

#A Chronology of Ireland


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#### Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition


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A Chronology of Ireland
=======================


Author: Thomas Osborne Davis
----------------------------


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D.J. O' DonoghueElectronic edition compiled by Beatrix Färber

proof corrections by Laura Harmon

 2. Second draft.Extent of text: 3670 words#### Publication


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#### Sources


**Editions of this text and/or other writings by Thomas Davis**2. Thomas Davis, Essays Literary and Historical, ed. by D. J. O'Donoghue, Dundalk 1914.
3. Thomas Davis: selections from his prose and poetry. [Edited] with an introduction by T. W. Rolleston. London and Leipzig: T. Fisher Unwin (Every Irishman's Library). 1910. [Published in Dublin by the Talbot press, 1914.]
4. Sir Charles Gavan Duffy (ed.), Thomas Davis, the memoirs of an Irish patriot, 1840–1846. 1890.
5. Thomas Osborne Davis, Literary and historical essays 1846. Facsimile reprint, with an introduction by John Kelly, 1998, Washington, DC: Woodstock Books.
6. Essays of Thomas Davis. New York, Lemma Pub. Corp. 1974, 1914 [Reprint of the 1914 ed. published by W. Tempest, Dundalk, Ireland, under the title 'Essays literary and historical'.]
7. Thomas Davis: essays and poems, with a centenary memoir, 1845–1945. Dublin, M.H. Gill and Son, 1945. [Foreword by an Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera.]
8. Angela Clifford, Godless colleges and mixed education in Ireland: extracts from speeches and writings of Thomas Wyse, Daniel O'Connell, Thomas Davis, Charles Gavan Duffy, Frank Hugh O'Donnell and others. Belfast: Athol, 1992.
**Selected further reading**2. Arthur Griffith (ed.), Thomas Davis: the thinker & teacher; the essence of his writings in prose and poetry. Dublin: Gill 1914.
3. William O'Brien, The influence of Thomas Davis: a lecture delivered by William O'Brien, M.P., at the City Hall, Cork, on 5th November 1915. Cork: Free Press Office, 1915.
4. Johannes Schiller, Thomas Osborne Davis, ein irischer Freiheitssänger. Wiener Beiträge zur englischen Philologie, Bd. XLVI. Wien und Leipzig, W. Braumüller, 1915.
5. Michael Quigley (ed.), Pictorial record: centenary of Thomas Davis and young Ireland. Dublin [1945].
6. Joseph Maunsell Hone, Thomas Davis (Famous Irish Lives). 1934.
7. M. J. MacManus (ed.), Thomas Davis and Young Ireland. Dublin: The Stationery Office, 1945.
8. J. L. Ahern, Thomas Davis and his circle. Waterford, 1945.
9. Michael Tierney, 'Thomas Davis: 1814–1845'. Studies; an Irish quarterly review, 34:135 (1945) 300–10.
10. Theodore William Moody, 'The Thomas Davis centenary lecture in Newry'. An t-Iubhar (=Newry) 1946, 22–6.
11. D. R. Gwynn, O'Connell, Davis and the Colleges Bill (Centenary Series 1). Oxford and Cork, 1948.
12. D. R. Gwynn, 'John E. Pigot and Thomas Davis'. Studies; an Irish quarterly review, 38 (1949) 145–57.
13. D. R. Gwynn, 'Denny Lane and Thomas Davis'. Studies; an Irish quarterly review, 38 (1949) 15–28.
14. N. N., Clár cuimhneacháin: comóradh i gcuimhne Thomáis Daibhis, Magh Ealla, 1942. Baile Átha Cliath (=Dublin) 1942.
15. K. M. MacGrath, 'Writers in the Nation. , 1842–5.' Irish Historical Studies 6, no. 23 (March 1949), 189–223.
16. Christopher Preston, 'Commissioners under the Patriot Parliament, 1689'. Irish Ecclesiastical Record, 5th ser., 74:8 (1950) 141–51.
17. W. B. Yeats, Tribute to Thomas Davis: with an account of the Thomas Davis centenary meeting held in Dublin on November 20th, 1914, including Dr. Mahaffy's prohibition of the 'Man called Pearse,' and an unpublished protest by 'A.E.', Cork 1965.
18. Theodore William Moody, 'Thomas Davis and the Irish nation'. Hermathena, 103 (1966) 5–31.
19. Malcolm Johnston Brown, The politics of Irish literature: from Thomas Davis to W. B. Yeats. Seattle (University of Washington Press) 1973.
20. Eileen Sullivan, Thomas Davis. Lewisburg, New Jersey: Bucknell University Press, 1978.
21. Mary G. Buckley, Thomas Davis: a study in nationalist philosophy. Ph.D. Thesis, National University of Ireland, at the Department of Irish History, UCC, 1980.
22. Giulio Giorello, "A nation once again": Thomas Osborne Davis and the construction of the Irish "popular" tradition. History of European Ideas, 20:1–3 (1995) 211–17.
23. John Neylon Molony, A soul came into Ireland: Thomas Davis 1814–1845. Dublin 1995.
24. Robert Somerville–Woodward, "Two 'views of the Irish language': O'Connell versus Davis." The History Review: journal of the UCD History Society, 9 (1995) 44–50.
25. John Neylon Molony, 'Thomas Davis: Irish Romantic idealist'. In: Richard Davis; Jennifer Livett; Anne-Maree Whitaker; Peter Moore (eds.), Irish-Australian studies: papers delivered at the eighth Irish-Australian Conference, Hobart July 1995 (Sydney 1996) 52–63.
26. David Alvey, 'Thomas Davis. The conservation of a tradition.' Studies; an Irish quarterly review, 85 (1996) 37–42.
27. Harry White, The keeper's recital: music and cultural history in Ireland, 1770–1970. (Cork 1998).
28. Joseph Langtry; Brian Fay, 'The Davis influence.' In: Joseph Langtry (ed.), A true Celt: Thomas Davis, The Nation, rebellion and transportation: a series of essays. (Dublin 1998) 30–38.
29. Joseph Langtry, 'Thomas Davis (1814–1845).' In: Joseph Langtry (ed.), A true Celt: Thomas Davis, The Nation, rebellion and transportation: a series of essays. (Dublin 1998) 2–7.
30. Patrick Maume, 'Young Ireland, Arthur Griffith, and republican ideology: the question of continuity.' Éire–Ireland, 34:2 (1999) 155–74.
31. Sean Ryder, 'Speaking of '98: Young Ireland and republican memory'. Éire–Ireland, 34:2 (1999) 51–69.
32. Gerard Kearns, 'Time and some citizenship: nationalism and Thomas Davis'. Bullán: an Irish Studies Review, 5:2 (2001), 23–54.
33. Ghislaine Saison, 'L'écriture de l'histoire chez la Jeune Irlande: quelle histoire pour une nation du consensus et de la réconciliation?' In: Centre de recherche inter–langues angevin, Écriture(s) de l'histoire: Actes du colloque des 2,3 et 4 décembre 1999. (Angers 2001) 435–46.
34. Ghislaine Saison, 'Thomas Davis et la nation irlandaise'. Cercles, 4 (2002), 121–31.
35. Helen Mulvey, Thomas Davis and Ireland: a biographical study. Washington, D.C., Catholic University of America Press, 2003.

