘An .5. ni dleaghar d'fhoillsiughadh .i. co fuil sperma ac na mnaibh oir ata an .3. dileaghadh & dindimi & uirghi & boill oireadha eli acu & ma adeir Ar*istotle* nach fuil is amlaidh adeir aca compraid cum na fer oir is amhlaidh bis sperma na fer geal graineach & sperma na mna neamh-dileaghtha uiscemail & o ata sperma na mna ro-fada on naduir sin is ime aderur nach



---

p.885




fuil silne acu.’ This indicates, as do the Hippocratic writings, that the mother was regarded as making a genetic contribution to the child. In the past, there were others who believed that the father's sperm contained the complete embryo (the ‘homunculus’) and that the mother's "biological" function was purely nutritional.

- **spica nardi**, **spikenard**. Chapter 246. Two species of **Nardostachys**, of the family **Valerianaceae**, appear to have been used, **Nardostachys grandiflora** and **Nardostachys jatamansi**. Spikenard ointment was prepared from the young shoots of **Nardostachys jatamansi**. In the Irish text it is stated that spikenard is like ears of barley and is aromatic. It is stated in Circa Instans that **spica celtica** is like **spica nardi**, but that **Valeriana celtica** FE was used in its place. **Valeriana celtica** grows in the Alps, in pastures between 1800m and 2800m above sea level. The relative passage in the Erlangen version is:
  

‘**Spica celtica** ut quidam dicunt est **saliunca** [= Valeriana celtica] qui mentiuntur. Est enim spica celtica similis **spice nardi**, sed alba est et in septentrionali plaga reperitur, sed tamen pro ea saliunca ponitur.’

- **(na baill) spiradalta** (lat. **spiritualia**), the **respiratory organs**.

- **(na) spiruid** (lat. **spiritus**), **the spirits**. It appears that something in the body that seemed to be ‘action at



---

p.886




a distance’ was explained as due to imperceptible ‘spirits’, as distinct from the perceptible vapours (‘gaeth, ceo’). **Na spiruid** occurs in Chapters 14, 49, 82, 216, 280, and appears to be the **pneuma**, or ‘life force’, the medical concept of which was influenced by the Stoics: Stannard (1964).

- **spisradh** (lat. **species**), **spice**.

- **splenetica passio** (syn. **galar na seilge**; lat. **vicium splenis**), **disease of the spleen**.

- **spodium**, see **cnaimh na heilefinte**.

- **spumail**, **to purify by skimming**.

- **sraedach** (lat. **sternutatio**), **sneezing**.

- **sraidin** (lat. **sanguinaria**), **shepherd's purse**, **Capsella bursa-pastoris** Webb. It grows a lot by the wayside. Also **lus an sparain**.

- **sreabann**, **membrane**; **na sreabainn bis a timcill an toirrcisa**, lat. **retinacula fetus**.

- **sream** (**sreama na sul**, lat. **superfluam carnem palpebrarum**), a **viscous fluid**. In relation to the eyes, it indicates blepharitis, which, if not treated, may produce a red, watery condition of the eyelids, with loss of the eyelashes, known as "blear eyes", which persists throughout life. There will be swelling of the eyelids, redness, and constant formation of a crust round the roots of the eyelashes. As the Irish text says (Chapter 25), treatment includes frequent application of an astringent.



---

p.887


- **srian**, a **curb**.

- **sroin** (lat. **nares**), **nose**. See **poll** and **leath-shroin**.

- **sruth**, a **stream**.

- **stafis agria** (lat. **stafisagria**), **stavesacre**, **Delphinium staphisagria**, cultivated for the **delphinin** in its seeds. Chapter 254.

- **stan** (lat. **stannum**), **tin**.

- **sticatos**, see **sian sleibh**.

- **stipecdha** (lat. **stipticus**, **constringendi**), **styptic**. Chapter 256.

- **stipteria**, see **ailim**.

- **stoinsi**, **snakeweed**, **Polygonum bistorta** Webb. The term was qualified to provide names for imported plants whose roots bore a resemblance to the stout, contorted, underground rhizome of the snakeweed; Chapter 41:
  

**stoinsi fada** (syn. **aroistoloia longa**; lat. **aristologia longa**), **long-rooted birthwort**, **Aristolochia longa**;
  

**stoinsi cruinn** (syn. **aroistoloia rotunda**; lat. **aristologia rotunda**), **round-rooted birthwort**, **Aristolochia rotunda** CTW.

- **storax** (lat. **storax**), **storax**. Chapter 258. A balsam obtained from the wounded trunk of **Liquidambar orientalis**, a small tree growing in the southwest of Turkey; also, the resin from **Styrax officinalis**. The text refers to three sorts:
  

**storax calamita** (lat. **storax calamita**): according to



---

p.888


Circa Instans, this was a blend made by chopping the root of iris finely, mixing it with honey, and adding good quality storax; this mixture was then packed in reeds; this industry appears to have been carried on in Trieste;
  

**storax licita** (lat. **storax liquida**): from the text, it appears that this sort was obtained in Calabria, in the South of Italy; according to the Modena manuscript, it was not blended;
  

**storax micor**: in Circa Instans, the third sort is **storax rubea**, and it is said to be almost as good as **storax calamita**; Fischer (1929) p. 92 gives the third sort from Gart der Gesuntheit as **storax sicca**; it may be that this sort was dry and crumbly.

- **stranguiria** (lat. **stranguria**), **strangury**. Lile Eg 176v ( LM Pt. 6, Ch. 14): ‘Minighthear curob inann stranguria & innarbadh an fuail ina braenaibh. Dleaghar a tuicsin co tabur an fual co neamh-toilemail, no co fostaighthear co neamh-toilemail e & laibeormuid leath a tis din don fostughadh neamh-toilemail. Et da n-innarbtar a cainndidheacht ro-mhoir e & an corp do chnai ise sin diabetica dar labhramur, & da n-innarbtar co neamh-toilemail e & a ndiaigh a celi & ina braenaibh is mar sin is stranguria e; maseadh is maith adubradh curob eadh is stranguria and innarbadh an fhuail ina braenaibh leth amuigh do thoil.’



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p.889


- **stupail**, a **stoppage**, **constipation**.

- **suas** (lat. **sursum**), **above**, referring to purging by the mouth.

- **suathaid**, **kneads or mixes**.

- **sucarium**, see **ailim**.

- **succus**, see **airne**.

- **suficasio matrisis** (lat. **suffocatio matricis**), **convulsive hysteria**. Lile Eg 185v, 186r ( LM Pt. 7, Ch. 10): ‘Is eadh is **suffocacio matriscis** and drem in maclaig cum na mball uachtarach conuig an scairt o deathaighaibh truaillidhe neimhneacha an maclaig, o tegmann fascadh na mball spiradalta & sincopis & easbadh moithighthe & gluasacht sa corp uile... Deichfrighthear in easlainte so o epilencia oir ni bi cubar annsa bel innte & deichfrighthear o apoplexia ar son nach bi an meidi sin do docamhail anala innte & deichfrighthear o litargia ar son nach bi fiabhras innte, & aithintear co spetcialta hi oir an ben ara mbi si bith scothomia & uertigo & teinnis cinn uirre & moithighidh deathaighe urcoideacha ag eirghi cum na mball uachtarach & connmaidh a lamha faiscthi ina medhon & gluine fillte & da ngairtidh ina hainm fen hi tuicidh co maith & ni fedann fregra & cuimhnighidh ar gach aon ni deis in paroxismus.’

- **sugh** (lat. **succus**, **aqua**, **lacrima**), **juice**, **liquid**.

- **suighidh**, **sits**.

- **suil** (lat. **oculus**, **lumina**), the **eye**.



---

p.890


- **suilighi** (lat. **oculorum**), **of the eyes**.

- **sulfur**, see **raibh**.

- **sumac** (lat. **sumac**), **sumac**, derived from a small southern European tree, **Rhus coriaria**.

- **sum talman**, see **lus na sum talman**.

- **suramunt** (syn. **abrotanum**, **camphorata**; lat. **abrotanum**), **southernwood**, **Artemisia abrotanum**. Chapter 4.