Thomas Osborne Davis A Chronology of Ireland in , Ed. D.J. O Donoghue Essays, literary and historical. By Thomas Davis. Centenary edition, including several pieces never before collected. Dundalgan Press, Dundalk, (1914) page 249–255### Encoding


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 (after 7 September 1844) #### Use of language


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* (2011-02-08) Beatrix Färber (ed.)

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#### Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition: E800002-001


### A Chronology of Ireland: Author: Thomas Osborne Davis




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p.249


There is much doubt as to who were the first inhabitants of Ireland; but it is certain that the Phoenicians had a great commerce with it. The **Firbolgs**, a rude people, held Ireland for a long period. They were subdued by the **Tuatha de Danaan**, a refined and noble race, which in its turn yielded its supremacy to the arms of the **Milesians**. The dates during these centuries are not well ascertained.


489. B.C. Dr. O Conor, the Librarian of Stowe, fixes this as the most probable date of the Milesian invasion.


489. B.C. Ollamh Fodhla, the Irish Solomon, institutes the Great **Feis**, or Triennial Convention, at Tara.


489. B.C. thirty-two monarchs are said to have reigned between this sovereign and *Cimbaoth*, who built the Palace of Emania– an event which the chronologers have used as a technical epoch.


200. B.C. The Scotic colony, which Moore strips of much of its Bardic and Milesian splendour, he assigns this date to.


A.D. 40. Reformation of the Bardic or Literary Order, by *Concobar* King of Ulster.


A.D. 90. The old population successfully revolt against the Milesians and place one of their own race upon the throne.


A.D. 130. Re-establishment of the Milesian sway.


A.D. 164. King Feidlim, the Legislator. establishes the law of Eric.


A.D. 258. From Con of the Hundred Battles descended the chieftains who supplied Albany, the modern Scotland, with her first Scottish rulers, by establishing, about the middle of the third century, the kingdom of Dalriada in Argyleshire.




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p.250


A.D. 333. The Palace of Emania destroyed during a civil war.


A.D. 396. *Niall* of the Nine Hostages invades Britain.


A.D. 387. The birth of St. Patrick.


A.D. 432. St. Patrick Mission to Ireland.


A.D. 436. Dathi, the last of the Pagan monarchs of Ireland succeeded *Niall* and was killed while on one of his military expeditions, at the foot of the Alps, by lightning.


A.D. 465, March 17, Death of St. Patrick.


.A.D. 554. The last triennial council held at Tara.


A.D. 795. First Invasion of the Danes. The island of Rathlin laid waste.


A.D. 1014, April 23, Good Friday. Defeat of the Danes at Clontarf by Brian *Boroimhe*.


A.D. 1152. Synod of Kells, here, whatever be the controversy respecting the previous independence of the Irish Church, it is conceded that the supremacy of the Church of Rome was acknowledged. At this council, too, tithes were first sanctioned and introduced to Ireland.


A.D. 1159 Pope Adrian's bull granting Ireland to Henry II.


A.D. 1169, May. First landing of the Normans.


A.D. 1171, October 18. Henry II arrives in Ireland.


A.D. 1172 Synod of Cashel assembled under the authority of Henry II. A Council, called by some a Parliament, held by Henry II. at Lismore.


A.D. 1185. Prince John, Earl of Moreton, twelve years old, is sent over by his father as Lord of Ireland, accompanied by **Giraldus Cambrensis** as his tutor.


A.D. 1210. King John, at the head of a military force, arrives in Ireland.


A.D. 1216. Henry III. sends over to Ireland the great Charter granted by John.


A.D. 1254. Ireland granted, under certain conditions, by Henry III. to his son Prince Edward.


A.D. 1277. Some of the Irish adjoining the Anglo-Norman counties petition Edward I. for an extension of English laws and usages to them.


A.D. 1295. A Parliament held at Kilkenny by **Sir John Wogan, Lord Justice**.


A.D. 1309. A Parliament held at Kilkenny by **Sir John Wogan**. Its enactments on record in Bolton's Irish Statutes.




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p.251


A.D. 1315. **Edward Bruce** lands with 6,000 men at Larne in May, invited by the Irish. Crowned near Dundalk.


A.D. 1318. Defeat and death of Bruce at Faghard, near Dundalk.


A.D. 1367. Parliament assembled at Kilkenny by **Lionel, Duke of Clarence**, at which the celebrated Anti-Irish **Statute** was passed.


A.D. 1379. The first **Act** ever passed against Absentees.


A.D. 1394. Richard II lands with an army at Waterford.


A.D. 1399. Richard II's second expedition to Ireland.


A.D. 1463. A College founded at Youghal by the **Earl of Desmond**. Another at Drogheda.


A.D. 1472. Institution of the **Brotherhood of St. George** for the protection of the Pale.


A.D. 1494, Nov. The Parliament assembled at Drogheda passed **Poyning's Law**.


A.D. 1534. First step of the Reformation in Ireland.


A.D. 1536. Nearly total destruction of the Kildare Geraldines. **Henry VIII.** 's supremacy enacted by Statute.


A.D. 1537. Act passed for the suppression of religious houses.


A.D. 1541. Act passed declaring **Henry VIII. King of Ireland**.


A.D. 1579. The last **Earl of Desmond** proclaimed a traitor.


A.D. 1583. The **Earl of Desmond** assassinated.


A.D. 1586, April 26. Attainder of Desmond and his followers. Forfeiture of his estate, 574,628 Irish acres. Elizabeth institutes the planting system.


A.D. 1592. The Dublin University founded.


A.D. 15951595. **Aodh O'Neill**'s victory at Blackwater, and death of **Marshal Bagenal**.


A.D. 1603, March 30. Submission of **O'Neill (Tyrone)** to Mountjoy.