- **(ag) surdallaigh**, (lat. **motus**), **leaping or skipping**.

- **taebh** (lat. **lateris regio**), the side.

- **tairngi**, a **nail**: used of a single clove ([lt ] **clavus**, a **nail**).

- **tairngteach**, **attracting**.

- **tairrngidh** (lat. **abstrahere**, **detrahere**, **extrahere**, **educere**), **draws**.

- **taiscid** (lat. **servare**), **keeps safely**.

- **taisis** (‘foirigh tisis & taisis’, lat. **phthisicos**), where **taisis** may be from **taise**, **weakness**.

- **talam Sarristineach**, see **talam selaithi**.

- **talam selaithi** (syn. **terra sigilata**, **terra Sarasenica**, **argentaria**, **talam Sarristineach**; lat. **terra sigillata**, **terra Saracenica vel creta** & **terra argentea**), **red earth, containing ferric oxide, from a hill in the island of Lemnos, pressed into small discs and stamped with various insignia**. Chapter 264. Its interesting history is told by Thorndike (1923) p. 130–131. Earths from other places were used as a substitute, e.g., the Genoa area (Wallace, 1988, p. 155) – see also the last sentence quoted from the Latin text in Part III hereof



---

p.891




re Chapter 264.

- **talmaigeacht** (‘big .. rann talmaigeachta [innti]’, lat. ‘humiditatem simul ac viscositatem terre’), perhaps **muddiness**.

- **talmuighe** (lat. **terre**) **of the earth**.

- **tamariscus** (lat. **tamariscus**), **tamarisk**, species of **Tamarix**, a genus of evergreen shrubs and small trees, drought- and salt-tolerant, native to the Mediterranean area and Asia. Chapter 271.



---

p.892


- **tamuirindi** (syn. **oxifencia**, **dactilus asetosus**, **[dactilus] indicus**; lat. **oxifenicia**, **finicon radi**, **dactilus indicus**, **tamarindus**), **tamarind**, the fruits of the tall Leguminous tree, **Tamarindus indica**. Chapter 272. The pods are about 5–15cm long and contain 4–12 seeds. The various medieval names render ‘**date of India**’ and ‘**acid date**’.

- **tana** (lat. **subtile et non spissum**), **thin**.

- **tanasetum agreste**, see **brisclain**.

- **tanesetum**, see **lus na francc**.

- **(co) tanaisti** (lat. **secundario**), **secondarily**.

- **tanaitech** (lat. **attenuandi**), **which thins**.

- **tapsia**, see **fearban**.

- **tarbh** (lat. **taurus**), a **bull**.

- **tarbach** (lat. **valere**, **prodesse**), **beneficial**.

- **tarbaigid**, **benefits**.

- **tart**, **thirst**.

- **tartarum**, see **deascaidh**.

- **tath** (lat. **conglutinandi**), **knit (of bones)**.

- **tathabha**, **hemlock**, **water dropwort**, **Oenanthe crocata** Webb.
  
 

The literary metaphor, ‘tathabha i measc na fothlachta’, refers to the fact that the roots of this poisonous Umbellifer were sometimes eaten in mistake for those of the water parsnip (see **fotlact**), with tragic results (e.g. **Threlkeld**, 1988, p. 113). Both plants



---

p.893




favour similar watery habitats.
  


The Irish name was adapted to two imported plants:

- **tathabha geal** (syn. **arasca**, **elleborus albus**; lat. **elleborus albus**), **white hellebore**, **Veratrum album**; Chapter 6;

- **tathabha dubh** (syn. **eleborus nider**; lat. **elleborus niger**), **black hellebore**, **Helleborus niger**; Chapter 113.

- **teanga** (lat. **lingua**), **tongue**.

- **teanga enain** (syn. **linga auis**, **pigla**; lat. **lingua avis**), **stitchwort**, **Stellaria holostea** Webb. Chapter 174. **Lingua avis** was sometimes used of the fruit of the ash tree, **Fraxinus excelsior** Webb, but it is not so used in the present text, as is indicated, e.g., by the syn. **pigla**.

- **teanga urcan** (lat. **lateris coxaeque**), ‘the projection of the calf’, i.e., the ham, or back of the thigh.

- **teas** (lat. **calor**), **heat**.

- **teasaidhe** (lat. **calidus**), **hot**.

- **teasaideacht** (lat. **calor**, **caliditas**), **hotness**.

- **teasbach** (lat. **calor**), **inflammation**.

- **techtaid**, **coagulates**.

- **teigid** (lat. **calefacere**), **makes hot**.

- **teimheal** (lat. **nebulas**), **darkness**.

- **teimperail**, see **timperail**.

- **teine** (lat. **ignis**), **fire**.

- **teineagul** (syn. **iouis barba**, **barba iouis**, **semperuiua**; lat.


---

p.894


**semperviva**, **barba iovis**, **acidula [minor]**, **aizon**), **houseleek**, **Sempervivum tectorum** CTW. Chapters 55 and 157.

- teine diadh (lat. **sacer ignis**, **erisipilas**), **erysipelas**. Lile Eg 27v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 19, Rub. 1): ‘Is eadh is heresipila and neascoid do-nitear o linn ruagh reamhur teinntighi & in tan creachtnaighis cnaiidh ina timchill do gach leith & dubhaidh & do-ni crusta & fedtar **sacer ignis** no **ignis persicus** do radh in tan sin ria.’ As ‘**St. Anthony's fire**’, erysipelas was confused with ergotism, which occurred from eating bread made from diseased rye, gradually producing gangrene in the extremities.

- **tela rania**, see **lin an damain allaid**.

- **tempaniteis** (lat. **timpanites**), **tympanites**. Lile Eg 164r ( LM Pt. 6, Ch. 5): ‘Timpanites vero aithintear hi ar an fual do beith nisa seime & bith an puls luath minic cruaidh & da mbuailt*ear* in medon do-ni fogar mar timpan arna bualadh no mar buidel lan do gaoith.’

- **teneagal**, see **teineagul**.

- **teneasmon** (lat. **tenasmon**), **tenesmus**. Lile Eg 147r ( LM Pt. 5, Ch. 15); ‘Is eadh is tenasmon and ailgis & toil ro-mor maille re tarbha bic no gan en tarbha ... Dleaghar a tuicsin curob eadh is tenismon and docamhlacht an innarbtha gan tarbha.’

- **tene talman** (syn. **hermodactuli**; lat. **hermodactuli**), **autumn crocus**, **Colchicum autumnale** Webb. Chapter 151.



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p.895


- **tennteach** (lat. **fulmen**), **lightning**.

- **teotoricon anacardinum**, a compound medicine, see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **tercair**, **symptom**.

- **terciana** (lat. **terciana**), **tertian fever**. Lile Eg 16v ( LM Pt. 1, Ch. 4): ‘Is eadh is terciana and fiabhras morgaighthi arna genemhain o lasadh leanna ruaigh... Crichnaighthear terciana fire a cinn an .7. haixis no leth astigh de & is mar sin crichnaighthear sa .14. la no leth astigh dibh & bid da uair dheag ina aixis no leth astigh dibh & bith a cumsanadh .6. huair dheag ar .xx. ...’

- **terpintina** (lat. **terebentina**), **turpentine**, strictly the resin of an Eastern Mediterranean tree, **Pistacia terebinthus** var. **Pistacia atlantica**. Chapter 270. Some hundred amphorae of this yellow resin were found in a shipwreck from the 14th century B.C. (Bass, 1987, p. 726). The turpentine of the present day is a fluid distilled from the exudations from certain conifer trees.

- **terra Sarrasenica**, see **Talam selaithi**.

- **terra sigillata**, see **talam selaithi**.

- **tighe** (lat. **spissitudo**), **thickness**.

- **tigernaidhid**, **dominate**.

- **tigernus**, **supremacy**.

- **tilgin** (lat. **manare**), **shedding (of blood)**.

- **tim**, **taim** (lat. **thymus**), **garden thyme**, **Thymus vulgaris**.