A.D. 1607. Flight of the Northern Earls, Tyrone and Tyrconnell. Consequent seizure by the Crown of the six entire counties of Cavan, Fermanagh, Armagh, Derry, Tyrone, and Tyrconnel (now Donegal), amounting in the whole to about 511,456 Irish acres.


A.D. 1608. May 1 to Sept. **Sir Cathair O'Dogherty**'s rising.


A.D. 1613, May 18. After the creation of fourteen peers and forty new boroughs, a Parliament is assembled to support the new **plantation** of Ulster by the attainder and outlawry of the gentlemen of that province.


A.D 1616. Commission for inquiring into defective titles.


A.D. 1635. **Lord Wentworth**'s oppressive proceedings to find a title in the Crown to the province of Connaught.




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p.252


A.D. 1641, Oct. 23. The breaking out of the celebrated Irish insurrection.


A.D. 1642. The **Confederate Catholics** form their General Assembly and **Supreme Council** at Kilkenny. ‘Pro Deo, pro rege, et patria Hibernia, unanimes’, their motto.


A.D. 1646, June 5. **Monroe** totally defeated by **Owen Roe O'Neill** at Benburb, near Armagh.


A.D. 1649, Aug. 15. **Oliver Cromwell** arrives in Dublin.


A.D. 1649, Sept. 2, 10, 15. Siege, storming, and massacre of Drogheda.


A.D. 1649, Oct. 1. Siege and massacre of Wexford.


A.D. 1649, Nov. 6. Death of **Owen Roe O'Neill** at *Cloughoughter* Castle, Co. Cavan.


A.D. 1650, May 29. **Cromwell** embarks for England.


A.D. 1653, Sept. 26. The Irish war proclaimed ended by the English Parliament. Act of Grace, ordering the Irish Catholics to transport themselves, on pain of death, into Connaught before 1st of March, 1654.


A.D. 1661. May 8, 1666. **Acts of Settlement and Explanation**. 7,800,000 acres confiscated and distributed under them.


A.D. 1689, March 12. James II landed at Kinsale.


A.D. 1689, May 7. The Irish Parliament summoned by him.


A.D. 1689, July 20. It met at the Inns of Court.


A.D. 1690, June 14. William III landed at Carrickfergus Bay.


.A.D. 1690, July 1. **Battle of the Boyne**.


A.D. 1690, Aug 30. The first **siege of Limerick** under William III raised by **Sarsfield**.


A.D. 1691, June 30. Athlone taken after a gallant defence.


A.D. 1691, July 12. **Battle of Aughrim**.


A.D. 1691, Oct. 3. Capitulation and **Treaty of Limerick**.


A.D. 1692, April 5. The articles agreed upon by the Treaty confrmed by William III.


A.D. 1692, Nov. 3. **Lord Sydney**'s protest against the claim of the **Irish House of Commons** to the right of ‘preparing heads of bills for raising money’. The beginning of the struggle between the Protestant ascendency and the English Government, which bore national fruit in 1782, but which was crushed in 1800.


A.D. 1695, August. Parliament violated the **Treaty of Limerick**.


A.D. 1695, August. 7 William III., c. 67. Prohibits Catholic education at home or abroad.


A.D. 1695, August. 7 William III., c. 5. Disarms Papists.




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p.253


A.D. 1697. 9 William III., c. 1. Banishes Popish archbishops, bishops vicars-general, and all regular clergy, on pain of death.


A.D. 1697. 9 William III., c. 2. An Act ‘to confirm the **Treaty of Limerick**,’ which directly and grossly violates its letter and spirit. It is fit to remember that in the **Irish House of Lords**, from which Catholics were excluded, seven spiritual and five temporal peers protested against this infamous legislation.


A.D. 1689. The 9 and 10 William III., c. 40. An Act aimed at the Irish woollen manufacture. **Molyneux** published his famous Case of Ireland being bound by Acts of Parliament passed in England. This book, by order of the **English House of Commons**, was burned by the hangman.


A.D. 1704, March 4. The Act to prevent the further growth of Popery, one of the most noted links in the penal chain.[1](javascript:footNote('E800002-001/note001.html'))


A.D. 1719, October 17. Representation of the **Irish House of Lords** against appeals to England.


A.D. 1720. 6 Geo. I. Act passed by the English Legislature to secure the dependency of Ireland.


A.D. 1720. **Swift**'s first Irish pamphlet, A proposal for the universal use of Irish manufactures.[2](javascript:footNote('E800002-001/note002.html')) Prosecuted by Government.