- **timperail** (lat. **temperare**), **to mix**, **to make mild**.



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p.896


- **timtireacht** (lat. **anus**), the **anus**.

- **tind**, **teinn** (lat. **dolor**), **painful**; **ceann teinn** (lat. **soda**), **headache**.

- **tinneas** (lat. **dolor**), **pain**.

- **tinol** (lat. **colligere**), **to collect**.

- **tir**, **country**.

- **tirim** (lat. **siccus**), **dry**.

- **tirmach(t)** (lat. **siccitas**), **dryness**.

- **tirmaidheacht** (lat. **siccitas**), **dryness**.

- **tirmaighidh** (lat. **siccare**, **desiccare**, **exsiccare**), **dries**.

- **tirmaidhtheach** (lat. **desiccandi**), **drying**.

- **tisanum**, see **sisan**.

- **tisis** (lat. **phthisis**, **ethicis & consumptis**), **phthisis**, **pulmonary tuberculosis**. Lile Eg 111v, 112r ( LM Pt. 4, Ch. 5): ‘Is eadh is ptisis and sen-creacht an scamain maille re cnai [consumptio] in coirp co huilidhe... Ac so na comarthadha foillsigheas neach do beith ullamh cum ptisisi mar ata muinel caol & guailli arda & righteach aimreigh & co hairithi an lucht bis ullamh cum an rema & an lucht aca mbi ucht cumang & coirp caola & co hairithi in tan bid mar sin an aimsir foghmhair & a mbeith maille re droch-follamhnughadh & a mbeith o aeis .8. mbliadhna deag co ceann .5. mbliadhain ndeag ar .xx. oir is mall tic an easlainte so dona macamhaibh & dona dainibh arsaidhi. Et adermuid co cumgaidhinn an foghmhar an ptisis & curob andsa foghmhar is mo foillsighthear an ptisis & is


---

p.897



annsa foghmhar is mo do-geibhid bas. Ac so na comarthadha foillsigheas neach do beith a ptisis .i. fiabhras min etica & curob mo a saothar & a tromdacht a haithle an bidh na roime & tromdacht cleibh & cosachtach & seli ingair & deirgi na ngruadh.’

- **titimaillus**, see **gerr an eighmhe**.

- **tiugh** (lat. **spissus**), **thick**.

- **tochas**, **irritation**.

- **togairmid** (lat. normally **provocare**, also **movere**, **adiuvare**, **facere**, **suscitare**), **provokes**, **induces**.

- **toghluasacht** (lat. **abortus**, **fetus mortuus**), **abortion**.

- **toil** (lat. **libido**), **sexual desire**.

- **toirmiscid** (lat. **prohibere**), **prevents**.

- **toirneach**, **thunder**.

- **toirpin** (syn. **crasola**), **orpine**, **Sedum telephium** Webb. The English Agnus Castus (Brodin, 1950) p. 139: ‘Crassula maior is an herbe that men clepe or-pyn. or oruale. this herbe ha[yogh]t lewys like to penywort and it beryth floures in the crop and the flourres are no[yogh]t fully so rond as is the leef of penywort... this herbe growith in gardynggis.’

- **toirrceas** (lat. **fetus**, **conceptus**), the **unborn child**.

- **toirrse** (lat. **tristicia**), **sadness**.

- **tollaid** (lat. **penetrare**), **penetrates**.

- **tolltanach** (lat. **penetrativus**), **penetrating**.

- **toradh** (lat. **fructus**, **pomum**), an **(edible) fruit**.

- **torc**, a **boar**.



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p.898


- **tormach**, the **more developed stage** (of a boil). The four stages of disease were **tosach**, **tormach**, **staid** and **digbal** (commencement, increase or development, course and issue): MacKinnon p. 71.