A.D. 1724. **Wood**'s patent to coin half-pence for Ireland, and **Swift**'s successful opposition to the scheme by the Letters of M. B. Drapier. The first time all Irish sects and parties were unanimous upon national grounds.


A.D. 1728. I Geo. II., c. 9, s. 8. The Act disfranchising Roman Catholics.


A.D. 1737. The tithe of agistment got rid of by the Irish gentry, and the chief burden of the tithe thereby thrown on the farmers and peasantry.


A.D. 1743. **Lucas** rises into notice in the **Dublin Corporation**.


A.D. 1745, April 30. **Battle of Fontenoy**.


A.D. 1749. **Dr. Lucas** is obliged to leave Ireland.


A.D. 1753, Dec. 17. The **House of Commons** asserts its control successfully over the surplus revenue, in opposition to Government.




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p.254


A.D. 1756. The first public effort by Mr. O'Connor and Dr. Curry to inspire the Catholics with the spirit of freedom. They succeed with the mercantile body, but are opposed by many of the gentry and clergy.


A.D. 1760. March and April. Mr. Wyse and Dr. Curry revive the scheme of an association to manage Catholic affairs.


A.D. 1761. **Dr. Lucas** returned as representative of Dublin to the first Parliament of George III.


A.D. 1763. Establishment of the Freeman's Journal by **Dr. Lucas**, the first independent Irish newspaper.


A.D. 1768. The duration of parliament limited to eight years.


A.D. 1778. First relaxation of the **Penal Code**, Catholics allowed long tenures of land, &c.


A.D. 1778. The Volunteers first formed. **Flood** the foremost popular leader.


A.D. 1779. The achievement of Free Trade [i.e., Ireland's right to trade with the colonies, &c.].


A.D. 1782. Ireland's legislative independence won. **Grattan**'s prime.


A.D. 1785. **Orde**'s Commercial Propositions.


A.D. 1789. Debates upon the Regency question.


.A.D. 1790. The formation of the **Society of United Irishmen** at Belfast. **Theobald Wolfe Tone** its founder.


A.D. 1792. The franchise restored to the Roman Catholics.


A.D. 1793. The Bar opened to them, &c.


A.D. 1795, Sept. 21. First **Orange Lodge** formed.


A.D. 1796, Dec. 24. The remnant of the French expedition arrives in Bantry Bay without **General Hoche**, the commander.


A.D. 1798, May 23. Breaking out of the insurrection.


A.D. 1798, August 22. **General Humbert** lands with a small force at Killala.


A.D. 1798, Dec. 9. Meeting of the Bar to oppose the projected Union. Saurin moves the resolution, which is carried.


A.D. 1799, Jan. 22. The Union proposed.


A.D. 1799, June 1. Parliament prologued, Government having been defeated by small majorities.


A.D. 1800, Feb. 10. The **House of Lords** divided, 75 for and 26 against the Union.


A.D. 1800, Feb. 15. The **House of Commons** divided, 158 for, 115 against the Union.




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p.255


A.D. 1800, March 17. On this day, the first of the following January was fixed in the Commons for the commencement of the Union.


A.D. 1803. **Robert Emmet**'s insurrection and execution.


A.D. 1810. Great Repeal meeting in Dublin.


A.D. 1813. Important debate on emancipation.


A.D. 1821. George IV. in Ireland.


A.D. 1823. **Catholic Association** formed.


A.D. 1825. Act passed to put down the **Catholic Association**.


.A.D. 1828. **O'Connell**'s election for Clare.


A.D. 1829, April 13. Emancipation granted.


A.D. 1831. Education Board formed.


A.D. 1833. **Coercion Bill** passed by the Whigs.


A.D. 1836, May. Parliament rejects Repeal motion.


A.D. 1838. Poor Law. Temperance Movement.


A.D. 1840. Corporation Reform. **Repeal Association** formed by **O'Connell**.


A.D. 1842, October 15. Establishment of the Nation.


A.D. 1843. Monster meetings. Prosecutions. **William Smith O'Brien** joins the **Repeal Association**.


A.D. 1844. Verdict against, and imprisonment of Repeal leaders, 12th February, and 30th May. Liberation, 7th September.


The future is ours. For good, if we are persevering, intelligent, and brave; for ill, if we quarrel, slumber, or shrink.