- **torman (na cluas)** (lat. **sonitus**, **tinnitus**), **tinnitus**, a noise heard in the ear without any objective cause. Lile Eg 91v ( LM Pt. 3, Ch. 9): ‘Is eadh is torman and truailliughadh an eisteachta, mar is truailliughadh don radharc faicsin cuileadh & ruainidh & cimices, oir, mar do-nitear an t-eisteacht nadurtha an tan gluaisis an t-aer foirimillach an t-aer inmedonach cumhsanaighthi, is mar sin do-nitear an torman in tan gluaisis gaothmhuireacht no dethaighi an t-aer cetna sin co foireigneach & do-nitear truaillighthi examhla isin eisteacht do reir examlachta na ndethaighi sin oir taibhrightear uair and co mbi a cosmhaileas fhaighi cluic deis a buana & uair eli mar ferthain mhoir & uair eli mar fodhar muilind & uair eli mar trost crann aga mbrisidh & uair eli co mbi mar must ac fiuchadh ina thunna an aimsir an fhina nua; maseadh is eadh is torman and truailliughadh an eisteachta o ceo ghaothmhar gluaisis ar modh tonngaile co foireigneach an t-aer cumhsanaighthi leth astigh.’

- **torrach** (lat. **praegnans**), **pregnant**.

- **tothlughadh** (lat. **appetitus**), **appetite**.

- **traethaigh** (lat. **attenuare**), **wears away**.

- **treas**, **third**.



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p.899


- **tren** (lat. **fortissimus**), **strong**.

- **treta** (lat. **emplastrum**), a **plaster**.

- **triafera (Sarrasenica)**, *lat. **trifera Saracenica***, a compound medicine: see Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **trifolium**, see **eachseamar**.

- **triticum**, see **cruithneacht**.

- 1. **trom** (syn. **sambucus**; lat. **sambucus**), **elder**, **Sambucus nigra** Webb. Chapter 238.

- 2. **trom** (lat. **ponderosus**), **heavy**.

- **tromlaighe** (lat. **somnia terribilia ac timorosa**), **nightmares**.

- **truailleadh** (lat. (?) **pannos faciei post partum**), **disfigurement**.

- **truaillidhe** (lat. **superfluus**, **maius**), **corrupt**. See 1. **linn**.

- **truime**, **heaviness**.

- **tuata**, a **lay person**; a **person lacking refinement**.

- **tuirbit** (lat. **turbit**), **turpeth**, a cathartic drug obtained from the roots of an Indian plant, **Ipomoea turpethum**, of the **Convolvulus** family. Chapter 265. It appears that **Calystegia soldanella** Webb was sometimes used as a substitute.

- **tuirinn**, **flakes of metal**, which fly out from it when it is hammered; **tuirinn an airgead**, lat. **argenti spumae**; **tuirinn (an iarainn)**, syn. **sgama ferri**, lat. **squama ferri**. Chapter 114.

- **tuis** (lat. **olibanum**), **frankincense**. See **olibanum**.

- **tuisia**, **tutia**, **an oxide of zinc, obtained from the flue of a furnace in which ores were purified**.



---

p.900



Brass (an alloy of zinc and copper) was prepared by heating copper with **tutia**.

- **tuismidhid** (lat. **generare**, **facere**), **generates**.

- **tuitim**, **to fall**; **tuitim an tsine seaain** (lat. **relaxio uve**), **elongation of the uvula** – see **sine seaain**.

- **tulcan**, **tulchan** (syn. **satuirion**, **priamiscus**, **leporina**; lat. **satirion**), **orchid**. Chapter 252. The term seems to be wide enough to cover all the Irish **Orchidaceae** having roots with two tubers.

- **tumaid** (lat. **intingere**, **madefacere**), **dips**.

- **turio**, see **maethan**.

- **uaine** (lat. **viridis**), **green**.

- **ualerian**, see **caertann curraig**.

- **ualuart** (syn. **ebulus**, **cameactis**; lat. **ebulus**), **wallwort**, **dwarf elder**, **Sambucus ebulus** Webb. Chapters 70 and 110.

- **uamain**, an **oven**.

- **uarencia**, see **madra**.

- **uasal**, compar. **uaislide** (lat. **melior**), **of good quality**.

- **ubull**, **apple**. Used of
  

**uball cumhra**, **ubull milis** (lat. **malum dulce**, **poma dulcia**), **sweet apple**; most garden apples are the fruits of cultivars of **Malus sylvestris** var. **Malus mitis** CTW, (= **Pyrus malus**);
  

**uball coillidhe**, **ubla fiadain** (syn. **mala masiana**;



---

p.901




lat. **mala matiana**), **crab-apple**, **Malus sylvestris** Webb; Chapter 201;
  

**ubla figi** (lat. **fructus ficus**), **figs**; see **fige**;
  

**uball na darach**, **oak galls**; see **galla**;
  

**ubla grainneacha** (syn. **mala granata**; lat. **malorum granatorum**), **pomegranate fruits**, **Punica granatum**, native to North Africa and West Asia. Chapter 182.

- **ucht**, **ocht** (lat. **pectus**), the **chest**.

- **uenenum**, see **neimh**.

- **uenter**, see **bru**.

- **uermis**, see **peist**.

- **uernix** (syn. **bernix**, **elasia**; lat. **bernix**), varnish. Chapter 274. The substance that was used appears to be **sandarac**, the resin of **Tetraclinis articulata (Cupressaceae**), a tree which grows up to 12m in height in North Africa and Spain.

- **uertigo** (lat. **vertigo**), **giddiness**. For the account in Lile, see **scotomia**.

- **uerucaria**, see **rudus**.

- **ueruena** (syn. **peristeron**, **herba ueneris**; lat. **verbena**), **vervain**, **Verbena officinalis** Webb. Chapter 275. References in Chapter 275 reflect the plant's long history of magical associations. The Welsh call it **llysiau'r hudol**, the herb of enchantment.

- **ugh**, pl. **na huidhi** (syn. **ouua**; lat. **ova**), an **egg**. Chapter 214.

- **ugdar** (lat. **auctor**), an **author or authority**.



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p.902


- **ughdaras**, **authority**.

- **uilidhe** (lat. **universalis**), **universal**; as against **rannaighe**, lat. **particularis**.

- **uinneamhan garrdha** (syn. **allusal**, **cepa**; lat. **cepa**), **onion**, **Allium cepa** CTW. Chapter 24.

- **uinneamhan Spainneach** (syn. **alapin**, **cepa mairina**, **scilla**; lat. **squilla**, **cepa marina**), **squill**, the dried sliced bulbs of **Drimia maritima**, a seashore plant of the Mediterranean region. Chapter 16. Synonyms are **Scilla maritima** and **Urginea maritima**.

- **uinnemint** (lat. **unguentum**, **cerotum**), **ointment**.

- **uinum**, see **fin**.

- **uiola**, see **sail cuach**.

- **uiolasium**, see **siucra**.

- **uirga pastoris**, see **lus na leadan**.

- **uirge** (lat. **testis**, **testiculus**), a **testicle**.

- **uirgell**, **uiruigell (=airfuigell)**, **speech**.

- **uir sleibhe Armeinia** (syn. **bolus armenicus**; lat. **bolus armenicus**), **Armenian bole**, an astringent earth, Chapter 60.

- **uisce** (lat. **aqua**, **amnis**, **lympha**), water. Chapter 289. Two processed ‘waters’ are referred to:
  

**uisce na roisi**, **uisce roisicdha** (lat. **aqua rosacea**), **rose water**, which was distilled from roses;
  

**uisce na heorna** (lat. **aqua ordei**), **barley water**, see **sisan**.

- **uisce beatha** (**aqua vite**), **distilled alcohol**, is not



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p.903




referred to in the text, but the scribe added a separate essay about it, which is reproduced in Part II hereof, after the main text.

- **uisceamlacht na fola** (syn. **ycor**), **ichor**, **wateriness of the blood**. Chapter 288.

- **uisus**, see **radarc**.

- **(coilera) uitilina** (lat. **(cholera) vitellina**), **yolk-coloured (choler)**.

- **uitis**, see **fineamhain**.

- **uitriora**, see **pairitair**.

- **uitrum**, see **gloine**.

- **ulach**, **germander speedwell**, **Veronica chamaedrys** Webb.

- **ullmhaighidh** (lat. **inducere**), **conditions**, **makes ready for**.

- **umha** (lat. **es**), **copper**.
  

**umha loisce** (syn. **es ustum**; lat. **es ustum**), **burnt copper**. Chapter 120. Platearius' account of this, as translated by Stearn from the French version (Opsomer, 1984, p. 145–6) is:
  

‘This copper is burnt artificially until it is reduced to powder. To do this, red copper which has just been beaten is taken and placed in a new earthen pot, then this pot is placed in a very hot oven for 40 days, then it is pulverised. Through the action of the fire, the proportion of earth is increased and that of water decreased.’
  
 
The product of this operation would be cupric oxide, CuO, a black powder that has the property of attracting moisture.



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p.904




It appears from **Dioscorides** that an earlier tradition of ‘burnt copper’ (χαλκς κεκαυμνος) was to heat ships' nails with sulphur and salt. This would have produced **cuprous sulphide, Cu2S**, which is a black substance.

- **umbilicius ueniris**, see **cornan caisil**.

- **ungula cabalina**, see **raib uisce**.

- **unsa** (lat. **uncia**), an ounce.
  

The apothecaries' weights may be taken to have been:
  
 
20 grains of wheat = 1 scruple,
  

3 scruples = 1 dragma,
  

8 dragmas = 1 ounce,
  

12 ounces = 1 pound.
  

For purposes other than medical, there were 15 ounces to the pound.
  

The English penny was standardised at 32 grains of wheat. According to NLIre Cat. p. 76 (248), a **dragma leighis** was equal to two and a half pence, and a spoonful (**liach leighis**) was a dragma and a half.
  

The basic standard of weight was the huskless grain of wheat, of average size, full ripe, and not too fresh or too old. The reason for this is explained, adapting an early 17th century MS (MacKinnon LX):
  

‘Is ó ní nádurda nach fédur do claochlódh is innill fundamint na misúr do tarraing, mar atá grán cruithneachta; ionnus, dá gclaona an comtrom do-níter do ní ealadhnach (mar atá



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p.905




luaighi nó sdán nó a gcosmaile) a loiged nó a méid tar an mód cóir, go bfedur a n-athrugadh & a gceartugud ó n-a sechrán leis an gcruithneacht.’
  
 
Thus, the metal weights that were used in pharmacy were able to be checked by the use of grains of wheat. There are, however, inconsistencies in the authorities as to the relationship of the various weights to one another.
  

That the above were approximately the equivalences that were applied in practice is indicated by an ordinance of **Edward I** (**Trease**, 1964, p. 64), NLIre Cat. p. 80, and ****Mackinnon**** p. 69. See **dragma**, **liagh**, **punt** and **scrubal**.

- **uomitibus**, see **sceatrach**.

- **uormont**, **mormont**, see **absinthium**.

- **ur** (lat. **viridis**, **recens**), **fresh**.

- **urbruith** (lat. **fomentum**, **lotium**, **apozima, si foveantur aqua**), a **fomentation**. Any warm application to the surface of the body in the form of a cloth. Usually the fomentation cloth is heated by being wrung out of hot water, but the term is also applied to dry applications and to hot cloths upon which various drugs are sprinkled: Black's Medical Dictionary.

- **urchoid** (lat. **laedere**, **vitium**, **morbus**), **harm**.

- **urcoidighidh** (lat. **nocere**, **laedere**, **obesse**), **harms**.

- **urdail** (lat. **ana**), the **same amount**.

- **uritiua**, see **loiscid**.

- **urlabra** (lat. **usum linguae**), the **power of speech**.



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p.906


- **urtica**, see **acantum**, **neanntog**.

- **usca**, **grease**.

- **uth** (lat. **uber**), **teat**.

- **utimbra**, see **sabraidh**.

- **uua**, see **caer**.

- **Yarapigra Galieni** (lat. **yera pigra Galieni**), a compound medicine. Chapter 290. See Introduction, Chapter 4.

- **ycor**, see **uisceamlacht na fola.**

- **ydor**, see **uisce**.

- **yringi**, see **cuilinn tragha**.

- **Zinciber**, see **sinnser**.

- **ziucra**, see **siucra**.


